This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are ...This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are rich in fat, protein, dietary fiber, trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Na). Lipids mainly consist of MUFA (33.8 g/100g), primarily oleic acid (32.4 g/ 100g);PUFA is mostly represented by linoleic acid (7.49 g/100g). Bronte’s pistachios are also a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols (501.5 mg/100g), lutein (1.26 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.18 mg/100g), γ-tocopherol (19.2 mg/100g) and phytosterols (134.4 mg/100g). Among phytosterols, the main is β-sitosterol (86% of total content), followed by Δ5-avenasterol (6.3%). Phytic acid content is 1763 mg/100g;Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5,)P5 have been detected too (31 mg/100g and 10 mg/100g, respectively). The antioxidant activity was determined both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction of pistachios, showing >80% of the total antioxidant activity in the hydrophilic, predominately due to phenolic compounds.展开更多
Elaine Showalter＇s A Literature of Their Own： British Women Novelists From Bront~ to Lessing is a pioneering masterpiece in feminism studies. The book impresses the reader with Showalter＇s groundwork to revive the ...Elaine Showalter＇s A Literature of Their Own： British Women Novelists From Bront~ to Lessing is a pioneering masterpiece in feminism studies. The book impresses the reader with Showalter＇s groundwork to revive the interest in long-forgotten women writers in British literature history. Showalter＇s work is indeed a kind of rediscovery, mapping widely rather than mining deeply the territory of women＇s writing. In a sense, feminist criticism came of age with this book.展开更多
Emily Bronte's is an mysterious poet and novelist, her only powerful novel Wuthering Heights not only creates a harrowing tale of passion and tragedy with happy ending, but also shows a full picture of Victorian A...Emily Bronte's is an mysterious poet and novelist, her only powerful novel Wuthering Heights not only creates a harrowing tale of passion and tragedy with happy ending, but also shows a full picture of Victorian Age. In this romantic novel, Emily not only creates Gothic atmosphere, but also explores some major themes of love and passion, revenge, nature and culture, religion. They are violating Victorian values and tastes. Actually, Wuthering Heights is no more than an autobiography of Emily herself. Through it, Emily's gloomy psyche, mysterious life and Victorian social criticism are better expressed.展开更多
Charlotte Bronte is a British writer of critical realism, a shining star in the history of English literature in nineteenth century. She wins a worldwide reputation for her masterpiece Jane Eyre. Miles Franklin is an ...Charlotte Bronte is a British writer of critical realism, a shining star in the history of English literature in nineteenth century. She wins a worldwide reputation for her masterpiece Jane Eyre. Miles Franklin is an outstanding Australian woman writer in twentieth century. Her first novel, My Brilliant Career is recognized as a symbol of Australian nationalism. This article aims to conduct a comparative study of the commonness between the two female writers.展开更多
Before the Victorian era,it was rare for women to be authors and writers to fix the protagonists of their works as female characters.However,in the 19^(th)century,there was a rapid increase of women writers and emphas...Before the Victorian era,it was rare for women to be authors and writers to fix the protagonists of their works as female characters.However,in the 19^(th)century,there was a rapid increase of women writers and emphasis on feminist consciousness.Among all the works of women writers,Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights which were written by the Bronte sisters were distinctive.The Bronte sisters conveyed their feminist consciousness and described the society in their works.Both works emphasized romantic relationships as the narrative thread.By shaping the female characters in their works as self-reliant women who fought for equivalence and freedom in the era where male chauvinism occupied leadership roles,the Bronte sisters conveyed their eagerness for freedom,equality,and their feminist consciousness.This paper combines features of the Victorian era and the Bronte sisters’life experiences to analyze feminist consciousness in these two works and make comparisons between them.展开更多
The concept of equivalence,which expresses the relations between the source text and the target text in the translation process,can be defined as finding the closest equivalent of the source text in the target text.In...The concept of equivalence,which expresses the relations between the source text and the target text in the translation process,can be defined as finding the closest equivalent of the source text in the target text.In order for the translated text to have the same taste in the target language,the equivalence between the two languages should be good.Many novels have been translated from English to Arabic.This translation was translated from English to Arabic.Jane Eyre is in the Victorian England.The novel is about love between two people of different classes,underlining the pressures,class distinction,male domination in society.Jane Eyre,who was one of the first novels about women’s freedom and rights,is also one of the most important works of romanticism.The author was inspired by his own life.In this study,language plays in Arabic translation of famous novelist Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre were examined in terms of equivalence.In addition to semantic,syntactic,linguistic,and stylistic dimensions,translation of language games such as proverb,idiom,metaphor,personification,and comparison,which are the main material of a decorated language,is emphasized and their equivalence is interpreted in the light of the theories of translation.The analysis of the selected sample sentences from the novel within the context of translation criticism shows that the translator preserves the form and content of the source text in a significant way and provides a translation equivalent to the original in terms of linguistic,syntactic,and semantic.The Arabic reader seems to be able to understand the language games in English in a similar way in their own language.展开更多
This paper mainly focuses on the respective character of the main protagonists in the novel Jane Eyre.First of all,this paper analyses Jane Eyre's personality which account for her plain appearance-being true,bein...This paper mainly focuses on the respective character of the main protagonists in the novel Jane Eyre.First of all,this paper analyses Jane Eyre's personality which account for her plain appearance-being true,being benevolent and generous.And it follows the moral growth of Jane Eyre.Secondly it explores Rochester's unusual background and past,which causes both Jane and his physical and spiritual torment.Moreover,the paper analyses John,Jane's cousin,who has adampening,frigid influence on Jane's passionate nature.In addition,it attaches great importance to the symbolism of the air and names in the novel.By contrast of the protagonists and their respective ending,the paper tells that the best policy for women or the whole human beings is to be independent and equal,which is fated to vanquish all evils and difficulties.展开更多
Jane Eyre is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte, famous realistic novelist of Britain in the 19th century. It portraits a woman who is brave enough to revolt, fight for freedom and equal position successfully. This p...Jane Eyre is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte, famous realistic novelist of Britain in the 19th century. It portraits a woman who is brave enough to revolt, fight for freedom and equal position successfully. This paper attempts to analyze Jane＇s spirit of revolt through three aspects： background, activity and significance.展开更多
Wuthering Heights has been one of the most famous novels in English literature. Emily's writing skills are worth the exploration. She can successfully handle the events out of chronological order; she can master t...Wuthering Heights has been one of the most famous novels in English literature. Emily's writing skills are worth the exploration. She can successfully handle the events out of chronological order; she can master the multiple narrator technique; she can create such repetitions of plots and she can design many meaningful symbols. No wonder why Wuthering Heights is in the a high position in the world literature.展开更多
A writer always has reasons or experiences to create a literary work.But Emily Bronte as a woman having no personal experiences of love,hatred and revenge,could still create such a poetic novel of passion as Wuthering...A writer always has reasons or experiences to create a literary work.But Emily Bronte as a woman having no personal experiences of love,hatred and revenge,could still create such a poetic novel of passion as Wuthering Heights.That is an enigma even a miracle,but it is related to the inspiration sources of her creating this novel.展开更多
Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous English writer Charlotte Bronte's in 19 th century. From its coming into being,it has appealed a lot of literary critics to explore the heroine, Jane Eyre. Their opinions a...Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous English writer Charlotte Bronte's in 19 th century. From its coming into being,it has appealed a lot of literary critics to explore the heroine, Jane Eyre. Their opinions are positive, negative, or they study it from different aspects. So it's very necessary to have a review about these different views in order that readers can understand it more clearly. This essay attempts to summarize these different literary critics in the recent years in China, mainly from Jane Eyre's characters, and through the approaches of feminism, religious consciousness, and comparison with other females.展开更多
In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte portrays the love story between Catherine and Heathcliff whose sincere love is killed for their different social status and only prevails beyond the real world. The roles of symbols ...In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte portrays the love story between Catherine and Heathcliff whose sincere love is killed for their different social status and only prevails beyond the real world. The roles of symbols in revealing this theme will be traced in this article.展开更多
Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of English novelist Charlotte Bront?during the Victorian Age.This thesis tends to analyze the connection between the heroine Jane and the author in terms of their life experiences and charac...Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of English novelist Charlotte Bront?during the Victorian Age.This thesis tends to analyze the connection between the heroine Jane and the author in terms of their life experiences and characteristics,including childhood,marriage and love by employing the archetypal approach.And from this perspective,the readers can also have a glimpse of the book’s various themes.展开更多
The aim of this study is to have an analysis of the plot and the characters in the novel,Agnes Grey,in terms of the perspectives of education and culture.Anne Brontë’s first novel focuses on the life of Agnes,wh...The aim of this study is to have an analysis of the plot and the characters in the novel,Agnes Grey,in terms of the perspectives of education and culture.Anne Brontë’s first novel focuses on the life of Agnes,who is a young governess living in the Victorian era.In the novel,the narrative shows a period of time in English literature,when industrialization has a significant impact on the aspects such as social life and education,in a way in which women experienced many kinds of struggles for holding on to their lives and reaching their dreams.Agnes Grey,the main character of the novel,came from a middle-class family.She lived to tell the adventures of starting her career as a governess,and the difficulties she experienced.It didn’t take long for Agnes,who started her first experience with the Bloomfield family,to face the rich upper-class culture and see the difficulties in educating children from another social class.The Murray family,with whom she stayed for a longer time,was the place where Agnes gained expression that extended into the adulthood.Agnes’teaching shows not only a kind of class struggle,but also a balance between the dialectical poles of the ideal and the reality.Agnes returned,in her adulthood,to her family with her teaching experiences.By keeping a concept of love in her mind,Agnes would be able to have the sense of reality in which culture and education came to offer.展开更多
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall,firstly published in 1848,was the second and final novel of Anne Brontë,the youngest of the Brontësisters,telling a story of the mysterious young widow Helen Huntingdon,who flees ...The Tenant of Wildfell Hall,firstly published in 1848,was the second and final novel of Anne Brontë,the youngest of the Brontësisters,telling a story of the mysterious young widow Helen Huntingdon,who flees her abusive husband and hides with her son at Wildfell Hall.Just as most contemporary critic defines it as one of the first feminist novels,the overall characterization of Helen sends a strong message of the empowerment of women.What confuses modern readers,however,is the subtle confrontation between the empowerment and its subversion.Thus,this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the text concerning Anne's empow⁃erment of Helen and the corresponding subversion of the established empowerment before unveiling the fundamental cause of such arrangement with a view of shedding light on the comprehension of Anne Brontë's belief in universal social issues.展开更多
This study aimed to assess the fermentability of a pistachio-based beverage.The effects of lactic acid fermen-tation on the odor profile and the stability of the beverage were also assessed.To this end,a procedure for...This study aimed to assess the fermentability of a pistachio-based beverage.The effects of lactic acid fermen-tation on the odor profile and the stability of the beverage were also assessed.To this end,a procedure for obtaining a pistachio beverage was developed,and the nutritional composition of the beverage was obtained.The beverage was characterized by a high content of fiber(2.9%),fat(4.6%),and protein(2%),and contained high amounts of K and Mg.For the experiment,43 cultures of the following lactic acid bacteria were used:Companilactibacillus paralimentarius,Companilactibacillus kimchi,Levilactibacillus brevis,Lactiplantibacillu pentosus,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum,Latilactobacillus curvatus,Leuconostoc pseudome-senteroides,and Furfurilactobacillus rossiae.The cultures were evaluated for the following technological charac-teristics:i)growth and acidifying activity,ii)production of exopolysaccharides;iii)presence of histidine decarboxylase(hdcA)gene;iv)antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua.The cultures were used in model pistachio-based fermentations to assess their ability to grow and acidify.The odor profile of the beverage after 24 h fermentation was assessed using an electronic nose system(E-nose).The pistachio-based beverage resulted an optimal substrate for lactic acid bacteria that reached loads between 8 and 10 log CFU/mL and acidified the beverage to pH values between 4 and 5.5.In the beverage,viable counts of all cultures remained above 8 log CFU/mL after 30 days of storage at 4℃.The E-nose analysis represented a valid screening method to evaluate the effects of the fermentative activity of microbial starters on the qualitative characteristics of this novel food matrix.展开更多
文摘This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are rich in fat, protein, dietary fiber, trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Na). Lipids mainly consist of MUFA (33.8 g/100g), primarily oleic acid (32.4 g/ 100g);PUFA is mostly represented by linoleic acid (7.49 g/100g). Bronte’s pistachios are also a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols (501.5 mg/100g), lutein (1.26 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.18 mg/100g), γ-tocopherol (19.2 mg/100g) and phytosterols (134.4 mg/100g). Among phytosterols, the main is β-sitosterol (86% of total content), followed by Δ5-avenasterol (6.3%). Phytic acid content is 1763 mg/100g;Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5,)P5 have been detected too (31 mg/100g and 10 mg/100g, respectively). The antioxidant activity was determined both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction of pistachios, showing >80% of the total antioxidant activity in the hydrophilic, predominately due to phenolic compounds.
文摘Elaine Showalter＇s A Literature of Their Own： British Women Novelists From Bront~ to Lessing is a pioneering masterpiece in feminism studies. The book impresses the reader with Showalter＇s groundwork to revive the interest in long-forgotten women writers in British literature history. Showalter＇s work is indeed a kind of rediscovery, mapping widely rather than mining deeply the territory of women＇s writing. In a sense, feminist criticism came of age with this book.
文摘Emily Bronte's is an mysterious poet and novelist, her only powerful novel Wuthering Heights not only creates a harrowing tale of passion and tragedy with happy ending, but also shows a full picture of Victorian Age. In this romantic novel, Emily not only creates Gothic atmosphere, but also explores some major themes of love and passion, revenge, nature and culture, religion. They are violating Victorian values and tastes. Actually, Wuthering Heights is no more than an autobiography of Emily herself. Through it, Emily's gloomy psyche, mysterious life and Victorian social criticism are better expressed.
文摘Charlotte Bronte is a British writer of critical realism, a shining star in the history of English literature in nineteenth century. She wins a worldwide reputation for her masterpiece Jane Eyre. Miles Franklin is an outstanding Australian woman writer in twentieth century. Her first novel, My Brilliant Career is recognized as a symbol of Australian nationalism. This article aims to conduct a comparative study of the commonness between the two female writers.
文摘Before the Victorian era,it was rare for women to be authors and writers to fix the protagonists of their works as female characters.However,in the 19^(th)century,there was a rapid increase of women writers and emphasis on feminist consciousness.Among all the works of women writers,Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights which were written by the Bronte sisters were distinctive.The Bronte sisters conveyed their feminist consciousness and described the society in their works.Both works emphasized romantic relationships as the narrative thread.By shaping the female characters in their works as self-reliant women who fought for equivalence and freedom in the era where male chauvinism occupied leadership roles,the Bronte sisters conveyed their eagerness for freedom,equality,and their feminist consciousness.This paper combines features of the Victorian era and the Bronte sisters’life experiences to analyze feminist consciousness in these two works and make comparisons between them.
文摘The concept of equivalence,which expresses the relations between the source text and the target text in the translation process,can be defined as finding the closest equivalent of the source text in the target text.In order for the translated text to have the same taste in the target language,the equivalence between the two languages should be good.Many novels have been translated from English to Arabic.This translation was translated from English to Arabic.Jane Eyre is in the Victorian England.The novel is about love between two people of different classes,underlining the pressures,class distinction,male domination in society.Jane Eyre,who was one of the first novels about women’s freedom and rights,is also one of the most important works of romanticism.The author was inspired by his own life.In this study,language plays in Arabic translation of famous novelist Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre were examined in terms of equivalence.In addition to semantic,syntactic,linguistic,and stylistic dimensions,translation of language games such as proverb,idiom,metaphor,personification,and comparison,which are the main material of a decorated language,is emphasized and their equivalence is interpreted in the light of the theories of translation.The analysis of the selected sample sentences from the novel within the context of translation criticism shows that the translator preserves the form and content of the source text in a significant way and provides a translation equivalent to the original in terms of linguistic,syntactic,and semantic.The Arabic reader seems to be able to understand the language games in English in a similar way in their own language.
文摘This paper mainly focuses on the respective character of the main protagonists in the novel Jane Eyre.First of all,this paper analyses Jane Eyre's personality which account for her plain appearance-being true,being benevolent and generous.And it follows the moral growth of Jane Eyre.Secondly it explores Rochester's unusual background and past,which causes both Jane and his physical and spiritual torment.Moreover,the paper analyses John,Jane's cousin,who has adampening,frigid influence on Jane's passionate nature.In addition,it attaches great importance to the symbolism of the air and names in the novel.By contrast of the protagonists and their respective ending,the paper tells that the best policy for women or the whole human beings is to be independent and equal,which is fated to vanquish all evils and difficulties.
文摘Jane Eyre is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte, famous realistic novelist of Britain in the 19th century. It portraits a woman who is brave enough to revolt, fight for freedom and equal position successfully. This paper attempts to analyze Jane＇s spirit of revolt through three aspects： background, activity and significance.
文摘Wuthering Heights has been one of the most famous novels in English literature. Emily's writing skills are worth the exploration. She can successfully handle the events out of chronological order; she can master the multiple narrator technique; she can create such repetitions of plots and she can design many meaningful symbols. No wonder why Wuthering Heights is in the a high position in the world literature.
文摘A writer always has reasons or experiences to create a literary work.But Emily Bronte as a woman having no personal experiences of love,hatred and revenge,could still create such a poetic novel of passion as Wuthering Heights.That is an enigma even a miracle,but it is related to the inspiration sources of her creating this novel.
文摘Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous English writer Charlotte Bronte's in 19 th century. From its coming into being,it has appealed a lot of literary critics to explore the heroine, Jane Eyre. Their opinions are positive, negative, or they study it from different aspects. So it's very necessary to have a review about these different views in order that readers can understand it more clearly. This essay attempts to summarize these different literary critics in the recent years in China, mainly from Jane Eyre's characters, and through the approaches of feminism, religious consciousness, and comparison with other females.
文摘In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte portrays the love story between Catherine and Heathcliff whose sincere love is killed for their different social status and only prevails beyond the real world. The roles of symbols in revealing this theme will be traced in this article.
文摘Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of English novelist Charlotte Bront?during the Victorian Age.This thesis tends to analyze the connection between the heroine Jane and the author in terms of their life experiences and characteristics,including childhood,marriage and love by employing the archetypal approach.And from this perspective,the readers can also have a glimpse of the book’s various themes.
文摘The aim of this study is to have an analysis of the plot and the characters in the novel,Agnes Grey,in terms of the perspectives of education and culture.Anne Brontë’s first novel focuses on the life of Agnes,who is a young governess living in the Victorian era.In the novel,the narrative shows a period of time in English literature,when industrialization has a significant impact on the aspects such as social life and education,in a way in which women experienced many kinds of struggles for holding on to their lives and reaching their dreams.Agnes Grey,the main character of the novel,came from a middle-class family.She lived to tell the adventures of starting her career as a governess,and the difficulties she experienced.It didn’t take long for Agnes,who started her first experience with the Bloomfield family,to face the rich upper-class culture and see the difficulties in educating children from another social class.The Murray family,with whom she stayed for a longer time,was the place where Agnes gained expression that extended into the adulthood.Agnes’teaching shows not only a kind of class struggle,but also a balance between the dialectical poles of the ideal and the reality.Agnes returned,in her adulthood,to her family with her teaching experiences.By keeping a concept of love in her mind,Agnes would be able to have the sense of reality in which culture and education came to offer.
文摘The Tenant of Wildfell Hall,firstly published in 1848,was the second and final novel of Anne Brontë,the youngest of the Brontësisters,telling a story of the mysterious young widow Helen Huntingdon,who flees her abusive husband and hides with her son at Wildfell Hall.Just as most contemporary critic defines it as one of the first feminist novels,the overall characterization of Helen sends a strong message of the empowerment of women.What confuses modern readers,however,is the subtle confrontation between the empowerment and its subversion.Thus,this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the text concerning Anne's empow⁃erment of Helen and the corresponding subversion of the established empowerment before unveiling the fundamental cause of such arrangement with a view of shedding light on the comprehension of Anne Brontë's belief in universal social issues.
基金funded by Bilateral project between ISA-CNR e Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos(CONICET-UNLP-CIC Buenos Aires)entitled“Development of func-tional pistachio-based fermented beverage”(SAC.AD002.001.024)partially supported by the project“BioMemory-Network of scien-tific collections for bio-monitoring,biodiversity conservation,agri-food and environmental sustainability,and well-being”(https://biomemory.cnr.it)funded by the Department of Biology,Agriculture and Food Sci-ences(DiSBA),National Research Council of Italy(CNR),project no.SAC.AD002.173.
文摘This study aimed to assess the fermentability of a pistachio-based beverage.The effects of lactic acid fermen-tation on the odor profile and the stability of the beverage were also assessed.To this end,a procedure for obtaining a pistachio beverage was developed,and the nutritional composition of the beverage was obtained.The beverage was characterized by a high content of fiber(2.9%),fat(4.6%),and protein(2%),and contained high amounts of K and Mg.For the experiment,43 cultures of the following lactic acid bacteria were used:Companilactibacillus paralimentarius,Companilactibacillus kimchi,Levilactibacillus brevis,Lactiplantibacillu pentosus,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum,Latilactobacillus curvatus,Leuconostoc pseudome-senteroides,and Furfurilactobacillus rossiae.The cultures were evaluated for the following technological charac-teristics:i)growth and acidifying activity,ii)production of exopolysaccharides;iii)presence of histidine decarboxylase(hdcA)gene;iv)antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua.The cultures were used in model pistachio-based fermentations to assess their ability to grow and acidify.The odor profile of the beverage after 24 h fermentation was assessed using an electronic nose system(E-nose).The pistachio-based beverage resulted an optimal substrate for lactic acid bacteria that reached loads between 8 and 10 log CFU/mL and acidified the beverage to pH values between 4 and 5.5.In the beverage,viable counts of all cultures remained above 8 log CFU/mL after 30 days of storage at 4℃.The E-nose analysis represented a valid screening method to evaluate the effects of the fermentative activity of microbial starters on the qualitative characteristics of this novel food matrix.
