George A,Brooks的突出贡献是对乳酸的研究,他推翻了希尔的氧债假说,创立和发展了乳酸穿梭学说,并得到了运动生理学界内外的普遍认可。搜集Brooks近50年的论文、新闻以及同行争议与评价,从认识论角度梳理其对乳酸的研究历史和观点,基于...George A,Brooks的突出贡献是对乳酸的研究,他推翻了希尔的氧债假说,创立和发展了乳酸穿梭学说,并得到了运动生理学界内外的普遍认可。搜集Brooks近50年的论文、新闻以及同行争议与评价,从认识论角度梳理其对乳酸的研究历史和观点,基于研究者视角树立运动“代谢物”的认识过程和方法。Brooks认为,乳酸具有能量底物、电子载体、信号分子三重角色,乳酸变化在不同生理环境下产生截然不同的效益。Brooks的乳酸简史从认识论和方法论上都给我们以深刻启示和教训,对运动“代谢物”的认识切忌片面化和主观的价值导向。在面对很多实验结果时有必要事先推定,运动内源性“代谢物”具有多重角色,只有在特定生理或病理条件下表现“好”与“坏”。运动生理学家须致力于用运动刺激的特殊模型,揭示深层次、普适性的生理学机制,对运动生理、健康生理、病理生理给予统一解释,从繁杂的实验结论中创造与实验数据吻合的学说。展开更多
Arctic Alaska is a ＇suspect＇ terrane that encompasses approximately 20%of Alaska,stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.Although the origin ...Arctic Alaska is a ＇suspect＇ terrane that encompasses approximately 20%of Alaska,stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.Although the origin and subsequent travels of this large crustal fragment are debated among geologists,most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic origin.To constrain the early geological history of this terrane,we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range.This area has long been regarded as a key locality for understanding the structural evolution of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen;however,our target was different：a unique sequence of volcanic and siliciclastic rocks（Apoon assemblage） exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity,which we argue is of key importance to understanding the early Paleozoic tectonic history of northern Alaska and the greater Arctic.展开更多
Michael Brooks在非洲出生及成长,在11个国家居住过,是一位名副其实的世界公民。他拥有超过40年的专业酒店管理经验,毕业于瑞士洛桑酒店管理学院,曾于欧洲、非洲、澳洲及中国的酒店任职。现时,他负责阿丽拉集团首家度假村的开幕事宜;浙...Michael Brooks在非洲出生及成长,在11个国家居住过,是一位名副其实的世界公民。他拥有超过40年的专业酒店管理经验,毕业于瑞士洛桑酒店管理学院,曾于欧洲、非洲、澳洲及中国的酒店任职。现时,他负责阿丽拉集团首家度假村的开幕事宜;浙江安吉阿丽拉度假村拥有茂密的竹林及清新的茶园,电影＂卧虎藏龙＂亦在此取景。展开更多
Peatland drainage can affect headwater systems, causing changes in bed substrate composition and hydraulic geome-try in small brooks. We studied hydraulic geometry and sediment properties in 14 boreal forest brook rea...Peatland drainage can affect headwater systems, causing changes in bed substrate composition and hydraulic geome-try in small brooks. We studied hydraulic geometry and sediment properties in 14 boreal forest brook reaches (width < 2 m), characterised by well-vegetated banks, high sinuosity and low width-to-depth ratio, in north-east Finland. The aims were to obtain information from channel geometry and to study brook response to extensive sediment load from land use. The results indicate that bed sediment in brooks is almost continuously mobile, which negatively reflect to ecological status of the brooks. These headwater meandering parts have limited sediment transport capacity and require a long period to recover from artificially increased sediment input from peat drainage. However, different reaches can be prioritised for restoration according to the characteristics of silted bed sediment or sediment origins. Brook width appeared to have large natural variation, causing great local velocity variations. This needs to be taken into consideration when restoring straightened reaches in small headwater areas, e.g., width in restored reaches cannot be uniform but should include variations.展开更多
The water retention curve(WRC)has been widely used to quantify moisture transport characteristics of maritime snowpack.However,there is a notable deficiency in experimental studies focused on the WRC of dry-cold snowp...The water retention curve(WRC)has been widely used to quantify moisture transport characteristics of maritime snowpack.However,there is a notable deficiency in experimental studies focused on the WRC of dry-cold snowpack in continental climate conditions.This study selected dry-cold snowpack samples with five densities to measure the variations in volumetric water content using the pressure plate method.The Van Genuchten(VG)and Brooks-Corey(BC)models were then used to fit the snowpack WRCs,aiming to investigate their applicability to dry-cold snowpack and explore the relationship between the model parameters and snowpack characteristics.The results indicated that:(1)Compared to the particle size and the ratio of snowpack density to particle size,the snowpack density shows a higher correlation with the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(2)There is a nonlinear relationship between the snowpack density and the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(3)Both the BC and VG models provide a high level of accuracy in fitting the experimental data,with the BC model showing slightly better precision.However,after regression correction,the VG model outperforms the BC model.The findings provide support for in-depth studies of moisture movement characteristics in different types of snow,and have significantly practical value for improving the accuracy of early warning systems for hazards such as avalanches and floods.展开更多
To find success as a writer in any given field is a precious rarity;to find success in more than one is a feat of near mythic proportions.Australian writer Geraldine Brooks began her career as a journalist working as ...To find success as a writer in any given field is a precious rarity;to find success in more than one is a feat of near mythic proportions.Australian writer Geraldine Brooks began her career as a journalist working as a correspondent for the Wall Street Journal where she spent six years reporting from conflict areas around Egypt,Eritrea,Iran,Israel,Jordan,and elsewhere.This led to her first book,a clear-eyed and compulsively readable piece of narrative journalism called Nine Parts of Desine,which profiles the Muslim women Brooks met while working abroad.展开更多
为弄清榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius Walker幼虫的发育情况及预测其发生时间,通过测量榆木蠹蛾幼虫的头壳宽、体长、体宽、前胸背板宽、上颚长和上颚宽,运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法分析来找出判定幼虫龄数的最佳形态指标,推断其...为弄清榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius Walker幼虫的发育情况及预测其发生时间,通过测量榆木蠹蛾幼虫的头壳宽、体长、体宽、前胸背板宽、上颚长和上颚宽,运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法分析来找出判定幼虫龄数的最佳形态指标,推断其幼虫的龄数。结果表明:各龄幼虫头壳宽平均值的变异系数和Crosby指数最小,其他5项指标的变异系数和Crosby指数较大,头壳宽为最佳分龄指标。根据头壳宽将榆木蠹蛾幼虫分为20龄,不同龄幼虫头壳宽值符合Dyar定律提出的幼虫头壳宽增长规律,头壳宽和龄数的回归方程为y=0.233+1.686x+0.127x2-0.005x3(R2=0.996)。榆木蠹蛾幼虫龄数的确定为研究其发生规律、生物学习性及进行综合防治提供依据。展开更多
基金supported by a Geological Society of America graduate student research grant,Harvard University,Dartmouth Collegea National Science Foundation(NSF) Tectonics grant (EAR-1624131)+1 种基金supported by a Stanford McGee Grantand a NSF Graduate Research Fellowshipsupported by Harvard University
文摘Arctic Alaska is a ＇suspect＇ terrane that encompasses approximately 20%of Alaska,stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.Although the origin and subsequent travels of this large crustal fragment are debated among geologists,most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic origin.To constrain the early geological history of this terrane,we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range.This area has long been regarded as a key locality for understanding the structural evolution of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen;however,our target was different：a unique sequence of volcanic and siliciclastic rocks（Apoon assemblage） exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity,which we argue is of key importance to understanding the early Paleozoic tectonic history of northern Alaska and the greater Arctic.
基金partly funded by the forest brook restoration project led by the North Ostrobothnia Regional Environment Centre in Finlandsupport from KIRSU graduate school(Academy of Finland),Tor and Maj Nessling foundation,MVTT,Thule-institute at University of Oulu,Mod-Stream project by Academy of Finland and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
文摘Peatland drainage can affect headwater systems, causing changes in bed substrate composition and hydraulic geome-try in small brooks. We studied hydraulic geometry and sediment properties in 14 boreal forest brook reaches (width < 2 m), characterised by well-vegetated banks, high sinuosity and low width-to-depth ratio, in north-east Finland. The aims were to obtain information from channel geometry and to study brook response to extensive sediment load from land use. The results indicate that bed sediment in brooks is almost continuously mobile, which negatively reflect to ecological status of the brooks. These headwater meandering parts have limited sediment transport capacity and require a long period to recover from artificially increased sediment input from peat drainage. However, different reaches can be prioritised for restoration according to the characteristics of silted bed sediment or sediment origins. Brook width appeared to have large natural variation, causing great local velocity variations. This needs to be taken into consideration when restoring straightened reaches in small headwater areas, e.g., width in restored reaches cannot be uniform but should include variations.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.XJYS0907-2023-23)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant 42371146,42401167)+3 种基金the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2022xjkk0602)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2022444)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0720203)The International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(131965KYSB20210018)。
文摘The water retention curve(WRC)has been widely used to quantify moisture transport characteristics of maritime snowpack.However,there is a notable deficiency in experimental studies focused on the WRC of dry-cold snowpack in continental climate conditions.This study selected dry-cold snowpack samples with five densities to measure the variations in volumetric water content using the pressure plate method.The Van Genuchten(VG)and Brooks-Corey(BC)models were then used to fit the snowpack WRCs,aiming to investigate their applicability to dry-cold snowpack and explore the relationship between the model parameters and snowpack characteristics.The results indicated that:(1)Compared to the particle size and the ratio of snowpack density to particle size,the snowpack density shows a higher correlation with the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(2)There is a nonlinear relationship between the snowpack density and the shape parameters of VG model and BC model;(3)Both the BC and VG models provide a high level of accuracy in fitting the experimental data,with the BC model showing slightly better precision.However,after regression correction,the VG model outperforms the BC model.The findings provide support for in-depth studies of moisture movement characteristics in different types of snow,and have significantly practical value for improving the accuracy of early warning systems for hazards such as avalanches and floods.
文摘To find success as a writer in any given field is a precious rarity;to find success in more than one is a feat of near mythic proportions.Australian writer Geraldine Brooks began her career as a journalist working as a correspondent for the Wall Street Journal where she spent six years reporting from conflict areas around Egypt,Eritrea,Iran,Israel,Jordan,and elsewhere.This led to her first book,a clear-eyed and compulsively readable piece of narrative journalism called Nine Parts of Desine,which profiles the Muslim women Brooks met while working abroad.
文摘为弄清榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius Walker幼虫的发育情况及预测其发生时间,通过测量榆木蠹蛾幼虫的头壳宽、体长、体宽、前胸背板宽、上颚长和上颚宽,运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法分析来找出判定幼虫龄数的最佳形态指标,推断其幼虫的龄数。结果表明:各龄幼虫头壳宽平均值的变异系数和Crosby指数最小,其他5项指标的变异系数和Crosby指数较大,头壳宽为最佳分龄指标。根据头壳宽将榆木蠹蛾幼虫分为20龄,不同龄幼虫头壳宽值符合Dyar定律提出的幼虫头壳宽增长规律,头壳宽和龄数的回归方程为y=0.233+1.686x+0.127x2-0.005x3(R2=0.996)。榆木蠹蛾幼虫龄数的确定为研究其发生规律、生物学习性及进行综合防治提供依据。
