The effect of fragrances on drivers has been examined, in order to optimize driver’s condition during driving. A map that can clearly show the positioning of various fragrances is created as an initial step of this r...The effect of fragrances on drivers has been examined, in order to optimize driver’s condition during driving. A map that can clearly show the positioning of various fragrances is created as an initial step of this research and development. Sensory evaluation data of 12 kinds of fragrance samples, which are tested on 64 subjects, are used for the creation of this map. The “Aromatic Image Map” can be used to confirm the distribution of the characteristics and the subjects’ preferences for each fragrance. Furthermore, the validity of the “Aromatic Image Map” is inspected experimentally, based on the difference in recovery from stress among the fragrances. Six subjects participate in the experiment, and the four kinds of fragrances that stand at the specific positions on the “Aromatic Image Map” are used. As a result, this enables us to inspect the validity of the position of each fragrance on “Aromatic Image Map”.展开更多
Acupuncture has been used for 1000 years, but how it gives therapeutic effect is not completely understood. Integration of brain wave as the central nervous system plays an important role in acupuncture efficacy. To e...Acupuncture has been used for 1000 years, but how it gives therapeutic effect is not completely understood. Integration of brain wave as the central nervous system plays an important role in acupuncture efficacy. To explore the effect of acupuncture stimulation in the central nervous system, it is imperative to decide the adjustments in brain waves that produced because of acupuncture stimulation. Electroencephalogram(EEG) is often used in the acupuncture research area. EEG records spontaneous cerebral activity after some time by positioning electrodes on scalp surface. Using EEG, we can observe the brain connectivity regarding the acupuncture stimulation. An overview regarding the effect of manual acupuncture on human brain wave through EEG observation will be discussed in this review.展开更多
Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury（m TBI） is of particular concern among military personnel due to exposure to blast energy during military training and combat.The impact of primary low-intensity blast mediat...Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury（m TBI） is of particular concern among military personnel due to exposure to blast energy during military training and combat.The impact of primary low-intensity blast mediated pathophysiology upon later neurobehavioral disorders has been controversial.Developing a military preclinical blast model to simulate the pathophysiology of human blast injury is an important first step.This article provides an overview of primary blast effects and perspectives of our recent studies demonstrating ultrastructural changes in the brain and behavioral disorders resulting from open-field blast exposures up to 46.6 k Pa using a murine model.The model is scalable and permits exposure to varying magnitudes of primary blast injuries by placing animals at different distances from the blast center or by changing the amount of C4 charge.We here review the implications and future applications and directions of using this animal model to uncover the underlying mechanisms related to primary blast injury.Overall,these studies offer the prospect of enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of primary low-intensity blast-induced TBI and insights for prevention,diagnosis and treatment of blast induced TBI,particularly m TBI/concussion related to current combat exposures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space a...BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space and time similar to reality for exposure therapy techniques is increasing.AIM To examine exposure therapy using driving simulations in patients with PTSD due to traffic accidents with PTSD symptoms.METHODS The intervention was provided to two individuals who experienced PTSD symptoms after a traffic accident using a driving simulator.Among the singlesubject experimental designs,the ABA(baseline-intervention-baseline)design was used,and the PTSD checklist and brain wave frequency were used to measure the results.RESULTS In all participants,the standard category departure time of the electroencephalogram decreased from baseline,and PTSD symptoms decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of a driving simulator as an exposure treatment tool for PTSD.展开更多
Brain-computer interface is a communication system that connects the brain with computer （or other devices） but is not dependent on the normal output of the brain （i.e., peripheral nerve and muscle）. Electro-oculo...Brain-computer interface is a communication system that connects the brain with computer （or other devices） but is not dependent on the normal output of the brain （i.e., peripheral nerve and muscle）. Electro-oculogram is a dominant artifact which has a significant negative influence on further analysis of real electroencephalography data. This paper presented a data adaptive technique for artifact suppression and brain wave extraction from electroencephalography signals to detect regional brain activities. Empirical mode decomposition based adaptive thresholding approach was employed here to suppress the electro-oculogram artifact. Fractional Gaussian noise was used to determine the threshold level derived from the analysis data without any training. The purified electroencephalography signal was composed of the brain waves also called rhythmic components which represent the brain activities. The rhythmic components were extracted from each electroencephalography channel using adaptive wiener filter with the original scale. The regional brain activities were mapped on the basis of the spatial distribution of rhythmic components, and the results showed that different regions of the brain are activated in response to different stimuli. This research analyzed the activities of a single rhythmic component, alpha with respect to different motor imaginations. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is very efficient in artifact suppression and identifying individual motor imagery based on the activities of alpha component.展开更多
文摘The effect of fragrances on drivers has been examined, in order to optimize driver’s condition during driving. A map that can clearly show the positioning of various fragrances is created as an initial step of this research and development. Sensory evaluation data of 12 kinds of fragrance samples, which are tested on 64 subjects, are used for the creation of this map. The “Aromatic Image Map” can be used to confirm the distribution of the characteristics and the subjects’ preferences for each fragrance. Furthermore, the validity of the “Aromatic Image Map” is inspected experimentally, based on the difference in recovery from stress among the fragrances. Six subjects participate in the experiment, and the four kinds of fragrances that stand at the specific positions on the “Aromatic Image Map” are used. As a result, this enables us to inspect the validity of the position of each fragrance on “Aromatic Image Map”.
文摘Acupuncture has been used for 1000 years, but how it gives therapeutic effect is not completely understood. Integration of brain wave as the central nervous system plays an important role in acupuncture efficacy. To explore the effect of acupuncture stimulation in the central nervous system, it is imperative to decide the adjustments in brain waves that produced because of acupuncture stimulation. Electroencephalogram(EEG) is often used in the acupuncture research area. EEG records spontaneous cerebral activity after some time by positioning electrodes on scalp surface. Using EEG, we can observe the brain connectivity regarding the acupuncture stimulation. An overview regarding the effect of manual acupuncture on human brain wave through EEG observation will be discussed in this review.
基金possible by funding from the DoD Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs(CDMRP)for the Peer Reviewed Alzheimer’s Research Program Convergence Science Research Award(PRARP-CSRAAZ140109)the research funds of the University of Missouri(to ZG)
文摘Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury（m TBI） is of particular concern among military personnel due to exposure to blast energy during military training and combat.The impact of primary low-intensity blast mediated pathophysiology upon later neurobehavioral disorders has been controversial.Developing a military preclinical blast model to simulate the pathophysiology of human blast injury is an important first step.This article provides an overview of primary blast effects and perspectives of our recent studies demonstrating ultrastructural changes in the brain and behavioral disorders resulting from open-field blast exposures up to 46.6 k Pa using a murine model.The model is scalable and permits exposure to varying magnitudes of primary blast injuries by placing animals at different distances from the blast center or by changing the amount of C4 charge.We here review the implications and future applications and directions of using this animal model to uncover the underlying mechanisms related to primary blast injury.Overall,these studies offer the prospect of enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of primary low-intensity blast-induced TBI and insights for prevention,diagnosis and treatment of blast induced TBI,particularly m TBI/concussion related to current combat exposures.
文摘BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space and time similar to reality for exposure therapy techniques is increasing.AIM To examine exposure therapy using driving simulations in patients with PTSD due to traffic accidents with PTSD symptoms.METHODS The intervention was provided to two individuals who experienced PTSD symptoms after a traffic accident using a driving simulator.Among the singlesubject experimental designs,the ABA(baseline-intervention-baseline)design was used,and the PTSD checklist and brain wave frequency were used to measure the results.RESULTS In all participants,the standard category departure time of the electroencephalogram decreased from baseline,and PTSD symptoms decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of a driving simulator as an exposure treatment tool for PTSD.
基金supported by a grant from the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),Japan
文摘Brain-computer interface is a communication system that connects the brain with computer （or other devices） but is not dependent on the normal output of the brain （i.e., peripheral nerve and muscle）. Electro-oculogram is a dominant artifact which has a significant negative influence on further analysis of real electroencephalography data. This paper presented a data adaptive technique for artifact suppression and brain wave extraction from electroencephalography signals to detect regional brain activities. Empirical mode decomposition based adaptive thresholding approach was employed here to suppress the electro-oculogram artifact. Fractional Gaussian noise was used to determine the threshold level derived from the analysis data without any training. The purified electroencephalography signal was composed of the brain waves also called rhythmic components which represent the brain activities. The rhythmic components were extracted from each electroencephalography channel using adaptive wiener filter with the original scale. The regional brain activities were mapped on the basis of the spatial distribution of rhythmic components, and the results showed that different regions of the brain are activated in response to different stimuli. This research analyzed the activities of a single rhythmic component, alpha with respect to different motor imaginations. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is very efficient in artifact suppression and identifying individual motor imagery based on the activities of alpha component.
