Background:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors have transformed the management of hormone receptor–positive/HER2–negative(HR+/HER2–)advanced breast cancer,yet evidence for elderly or poor-performance pati...Background:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors have transformed the management of hormone receptor–positive/HER2–negative(HR+/HER2–)advanced breast cancer,yet evidence for elderly or poor-performance patients remains limited.This study examined real-world outcomes of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy in Asian patients,with additional subgroup analyses by age and performance status.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 46 consecutive Asian patients with recurrent or de novo HR+/HER2−breast cancer treated with first-line palbociclib plus ET between April 2021 and March 2025.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints included overall response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and safety.Subgroup analyses were performed by age(<70 vs.≥70 years)and performance status(PS;0–1 vs.2–3).Results:The median PFS was 26.6 months(range,1.4–69.5).Stratified by age,median PFS was 26.9 months in patients<70 years and 26.2 months in those≥70 years(p=0.760).By PS,PFS was 26.9 months for PS 0–1 and 17.8 months for PS 2–3(p=0.099).ORR was 60.9%and DCR 93.5%;notably,all PS 2–3 patients achieved disease control.Hematologic toxicities were common,with neutropenia(80.4%)and leukopenia(86.7%)predominating,but grade≥3 anemia was rare(2.2%).Elderly patients experienced anemia more frequently,while overall toxicity remained manageable.Dose reductions occurred in 47.8%without loss of efficacy.Conclusions:In routine Japanese practice,palbociclib plus ET provided prolonged PFS and high disease control consistent with pivotal trials and international real-world evidence.Importantly,elderly patients tolerated treatment well,and selected PS 2–3 patients also derived clinical benefit.These findings indicate that neither age nor PS alone should preclude the use of palbociclib in carefully monitored real-world patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Objectives:Breast cancer(BC)is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women,largely due to metastasis.This study aims to explore the role of purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP),a key enzyme in purine metabo...Objectives:Breast cancer(BC)is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women,largely due to metastasis.This study aims to explore the role of purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP),a key enzyme in purine metabolism,in the aggressiveness and metastatic behavior of BC.Methods:A comprehensive analysis was performed using in silico transcriptomic data(n=2509 patients),immunohistochemical profiling of BC tissues(n=103),and validation through western blotting in multiple BC cell lines.Gene expression and survival analyses were conducted using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER),Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2(GEPIA2),and the cBioPortal for cancer genomics(cBioPortal)platforms.Correlations between PNP and key epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers,molecular subtypes,tumor grades,and stages were examined.Results:PNP was significantly overexpressed in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)-positive and triple-negative BCs compared to luminal subtypes.High PNP levels were strongly associated with advanced BC stages,high-grade tumors,EMT phenotypes,and poor overall survival.Notably,HER-2 inhibition suppressed PNP expression,while PNP gene silencing induced HER-2 upregulation,revealing a reciprocal regulatory loop.Dual inhibition of PNP and HER-2 resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability compared to HER-2 inhibition alone.Conclusion:Collectively,PNP emerges as a promising biomarker of BC aggressiveness and progression.Its reciprocal interaction with HER-2 underscores its potential as a therapeutic target.Dual targeting of PNP and HER-2 may offer a novel strategy for improving outcomes in aggressive BC subtypes.展开更多
The integration of machine learning(ML)technology with Internet of Things(IoT)systems produces essential changes in healthcare operations.Healthcare personnel can track patients around the clock thanks to healthcare I...The integration of machine learning(ML)technology with Internet of Things(IoT)systems produces essential changes in healthcare operations.Healthcare personnel can track patients around the clock thanks to healthcare IoT(H-IoT)technology,which also provides proactive statistical findings and precise medical diagnoses that enhance healthcare performance.This study examines how ML might support IoT-based health care systems,namely in the areas of prognostic systems,disease detection,patient tracking,and healthcare operations control.The study looks at the benefits and drawbacks of several machine learning techniques for H-IoT applications.It also examines the fundamental problems,such as data security and cyberthreats,as well as the high processing demands that these systems face.Alongside this,the essay discusses the advantages of all the technologies,including machine learning,deep learning,and the Internet of Things,as well as the significant difficulties and problems that arise when integrating the technology into healthcare forecasts.展开更多
Male breast cancer(MBC)is rare,representing 0.5%–1%of all breast cancers,but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness.MBC typically presents in older men,is human epidermal growth factor ...Male breast cancer(MBC)is rare,representing 0.5%–1%of all breast cancers,but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness.MBC typically presents in older men,is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative and estrogen receptor(ER)-positive,and lacks routine screening,leading to delayed diagnosis and advanced disease.Major risk factors include hormonal imbalance,radiation exposure,obesity,alcohol use,and Breast Cancer Gene 1 and 2(BRCA1/2)mutations.Clinically,it may resemble gynecomastia but usually appears as a unilateral,painless mass or nipple discharge.Advances in imaging and liquid biopsy have enhanced early detection.Molecular mechanisms involve hormonal signaling,HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)pathways,tumor suppressor gene alterations,and epigenetic changes.While standard treatments mirror those for female breast cancer,emerging options such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6),and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,immunotherapy,and precision medicine are reshaping management.Incorporating artificial intelligence,molecular profiling,and male-specific clinical trials is essential to improve outcomes and bridge current diagnostic and therapeutic gaps.展开更多
Background:Therapeutic responses of breast cancer vary among patients and lead to drug resistance and recurrence due to the heterogeneity.Current preclinical models,however,are inadequate for predicting individual pat...Background:Therapeutic responses of breast cancer vary among patients and lead to drug resistance and recurrence due to the heterogeneity.Current preclinical models,however,are inadequate for predicting individual patient responses towards different drugs.This study aimed to investigate the patient-derived breast cancer culture models for drug sensitivity evaluations.Methods:Tumor and adjacent tissues from female breast cancer patients were collected during surgery.Patient-derived breast cancer cells were cultured using the conditional reprogramming technique to establish 2D models.The obtained patient-derived conditional reprogramming breast cancer(CRBC)cells were subsequently embedded in alginate-gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel microspheres to form 3D culture models.Comparisons between 2D and 3D models were made using immunohistochemistry(tumor markers),MTS assays(cell viability),flow cytometry(apoptosis),transwell assays(migration),and Western blotting(protein expression).Drug sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate patient-specific responses to anti-cancer agents.Results:2D and 3D culture models were successfully established using samples from eight patients.The 3D models retained histological and marker characteristics of the original tumors.Compared to 2D cultures,3D models exhibited increased apoptosis,enhanced drug resistance,elevated stem cell marker expression,and greater migration ability—features more reflective of in vivo tumor behavior.Conclusion:Patient-derived 3D CRBC models effectively mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and demonstrate stronger resistance to anti-cancer drugs than 2D models.These hydrogel-based models offer a cost-effective and clinically relevant platform for drug screening and personalized breast cancer treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide,with approximately 2.3 million new cases diagnosed annually.Breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)play pivotal roles in tumor initi...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide,with approximately 2.3 million new cases diagnosed annually.Breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)play pivotal roles in tumor initiation,progression,metastasis,therapeutic resistance,and disease recurrence.Cancer stem cells possess selfrenewal capacity,multipotent differentiation potential,and enhanced tumorigenic activity,but their molecular characteristics and regulatory mechanisms require further investigation.AIM To comprehensively characterize the molecular features of BCSCs through multiomics approaches,construct a prognostic prediction model based on stem cellrelated genes,reveal cell-cell communication networks within the tumor microenvironment,and provide theoretical foundation for personalized treatment strategies.METHODS Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of BCSC surface markers(CD34,CD45,CD29,CD90,CD105).Transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was utilized to screen key prognostic genes and construct a risk scoring model.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were applied to analyze tumor heterogeneity and spatial gene expression patterns.Cell-cell communication network analysis was conducted to reveal interactions between stem cells and the microenvironment.RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed the highest expression of CD105(96.30%),followed by CD90(68.43%)and CD34(62.64%),while CD29 showed lower expression(7.16%)and CD45 exhibited the lowest expression(1.19%).Transcriptomic analysis identified 3837 significantly differentially expressed genes(1478 upregulated and 2359 downregulated).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis selected 10 key prognostic genes,and the constructed risk scoring model effectively distinguished between high-risk and low-risk patient groups(P<0.001).Single-cell analysis revealed tumor cellular heterogeneity,and spatial transcriptomics demonstrated distinct spatial expression gradients of stem cell-related genes.MED18 gene showed significantly higher expression in malignant tissues(P<0.001)and occupied a central position in cell-cell communication networks,exhibiting significant correlations with tumor cells,macrophages,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.CONCLUSION This study comprehensively characterized the molecular features of BCSCs through multi-omics approaches,identified reliable surface markers and key regulatory genes,and constructed a prognostic prediction model with clinical application value.展开更多
BACKGROUNDCancer stem cells(CSCs)drive recurrence and therapeutic resistance in triplenegativebreast cancer(TNBC),a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype.Intratumoralhypoxia,a common feature of solid tumors,promotes...BACKGROUNDCancer stem cells(CSCs)drive recurrence and therapeutic resistance in triplenegativebreast cancer(TNBC),a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype.Intratumoralhypoxia,a common feature of solid tumors,promotes CSCs enrichment,yet the mechanisms sustaining CSCs stemness remain poorly understood.Hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species can oxidatively activate ataxia telangiectasiamutated(ATM)kinase(oxidized ATM,p-ATM)independently of DNA breaks.AIMTo investigate the role of hypoxia-induced oxidized ATM in sustaining TNBCCSCstemness through c-Myc-mediated regulation of one-carbon metabolism.METHODSHs578T and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells were cultured under normoxia or hypoxia.CSC stemness was assessed by mammosphere assays and flow cytometry.ATMactivity was assessed by pharmacological inhibition(Ku60019)and short hairpinRNA knockdown.c-Myc binding to serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2(SHMT2)and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2(MTHFD2)promoters was analyzedby dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation.NADPH/NADP+ratios were quantified,and metabolic reprogramming was profiledby liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics.RESULTSHypoxia significantly increased mammosphere formation in both Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells,as reflected byhigher numbers of mammospheres(Hs578T:214±18;MDA-MB-231:198±16;both P<0.01)and larger meandiameters(P<0.01).Hypoxia also elevated CD44+/CD24-cell proportions and stemness gene expression(P<0.01).Oxidized ATM was activated under hypoxia withoutγH2AX induction,confirming DNA damage independence.ATM inhibition reduced mammosphere growth and suppressed c-Myc,SHMT2,and MTHFD2.Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed direct c-Myc binding to SHMT2 and MTHFD2promoters,while mutation of the binding sites abolished promoter activity.NADPH/NADP+ratios were significantlyelevated under hypoxia but reduced following ATM inhibition(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed enrichmentof serine/glycine one-carbon pathways.CONCLUSIONHypoxia-induced oxidized ATM maintains TNBC-CSC stemness by promoting c-Myc-dependent upregulation ofMTHFD2 and SHMT2,linking hypoxia,redox signaling,and one-carbon metabolism.These findings suggest apotential therapeutic axis that could be exploited for TNBC treatment.展开更多
Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is highly aggressive and lacks an effective targeted therapy.This study aimed to elucidate the functions and possible mechanisms of action of zinc finger miz-type containin...Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is highly aggressive and lacks an effective targeted therapy.This study aimed to elucidate the functions and possible mechanisms of action of zinc finger miz-type containing 2(ZMIZ2)and minichromosome maintenance complex component 3(MCM3)in TNBC progression.Methods:The relationship between ZMIZ2 expression and clinical characteristics of TNBC was investigated.In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the role of ZMIZ2 dysregulation in TNBC cell malignant behaviors.The regulatory relationship between ZMIZ2 and MCM3 was also explored.Transcriptome sequencing was performed to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the ZMIZ2/MCM3 axis in TNBC.Results:High ZMIZ2 expression levels were associated with the malignant degree of TNBC.ZMIZ2 overexpression promoted TNBC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion;inhibited apoptosis;and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest,whereas knockdown of ZMIZ2 had the opposite effect.ZMIZ2 directly targeted and positively regulated MCM3 expression.MCM3 knockdown reversed the effect of ZMIZ2 overexpression on TNBC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.High MCM3 expression levels were linked to the degree of malignancy and poor prognosis in TNBC.The differentially expressed genes associated with the ZMIZ2/MCM3 axis were significantly enriched in multiple pathways,such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR),Wnt,and Ras signaling pathways,as verified by The Cancer Genome Atlas data.Conclusions:ZMIZ2 and MCM3 were highly expressed in TNBC.ZMIZ2 promoted the development by positively regulating MCM3 expression.Key pathways,such as the Ras/MAPK,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mTOR,and Wnt signaling pathways,may be key downstreammechanisms.展开更多
“Ruyong(breast abscess)”has a high incidence rate.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of this condition demonstrate significant advantages,including diverse therapeuticmethods,outstanding effica...“Ruyong(breast abscess)”has a high incidence rate.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of this condition demonstrate significant advantages,including diverse therapeuticmethods,outstanding efficacy,and high safety.Based on TCM theory and combining relevant ancient texts and modern research,this paper systematically summarizes the different understandings of“Ruyong(breast abscess)”by physicians throughout history in terms of disease names,etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment.The ancient names for Ruyong(breast abscess)were varied,also referred to as“Duru(stagnation in breast)”or“Naichuang(breast sore)”.Its symptoms are diverse,with the main clinical manifestations being localized redness,swelling,heat,pain,and poor milk discharge in the affected breast.The etiology is primarily attributed to“milk stasis”“liver qi stagnation and stomach heat”and“exposure to external pathogens”.Additionally,this paper summarizes the treatment experiences from ancient and modern medical texts and highlights the complementary effects of internal and external therapies.This study provides a reference for modern clinical understanding and treatment of“Ruyong(breast abscess)”in the hope of further improvement of clinical efficacy.展开更多
The principal breast cancer treatment approach has long been surgical removal of the primary breast lesions and regional lymph nodes,particularly the axillary lymph nodes.However,the advent of minimally invasive diagn...The principal breast cancer treatment approach has long been surgical removal of the primary breast lesions and regional lymph nodes,particularly the axillary lymph nodes.However,the advent of minimally invasive diagnostic techniques,such as sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB),has markedly diminished the extent of surgery required for regional lymph nodes.展开更多
In the era of precision medicine,the breast cancer surgical treatment field is gradually moving toward a de-escalation model.Through precise preoperative assessments and multidisciplinary decision-making,surgical trau...In the era of precision medicine,the breast cancer surgical treatment field is gradually moving toward a de-escalation model.Through precise preoperative assessments and multidisciplinary decision-making,surgical trauma can be decreased,and patients’quality of life can be improved by ensuring safety.Herein,we explore the axillary de-escalation surgery model for breast cancer.展开更多
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide.Emerging evidence highlights the central roles of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in tumor initiation,pr...Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide.Emerging evidence highlights the central roles of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in tumor initiation,progression,therapeutic resistance,and metastasis.BCSCs self-renew and drive intertumoral heterogeneity,while CTCs disseminate from primary tumors into the bloodstream,seeding distant sites.These populations share molecular features,including stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers,supporting the concept that a subset of CTCs acquires stem-like traits,enhancing metastatic potential and resistance to standard therapies.This review synthesizes current knowledge on BCSC molecular programs,key signaling pathways(e.g.,Wnt,Notch,Hedgehog,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription),and microenvironmental interactions that sustain stemness.It also examines mechanisms of CTC intravasation,state-dependent detection strategies,and their diagnostic and prognostic utility.We further highlight the adaptive plasticity of cancer stem celllike CTCs,their contributions to drug resistance,and opportunities to target these phenotypes for personalized treatment.Clarifying the biological links between BCSCs and CTCs could enable earlier detection of hidden metastasis and inform combination therapies aimed at both stemness and dissemination.As multimodal detection improves and functional profiling matures,integrating BCSC/CTC analyses into routine care may refine risk stratification and guide individualized management.展开更多
In order to solve the challenge of breast cancer region segmentation,we improved the U-Net.The convolutional block attention module with prioritized attention(CBAM-PA)and dilated transformer(Dformer)modules were desig...In order to solve the challenge of breast cancer region segmentation,we improved the U-Net.The convolutional block attention module with prioritized attention(CBAM-PA)and dilated transformer(Dformer)modules were designed to replace the convolutional layers at the encoding side in the base U-Net,the input logic of the U-Net was improved by dynamically adjusting the input size of each layer,and the short connections in the U-Net were replaced with crosslayer connections to enhance the image restoration capability at the decoding side.On the breast ultrasound images(BUSI)dataset,we obtain a Dice coefficient of 0.8031 and an intersection-over-union(IoU)value of 0.7362.The experimental results show that the proposed enhancement method effectively improves the accuracy and quality of breast cancer lesion region segmentation.展开更多
Mammary stem cells(MaSCs),endowed with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities,are crucial for mammary gland development,function,and disease initiation.Recent advances in MaSCs biology research enc...Mammary stem cells(MaSCs),endowed with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities,are crucial for mammary gland development,function,and disease initiation.Recent advances in MaSCs biology research encompass molecular marker identification,regulatory pathway dissection,and microenvironmental crosstalk.This review synthesizes key progress and remaining challenges in MaSC research.Molecular profiling advances have identified key markers recently,such as Procr,DII1,Bcl11b,and PD-L1.Central to their regulatory logic are evolutionarily conserved pathways,including Wnt,Notch,Hedgehog,and Hippo,which exhibit context-dependent thresholds to balance self-renewal and differentiation.Beyond intrinsic signaling,the dynamic interplay between MaSCs and their microenvironment,such as luminalderived Wnt4,macrophage-mediated TNF-α signaling,and adrenergic inputs from sympathetic nerves,spatially orchestrates stem cell behavior.In addition,this review also discusses the roles of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs) in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance,focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying MaSC transformation into BCSCs.Despite progress,challenges remain:human MaSCs functional assays lack standardization,pathway inhibitors risk off-target effects,and delivery systems lack precision.Emerging tools like spatial multi-omics,organoids,and biomimetic scaffolds address these gaps.By integrating MaSCs and BCSCs biology,this review links mechanisms to breast cancer and outlines strategies to target malignancy to accelerate clinical translation.展开更多
Current breast reconstruction evaluations mostly focus on static cosmetic analysis as a measure of the clinical outcomes.Moreover,it is essential to consider the dynamic changes in the reconstructed breast alongside a...Current breast reconstruction evaluations mostly focus on static cosmetic analysis as a measure of the clinical outcomes.Moreover,it is essential to consider the dynamic changes in the reconstructed breast alongside assessments of aesthetic symmetry,functional restoration,complication rates,and long-term stability of the reconstruction.This study aimed to assess the mobility of the reconstructed breast following various breast reconstruction techniques,specifically by comparing deep inferior epigastric perforator(DIEP) flaps and pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flaps.We conducted a longitudinal case study to investigate the changes in breast movement resulting from different surgical interventions.The comparison showed that DIEP flap reconstruction was more likely to achieve superior breast mobility outcomes than TRAM flap reconstruction.For a better breast aesthetic outcome,it is fundamental to improve the awareness of the dynamic evaluation of the reconstructed breast at the surgical strategy level.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of neck massage on increased breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers.Materials and Methods:The current study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted...Objective:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of neck massage on increased breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers.Materials and Methods:The current study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted among 60 primi postnatal mothers(30 in each group).Study was conducted at the Postnatal ward of IMS and SUM Hospital,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.Tools used were structured sociodemographic pro forma,structured breast milk adequacy questionnaire,and structured rating scale to assess the adequacy of breast milk production.The duration of the study is 1 year.All the postnatal mothers who were primigravida and undergone cesarean section were chosen as the sample through a convenience sampling technique.Then,the samples were assigned to the intervention group(receiving neck massage)and control group(receiving standard postnatal care).The data were collected and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS version 20.Results:The study resulted a significant difference between the pretest and posttest score of breast milk production after neck massage(P=0.000).The mean score of the posttest(2.90±0.36)is more than the mean score of the pretest(2.89±0.36)of the baby’s weight(P<0.001).Further,the number of urination and stool passed in 24 h was more in the intervention group than the control group(P<0.001).The Chi-square analysis showed statistical significance between breast milk production after neck massage with religion of the postnatal mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:The neck massage is found effective in improving the breast milk production among primi c-section mothers with improve newborn parameters.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the efficacy and safety of virtual reality(VR)in relieving negative emotions in patients with breast cancer with different personalities.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted.Betwee...Objectives:To explore the efficacy and safety of virtual reality(VR)in relieving negative emotions in patients with breast cancer with different personalities.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted.Between April 2023 and October 2023,we enrolled patients with breast cancer treated in the Department of Breast Cancer and Oncology at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangdong Province.The patients were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=118)and a control group(n=119)using block randomization.The intervention group received the VR intervention 3-5 times over 5±2 weeks using natural landscapes with music or relaxation guidance,and the duration of each VR intervention was 15±3 min.The control group received routine nursing care,including disease education and psychological counseling.Patients were assessed using the Type D Scale,Positive and Negative Affect Scale,and Distress Thermometer,and adverse events during the intervention were recorded.Results:Overall,85 patients completed the study(44 in the intervention group and 41 in the control group).Patients with Type D personalities showed more negative emotions[25.0(21.5,27.5)vs.19.0(16.0,24.0),P=0.001]and distressed attitudes[4.0(2.0,5.0)vs.3.0(1.0,4.0),P=0.020]with fewer positive emotions(27.2±5.6 vs.31.0±5.9,P=0.014)than those with non-Type D personalities.Total population analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups.However,in the subgroup analysis,patients with Type D personalities in the intervention group showed greater relief from negative emotions than those in the control group[median difference,-5.0(-9.0,-2.5)vs.-2.0(-4.0,2.0),P=0.046].No significant differences were found between groups of patients with non-Type D personality traits.The proportion of adverse events was not significantly different between groups(P=0.110).Conclusions:Breast cancer patients with Type D personalities suffer more severe negative emotions and distress,and more attention should be paid to them.VR intervention significantly and safely reduced negative emotions in patients with Type D personalities.展开更多
Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer type.It has a high recurrence rate,poor clinical prospects,and lack of predictive markers and potential treatment opt...Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer type.It has a high recurrence rate,poor clinical prospects,and lack of predictive markers and potential treatment options.Dysregulated microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in various cellular processes in TNBC.Moreover,variations in the miRNA levels in TNBC may act as a dependable indicator for predicting the effectiveness and specificity of treatments.Currently,the application of miRNAs for breast cancer therapy is primarily in the preclinical stage,with a focus on identifying highly specific and sensitive miRNAs that could offer new possibilities for early diagnosis,clinical treat-ment,and prognostic monitoring of TNBC.展开更多
Mammographic appearance of the normal breast is altered in the post-operative setting.It is essential to be aware of the normal findings as well as to identify features of recurrent disease with particular emphasis on...Mammographic appearance of the normal breast is altered in the post-operative setting.It is essential to be aware of the normal findings as well as to identify features of recurrent disease with particular emphasis on radiologicalpathological concordance.Digital breast tomosynthesis and volumetric breast density add incremental value in this clinical setting.We present a pictorial review of various cases to illustrate normal post-operative findings as well as mammographic features suspicious for recurrent disease.展开更多
文摘Background:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors have transformed the management of hormone receptor–positive/HER2–negative(HR+/HER2–)advanced breast cancer,yet evidence for elderly or poor-performance patients remains limited.This study examined real-world outcomes of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy in Asian patients,with additional subgroup analyses by age and performance status.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 46 consecutive Asian patients with recurrent or de novo HR+/HER2−breast cancer treated with first-line palbociclib plus ET between April 2021 and March 2025.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints included overall response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and safety.Subgroup analyses were performed by age(<70 vs.≥70 years)and performance status(PS;0–1 vs.2–3).Results:The median PFS was 26.6 months(range,1.4–69.5).Stratified by age,median PFS was 26.9 months in patients<70 years and 26.2 months in those≥70 years(p=0.760).By PS,PFS was 26.9 months for PS 0–1 and 17.8 months for PS 2–3(p=0.099).ORR was 60.9%and DCR 93.5%;notably,all PS 2–3 patients achieved disease control.Hematologic toxicities were common,with neutropenia(80.4%)and leukopenia(86.7%)predominating,but grade≥3 anemia was rare(2.2%).Elderly patients experienced anemia more frequently,while overall toxicity remained manageable.Dose reductions occurred in 47.8%without loss of efficacy.Conclusions:In routine Japanese practice,palbociclib plus ET provided prolonged PFS and high disease control consistent with pivotal trials and international real-world evidence.Importantly,elderly patients tolerated treatment well,and selected PS 2–3 patients also derived clinical benefit.These findings indicate that neither age nor PS alone should preclude the use of palbociclib in carefully monitored real-world patients.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金funded by Al Jalila Foundation-Research Grant(AJF2023-078)to SSMS.
文摘Objectives:Breast cancer(BC)is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women,largely due to metastasis.This study aims to explore the role of purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP),a key enzyme in purine metabolism,in the aggressiveness and metastatic behavior of BC.Methods:A comprehensive analysis was performed using in silico transcriptomic data(n=2509 patients),immunohistochemical profiling of BC tissues(n=103),and validation through western blotting in multiple BC cell lines.Gene expression and survival analyses were conducted using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER),Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2(GEPIA2),and the cBioPortal for cancer genomics(cBioPortal)platforms.Correlations between PNP and key epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers,molecular subtypes,tumor grades,and stages were examined.Results:PNP was significantly overexpressed in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)-positive and triple-negative BCs compared to luminal subtypes.High PNP levels were strongly associated with advanced BC stages,high-grade tumors,EMT phenotypes,and poor overall survival.Notably,HER-2 inhibition suppressed PNP expression,while PNP gene silencing induced HER-2 upregulation,revealing a reciprocal regulatory loop.Dual inhibition of PNP and HER-2 resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability compared to HER-2 inhibition alone.Conclusion:Collectively,PNP emerges as a promising biomarker of BC aggressiveness and progression.Its reciprocal interaction with HER-2 underscores its potential as a therapeutic target.Dual targeting of PNP and HER-2 may offer a novel strategy for improving outcomes in aggressive BC subtypes.
文摘The integration of machine learning(ML)technology with Internet of Things(IoT)systems produces essential changes in healthcare operations.Healthcare personnel can track patients around the clock thanks to healthcare IoT(H-IoT)technology,which also provides proactive statistical findings and precise medical diagnoses that enhance healthcare performance.This study examines how ML might support IoT-based health care systems,namely in the areas of prognostic systems,disease detection,patient tracking,and healthcare operations control.The study looks at the benefits and drawbacks of several machine learning techniques for H-IoT applications.It also examines the fundamental problems,such as data security and cyberthreats,as well as the high processing demands that these systems face.Alongside this,the essay discusses the advantages of all the technologies,including machine learning,deep learning,and the Internet of Things,as well as the significant difficulties and problems that arise when integrating the technology into healthcare forecasts.
文摘Male breast cancer(MBC)is rare,representing 0.5%–1%of all breast cancers,but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness.MBC typically presents in older men,is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative and estrogen receptor(ER)-positive,and lacks routine screening,leading to delayed diagnosis and advanced disease.Major risk factors include hormonal imbalance,radiation exposure,obesity,alcohol use,and Breast Cancer Gene 1 and 2(BRCA1/2)mutations.Clinically,it may resemble gynecomastia but usually appears as a unilateral,painless mass or nipple discharge.Advances in imaging and liquid biopsy have enhanced early detection.Molecular mechanisms involve hormonal signaling,HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)pathways,tumor suppressor gene alterations,and epigenetic changes.While standard treatments mirror those for female breast cancer,emerging options such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6),and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,immunotherapy,and precision medicine are reshaping management.Incorporating artificial intelligence,molecular profiling,and male-specific clinical trials is essential to improve outcomes and bridge current diagnostic and therapeutic gaps.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1515120053)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515140166).
文摘Background:Therapeutic responses of breast cancer vary among patients and lead to drug resistance and recurrence due to the heterogeneity.Current preclinical models,however,are inadequate for predicting individual patient responses towards different drugs.This study aimed to investigate the patient-derived breast cancer culture models for drug sensitivity evaluations.Methods:Tumor and adjacent tissues from female breast cancer patients were collected during surgery.Patient-derived breast cancer cells were cultured using the conditional reprogramming technique to establish 2D models.The obtained patient-derived conditional reprogramming breast cancer(CRBC)cells were subsequently embedded in alginate-gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel microspheres to form 3D culture models.Comparisons between 2D and 3D models were made using immunohistochemistry(tumor markers),MTS assays(cell viability),flow cytometry(apoptosis),transwell assays(migration),and Western blotting(protein expression).Drug sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate patient-specific responses to anti-cancer agents.Results:2D and 3D culture models were successfully established using samples from eight patients.The 3D models retained histological and marker characteristics of the original tumors.Compared to 2D cultures,3D models exhibited increased apoptosis,enhanced drug resistance,elevated stem cell marker expression,and greater migration ability—features more reflective of in vivo tumor behavior.Conclusion:Patient-derived 3D CRBC models effectively mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and demonstrate stronger resistance to anti-cancer drugs than 2D models.These hydrogel-based models offer a cost-effective and clinically relevant platform for drug screening and personalized breast cancer treatment.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Yongchuan District,No.2023yc-jckx20021.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide,with approximately 2.3 million new cases diagnosed annually.Breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)play pivotal roles in tumor initiation,progression,metastasis,therapeutic resistance,and disease recurrence.Cancer stem cells possess selfrenewal capacity,multipotent differentiation potential,and enhanced tumorigenic activity,but their molecular characteristics and regulatory mechanisms require further investigation.AIM To comprehensively characterize the molecular features of BCSCs through multiomics approaches,construct a prognostic prediction model based on stem cellrelated genes,reveal cell-cell communication networks within the tumor microenvironment,and provide theoretical foundation for personalized treatment strategies.METHODS Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of BCSC surface markers(CD34,CD45,CD29,CD90,CD105).Transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was utilized to screen key prognostic genes and construct a risk scoring model.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were applied to analyze tumor heterogeneity and spatial gene expression patterns.Cell-cell communication network analysis was conducted to reveal interactions between stem cells and the microenvironment.RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed the highest expression of CD105(96.30%),followed by CD90(68.43%)and CD34(62.64%),while CD29 showed lower expression(7.16%)and CD45 exhibited the lowest expression(1.19%).Transcriptomic analysis identified 3837 significantly differentially expressed genes(1478 upregulated and 2359 downregulated).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis selected 10 key prognostic genes,and the constructed risk scoring model effectively distinguished between high-risk and low-risk patient groups(P<0.001).Single-cell analysis revealed tumor cellular heterogeneity,and spatial transcriptomics demonstrated distinct spatial expression gradients of stem cell-related genes.MED18 gene showed significantly higher expression in malignant tissues(P<0.001)and occupied a central position in cell-cell communication networks,exhibiting significant correlations with tumor cells,macrophages,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.CONCLUSION This study comprehensively characterized the molecular features of BCSCs through multi-omics approaches,identified reliable surface markers and key regulatory genes,and constructed a prognostic prediction model with clinical application value.
文摘BACKGROUNDCancer stem cells(CSCs)drive recurrence and therapeutic resistance in triplenegativebreast cancer(TNBC),a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype.Intratumoralhypoxia,a common feature of solid tumors,promotes CSCs enrichment,yet the mechanisms sustaining CSCs stemness remain poorly understood.Hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species can oxidatively activate ataxia telangiectasiamutated(ATM)kinase(oxidized ATM,p-ATM)independently of DNA breaks.AIMTo investigate the role of hypoxia-induced oxidized ATM in sustaining TNBCCSCstemness through c-Myc-mediated regulation of one-carbon metabolism.METHODSHs578T and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells were cultured under normoxia or hypoxia.CSC stemness was assessed by mammosphere assays and flow cytometry.ATMactivity was assessed by pharmacological inhibition(Ku60019)and short hairpinRNA knockdown.c-Myc binding to serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2(SHMT2)and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2(MTHFD2)promoters was analyzedby dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation.NADPH/NADP+ratios were quantified,and metabolic reprogramming was profiledby liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics.RESULTSHypoxia significantly increased mammosphere formation in both Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells,as reflected byhigher numbers of mammospheres(Hs578T:214±18;MDA-MB-231:198±16;both P<0.01)and larger meandiameters(P<0.01).Hypoxia also elevated CD44+/CD24-cell proportions and stemness gene expression(P<0.01).Oxidized ATM was activated under hypoxia withoutγH2AX induction,confirming DNA damage independence.ATM inhibition reduced mammosphere growth and suppressed c-Myc,SHMT2,and MTHFD2.Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed direct c-Myc binding to SHMT2 and MTHFD2promoters,while mutation of the binding sites abolished promoter activity.NADPH/NADP+ratios were significantlyelevated under hypoxia but reduced following ATM inhibition(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed enrichmentof serine/glycine one-carbon pathways.CONCLUSIONHypoxia-induced oxidized ATM maintains TNBC-CSC stemness by promoting c-Myc-dependent upregulation ofMTHFD2 and SHMT2,linking hypoxia,redox signaling,and one-carbon metabolism.These findings suggest apotential therapeutic axis that could be exploited for TNBC treatment.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Health Science and Technology Ability Improvement Project(2023JL057).
文摘Objective:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is highly aggressive and lacks an effective targeted therapy.This study aimed to elucidate the functions and possible mechanisms of action of zinc finger miz-type containing 2(ZMIZ2)and minichromosome maintenance complex component 3(MCM3)in TNBC progression.Methods:The relationship between ZMIZ2 expression and clinical characteristics of TNBC was investigated.In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the role of ZMIZ2 dysregulation in TNBC cell malignant behaviors.The regulatory relationship between ZMIZ2 and MCM3 was also explored.Transcriptome sequencing was performed to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the ZMIZ2/MCM3 axis in TNBC.Results:High ZMIZ2 expression levels were associated with the malignant degree of TNBC.ZMIZ2 overexpression promoted TNBC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion;inhibited apoptosis;and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest,whereas knockdown of ZMIZ2 had the opposite effect.ZMIZ2 directly targeted and positively regulated MCM3 expression.MCM3 knockdown reversed the effect of ZMIZ2 overexpression on TNBC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.High MCM3 expression levels were linked to the degree of malignancy and poor prognosis in TNBC.The differentially expressed genes associated with the ZMIZ2/MCM3 axis were significantly enriched in multiple pathways,such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR),Wnt,and Ras signaling pathways,as verified by The Cancer Genome Atlas data.Conclusions:ZMIZ2 and MCM3 were highly expressed in TNBC.ZMIZ2 promoted the development by positively regulating MCM3 expression.Key pathways,such as the Ras/MAPK,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mTOR,and Wnt signaling pathways,may be key downstreammechanisms.
基金supported by 2024 Henan Provincial Special Research Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine(2024ZY2158)Henan Provincial Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine{Yuwei Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Education[2024]No.1}+1 种基金Key Disciplines of History and Literature of Chinese Medicine in Henan University of Chinese Medicine for the Year 2025{Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine Office[2025]No.13}National Chinese Medicine Advantage Specialty Construction Project{Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine Political Letter(2024)No.90}.
文摘“Ruyong(breast abscess)”has a high incidence rate.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of this condition demonstrate significant advantages,including diverse therapeuticmethods,outstanding efficacy,and high safety.Based on TCM theory and combining relevant ancient texts and modern research,this paper systematically summarizes the different understandings of“Ruyong(breast abscess)”by physicians throughout history in terms of disease names,etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment.The ancient names for Ruyong(breast abscess)were varied,also referred to as“Duru(stagnation in breast)”or“Naichuang(breast sore)”.Its symptoms are diverse,with the main clinical manifestations being localized redness,swelling,heat,pain,and poor milk discharge in the affected breast.The etiology is primarily attributed to“milk stasis”“liver qi stagnation and stomach heat”and“exposure to external pathogens”.Additionally,this paper summarizes the treatment experiences from ancient and modern medical texts and highlights the complementary effects of internal and external therapies.This study provides a reference for modern clinical understanding and treatment of“Ruyong(breast abscess)”in the hope of further improvement of clinical efficacy.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81672638 and W2421095)National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2024LMB011)Collaborative Academic Innovation Project of Shandong Cancer Hospital(Grant No.GF003)。
文摘The principal breast cancer treatment approach has long been surgical removal of the primary breast lesions and regional lymph nodes,particularly the axillary lymph nodes.However,the advent of minimally invasive diagnostic techniques,such as sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB),has markedly diminished the extent of surgery required for regional lymph nodes.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2024QH058).
文摘In the era of precision medicine,the breast cancer surgical treatment field is gradually moving toward a de-escalation model.Through precise preoperative assessments and multidisciplinary decision-making,surgical trauma can be decreased,and patients’quality of life can be improved by ensuring safety.Herein,we explore the axillary de-escalation surgery model for breast cancer.
文摘Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide.Emerging evidence highlights the central roles of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs)and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in tumor initiation,progression,therapeutic resistance,and metastasis.BCSCs self-renew and drive intertumoral heterogeneity,while CTCs disseminate from primary tumors into the bloodstream,seeding distant sites.These populations share molecular features,including stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers,supporting the concept that a subset of CTCs acquires stem-like traits,enhancing metastatic potential and resistance to standard therapies.This review synthesizes current knowledge on BCSC molecular programs,key signaling pathways(e.g.,Wnt,Notch,Hedgehog,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription),and microenvironmental interactions that sustain stemness.It also examines mechanisms of CTC intravasation,state-dependent detection strategies,and their diagnostic and prognostic utility.We further highlight the adaptive plasticity of cancer stem celllike CTCs,their contributions to drug resistance,and opportunities to target these phenotypes for personalized treatment.Clarifying the biological links between BCSCs and CTCs could enable earlier detection of hidden metastasis and inform combination therapies aimed at both stemness and dissemination.As multimodal detection improves and functional profiling matures,integrating BCSC/CTC analyses into routine care may refine risk stratification and guide individualized management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61961037)the Industrial Support Plan of Education Department of Gansu Province(No.2021CYZC-30)。
文摘In order to solve the challenge of breast cancer region segmentation,we improved the U-Net.The convolutional block attention module with prioritized attention(CBAM-PA)and dilated transformer(Dformer)modules were designed to replace the convolutional layers at the encoding side in the base U-Net,the input logic of the U-Net was improved by dynamically adjusting the input size of each layer,and the short connections in the U-Net were replaced with crosslayer connections to enhance the image restoration capability at the decoding side.On the breast ultrasound images(BUSI)dataset,we obtain a Dice coefficient of 0.8031 and an intersection-over-union(IoU)value of 0.7362.The experimental results show that the proposed enhancement method effectively improves the accuracy and quality of breast cancer lesion region segmentation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270837 and 32470849 to C.C.32400661 to M.Z.)the Key Research Project of Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study(B04006C023001 to C.C.).
文摘Mammary stem cells(MaSCs),endowed with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities,are crucial for mammary gland development,function,and disease initiation.Recent advances in MaSCs biology research encompass molecular marker identification,regulatory pathway dissection,and microenvironmental crosstalk.This review synthesizes key progress and remaining challenges in MaSC research.Molecular profiling advances have identified key markers recently,such as Procr,DII1,Bcl11b,and PD-L1.Central to their regulatory logic are evolutionarily conserved pathways,including Wnt,Notch,Hedgehog,and Hippo,which exhibit context-dependent thresholds to balance self-renewal and differentiation.Beyond intrinsic signaling,the dynamic interplay between MaSCs and their microenvironment,such as luminalderived Wnt4,macrophage-mediated TNF-α signaling,and adrenergic inputs from sympathetic nerves,spatially orchestrates stem cell behavior.In addition,this review also discusses the roles of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs) in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance,focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying MaSC transformation into BCSCs.Despite progress,challenges remain:human MaSCs functional assays lack standardization,pathway inhibitors risk off-target effects,and delivery systems lack precision.Emerging tools like spatial multi-omics,organoids,and biomimetic scaffolds address these gaps.By integrating MaSCs and BCSCs biology,this review links mechanisms to breast cancer and outlines strategies to target malignancy to accelerate clinical translation.
文摘Current breast reconstruction evaluations mostly focus on static cosmetic analysis as a measure of the clinical outcomes.Moreover,it is essential to consider the dynamic changes in the reconstructed breast alongside assessments of aesthetic symmetry,functional restoration,complication rates,and long-term stability of the reconstruction.This study aimed to assess the mobility of the reconstructed breast following various breast reconstruction techniques,specifically by comparing deep inferior epigastric perforator(DIEP) flaps and pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flaps.We conducted a longitudinal case study to investigate the changes in breast movement resulting from different surgical interventions.The comparison showed that DIEP flap reconstruction was more likely to achieve superior breast mobility outcomes than TRAM flap reconstruction.For a better breast aesthetic outcome,it is fundamental to improve the awareness of the dynamic evaluation of the reconstructed breast at the surgical strategy level.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of neck massage on increased breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers.Materials and Methods:The current study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted among 60 primi postnatal mothers(30 in each group).Study was conducted at the Postnatal ward of IMS and SUM Hospital,Bhubaneswar,Odisha.Tools used were structured sociodemographic pro forma,structured breast milk adequacy questionnaire,and structured rating scale to assess the adequacy of breast milk production.The duration of the study is 1 year.All the postnatal mothers who were primigravida and undergone cesarean section were chosen as the sample through a convenience sampling technique.Then,the samples were assigned to the intervention group(receiving neck massage)and control group(receiving standard postnatal care).The data were collected and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS version 20.Results:The study resulted a significant difference between the pretest and posttest score of breast milk production after neck massage(P=0.000).The mean score of the posttest(2.90±0.36)is more than the mean score of the pretest(2.89±0.36)of the baby’s weight(P<0.001).Further,the number of urination and stool passed in 24 h was more in the intervention group than the control group(P<0.001).The Chi-square analysis showed statistical significance between breast milk production after neck massage with religion of the postnatal mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:The neck massage is found effective in improving the breast milk production among primi c-section mothers with improve newborn parameters.
基金supported by a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Research on the integration of artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology to promote psychological rehabilitation of breast cancer patients with different personalities(project approval no.82073408).
文摘Objectives:To explore the efficacy and safety of virtual reality(VR)in relieving negative emotions in patients with breast cancer with different personalities.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted.Between April 2023 and October 2023,we enrolled patients with breast cancer treated in the Department of Breast Cancer and Oncology at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangdong Province.The patients were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=118)and a control group(n=119)using block randomization.The intervention group received the VR intervention 3-5 times over 5±2 weeks using natural landscapes with music or relaxation guidance,and the duration of each VR intervention was 15±3 min.The control group received routine nursing care,including disease education and psychological counseling.Patients were assessed using the Type D Scale,Positive and Negative Affect Scale,and Distress Thermometer,and adverse events during the intervention were recorded.Results:Overall,85 patients completed the study(44 in the intervention group and 41 in the control group).Patients with Type D personalities showed more negative emotions[25.0(21.5,27.5)vs.19.0(16.0,24.0),P=0.001]and distressed attitudes[4.0(2.0,5.0)vs.3.0(1.0,4.0),P=0.020]with fewer positive emotions(27.2±5.6 vs.31.0±5.9,P=0.014)than those with non-Type D personalities.Total population analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups.However,in the subgroup analysis,patients with Type D personalities in the intervention group showed greater relief from negative emotions than those in the control group[median difference,-5.0(-9.0,-2.5)vs.-2.0(-4.0,2.0),P=0.046].No significant differences were found between groups of patients with non-Type D personality traits.The proportion of adverse events was not significantly different between groups(P=0.110).Conclusions:Breast cancer patients with Type D personalities suffer more severe negative emotions and distress,and more attention should be paid to them.VR intervention significantly and safely reduced negative emotions in patients with Type D personalities.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(no.ZR2020MH319).
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer type.It has a high recurrence rate,poor clinical prospects,and lack of predictive markers and potential treatment options.Dysregulated microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in various cellular processes in TNBC.Moreover,variations in the miRNA levels in TNBC may act as a dependable indicator for predicting the effectiveness and specificity of treatments.Currently,the application of miRNAs for breast cancer therapy is primarily in the preclinical stage,with a focus on identifying highly specific and sensitive miRNAs that could offer new possibilities for early diagnosis,clinical treat-ment,and prognostic monitoring of TNBC.
文摘Mammographic appearance of the normal breast is altered in the post-operative setting.It is essential to be aware of the normal findings as well as to identify features of recurrent disease with particular emphasis on radiologicalpathological concordance.Digital breast tomosynthesis and volumetric breast density add incremental value in this clinical setting.We present a pictorial review of various cases to illustrate normal post-operative findings as well as mammographic features suspicious for recurrent disease.
