This work proposes a computational algorithm to improve the determination of the timing of the respiratory phases.The algorithm was developed using a database of breathing sound signals acquired through properly posit...This work proposes a computational algorithm to improve the determination of the timing of the respiratory phases.The algorithm was developed using a database of breathing sound signals acquired through properly positioned face masks and electret microphones.Most of the proposed works use the frequency domain and decimation in time to detect the respiratory period and phases,as well as some specific pathology.In this work the processing applied is only in time without applying decimation,thus improving the detection of a greater number of respiratory periods.The segmentation is very important since it allows the isolation of phases of the signal to later detect some pathology or to estimate the volume of inspired and exhaled air.The proposed algorithm involves the extraction of signal envelopes with the use of high selectivity filters without decimation and adaptive normalization processes that aim to achieve an adequate detection.In the validation process,the algorithm detection results were compared with the timing of respiratory periods and phases marked by visual inspection.The results show a maximum error of 4.36%for the respiratory period and 3.23%and 3.09%for the expiration and inspiration times,respectively.展开更多
Inspired by the recent discovery of breathing kagome materials Nb_(3)Cl_(8) and Nb_(3)TeCl_(7),we have explored the influence of the breathing effect on the Hubbard model of the kagome lattice.Utilizing the determinan...Inspired by the recent discovery of breathing kagome materials Nb_(3)Cl_(8) and Nb_(3)TeCl_(7),we have explored the influence of the breathing effect on the Hubbard model of the kagome lattice.Utilizing the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we first investigated the average sign problem in the breathing kagome lattice,which is influenced by both the breathing strength and the interaction strength.Secondly,we calculated the electronic kinetic energy,the direct current conductivity,and the electronic density of states at the Fermi level to determine the critical interaction strength for the metal-insulator transition.Our results indicate that the breathing effect,in conjunction with the interaction strength,drives the kagome system from a metal to an insulator.Finally,we evaluated the magnetic properties and constructed a phase diagram incorporating both transport and magnetic properties.The phase diagram reveals that as the interaction strength increases,the system transitions from a paramagnetic metal to a Mott insulator.Our research provides theoretical guidance for utilizing the breathing effect to control the band gaps,conductivity,and magnetic properties of kagome materials with electronic interactions.展开更多
Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure...Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure,to improve their cardiac function,relieve dyspnea,enhance their quality of life,and further enrich the research on the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation exercises for patients with chronic heart failure.Method:A total of 98 inpatients with chronic heart failure admitted to the hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional nursing,while the patients in the intervention group received the breathing exercise intervention program based on the self-efficacy theory in addition to the conventional nursing of the control group,with interventions conducted through guidance,psychological support,health education,and other methods.The conditions of patients in both groups before and after the intervention were observed.Results:After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the degree of dyspnea in patients of both groups,the main effect of intervention and the time effect on the degree of dyspnea were statistically significant(F=13.948,P<0.001;F=38.423,P<0.001).Moreover,there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor in both groups(F=113.763,P<0.001).In terms of increasing the 6-minute walking distance,the main effect and time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=7.371,P=0.008;F=459.405,P<0.001),and there was an interaction effect between the time factor and intervention factor in both groups(F=177.180,P<0.001).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the level of exercise self-efficacy,the main effect of intervention and the time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=6.860,P=0.01;F=25.133,P<0.001),and there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor(F=159.576,P<0.05).Conclusion:Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory is helpful to improve the sense of efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure,enable them to persist in breathing exercise for a long time,further alleviate their dyspnea,promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function,and enhance their quality of life.Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory can be used as a simple,home-based intervention method to provide corresponding help for patients with chronic heart failure during the rehabilitation period.展开更多
This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessmen...This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessment Form has been assessed as severe articulation disorder.The patient has significantly improved his speech function and quality of life after systematic head control training,respiratory function training,articulation motor training,and articulation training.In the course of treatment,emphasis was placed on head postural control training and respiratory function training,and emphasis was placed on the strength and coordination training of articulatory organs,and the results were remarkable.After the patient was discharged from the hospital,the follow-up of basic daily life communication was not limited.展开更多
A high-performance ammonia(NH3)sensor is prepared based on CeO_(2)/NiO composite,using a hydrothermal method.Experimental findings confirm that the CeO_(2)/NiO composite significantly enhances the performance of the N...A high-performance ammonia(NH3)sensor is prepared based on CeO_(2)/NiO composite,using a hydrothermal method.Experimental findings confirm that the CeO_(2)/NiO composite significantly enhances the performance of the NiO-based NH3 sensor.This improvement is primarily due to the increase in oxygen vacancies(Ov),chemically adsorbed oxygen(Oc),and the proportion of Ni3+on the surface of the CeO_(2)/NiO.The CeO_(2)/NiO sensor shows a high response to NH3,exhibiting response/recovery times of 1.8 s/0.9 s at the NH3 concentration of 5×10^(−6)mL/m^(3),with the theoretical lowest detection limit of 98.651×10^(−9)mL/m^(3).Additionally,the CeO_(2)/NiO sensor has been successfully applied in the simulated detection of Helicobacter pylori infection,highlighting its significant research value and potential application prospects in biomedical diagnostics.展开更多
Aim:To explore the clinical characteristics of reversible respiratory chain deficiency in infants and young children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a newborn with recurrent resp...Aim:To explore the clinical characteristics of reversible respiratory chain deficiency in infants and young children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a newborn with recurrent respiratory distress and elevated lactate levels,and relevant literature was reviewed.The patient,male,22 days old,had difficulty breathing,no weight gain,and symptoms such as shortness of breath and cyanosis after birth,which lasted for 68 days.There was no history of birth asphyxia rescue;Treatment with antibiotics,respiratory support,diuresis,acid correction,multiple vitamins,and levocarnitine did not improve symptoms;Gradual worsening of breathing difficulties accompanied by feeding difficulties and slow weight gain;Multiple rechecks of blood gas analysis indicate an increase in lactate levels.The laboratory results showed that the child in this case had obvious clinical manifestations of MD.Genetic examination showed MT-TE gene mutation,and the mother was a carrier of MT-TE gene mutation.Conclusion:In the face of recurrent respiratory distress accompanied by elevated lactate levels in newborns,when clinical manifestations of unexplained lactate levels,feeding difficulties,poor aspiration,reduced spontaneous activity,and low muscle tone occur,the possibility of mitochondrial disease should be considered,and genetic testing should be actively improved to clarify the diagnosis.This type of disease is different from other types of mitochondrial diseases.After active and effective treatment,the prognosis is good.The key is early diagnosis,reasonable treatment,timely development of reasonable treatment plans,reduction of complications,and improvement of the final prognosis of the child.展开更多
Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opport...Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opportunities for exploring novel topological phenomena and fascinating applications.Utilizing a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope,we construct breathing-kagome lattices with Fe adatoms on Ag(111)and investigate their electronic properties.We observe the higher-order topological boundary states in the topological phase but not in the trivial one,which is consistent with the theory.These states are found to be robust against the removal of bulk or edge adatoms.Further,we show the arbitrary positioning of these states either at corner,edge,or bulk sites by slightly modifying their neighbors.Our study not only demonstrates the formation and robustness of the electronic higher-order topological boundary states in real atomic systems but also provides a route for controlling their positions.展开更多
Breath tests are non-invasive tests and can detect H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> gases which are produced by bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed intestinal carbohydrate and are excreted in ...Breath tests are non-invasive tests and can detect H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> gases which are produced by bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed intestinal carbohydrate and are excreted in the breath. These tests are used in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and for measuring the orocecal transit time. Malabsorption of carbohydrates is a key trigger of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms such as diarrhea and/or constipation, bloating, excess flatulence, headaches and lack of energy. Abdominal bloating is a common nonspecific symptom which can negatively impact quality of life. It may reflect dietary imbalance, such as excess fiber intake, or may be a manifestation of IBS. However, bloating may also represent small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Patients with persistent symptoms of abdominal bloating and distension despite dietary interventions should be referred for H<sub>2</sub> breath testing to determine the presence or absence of bacterial overgrowth. If bacterial overgrowth is identified, patients are typically treated with antibiotics. Evaluation of IBS generally includes testing of other disorders that cause similar symptoms. Carbohydrate malabsorption (lactose, fructose, sorbitol) can cause abdominal fullness, bloating, nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea, which are similar to the symptoms of IBS. However, it is unclear if these digestive disorders contribute to or cause the symptoms of IBS. Research studies show that a proper diagnosis and effective dietary intervention significantly reduces the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS. Thus, diagnosis of malabsorption of these carbohydrates in IBS using a breath test is very important to guide the clinician in the proper treatment of IBS patients.展开更多
We have designed a breathing paced television;a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described sys...We have designed a breathing paced television;a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described system has been tested with control group who have watched the same video. Breathing rate reduction was significantly higher in active group (54.48% ± 8.34%) than in control group (6.84% ± 17.21%), however, the proposed method of watching television is obviously not as trivial as watching television per se.展开更多
The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile o...The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.展开更多
A micro direct methanol fuel cell （μDMFC） using MEMS technology is reported. The prototype features a unique 3D air-breathing cathode structure fabricated using KOH etching and double-side lithography. The optimiza...A micro direct methanol fuel cell （μDMFC） using MEMS technology is reported. The prototype features a unique 3D air-breathing cathode structure fabricated using KOH etching and double-side lithography. The optimization of the MEMS fabrication process is analyzed. The experimental results show the prototype generates a maximum power density of 2.52mW/cm^2 at room temperature. This performance is better than the published resuits of other silicon-based passive μDMFCs. Moreover,it is comparable with that of our previous active μDMFCs which require an external pump, certificating the feasibility of this new configuration.展开更多
Objective: To compare image quality and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of the normal pancreas parenchymas in breath-hold, respiratory-triggered and free-breathing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 3.0-Tesla. ...Objective: To compare image quality and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of the normal pancreas parenchymas in breath-hold, respiratory-triggered and free-breathing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 3.0-Tesla. Methods: DWI of the pancreas was performed at 3.0-Tesla in 21 healthy volunteers with breath-hold, respiratory-triggered and free-breathing using b-values of 0 and 500 s/mm2. For all three sequences, two readers assigned an image quality score to images at b0 and b500, and two independent readers measured ADCs for the head, body and tail of pancreas. Image quality scores and ADCs of pancreas in the three DWIs were compared. Results: For b0, image quality scores was not significantly different among the three sequences (p = 0.103). For b500, image quality score was significantly lower in free-breathing DWI than breath-hold or respiratory-triggered DWI (p = 0.000), and not significantly different between breath-hold and respiratory-triggered DWI (p = 0.212). Mean ADCs differed significantly among the anatomical regions with the lowest values measured in the pancreatic tail both at breath-hold and respiratory-triggered DWIs whereas no significant difference was found at free-breathing DWI. Conclusion: Breath-hold or respiratory-triggered technique provided DW images of pancreas with acceptable quality at 3.0-Tesla. Breath-hold is the preferred DWI technique for ADC measurements of pancreas.展开更多
Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the s...Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-f breathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at the water surface, and evolved to be part of the genetic makeup. If this interpretation was correct it could be expected that, differently from f, the heart rate （HR, beats/min） of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from that of terrestrial mammals and that their HR-fratio would be higher than in terrestrial species. Literature data for HR （beats/min） in mammals at rest were gathered for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic species. In aquatic mammals the allometric curve （HR=191 .M^18; M= body mass, kg） did not differ from that of terrestrial species （HR=212.M^-0.22） and their HR-fratio （on average 32±5） was much higher than in terrestrial species （5±1） （P〈0.0001）. The comparison of these HR allometric curves to those forfpreviously published indicated that the HR-fratio was body size-independent in terrestrial species while it increased significantly with M in aquatic species. The similarity in HR and differences in f between aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with the possibility that the lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface [Current Zoology 61（4）： 569-577, 2015].展开更多
AIM:To determine the effect of oral sumatriptan on gastric emptying using a continuous 13 C breath test(BreathID system).METHODS:Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized,2-way crossover study.The su...AIM:To determine the effect of oral sumatriptan on gastric emptying using a continuous 13 C breath test(BreathID system).METHODS:Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized,2-way crossover study.The subjects fasted overnight and were randomly assigned to receive a test meal(200 kcal/200 mL) 30 min after pre-medication with sumatriptan 50 mg(sumatriptan condition),or the test meal alone(control condition).Gastric emptying was monitored for 4 h after administration of the test meal by the 13 C-acetic acid breath test performed continually using the BreathID system.Then,using Oridion Research Software(β version),the time taken for emptying of 50% of the labeled meal(T 1/2) similar to the scintigraphy lag time for 10% emptying of the labeled meal(T lag),the gastric emptying coefficient(GEC),and the regression-estimated constants(β and κ) were calculated.The statistical significance of any differences in the parameters were analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test.RESULTS:In the sumatriptan condition,significant differences compared with the control condition were found in T 1/2 [median 131.84 min(range,103.13-168.70) vs 120.27 min(89.61-138.25);P = 0.0016],T lag [median 80.085 min(59.23-125.89) vs 61.11 min(39.86-87.05);P = 0.0125],and β [median 2.3374(1.6407-3.8209) vs 2.0847(1.4755-2.9269);P = 0.0284].There were no significant differences in the GEC or κ between the 2 conditions.CONCLUSION:This study showed that oral sumatriptan significantly delayed gastric emptying of a liquid meal.展开更多
基金Dirección de Investigación of Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas,Lima,Peru,for funding(No.UPC-DExpost-2021)and logistical support.
文摘This work proposes a computational algorithm to improve the determination of the timing of the respiratory phases.The algorithm was developed using a database of breathing sound signals acquired through properly positioned face masks and electret microphones.Most of the proposed works use the frequency domain and decimation in time to detect the respiratory period and phases,as well as some specific pathology.In this work the processing applied is only in time without applying decimation,thus improving the detection of a greater number of respiratory periods.The segmentation is very important since it allows the isolation of phases of the signal to later detect some pathology or to estimate the volume of inspired and exhaled air.The proposed algorithm involves the extraction of signal envelopes with the use of high selectivity filters without decimation and adaptive normalization processes that aim to achieve an adequate detection.In the validation process,the algorithm detection results were compared with the timing of respiratory periods and phases marked by visual inspection.The results show a maximum error of 4.36%for the respiratory period and 3.23%and 3.09%for the expiration and inspiration times,respectively.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12474218)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.1242022 and 1252022).
文摘Inspired by the recent discovery of breathing kagome materials Nb_(3)Cl_(8) and Nb_(3)TeCl_(7),we have explored the influence of the breathing effect on the Hubbard model of the kagome lattice.Utilizing the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we first investigated the average sign problem in the breathing kagome lattice,which is influenced by both the breathing strength and the interaction strength.Secondly,we calculated the electronic kinetic energy,the direct current conductivity,and the electronic density of states at the Fermi level to determine the critical interaction strength for the metal-insulator transition.Our results indicate that the breathing effect,in conjunction with the interaction strength,drives the kagome system from a metal to an insulator.Finally,we evaluated the magnetic properties and constructed a phase diagram incorporating both transport and magnetic properties.The phase diagram reveals that as the interaction strength increases,the system transitions from a paramagnetic metal to a Mott insulator.Our research provides theoretical guidance for utilizing the breathing effect to control the band gaps,conductivity,and magnetic properties of kagome materials with electronic interactions.
文摘Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure,to improve their cardiac function,relieve dyspnea,enhance their quality of life,and further enrich the research on the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation exercises for patients with chronic heart failure.Method:A total of 98 inpatients with chronic heart failure admitted to the hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional nursing,while the patients in the intervention group received the breathing exercise intervention program based on the self-efficacy theory in addition to the conventional nursing of the control group,with interventions conducted through guidance,psychological support,health education,and other methods.The conditions of patients in both groups before and after the intervention were observed.Results:After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the degree of dyspnea in patients of both groups,the main effect of intervention and the time effect on the degree of dyspnea were statistically significant(F=13.948,P<0.001;F=38.423,P<0.001).Moreover,there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor in both groups(F=113.763,P<0.001).In terms of increasing the 6-minute walking distance,the main effect and time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=7.371,P=0.008;F=459.405,P<0.001),and there was an interaction effect between the time factor and intervention factor in both groups(F=177.180,P<0.001).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the level of exercise self-efficacy,the main effect of intervention and the time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=6.860,P=0.01;F=25.133,P<0.001),and there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor(F=159.576,P<0.05).Conclusion:Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory is helpful to improve the sense of efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure,enable them to persist in breathing exercise for a long time,further alleviate their dyspnea,promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function,and enhance their quality of life.Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory can be used as a simple,home-based intervention method to provide corresponding help for patients with chronic heart failure during the rehabilitation period.
基金Teaching and Research Project of Anhui Urban Management Vocational College(Project No.:2024kfkc001)。
文摘This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessment Form has been assessed as severe articulation disorder.The patient has significantly improved his speech function and quality of life after systematic head control training,respiratory function training,articulation motor training,and articulation training.In the course of treatment,emphasis was placed on head postural control training and respiratory function training,and emphasis was placed on the strength and coordination training of articulatory organs,and the results were remarkable.After the patient was discharged from the hospital,the follow-up of basic daily life communication was not limited.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China“Preparation and application of self-powered carbon nitride/metal oxide humidity sensors”(2023D01C05).
文摘A high-performance ammonia(NH3)sensor is prepared based on CeO_(2)/NiO composite,using a hydrothermal method.Experimental findings confirm that the CeO_(2)/NiO composite significantly enhances the performance of the NiO-based NH3 sensor.This improvement is primarily due to the increase in oxygen vacancies(Ov),chemically adsorbed oxygen(Oc),and the proportion of Ni3+on the surface of the CeO_(2)/NiO.The CeO_(2)/NiO sensor shows a high response to NH3,exhibiting response/recovery times of 1.8 s/0.9 s at the NH3 concentration of 5×10^(−6)mL/m^(3),with the theoretical lowest detection limit of 98.651×10^(−9)mL/m^(3).Additionally,the CeO_(2)/NiO sensor has been successfully applied in the simulated detection of Helicobacter pylori infection,highlighting its significant research value and potential application prospects in biomedical diagnostics.
文摘Aim:To explore the clinical characteristics of reversible respiratory chain deficiency in infants and young children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a newborn with recurrent respiratory distress and elevated lactate levels,and relevant literature was reviewed.The patient,male,22 days old,had difficulty breathing,no weight gain,and symptoms such as shortness of breath and cyanosis after birth,which lasted for 68 days.There was no history of birth asphyxia rescue;Treatment with antibiotics,respiratory support,diuresis,acid correction,multiple vitamins,and levocarnitine did not improve symptoms;Gradual worsening of breathing difficulties accompanied by feeding difficulties and slow weight gain;Multiple rechecks of blood gas analysis indicate an increase in lactate levels.The laboratory results showed that the child in this case had obvious clinical manifestations of MD.Genetic examination showed MT-TE gene mutation,and the mother was a carrier of MT-TE gene mutation.Conclusion:In the face of recurrent respiratory distress accompanied by elevated lactate levels in newborns,when clinical manifestations of unexplained lactate levels,feeding difficulties,poor aspiration,reduced spontaneous activity,and low muscle tone occur,the possibility of mitochondrial disease should be considered,and genetic testing should be actively improved to clarify the diagnosis.This type of disease is different from other types of mitochondrial diseases.After active and effective treatment,the prognosis is good.The key is early diagnosis,reasonable treatment,timely development of reasonable treatment plans,reduction of complications,and improvement of the final prognosis of the child.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA140850,2022YFA1403601,and 2023YFC2410501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12241402,12474059,12274203,12374113,and 12274204)。
文摘Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opportunities for exploring novel topological phenomena and fascinating applications.Utilizing a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope,we construct breathing-kagome lattices with Fe adatoms on Ag(111)and investigate their electronic properties.We observe the higher-order topological boundary states in the topological phase but not in the trivial one,which is consistent with the theory.These states are found to be robust against the removal of bulk or edge adatoms.Further,we show the arbitrary positioning of these states either at corner,edge,or bulk sites by slightly modifying their neighbors.Our study not only demonstrates the formation and robustness of the electronic higher-order topological boundary states in real atomic systems but also provides a route for controlling their positions.
文摘Breath tests are non-invasive tests and can detect H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> gases which are produced by bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed intestinal carbohydrate and are excreted in the breath. These tests are used in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and for measuring the orocecal transit time. Malabsorption of carbohydrates is a key trigger of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms such as diarrhea and/or constipation, bloating, excess flatulence, headaches and lack of energy. Abdominal bloating is a common nonspecific symptom which can negatively impact quality of life. It may reflect dietary imbalance, such as excess fiber intake, or may be a manifestation of IBS. However, bloating may also represent small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Patients with persistent symptoms of abdominal bloating and distension despite dietary interventions should be referred for H<sub>2</sub> breath testing to determine the presence or absence of bacterial overgrowth. If bacterial overgrowth is identified, patients are typically treated with antibiotics. Evaluation of IBS generally includes testing of other disorders that cause similar symptoms. Carbohydrate malabsorption (lactose, fructose, sorbitol) can cause abdominal fullness, bloating, nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea, which are similar to the symptoms of IBS. However, it is unclear if these digestive disorders contribute to or cause the symptoms of IBS. Research studies show that a proper diagnosis and effective dietary intervention significantly reduces the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS. Thus, diagnosis of malabsorption of these carbohydrates in IBS using a breath test is very important to guide the clinician in the proper treatment of IBS patients.
文摘We have designed a breathing paced television;a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described system has been tested with control group who have watched the same video. Breathing rate reduction was significantly higher in active group (54.48% ± 8.34%) than in control group (6.84% ± 17.21%), however, the proposed method of watching television is obviously not as trivial as watching television per se.
文摘The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.
文摘A micro direct methanol fuel cell （μDMFC） using MEMS technology is reported. The prototype features a unique 3D air-breathing cathode structure fabricated using KOH etching and double-side lithography. The optimization of the MEMS fabrication process is analyzed. The experimental results show the prototype generates a maximum power density of 2.52mW/cm^2 at room temperature. This performance is better than the published resuits of other silicon-based passive μDMFCs. Moreover,it is comparable with that of our previous active μDMFCs which require an external pump, certificating the feasibility of this new configuration.
文摘Objective: To compare image quality and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of the normal pancreas parenchymas in breath-hold, respiratory-triggered and free-breathing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 3.0-Tesla. Methods: DWI of the pancreas was performed at 3.0-Tesla in 21 healthy volunteers with breath-hold, respiratory-triggered and free-breathing using b-values of 0 and 500 s/mm2. For all three sequences, two readers assigned an image quality score to images at b0 and b500, and two independent readers measured ADCs for the head, body and tail of pancreas. Image quality scores and ADCs of pancreas in the three DWIs were compared. Results: For b0, image quality scores was not significantly different among the three sequences (p = 0.103). For b500, image quality score was significantly lower in free-breathing DWI than breath-hold or respiratory-triggered DWI (p = 0.000), and not significantly different between breath-hold and respiratory-triggered DWI (p = 0.212). Mean ADCs differed significantly among the anatomical regions with the lowest values measured in the pancreatic tail both at breath-hold and respiratory-triggered DWIs whereas no significant difference was found at free-breathing DWI. Conclusion: Breath-hold or respiratory-triggered technique provided DW images of pancreas with acceptable quality at 3.0-Tesla. Breath-hold is the preferred DWI technique for ADC measurements of pancreas.
文摘Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-f breathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at the water surface, and evolved to be part of the genetic makeup. If this interpretation was correct it could be expected that, differently from f, the heart rate （HR, beats/min） of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from that of terrestrial mammals and that their HR-fratio would be higher than in terrestrial species. Literature data for HR （beats/min） in mammals at rest were gathered for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic species. In aquatic mammals the allometric curve （HR=191 .M^18; M= body mass, kg） did not differ from that of terrestrial species （HR=212.M^-0.22） and their HR-fratio （on average 32±5） was much higher than in terrestrial species （5±1） （P〈0.0001）. The comparison of these HR allometric curves to those forfpreviously published indicated that the HR-fratio was body size-independent in terrestrial species while it increased significantly with M in aquatic species. The similarity in HR and differences in f between aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with the possibility that the lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface [Current Zoology 61（4）： 569-577, 2015].
文摘AIM:To determine the effect of oral sumatriptan on gastric emptying using a continuous 13 C breath test(BreathID system).METHODS:Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized,2-way crossover study.The subjects fasted overnight and were randomly assigned to receive a test meal(200 kcal/200 mL) 30 min after pre-medication with sumatriptan 50 mg(sumatriptan condition),or the test meal alone(control condition).Gastric emptying was monitored for 4 h after administration of the test meal by the 13 C-acetic acid breath test performed continually using the BreathID system.Then,using Oridion Research Software(β version),the time taken for emptying of 50% of the labeled meal(T 1/2) similar to the scintigraphy lag time for 10% emptying of the labeled meal(T lag),the gastric emptying coefficient(GEC),and the regression-estimated constants(β and κ) were calculated.The statistical significance of any differences in the parameters were analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test.RESULTS:In the sumatriptan condition,significant differences compared with the control condition were found in T 1/2 [median 131.84 min(range,103.13-168.70) vs 120.27 min(89.61-138.25);P = 0.0016],T lag [median 80.085 min(59.23-125.89) vs 61.11 min(39.86-87.05);P = 0.0125],and β [median 2.3374(1.6407-3.8209) vs 2.0847(1.4755-2.9269);P = 0.0284].There were no significant differences in the GEC or κ between the 2 conditions.CONCLUSION:This study showed that oral sumatriptan significantly delayed gastric emptying of a liquid meal.
