Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is defined by autoimmune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells.Impaired insulin secretion due to β-cell apoptosis and islet massloss is the main feature of T1D[1].Curre...Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is defined by autoimmune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells.Impaired insulin secretion due to β-cell apoptosis and islet massloss is the main feature of T1D[1].Current therapeutic strategies for T1D are mainly through subcutaneous administration of insulin or islet/pancreas transplantation.展开更多
Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxy...Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.展开更多
This paper provide a comprehensive overview of research findings regarding the pathogen responsible for tobacco brown spot,its occurrence regularity,and integrated control strategies.Additionally,this study provide a ...This paper provide a comprehensive overview of research findings regarding the pathogen responsible for tobacco brown spot,its occurrence regularity,and integrated control strategies.Additionally,this study provide a brief analysis of the challenges encountered in the study of tobacco brown spot,which include the study of pathogenesis and virulence,the breeding of disease-resistant varieties,the screening of low-toxicity and high-efficiency agents,the development of biological control methods with more stable efficacy,and the necessity for accurate prediction and forecasting techniques.展开更多
Objective Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy through thermogenesis,and the impaired thermogenic function of these adipocytes is a key driver of obesity and related metabolic disorders.However,the molecular me...Objective Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy through thermogenesis,and the impaired thermogenic function of these adipocytes is a key driver of obesity and related metabolic disorders.However,the molecular mechanisms governing adipocyte thermogenesis are not fully understood.This study investigated the role of inorganic pyrophosphatase 1(PPA1)in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis and assessed its potential as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic disorders.Methods To investigate the function of PPA1 in adipose tissue thermogenesis,we generated adipose-specific heterozygous PPA1 knockout mice via the Cre-loxP system and established cold exposure models.PPA1 deletion effects were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,immunofluorescence,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and immunoblotting.Mitochondrial changes during browning were further characterized via transmission electron microscopy(TEM),mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)quantification,qPCR,and Western blotting.The molecular mechanisms involved were subsequently dissected via mass spectrometry,coimmunoprecipitation(Co-IP),and immunofluorescence colocalization.Results Adi-PPA1^(fl/+)mice presented impaired adipose tissue thermogenesis upon cold exposure.Mechanistically,PPA1 deficiency impaired adipose browning in an enzyme activity-independent manner.PPA1 knockdown promoted the aberrant translocation and accumulation of fused in sarcoma(FUS)to mitochondria,which triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressed browning.Crucially,silencing FUS effectively rescued the mitochondrial defects caused by PPA1 depletion.Conclusion PPA1 functions as a nonenzymatic positive regulator of adipocyte thermogenesis by interacting with FUS to prevent its mitochondrial mislocalization,thereby maintaining mitochondrial function and promoting adipose browning.These findings highlight PPA1 as a potential therapeutic avenue for obesity and metabolic disorders.展开更多
The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of stover from brown midrib(bmr)grain sorghum to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs).These mutants produce lignin with novel compositions and/or reduced lignin content that...The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of stover from brown midrib(bmr)grain sorghum to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs).These mutants produce lignin with novel compositions and/or reduced lignin content that was hypothesized to result in higher PHA production than when using a wild-type sorghum stover.Five sorghum stover samples[wild-type(control)and four bmr mutants[bmr2,bmr6,and bmr12,and a double bmr mutant:bmr6 and bmr12(stacked)]were evaluated as substrates for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(P(3HB))production.When the main sugars in non-detoxified alkali-pretreated sorghum stover hydrolysates(SSHs)were metabolized by Paraburkholderia sacchari for P(3HB)production,the SSHs from bmr plants were demonstrated to be promising feedstocks with a maximum P(3HB)concentration of 7.2 g/L from the bmr6 SSH,while a maximum P(3HB)concentration of 4.2 g/L P(3HB)was produced using wild-type SSH.Moreover,the highest maximum Y_([P(3HB)/sugars])were achieved using stacked SSH and bmr12 SSH(0.44 g/g and 0.42 g/g,respectively).Furthermore,Cuprivadus necator was utilized to evaluate P(3HB)synthesis from the alkaline pretreated liquor(APL)remaining after sorghum stover pretreatment and an oxidative enzyme-mediator-surfactant system(OEMS)was used to improve P(3HB)production from the APLs.A 28-fold increase in PHB production from the bmr2-APL with OEMS compared to the fermentation of the same APL with no OEMS was observed.This is the first published report to use grain sorghum stover to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs).Also,a novel combination of PHA production from both sugars and lignin is reported.展开更多
Brown planthopper(BPH)is a highly destructive pest that presents a significant challenge to rice production,particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.Numerous BPH-resistant rice varieties have been successfully bred and...Brown planthopper(BPH)is a highly destructive pest that presents a significant challenge to rice production,particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.Numerous BPH-resistant rice varieties have been successfully bred and released for commercial cultivation across diverse rice-growing ecosystems.However,resistance breakdown in several varieties carrying major resistance genes has been reported,highlighting the urgent need for the development of novel,genetically diverse,and broad-spectrum resistant varieties.To date,more than 45 resistance loci have been identified and mapped from both cultivated and wild rice species.Among these,a subset of genes(including Bph1,Bph3,Bph6,Bph7,Bph9,Bph10,Bph14,Bph15,Bph18,Bph21,Bph26/2,bph29,Bph32,Bph37,and Bph30/Bph40)have been positionally cloned.Most of these genes encode coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins,which are central to plant immune responses,along with a few signaling molecules playing pivotal roles.In addition to these core resistance genes,various other genetic components,including miRNAs,protein kinases,and transcription factors,have been functionally characterized for their roles in mediating BPH resistance.The advent of post-genomic tools such as RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing,along with cutting-edge genomic technologies like CRISPR/Cas gene editing,has significantly accelerated resistance breeding programs.In this context,we provide an overview of genetics,mapping,isolation,and functional characterization of BPH resistance,along with strategies for incorporating resistance using advanced genomics-assisted breeding tools.Furthermore,we present a snapshot of how the integration of genomics and novel breeding technologies holds great promise for dissecting the genetic architecture of pest resistance and accelerating crop improvement.展开更多
Background:Long-term exposure to light has emerged as a novel risk factor for metabolic diseases.The whitening of brown adipose tissue(BAT)may play an important role in metabolic disorders caused by long-term continuo...Background:Long-term exposure to light has emerged as a novel risk factor for metabolic diseases.The whitening of brown adipose tissue(BAT)may play an important role in metabolic disorders caused by long-term continuous light exposure.This study aimed to investigate the morphological and functional alterations in BAT under continuous light conditions and to identify traditional Chinese medicine compounds capable of reversing these changes.Methods:A metabolic disorder model was established by subjecting mice to continuous light exposure for 5 weeks.During this period,body weight,food intake,and body fat percentage were monitored.Serum levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were measured to assess lipid metabolism.Histological changes in BAT were examined using H&E staining.The expression of the thermogenic marker uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in BAT was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot to evaluate thermogenic function.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was employed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in BAT whitening induced by prolonged continuous light exposure.DEGs were analyzed using the connectivity map(CMap)database to identify potential preventive and therapeutic compounds.The therapeutic efficacy of the selected compounds was subsequently evaluated using the above indicators,and key pathways were validated through western blot analysis.Results:After 5 weeks of continuous light exposure,mice exhibited increased body fat percentage and serum levels of TG,impaired mitochondrial function,reduced thermogenic capacity,and whitening of BAT.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses indicated that BAT whitening was primarily associated with the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,fatty acid metabolism,and circadian rhythm.Ten hub genes identified using Cytoscape were mainly related to AMPK signaling and heat shock proteins.In vivo experiments showed that cordycepin significantly attenuated the increase in body fat percentage caused by prolonged light exposure.This effect was mediated by activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/UCP1 signaling pathway,which restored the multilocular morphology and thermogenic function of BAT.Conclusion:Cordycepin mitigates continuous light-induced BAT whitening and metabolic disturbances by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.展开更多
During the development of diet-induced obesity,the change of energy matebolism is closely related to the function of the circadian clock in mammals.Luteolin(LU),one of the most common natural flavonoids riched in many...During the development of diet-induced obesity,the change of energy matebolism is closely related to the function of the circadian clock in mammals.Luteolin(LU),one of the most common natural flavonoids riched in many edible plants,can ameliorate obesity by activating adipose tissue browning,but its effect on circadian clock in this process remains poorly understood.Here we found that dietary LU improved circadian misalignment of energy expenditure in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed wild-type(WT)mice.Moreover,dietary LU efficiently elevated uncoupling protein 1 levels in adipose tissue during the dark period,which was similar to the LU-increased hepatic PER2 expressions.Hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsα(PPARα)/recombinant retinoid X receptorα(RXRα)/fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)pathway was rhythmically elevated by dietary LU in HFD-fed WT mice,whereas the promotion was inhibited in Per2^(-/-)mice.Meanwhile,Per2 deletion abolished the effects of dietary LU on adipose tissue browning in HFD-fed mice.Further,LU treatment directly activated PPARα/RXRα/FGF21 signaling in primary cultured hepatocytes from WT mice rather than Per2^(-/-)mice.Taken together,the deletion of the core clock component Per2 impedes LUinduced adipose tissue browning through weakening PPARα/RXRα/FGF21 pathway in mice,providing a new insight into the interplay of energy metabolism and circadian clock for the anti-obesity activity of LU.展开更多
Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism...Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.展开更多
Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a phy...Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a physically defined class of substances.However,current research has gradually shifted towards the identification of its chemical groups,because its light-absorbing capability,chemical properties and health effects mainly depend on the chemical composition of its chromophores.Therefore,this review mainly focuses on the chemical understanding of BrC based on chromophores,and the secondary formation mechanism of chromophores,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects of BrC were detailly summarized.Firstly,BrC chromophores are divided into five categories:nitrogen-heterocycles,nitrogen-chain,aromatic species,oligomers and sulfur-containing organic compounds.Different chromophore precursor species exhibit variations,and their formation mechanisms are also distinct.Secondly,BrC can trigger the production of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors or cause SOA growth because BrC is an important component of light-absorbing particles formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels,potentially exerting adverse effects on human health.Finally,developing sufficiently separated methods for BrC and refining algorithms and machine learning can lead to a more effective understanding of the chemical composition of chromophores,thus enabling better evaluation of the atmospheric effects and health impacts of BrC.In all,this review provides new insights into the categories of BrC chromophores and new advance in secondary formation mechanisms,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects on the basis of chemical structures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325024,32400981,32222024,32271224,32471228,and 82270891)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1800400)+3 种基金the Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(23SG22)the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0507300)the ECNU public platform for Innovation(011)the instruments sharing platform of School of Life Sciences.
文摘Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is defined by autoimmune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells.Impaired insulin secretion due to β-cell apoptosis and islet massloss is the main feature of T1D[1].Current therapeutic strategies for T1D are mainly through subcutaneous administration of insulin or islet/pancreas transplantation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0720)Research Center for the Development of the Comprehensive Health Industry and Rural Revitalization of Sichuan TCM(No.DJKYB202306)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020HJZX001).
文摘Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.
文摘This paper provide a comprehensive overview of research findings regarding the pathogen responsible for tobacco brown spot,its occurrence regularity,and integrated control strategies.Additionally,this study provide a brief analysis of the challenges encountered in the study of tobacco brown spot,which include the study of pathogenesis and virulence,the breeding of disease-resistant varieties,the screening of low-toxicity and high-efficiency agents,the development of biological control methods with more stable efficacy,and the necessity for accurate prediction and forecasting techniques.
基金supported by Basic-Clinical Cooperation Program from Capital Medical University(No.PYZ24119)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82270874,82370855).
文摘Objective Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy through thermogenesis,and the impaired thermogenic function of these adipocytes is a key driver of obesity and related metabolic disorders.However,the molecular mechanisms governing adipocyte thermogenesis are not fully understood.This study investigated the role of inorganic pyrophosphatase 1(PPA1)in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis and assessed its potential as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic disorders.Methods To investigate the function of PPA1 in adipose tissue thermogenesis,we generated adipose-specific heterozygous PPA1 knockout mice via the Cre-loxP system and established cold exposure models.PPA1 deletion effects were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,immunofluorescence,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and immunoblotting.Mitochondrial changes during browning were further characterized via transmission electron microscopy(TEM),mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)quantification,qPCR,and Western blotting.The molecular mechanisms involved were subsequently dissected via mass spectrometry,coimmunoprecipitation(Co-IP),and immunofluorescence colocalization.Results Adi-PPA1^(fl/+)mice presented impaired adipose tissue thermogenesis upon cold exposure.Mechanistically,PPA1 deficiency impaired adipose browning in an enzyme activity-independent manner.PPA1 knockdown promoted the aberrant translocation and accumulation of fused in sarcoma(FUS)to mitochondria,which triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressed browning.Crucially,silencing FUS effectively rescued the mitochondrial defects caused by PPA1 depletion.Conclusion PPA1 functions as a nonenzymatic positive regulator of adipocyte thermogenesis by interacting with FUS to prevent its mitochondrial mislocalization,thereby maintaining mitochondrial function and promoting adipose browning.These findings highlight PPA1 as a potential therapeutic avenue for obesity and metabolic disorders.
基金Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division.
文摘The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of stover from brown midrib(bmr)grain sorghum to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs).These mutants produce lignin with novel compositions and/or reduced lignin content that was hypothesized to result in higher PHA production than when using a wild-type sorghum stover.Five sorghum stover samples[wild-type(control)and four bmr mutants[bmr2,bmr6,and bmr12,and a double bmr mutant:bmr6 and bmr12(stacked)]were evaluated as substrates for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(P(3HB))production.When the main sugars in non-detoxified alkali-pretreated sorghum stover hydrolysates(SSHs)were metabolized by Paraburkholderia sacchari for P(3HB)production,the SSHs from bmr plants were demonstrated to be promising feedstocks with a maximum P(3HB)concentration of 7.2 g/L from the bmr6 SSH,while a maximum P(3HB)concentration of 4.2 g/L P(3HB)was produced using wild-type SSH.Moreover,the highest maximum Y_([P(3HB)/sugars])were achieved using stacked SSH and bmr12 SSH(0.44 g/g and 0.42 g/g,respectively).Furthermore,Cuprivadus necator was utilized to evaluate P(3HB)synthesis from the alkaline pretreated liquor(APL)remaining after sorghum stover pretreatment and an oxidative enzyme-mediator-surfactant system(OEMS)was used to improve P(3HB)production from the APLs.A 28-fold increase in PHB production from the bmr2-APL with OEMS compared to the fermentation of the same APL with no OEMS was observed.This is the first published report to use grain sorghum stover to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs).Also,a novel combination of PHA production from both sugars and lignin is reported.
文摘Brown planthopper(BPH)is a highly destructive pest that presents a significant challenge to rice production,particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.Numerous BPH-resistant rice varieties have been successfully bred and released for commercial cultivation across diverse rice-growing ecosystems.However,resistance breakdown in several varieties carrying major resistance genes has been reported,highlighting the urgent need for the development of novel,genetically diverse,and broad-spectrum resistant varieties.To date,more than 45 resistance loci have been identified and mapped from both cultivated and wild rice species.Among these,a subset of genes(including Bph1,Bph3,Bph6,Bph7,Bph9,Bph10,Bph14,Bph15,Bph18,Bph21,Bph26/2,bph29,Bph32,Bph37,and Bph30/Bph40)have been positionally cloned.Most of these genes encode coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins,which are central to plant immune responses,along with a few signaling molecules playing pivotal roles.In addition to these core resistance genes,various other genetic components,including miRNAs,protein kinases,and transcription factors,have been functionally characterized for their roles in mediating BPH resistance.The advent of post-genomic tools such as RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing,along with cutting-edge genomic technologies like CRISPR/Cas gene editing,has significantly accelerated resistance breeding programs.In this context,we provide an overview of genetics,mapping,isolation,and functional characterization of BPH resistance,along with strategies for incorporating resistance using advanced genomics-assisted breeding tools.Furthermore,we present a snapshot of how the integration of genomics and novel breeding technologies holds great promise for dissecting the genetic architecture of pest resistance and accelerating crop improvement.
文摘Background:Long-term exposure to light has emerged as a novel risk factor for metabolic diseases.The whitening of brown adipose tissue(BAT)may play an important role in metabolic disorders caused by long-term continuous light exposure.This study aimed to investigate the morphological and functional alterations in BAT under continuous light conditions and to identify traditional Chinese medicine compounds capable of reversing these changes.Methods:A metabolic disorder model was established by subjecting mice to continuous light exposure for 5 weeks.During this period,body weight,food intake,and body fat percentage were monitored.Serum levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were measured to assess lipid metabolism.Histological changes in BAT were examined using H&E staining.The expression of the thermogenic marker uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in BAT was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot to evaluate thermogenic function.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was employed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in BAT whitening induced by prolonged continuous light exposure.DEGs were analyzed using the connectivity map(CMap)database to identify potential preventive and therapeutic compounds.The therapeutic efficacy of the selected compounds was subsequently evaluated using the above indicators,and key pathways were validated through western blot analysis.Results:After 5 weeks of continuous light exposure,mice exhibited increased body fat percentage and serum levels of TG,impaired mitochondrial function,reduced thermogenic capacity,and whitening of BAT.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses indicated that BAT whitening was primarily associated with the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,fatty acid metabolism,and circadian rhythm.Ten hub genes identified using Cytoscape were mainly related to AMPK signaling and heat shock proteins.In vivo experiments showed that cordycepin significantly attenuated the increase in body fat percentage caused by prolonged light exposure.This effect was mediated by activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/UCP1 signaling pathway,which restored the multilocular morphology and thermogenic function of BAT.Conclusion:Cordycepin mitigates continuous light-induced BAT whitening and metabolic disturbances by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
文摘During the development of diet-induced obesity,the change of energy matebolism is closely related to the function of the circadian clock in mammals.Luteolin(LU),one of the most common natural flavonoids riched in many edible plants,can ameliorate obesity by activating adipose tissue browning,but its effect on circadian clock in this process remains poorly understood.Here we found that dietary LU improved circadian misalignment of energy expenditure in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed wild-type(WT)mice.Moreover,dietary LU efficiently elevated uncoupling protein 1 levels in adipose tissue during the dark period,which was similar to the LU-increased hepatic PER2 expressions.Hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsα(PPARα)/recombinant retinoid X receptorα(RXRα)/fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)pathway was rhythmically elevated by dietary LU in HFD-fed WT mice,whereas the promotion was inhibited in Per2^(-/-)mice.Meanwhile,Per2 deletion abolished the effects of dietary LU on adipose tissue browning in HFD-fed mice.Further,LU treatment directly activated PPARα/RXRα/FGF21 signaling in primary cultured hepatocytes from WT mice rather than Per2^(-/-)mice.Taken together,the deletion of the core clock component Per2 impedes LUinduced adipose tissue browning through weakening PPARα/RXRα/FGF21 pathway in mice,providing a new insight into the interplay of energy metabolism and circadian clock for the anti-obesity activity of LU.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001679 and 31871801)the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2021QFY07-03)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)the Scientific and Technological Achievements Commercialization Program of Shaanxi(2023-YDCGZH-13)。
文摘Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001,42327806 and 42177354).
文摘Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a physically defined class of substances.However,current research has gradually shifted towards the identification of its chemical groups,because its light-absorbing capability,chemical properties and health effects mainly depend on the chemical composition of its chromophores.Therefore,this review mainly focuses on the chemical understanding of BrC based on chromophores,and the secondary formation mechanism of chromophores,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects of BrC were detailly summarized.Firstly,BrC chromophores are divided into five categories:nitrogen-heterocycles,nitrogen-chain,aromatic species,oligomers and sulfur-containing organic compounds.Different chromophore precursor species exhibit variations,and their formation mechanisms are also distinct.Secondly,BrC can trigger the production of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors or cause SOA growth because BrC is an important component of light-absorbing particles formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels,potentially exerting adverse effects on human health.Finally,developing sufficiently separated methods for BrC and refining algorithms and machine learning can lead to a more effective understanding of the chemical composition of chromophores,thus enabling better evaluation of the atmospheric effects and health impacts of BrC.In all,this review provides new insights into the categories of BrC chromophores and new advance in secondary formation mechanisms,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects on the basis of chemical structures.
