Brain-computer interface is a communication system that connects the brain with computer （or other devices） but is not dependent on the normal output of the brain （i.e., peripheral nerve and muscle）. Electro-oculo...Brain-computer interface is a communication system that connects the brain with computer （or other devices） but is not dependent on the normal output of the brain （i.e., peripheral nerve and muscle）. Electro-oculogram is a dominant artifact which has a significant negative influence on further analysis of real electroencephalography data. This paper presented a data adaptive technique for artifact suppression and brain wave extraction from electroencephalography signals to detect regional brain activities. Empirical mode decomposition based adaptive thresholding approach was employed here to suppress the electro-oculogram artifact. Fractional Gaussian noise was used to determine the threshold level derived from the analysis data without any training. The purified electroencephalography signal was composed of the brain waves also called rhythmic components which represent the brain activities. The rhythmic components were extracted from each electroencephalography channel using adaptive wiener filter with the original scale. The regional brain activities were mapped on the basis of the spatial distribution of rhythmic components, and the results showed that different regions of the brain are activated in response to different stimuli. This research analyzed the activities of a single rhythmic component, alpha with respect to different motor imaginations. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is very efficient in artifact suppression and identifying individual motor imagery based on the activities of alpha component.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space a...BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space and time similar to reality for exposure therapy techniques is increasing.AIM To examine exposure therapy using driving simulations in patients with PTSD due to traffic accidents with PTSD symptoms.METHODS The intervention was provided to two individuals who experienced PTSD symptoms after a traffic accident using a driving simulator.Among the singlesubject experimental designs,the ABA(baseline-intervention-baseline)design was used,and the PTSD checklist and brain wave frequency were used to measure the results.RESULTS In all participants,the standard category departure time of the electroencephalogram decreased from baseline,and PTSD symptoms decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of a driving simulator as an exposure treatment tool for PTSD.展开更多
In this paper we propose an efcient process of physiological artifact elimination methodology from brain waves(BW),which are also commonly known as electroencephalogram(EEG)signal.In a clinical environment during the ...In this paper we propose an efcient process of physiological artifact elimination methodology from brain waves(BW),which are also commonly known as electroencephalogram(EEG)signal.In a clinical environment during the acquisition of BW several artifacts contaminates the actual BW component.This leads to inaccurate and ambiguous diagnosis.As the statistical nature of the EEG signal is more non-stationery,adaptive ltering is the more promising method for the process of artifact elimination.In clinical conditions,the conventional adaptive techniques require many numbers of computational operations and leads to data samples overlapping and instability of the algorithm used.This causes delay in diagnosis and decision making.To overcome this problem in our work we propose to set a threshold value to diminish the problem of round off error.The resultant adaptive algorithm based on this strategy is Non-linear Least mean square(NL2MS)algorithm.Again,to improve this algorithm in terms of ltering capability we perform data normalization,using this algorithm several hybrid versions are developed to improve ltering and reduce computational operations.Using the method,a new signal enhancement unit(SEU)is realized and performance of various hybrid versions of algorithms examined using real EEG signals recorded from the subject.The ability of the proposed schemes is measured in terms of convergence,enhancement and multiplications required.Among various SEUs,the MCN2L 2MS algorithm achieves 14.6734,12.8732,10.9257,15.7790 dB during the artifact removal of RA,EMG,CSA and EBA components with only two multiplications.Hence,this algorithm seems to be better candidate for artifact elimination.展开更多
In his lifetime Franz Anton Mesmer was branded a charlatan by the scientific community on account of his claim of being able to cure many sickness and medical problems though animal magnetism.Notwithstanding this,alth...In his lifetime Franz Anton Mesmer was branded a charlatan by the scientific community on account of his claim of being able to cure many sickness and medical problems though animal magnetism.Notwithstanding this,although his specific claim to possess the power of animal magnetism has been discounted,his methods have had a vast influence in every branch of mental healing and spiritual healing and healing thru hypnotism as well as New Age techniques that involve not only―the power of suggestion‖but also the physical―laying on of hands.‖This article reviews Mesmer‘s techniques,and gives a broad overview of all the other branches of mental and spiritual healing where his methods are still used in one way or another,and presents recent scientific research that completely vindicates Mesmer‘s original claim to possess the power of being able to manipulate the―magnetic fluid‖in the living organism.It is now known from radiogenetics that the ferritin in our bodies can be manipulated not only by electromagnetic radiation(radio waves)but also by magnetic fields.展开更多
The last decades have witnessed huge efforts devoted to deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)and to testing new drugs,with the recent FDA approval of two anti-amyloid monoclonal a...The last decades have witnessed huge efforts devoted to deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)and to testing new drugs,with the recent FDA approval of two anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for AD treatment.Beyond these drug-based experimentations,a number of pre-clinical and clinical trials are exploring the benefits of alternative treatments,such as non-invasive stimulation techniques on AD neuropathology and symptoms.Among the different non-invasive brain stimulation approaches,transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)is gaining particular attention due to its ability to externally control gamma oscillations.Here,we outline the current knowledge concerning the clinical efficacy,safety,ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness of tACS on early and advanced AD,applied specifically at 40 Hz frequency,and also summarise pre-clinical results on validated models of AD and ongoing patient-centred trials.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),Japan
文摘Brain-computer interface is a communication system that connects the brain with computer （or other devices） but is not dependent on the normal output of the brain （i.e., peripheral nerve and muscle）. Electro-oculogram is a dominant artifact which has a significant negative influence on further analysis of real electroencephalography data. This paper presented a data adaptive technique for artifact suppression and brain wave extraction from electroencephalography signals to detect regional brain activities. Empirical mode decomposition based adaptive thresholding approach was employed here to suppress the electro-oculogram artifact. Fractional Gaussian noise was used to determine the threshold level derived from the analysis data without any training. The purified electroencephalography signal was composed of the brain waves also called rhythmic components which represent the brain activities. The rhythmic components were extracted from each electroencephalography channel using adaptive wiener filter with the original scale. The regional brain activities were mapped on the basis of the spatial distribution of rhythmic components, and the results showed that different regions of the brain are activated in response to different stimuli. This research analyzed the activities of a single rhythmic component, alpha with respect to different motor imaginations. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is very efficient in artifact suppression and identifying individual motor imagery based on the activities of alpha component.
文摘BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space and time similar to reality for exposure therapy techniques is increasing.AIM To examine exposure therapy using driving simulations in patients with PTSD due to traffic accidents with PTSD symptoms.METHODS The intervention was provided to two individuals who experienced PTSD symptoms after a traffic accident using a driving simulator.Among the singlesubject experimental designs,the ABA(baseline-intervention-baseline)design was used,and the PTSD checklist and brain wave frequency were used to measure the results.RESULTS In all participants,the standard category departure time of the electroencephalogram decreased from baseline,and PTSD symptoms decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of a driving simulator as an exposure treatment tool for PTSD.
文摘In this paper we propose an efcient process of physiological artifact elimination methodology from brain waves(BW),which are also commonly known as electroencephalogram(EEG)signal.In a clinical environment during the acquisition of BW several artifacts contaminates the actual BW component.This leads to inaccurate and ambiguous diagnosis.As the statistical nature of the EEG signal is more non-stationery,adaptive ltering is the more promising method for the process of artifact elimination.In clinical conditions,the conventional adaptive techniques require many numbers of computational operations and leads to data samples overlapping and instability of the algorithm used.This causes delay in diagnosis and decision making.To overcome this problem in our work we propose to set a threshold value to diminish the problem of round off error.The resultant adaptive algorithm based on this strategy is Non-linear Least mean square(NL2MS)algorithm.Again,to improve this algorithm in terms of ltering capability we perform data normalization,using this algorithm several hybrid versions are developed to improve ltering and reduce computational operations.Using the method,a new signal enhancement unit(SEU)is realized and performance of various hybrid versions of algorithms examined using real EEG signals recorded from the subject.The ability of the proposed schemes is measured in terms of convergence,enhancement and multiplications required.Among various SEUs,the MCN2L 2MS algorithm achieves 14.6734,12.8732,10.9257,15.7790 dB during the artifact removal of RA,EMG,CSA and EBA components with only two multiplications.Hence,this algorithm seems to be better candidate for artifact elimination.
文摘In his lifetime Franz Anton Mesmer was branded a charlatan by the scientific community on account of his claim of being able to cure many sickness and medical problems though animal magnetism.Notwithstanding this,although his specific claim to possess the power of animal magnetism has been discounted,his methods have had a vast influence in every branch of mental healing and spiritual healing and healing thru hypnotism as well as New Age techniques that involve not only―the power of suggestion‖but also the physical―laying on of hands.‖This article reviews Mesmer‘s techniques,and gives a broad overview of all the other branches of mental and spiritual healing where his methods are still used in one way or another,and presents recent scientific research that completely vindicates Mesmer‘s original claim to possess the power of being able to manipulate the―magnetic fluid‖in the living organism.It is now known from radiogenetics that the ferritin in our bodies can be manipulated not only by electromagnetic radiation(radio waves)but also by magnetic fields.
基金FC was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health(Research Grant:GR-2019–12370446)MDA was supported by the American Alzheimer’s Association(AARG-21–851219)+6 种基金the Italian Ministry of Health(Research Grant:RF-2018–12365527)Regione Lazio(PO FESR LAZIO 2014/2020,T0002E0001)the Italian Ministry of Universities and Research(Prot.2020Z73J5A)Fondazione Roma(Rome,Italy)PK was supported by an under-40 grant from the Italian Association for Alzheimer’s Research(AIRALTZH-AGYR2020)the Italian Ministry of Health(Research Grant:GR-2019–12370446)the American Alzheimer’s Association(AARG-22–922961).
文摘The last decades have witnessed huge efforts devoted to deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)and to testing new drugs,with the recent FDA approval of two anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for AD treatment.Beyond these drug-based experimentations,a number of pre-clinical and clinical trials are exploring the benefits of alternative treatments,such as non-invasive stimulation techniques on AD neuropathology and symptoms.Among the different non-invasive brain stimulation approaches,transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)is gaining particular attention due to its ability to externally control gamma oscillations.Here,we outline the current knowledge concerning the clinical efficacy,safety,ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness of tACS on early and advanced AD,applied specifically at 40 Hz frequency,and also summarise pre-clinical results on validated models of AD and ongoing patient-centred trials.
