Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire b...Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain[1-4].Current commonly used approaches for such mesoscale brain mapping include two main types of three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy:the block-face methods,and the lightsheet-based methods[5,6].In general,the high imaging speed and light efficiency of light-sheet microscopy make it a suitable tool for high-throughput volumetric imaging,especially when combined with tissue-clearing techniques.However,large brain samples pose major challenges to this approach.展开更多
Human brain development is a complex process that continues between birth and maturity, and monitoring the underlying maturational changes at these stages is crucial for our understanding of typical development as wel...Human brain development is a complex process that continues between birth and maturity, and monitoring the underlying maturational changes at these stages is crucial for our understanding of typical development as well as neurodevelopmental disorders. During the critical periods of brain development, on one hand, many human capacities originate, but on the other hand, a brain undergoing rapid plastic changes may also be vulnerable to neuropsychiatric disorders . Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has been increasingly used for its ability to noninvasively reveal structural and functional changes in the brain. However, interpretation of the neurobiological processes underlying the findings obtained with MRI is very limited .展开更多
The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important i...The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions.The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development.By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children(aged 7 to 12)across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow,we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains:attention,executive function,emotion,and risky decision-making.Moreover,we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs.This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website(http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa).Our study provides domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.展开更多
Ten Chinese patients with brain tumors involving language regions were selected. Preoperative functional MRI was performed to locate Broca＇s or Wernicke＇s area, and the cortex that was essential for language functio...Ten Chinese patients with brain tumors involving language regions were selected. Preoperative functional MRI was performed to locate Broca＇s or Wernicke＇s area, and the cortex that was essential for language function was determined by electrocortical mapping. A site-by-site comparison between functional MRI and electrocortical mapping was performed with the aid of a neuronavigation device. Results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative functional MRI were 80.0% and 85.0% in Broca＇s area and 66.6% and 85.2% in Wemicke＇s area, respectively. These experimental findings indicate that functional MRI is an accurate, reliable technique with which to identify the location of Wernicke＇s area or Broca＇s area in patients with brain tumors.展开更多
Purpose: Multi-tracer neuroimaging is widely used for the diagnosis, radiotherapy, and neuro-surgery of brain gliomas. Anatomical and functional information is important to avoid having neurological deficits induced d...Purpose: Multi-tracer neuroimaging is widely used for the diagnosis, radiotherapy, and neuro-surgery of brain gliomas. Anatomical and functional information is important to avoid having neurological deficits induced during the resection or radiation therapy of brain gliomas. The aim of this study was to investigate presurgical anatomical labeling of brain gliomas on FLT and FET using statistical probabilistic anatomic maps (SPAM), which are images of cerebral cortical, cerebellar, and subcortical volumes of interest (VOIs). Methods: FDG, FLT, and FET PET scans were acquired. FLT and FET PET images were coregistered to the FDG PET images, which were then spatially normalized onto the target brain. An inverse spatial normalization parameter was calculated and applied to SPAM. For the anatomical labeling of brain glioma regions, the volumes of brain gliomason FLT and FET images were extracted using segmentation. Probabilistic information of the glioma region was then calculated using SPAM and the segmented glioma volumes. SPM and an in-house program were used for image processing. Results: The probability of SPAM labeling a brain glioma region could be extracted using the inverse normalized SPAM and segmented glioma regions. In a sample case, the probabilistic anatomical region of the glioma included 21% of the postcentral gyrus, 12% of the superior parietal gyrus, and 6% of the angular gyrus. Conclusion: Anatomical information about brain gliomas could be extracted using SPAM. This proposed method would be optional for presurgical mapping, to avoid an additional functional mapping study that might otherwise be necessary to avoid producing neurological deficits.展开更多
BACKGROUND： It has been proved that brain electrical activity mapping （BEAM） and transcranial Doppler （TCD） detection can reflect the function of brain cell and its diseased degree of infant patients with moderat...BACKGROUND： It has been proved that brain electrical activity mapping （BEAM） and transcranial Doppler （TCD） detection can reflect the function of brain cell and its diseased degree of infant patients with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the abnormal results of HIE at different degrees detected with BEAM and TCD in infant patients, and compare the detection results at the same time point between BEAM, TCD and computer tomography （CT） examinations. DESIGN ： Contrast observation SETTING： Departments of Neuro-electrophysiology and Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 416 infant patients with HIE who received treatment in the Department of Newborn Infants, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College during January 2001 and December 2005. The infant patients, 278 male and 138 female, were at embryonic 37 to 42 weeks and weighing 2.0 to 4.1 kg, and they were diagnosed with CT and met the diagnostic criteria of HIE of newborn infants compiled by Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Academy, Chinese Medical Association. According to diagnostic criteria, 130 patients were mild abnormal, 196 moderate abnormal and 90 severe abnormal. The relatives of all the infant patients were informed of the experiment. METHOOS： BEAM and TCD examinations were performed in the involved 416 infant patients with HIE at different degrees with DYD2000 16-channel BEAM instrument and EME-2000 ultrasonograph before preliminary diagnosis treatment （within 1 month after birth） and 1,3,6,12 and 24 months after birth, and detected results were compared between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison of detection results of HIE at different time points in infant patients between BEAM. TCD and CT examinations. RESULTS： All the 416 infant patients with HIE participated in the result analysis. （1） Comparison of the detected results in infant patients with mild HIE at different time points after birth between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： BEAM examination showed that the recovery was delayed, and the abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1 and 3 months after birth [55.4%（72/130）vs. 17.0% （22/130 ）,x^2=41.66 ;29.2% （ 38/130 ） vs. 6.2% （ 8/130 ）, x^2=23.77, P 〈 0.01 ], exceptional patients had mild abnormality and reached the normal level in about 6 months. TCD examination showed that the disease condition significantly improved and infant patients with HIE basically recovered 1 or 2 months after birth, while CT examination showed that infant patients recovered 3 or 4 months after birth. （2） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with moderate HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1,3,6 and 12 months after birth [90.8% （178/196）,78.6% （154/196）,x^2=4.32,P 〈 0.05;64.3% （126/196）,43.9% （86/196） ,x^2=16.44 ;44.9% （88/196） ,22.4% （44/196）,x^2=22.11 ;21.4% （42/196）, 10.2% （20/196）,x^2=9.27, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that there was still one patient who did not completely recovered in the 24^th month due to the relatives of infant patients did not combine the treatment,. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 23.1%（30/196）in the 1^st month after birth, and all the patients recovered to the normal in the 3^rd month after birth, while CT examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in the 24^th month after birth （1.0% ,2/196）. （3） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with severe HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination in the 1^st, 3^rd, 6^th and 12^th months after birth[86.7% （78/90）,44.4% （40/90）,x^2=35.53;62.2% （56/90）,31.1% （28/90）,x^2=17.51 ;37.8% （34/90）,6.7% （6/90）, x^2=27.14, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in 4 infant patients in the 24^th month after birth. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 11.1% （10/90） in the 3^rd month after birth, and all the infant patients recovered in the 6^th month after birth. CT examination showed that the abnormal rate was 6.7%（6/90） in the 12^th month after birth, and all of infant patients recovered to the normal in the 24^th month after birth.CONCLUSION ： BEAM is the direct index to detect brain function of infant patients with HIE, and positive reaction is still very sensitive in the tracking detection of convalescent period. The positive rate of morphological reaction in CT examination is superior to that in TCD examination, and the positive rate is very high in the acute period of HIE in examination.展开更多
Measurement of oxygen concentration and distribution in brain is essential to understanding the pathophysiology of stroke. Although brain oxygen level is critical for brain tissue survival,
Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective parameters of electric cortex stimulation (ECS) for functional brain mapping. Methods We collected 21 subjects who underwent epilepsy surgeries conse...Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective parameters of electric cortex stimulation (ECS) for functional brain mapping. Methods We collected 21 subjects who underwent epilepsy surgeries consecutively in Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery with the epileptogenic zone located in perirolandic areas from展开更多
Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain ...Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain controversial. The present study aimed to study the specific areas involved in naming pictures of these 3 categories using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Functional images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and the 3 different contrasts were evaluated using t statistics by comparing the naming tasks to their baselines.The contrast images were entered into a random-effects group level analysis.The results were reported in Montreal Neurological Institute co-ordinates,and anatomical regions were identified using an automated anatomical labeling method with XJview 8.Results Naming famous faces caused more activation in the bilateral head of the hippocampus and amygdala with significant left dominance. Bilateral activation of pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the naming of famous faces was also revealed. Naming animals evoked greater responses in the left supplementary motor area, while naming man-made objects evoked more in the left premotor area,left pars orbitalis and right supplementary motor area. The extent of bilateral fusiform gyri activation by naming man-made objects was much larger than that by naming of famous faces or animals.Even in the overlapping sites of activation,some differences among the categories were found for activation in the fusiform gyri.Conclusion The cortices involved in the naming process vary with the naming of famous faces,animals and man-made objects.This finding suggests that different categories of pictures should be used during intra-operative language mapping to generate a broader map of language function, in order to minimize the incidence of false-negative stimulation and permanent post-operative deficits.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate neurovascular uncoupling(NVU)associated with low grade gliomas(LGG)using blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)cerebrovascular reactivity mapping.METHODS:Seven patients with low grade gliomas referred by n...AIM:To evaluate neurovascular uncoupling(NVU)associated with low grade gliomas(LGG)using blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)cerebrovascular reactivity mapping.METHODS:Seven patients with low grade gliomas referred by neurosurgeons for presurgical mapping were included in this pilot study.Cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR)mapping was performed by acquiring BOLD images while patients performed a block-design breath-hold(BH)hypercapnia task.CVR mapping was expressed as BOLD percentage signal change(PSC)from baseline associated with performance of the BH hypercapnia task.Standard T2*Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast perfusion imaging was performed and relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)and relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)maps were generated.Structural T1 weighted MR images were also acquired.A correlation analysis between intratumoral normalized(via ratio with contralateral homologous regions)BOLD BH PSC[referred to as(nCVR)]and intratumoral normalized resting state rCBV(rCBF)values(i.e.,nCBV and nCBF,respectively)was performed.RESULTS:No significant correlation was seen between the normalized BOLD BH PSC(i.e.,nCBV)and nCBV or nCBF.However,the average nCVR(median=0.50,z=-2.28,P=0.01)was significantly less than 1.0,indicating abnormally reduced vascular responses in the tumor regions relative to normal contralesional homologous regions,whereas the average nCBV(median=0.94,z=-0.92,P=0.375)and nCBF(median=0.93,z=-1.16,P=0.25)were not significantly higher or lower than 1.0,indicating iso-perfusion in the tumor regions relative to normal contralesional homologous regions.These findings suggest that in LGG,hyperperfusion that is seen in high grade gliomas is not present,but,nevertheless,abnormally decreased regional CVR is present within and adjacent to LGG.Since the patients all demonstrated at least some residual function attributable to the cortical regions of impaired CVR,but were incapable of producing a BOLD response in these regions regardless of the tasks performed,such regionally decreased CVR is indicative of NVU.The low nCVR ratios indicate high prevalence of NVU in this LGG cohort,which is an important consideration in the interpretation of clinical presurgical mapping with functional magnetic resonance(MR)imaging.CONCLUSION:Our preliminary study shows that BH CVR mapping is clinically feasible and demonstrates an unexpectedly high prevalence of NVU in patients with LGG.展开更多
The effect of fragrances on drivers has been examined, in order to optimize driver’s condition during driving. A map that can clearly show the positioning of various fragrances is created as an initial step of this r...The effect of fragrances on drivers has been examined, in order to optimize driver’s condition during driving. A map that can clearly show the positioning of various fragrances is created as an initial step of this research and development. Sensory evaluation data of 12 kinds of fragrance samples, which are tested on 64 subjects, are used for the creation of this map. The “Aromatic Image Map” can be used to confirm the distribution of the characteristics and the subjects’ preferences for each fragrance. Furthermore, the validity of the “Aromatic Image Map” is inspected experimentally, based on the difference in recovery from stress among the fragrances. Six subjects participate in the experiment, and the four kinds of fragrances that stand at the specific positions on the “Aromatic Image Map” are used. As a result, this enables us to inspect the validity of the position of each fragrance on “Aromatic Image Map”.展开更多
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Project(2021ZD0204400,2022ZD0205203,2021ZD0200104,2022ZD0211900)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCYX20210706092100003,RCBS20221008093311027)+3 种基金the Shenzhen Medical Research Funds(A2303005)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2022367)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100896)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(U20A6005).
文摘Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain[1-4].Current commonly used approaches for such mesoscale brain mapping include two main types of three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy:the block-face methods,and the lightsheet-based methods[5,6].In general,the high imaging speed and light efficiency of light-sheet microscopy make it a suitable tool for high-throughput volumetric imaging,especially when combined with tissue-clearing techniques.However,large brain samples pose major challenges to this approach.
文摘Human brain development is a complex process that continues between birth and maturity, and monitoring the underlying maturational changes at these stages is crucial for our understanding of typical development as well as neurodevelopmental disorders. During the critical periods of brain development, on one hand, many human capacities originate, but on the other hand, a brain undergoing rapid plastic changes may also be vulnerable to neuropsychiatric disorders . Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has been increasingly used for its ability to noninvasively reveal structural and functional changes in the brain. However, interpretation of the neurobiological processes underlying the findings obtained with MRI is very limited .
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31522028,71834002,31530031,81571056,31521063,and 61775139)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Program,Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100001518003)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning(CNLZD1503 and CNLZD1703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions.The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development.By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children(aged 7 to 12)across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow,we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains:attention,executive function,emotion,and risky decision-making.Moreover,we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs.This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website(http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa).Our study provides domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2008,No.2008-165-17the Key Technologies R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2011,No. 2011-89
文摘Ten Chinese patients with brain tumors involving language regions were selected. Preoperative functional MRI was performed to locate Broca＇s or Wernicke＇s area, and the cortex that was essential for language function was determined by electrocortical mapping. A site-by-site comparison between functional MRI and electrocortical mapping was performed with the aid of a neuronavigation device. Results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative functional MRI were 80.0% and 85.0% in Broca＇s area and 66.6% and 85.2% in Wemicke＇s area, respectively. These experimental findings indicate that functional MRI is an accurate, reliable technique with which to identify the location of Wernicke＇s area or Broca＇s area in patients with brain tumors.
文摘Purpose: Multi-tracer neuroimaging is widely used for the diagnosis, radiotherapy, and neuro-surgery of brain gliomas. Anatomical and functional information is important to avoid having neurological deficits induced during the resection or radiation therapy of brain gliomas. The aim of this study was to investigate presurgical anatomical labeling of brain gliomas on FLT and FET using statistical probabilistic anatomic maps (SPAM), which are images of cerebral cortical, cerebellar, and subcortical volumes of interest (VOIs). Methods: FDG, FLT, and FET PET scans were acquired. FLT and FET PET images were coregistered to the FDG PET images, which were then spatially normalized onto the target brain. An inverse spatial normalization parameter was calculated and applied to SPAM. For the anatomical labeling of brain glioma regions, the volumes of brain gliomason FLT and FET images were extracted using segmentation. Probabilistic information of the glioma region was then calculated using SPAM and the segmented glioma volumes. SPM and an in-house program were used for image processing. Results: The probability of SPAM labeling a brain glioma region could be extracted using the inverse normalized SPAM and segmented glioma regions. In a sample case, the probabilistic anatomical region of the glioma included 21% of the postcentral gyrus, 12% of the superior parietal gyrus, and 6% of the angular gyrus. Conclusion: Anatomical information about brain gliomas could be extracted using SPAM. This proposed method would be optional for presurgical mapping, to avoid an additional functional mapping study that might otherwise be necessary to avoid producing neurological deficits.
文摘BACKGROUND： It has been proved that brain electrical activity mapping （BEAM） and transcranial Doppler （TCD） detection can reflect the function of brain cell and its diseased degree of infant patients with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the abnormal results of HIE at different degrees detected with BEAM and TCD in infant patients, and compare the detection results at the same time point between BEAM, TCD and computer tomography （CT） examinations. DESIGN ： Contrast observation SETTING： Departments of Neuro-electrophysiology and Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 416 infant patients with HIE who received treatment in the Department of Newborn Infants, Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College during January 2001 and December 2005. The infant patients, 278 male and 138 female, were at embryonic 37 to 42 weeks and weighing 2.0 to 4.1 kg, and they were diagnosed with CT and met the diagnostic criteria of HIE of newborn infants compiled by Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Academy, Chinese Medical Association. According to diagnostic criteria, 130 patients were mild abnormal, 196 moderate abnormal and 90 severe abnormal. The relatives of all the infant patients were informed of the experiment. METHOOS： BEAM and TCD examinations were performed in the involved 416 infant patients with HIE at different degrees with DYD2000 16-channel BEAM instrument and EME-2000 ultrasonograph before preliminary diagnosis treatment （within 1 month after birth） and 1,3,6,12 and 24 months after birth, and detected results were compared between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison of detection results of HIE at different time points in infant patients between BEAM. TCD and CT examinations. RESULTS： All the 416 infant patients with HIE participated in the result analysis. （1） Comparison of the detected results in infant patients with mild HIE at different time points after birth between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： BEAM examination showed that the recovery was delayed, and the abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1 and 3 months after birth [55.4%（72/130）vs. 17.0% （22/130 ）,x^2=41.66 ;29.2% （ 38/130 ） vs. 6.2% （ 8/130 ）, x^2=23.77, P 〈 0.01 ], exceptional patients had mild abnormality and reached the normal level in about 6 months. TCD examination showed that the disease condition significantly improved and infant patients with HIE basically recovered 1 or 2 months after birth, while CT examination showed that infant patients recovered 3 or 4 months after birth. （2） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with moderate HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination 1,3,6 and 12 months after birth [90.8% （178/196）,78.6% （154/196）,x^2=4.32,P 〈 0.05;64.3% （126/196）,43.9% （86/196） ,x^2=16.44 ;44.9% （88/196） ,22.4% （44/196）,x^2=22.11 ;21.4% （42/196）, 10.2% （20/196）,x^2=9.27, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that there was still one patient who did not completely recovered in the 24^th month due to the relatives of infant patients did not combine the treatment,. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 23.1%（30/196）in the 1^st month after birth, and all the patients recovered to the normal in the 3^rd month after birth, while CT examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in the 24^th month after birth （1.0% ,2/196）. （3） Comparison of detection results of infant patients with severe HIE at different time points between BEAM, TCD and CT examinations： The abnormal rate of BEAM examination was significantly higher than that of CT examination in the 1^st, 3^rd, 6^th and 12^th months after birth[86.7% （78/90）,44.4% （40/90）,x^2=35.53;62.2% （56/90）,31.1% （28/90）,x^2=17.51 ;37.8% （34/90）,6.7% （6/90）, x^2=27.14, P 〈 0.01]. BEAM examination showed that mild abnormality still existed in 4 infant patients in the 24^th month after birth. TCD examination showed that the abnormal rate was 11.1% （10/90） in the 3^rd month after birth, and all the infant patients recovered in the 6^th month after birth. CT examination showed that the abnormal rate was 6.7%（6/90） in the 12^th month after birth, and all of infant patients recovered to the normal in the 24^th month after birth.CONCLUSION ： BEAM is the direct index to detect brain function of infant patients with HIE, and positive reaction is still very sensitive in the tracking detection of convalescent period. The positive rate of morphological reaction in CT examination is superior to that in TCD examination, and the positive rate is very high in the acute period of HIE in examination.
文摘Measurement of oxygen concentration and distribution in brain is essential to understanding the pathophysiology of stroke. Although brain oxygen level is critical for brain tissue survival,
文摘Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective parameters of electric cortex stimulation (ECS) for functional brain mapping. Methods We collected 21 subjects who underwent epilepsy surgeries consecutively in Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery with the epileptogenic zone located in perirolandic areas from
基金supported bythe Foundation of Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2008A030201021)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.10151001002000010)
文摘Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain controversial. The present study aimed to study the specific areas involved in naming pictures of these 3 categories using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Functional images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and the 3 different contrasts were evaluated using t statistics by comparing the naming tasks to their baselines.The contrast images were entered into a random-effects group level analysis.The results were reported in Montreal Neurological Institute co-ordinates,and anatomical regions were identified using an automated anatomical labeling method with XJview 8.Results Naming famous faces caused more activation in the bilateral head of the hippocampus and amygdala with significant left dominance. Bilateral activation of pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the naming of famous faces was also revealed. Naming animals evoked greater responses in the left supplementary motor area, while naming man-made objects evoked more in the left premotor area,left pars orbitalis and right supplementary motor area. The extent of bilateral fusiform gyri activation by naming man-made objects was much larger than that by naming of famous faces or animals.Even in the overlapping sites of activation,some differences among the categories were found for activation in the fusiform gyri.Conclusion The cortices involved in the naming process vary with the naming of famous faces,animals and man-made objects.This finding suggests that different categories of pictures should be used during intra-operative language mapping to generate a broader map of language function, in order to minimize the incidence of false-negative stimulation and permanent post-operative deficits.
文摘AIM:To evaluate neurovascular uncoupling(NVU)associated with low grade gliomas(LGG)using blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)cerebrovascular reactivity mapping.METHODS:Seven patients with low grade gliomas referred by neurosurgeons for presurgical mapping were included in this pilot study.Cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR)mapping was performed by acquiring BOLD images while patients performed a block-design breath-hold(BH)hypercapnia task.CVR mapping was expressed as BOLD percentage signal change(PSC)from baseline associated with performance of the BH hypercapnia task.Standard T2*Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast perfusion imaging was performed and relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)and relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)maps were generated.Structural T1 weighted MR images were also acquired.A correlation analysis between intratumoral normalized(via ratio with contralateral homologous regions)BOLD BH PSC[referred to as(nCVR)]and intratumoral normalized resting state rCBV(rCBF)values(i.e.,nCBV and nCBF,respectively)was performed.RESULTS:No significant correlation was seen between the normalized BOLD BH PSC(i.e.,nCBV)and nCBV or nCBF.However,the average nCVR(median=0.50,z=-2.28,P=0.01)was significantly less than 1.0,indicating abnormally reduced vascular responses in the tumor regions relative to normal contralesional homologous regions,whereas the average nCBV(median=0.94,z=-0.92,P=0.375)and nCBF(median=0.93,z=-1.16,P=0.25)were not significantly higher or lower than 1.0,indicating iso-perfusion in the tumor regions relative to normal contralesional homologous regions.These findings suggest that in LGG,hyperperfusion that is seen in high grade gliomas is not present,but,nevertheless,abnormally decreased regional CVR is present within and adjacent to LGG.Since the patients all demonstrated at least some residual function attributable to the cortical regions of impaired CVR,but were incapable of producing a BOLD response in these regions regardless of the tasks performed,such regionally decreased CVR is indicative of NVU.The low nCVR ratios indicate high prevalence of NVU in this LGG cohort,which is an important consideration in the interpretation of clinical presurgical mapping with functional magnetic resonance(MR)imaging.CONCLUSION:Our preliminary study shows that BH CVR mapping is clinically feasible and demonstrates an unexpectedly high prevalence of NVU in patients with LGG.
文摘The effect of fragrances on drivers has been examined, in order to optimize driver’s condition during driving. A map that can clearly show the positioning of various fragrances is created as an initial step of this research and development. Sensory evaluation data of 12 kinds of fragrance samples, which are tested on 64 subjects, are used for the creation of this map. The “Aromatic Image Map” can be used to confirm the distribution of the characteristics and the subjects’ preferences for each fragrance. Furthermore, the validity of the “Aromatic Image Map” is inspected experimentally, based on the difference in recovery from stress among the fragrances. Six subjects participate in the experiment, and the four kinds of fragrances that stand at the specific positions on the “Aromatic Image Map” are used. As a result, this enables us to inspect the validity of the position of each fragrance on “Aromatic Image Map”.
