Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
Background Clinical brain-computer interface(BCI)for mental disorders is an emerging interdisciplinary research field,posing new ethical concerns and challenges,yet lacking practical ethical governance guidelines for ...Background Clinical brain-computer interface(BCI)for mental disorders is an emerging interdisciplinary research field,posing new ethical concerns and challenges,yet lacking practical ethical governance guidelines for stakeholders and the entire community.Aims This study aims to establish a multidisciplinary consensus of principles for ethical governance of clinical BCI research for mental disorders and offer practical ethical guidance to stakeholders involved.Methods A systematic literature review,symposium and roundtable discussions,and a pre-Delphi(round 0)survey were conducted to form the questionnaire for the three-round modified Delphi study.Two rounds of surveys,followed by a third round of independent interviews of 25 experts from BCI-related research domains,were involved.We conducted quantitative analysis of responses and agreements among experts to reveal the consensus and differences regarding the ethical governance of mental BCI research from a multidisciplinary perspective.Results The Delphi panel emphasised important concerns of ethical review practices and ethical principles within the BCI context,identified qualified and highly influential institutions and personnel in conducting and advancing clinical BCI research,and recognised prioritised aspects in the risk-benefit evaluation.Experts expressed diverse opinions on specific ethical concerns,including concerns about invasive technology,its impact on humanity and potential social consequences.Agreement was reached that the practices of ethical governance of clinical BCI for mental disorders should focus on patient voluntariness,autonomy,long-term effects and related assessments of BCI interventions,as well as privacy protection,transparent reporting and ensuring that the research is conducted in qualified institutions with strong data security.Conclusions Ethical governance of clinical research on BCI for mental disorders should include interdisciplinary experts to balance various needs and incorporate the expertise of different stakeholders to avoid serious ethical issues.It requires scientifically grounded approaches,continuous monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure evidence-based policies,comprehensive risk assessments and transparency,thereby promoting responsible innovations and protecting patient rights and well-being.展开更多
In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"...In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"Guidelines for the Establishment ofNeurological Medical Service Price ltems(Trial)"recently issued bythe National Healthcare Security Administration specifically sets upseparate prospective items for new BCl technologies,which will un-doubtedly strongly facilitate the clinical application of BCl technologyas soon as possible,benefiting a broad range of patients.展开更多
Brain-Computer interfacing(BCI)has currently added a new dimension in assistive robotics.Existing braincomputer interfaces designed for position control applications suffer from two fundamental limitations.First,most ...Brain-Computer interfacing(BCI)has currently added a new dimension in assistive robotics.Existing braincomputer interfaces designed for position control applications suffer from two fundamental limitations.First,most of the existing schemes employ open-loop control,and thus are unable to track positional errors,resulting in failures in taking necessary online corrective actions.There are examples of a few works dealing with closed-loop electroencephalography(EEG)-based position control.These existing closed-loop brain-induced position control schemes employ a fixed order link selection rule,which often creates a bottleneck preventing time-efficient control.Second,the existing brain-induced position controllers are designed to generate a position response like a traditional firstorder system,resulting in a large steady-state error.This paper overcomes the above two limitations by keeping provisions for steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)induced linkselection in an arbitrary order as required for efficient control and generating a second-order response of the position-control system with gradually diminishing overshoots/undershoots to reduce steady-state errors.Other than the above,the third innovation is to utilize motor imagery and P300 signals to design the hybrid brain-computer interfacing system for the said application with gradually diminishing error-margin using speed reversal at the zero-crossings of positional errors.Experiments undertaken reveal that the steady-state error is reduced to 0.2%.The paper also provides a thorough analysis of the stability of the closed-loop system performance using the Root Locus technique.展开更多
A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control...A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control system makes use of the amplitude enhancement of alpha-wave blocking in electroencephalogram(EEG) when eyes close for more than 1 s to constitute a BCI for the switch control of wheelchair movements. The system was formed by BCI control panel, data acquisition, signal processing unit and interface control circuit. Eight volunteers participated in the wheelchair control experiments according to the preset routes. The experimental results show that the mean success control rate of all the subjects was 81.3%, with the highest reaching 93.7%. When one subject's triggering time was 2.8 s, i.e., the flashing time of each cycle light was 2.8 s, the average information transfer rate was 8.10 bit/min, with the highest reaching 12.54 bit/min.展开更多
Aiming at the topic of electroencephalogram （EEG） pattern recognition in brain computer interface （BCI）, a classification method based on probabilistic neural network （PNN） with supervised learning is presented ...Aiming at the topic of electroencephalogram （EEG） pattern recognition in brain computer interface （BCI）, a classification method based on probabilistic neural network （PNN） with supervised learning is presented in this paper. It applies the recognition rate of training samples to the learning progress of network parameters. The learning vector quantization is employed to group training samples and the Genetic algorithm （GA） is used for training the network＇ s smoothing parameters and hidden central vector for detemlining hidden neurons. Utilizing the standard dataset I （a） of BCI Competition 2003 and comparing with other classification methods, the experiment results show that the best performance of pattern recognition Js got in this way, and the classification accuracy can reach to 93.8%, which improves over 5% compared with the best result （88.7 % ） of the competition. This technology provides an effective way to EEG classification in practical system of BCI.展开更多
Disorders of consciousness(DoCs) are chronic conditions resulting usually from severe neurological deficits. The limitations of the existing diagnosis systems and methodologies cause a need for additional tools for re...Disorders of consciousness(DoCs) are chronic conditions resulting usually from severe neurological deficits. The limitations of the existing diagnosis systems and methodologies cause a need for additional tools for relevant patients with DoCs assessment, including brain-computer interfaces(BCIs). Recent progress in BCIs' clinical applications may offer important breakthroughs in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with DoCs. Thus the clinical significance of BCI applications in the diagnosis of patients with DoCs is hard to overestimate. One of them may be brain-computer interfaces. The aim of this study is to evaluate possibility of non-invasive EEG-based brain-computer interfaces in diagnosis of patients with DOCs in post-acute and long-term care institutions.展开更多
In electroencephalogram (EEG) modeling techniques, data segment selection is the first and still an important step. The influence of a set of data-segment-related parameters on feature extraction and classification in...In electroencephalogram (EEG) modeling techniques, data segment selection is the first and still an important step. The influence of a set of data-segment-related parameters on feature extraction and classification in an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) was studied. An auto search algorithm was developed to study four datasegment-related parameters in each trial of 12 subjects’ EEG. The length of data segment (LDS), the start position of data (SPD) segment, AR order, and number of trials (NT) were used to build the model. The study showed that, compared with the classification ratio (CR) without parameter selection, the CR was increased by 20% to 30% with proper selection of these data-segment-related parameters, and the optimum parameter values were subject-dependent. This suggests that the data-segment-related parameters should be individualized when building models for BCI.展开更多
Visual fixation is an item in the visual function subscale of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised （CRS-R）. Sometimes clinicians using the behavioral scales find it difficult to detect because of the motor impairment in ...Visual fixation is an item in the visual function subscale of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised （CRS-R）. Sometimes clinicians using the behavioral scales find it difficult to detect because of the motor impairment in patients with disorders of consciousness （DOCs）. Brain- computer interface （BCI） can be used to improve clinical assessment because it directly detects the brain response to an external stimulus in the absence of behavioral expres- sion. In this study, we designed a BCI system to assist the visual fixation assessment of DOC patients. The results from 15 patients indicated that three showed visual fixation in both CRS-R and BCI assessments and one did not show such behavior in the CRS-R assessment but achieved significant online accuracy in the BCI assessment. The results revealed that electroencephalography-based BCI can detect the brain response for visual fixation. Therefore, the proposed BCI may provide a promising method for assisting behavioral assessment using the CRS-R.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCI)use neural activity as a control signal to enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices.The electrical signals generated by the brain are captured through elec...Brain-computer interfaces(BCI)use neural activity as a control signal to enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices.The electrical signals generated by the brain are captured through electroencephalogram(EEG)and translated into neural intentions reflecting the user’s behavior.Correct decoding of the neural intentions then facilitates the control of external devices.Reinforcement learning-based BCIs enhance decoders to complete tasks based only on feedback signals(rewards)from the environment,building a general framework for dynamic mapping from neural intentions to actions that adapt to changing environments.However,using traditional reinforcement learning methods can have challenges such as the curse of dimensionality and poor generalization.Therefore,in this paper,we use deep reinforcement learning to construct decoders for the correct decoding of EEG signals,demonstrate its feasibility through experiments,and demonstrate its stronger generalization on motion imaging(MI)EEG data signals with high dynamic characteristics.展开更多
A two-stage state recognition method is proposed for asynchronous SSVEP(steady-state visual evoked potential) based brain-computer interface(SBCI) system.The two-stage method is composed of the idle state(IS) detectio...A two-stage state recognition method is proposed for asynchronous SSVEP(steady-state visual evoked potential) based brain-computer interface(SBCI) system.The two-stage method is composed of the idle state(IS) detection and control state(CS) discrimination modules.Based on blind source separation and continuous wavelet transform techniques,the proposed method integrates functions of multi-electrode spatial filtering and feature extraction.In IS detection module,a method using the ensemble IS feature is proposed.In CS discrimination module,the ensemble CS feature is designed as feature vector for control intent classification.Further,performance comparisons are investigated among our IS detection module and other existing ones.Also the experimental results validate the satisfactory performance of our CS discrimination module.展开更多
The tactile P300 brain-computer interface( BCI) is related to the somatosensory perception and response of the human brain,and is different from visual or audio BCIs. Recently,several studies focused on the tactile st...The tactile P300 brain-computer interface( BCI) is related to the somatosensory perception and response of the human brain,and is different from visual or audio BCIs. Recently,several studies focused on the tactile stimuli delivered to different parts of the human body. Most of these stimuli were symmetrically bilateral.Only a fewstudies explored the influence of tactile stimuli laterality.In the current study,we extensively tested the performance of a vibrotactile BCI system using ipsilateral stimuli and bilateral stimuli.Two vibrotactile P300-based paradigms were tested. The target stimuli were located on the left and right forearms for the left forearm and right forearm( LFRF) paradigm,and on the left forearm and calf for the left forearm and left calf( LFLC)paradigm. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. Our experiments and analysis showed that the bilateral paradigm( LFRF) elicited larger P300 amplitude and achieved significantly higher classification accuracy than the ipsilateral paradigm( LFLC). However, both paradigms achieved classification accuracies higher than 70% after the completion of several trials on average,which was usually regarded as the minimum accuracy level required for BCI system to be deemed useful.展开更多
A right-hand motor imagery based brain-computer interface is proposed in this work. Such a system requires the identification of different brain states and their classification. Brain signals recorded by electroenceph...A right-hand motor imagery based brain-computer interface is proposed in this work. Such a system requires the identification of different brain states and their classification. Brain signals recorded by electroencephalography are naturally contaminated by various noises and interferences. Ocular artifact removal is performed by implementing an auto-matic method “Kmeans-ICA” which does not require a reference channel. This method starts by decomposing EEG signals into Independent Components;artefactual ones are then identified using Kmeans clustering, a non-supervised machine learning technique. After signal preprocessing, a Brain computer interface system is implemented;physiologically interpretable features extracting the wavelet-coherence, the wavelet-phase locking value and band power are computed and introduced into a statistical test to check for a significant difference between relaxed and motor imagery states. Features which pass the test are conserved and used for classification. Leave One Out Cross Validation is performed to evaluate the performance of the classifier. Two types of classifiers are compared: a Linear Discriminant Analysis and a Support Vector Machine. Using a Linear Discriminant Analysis, classification accuracy improved from 66% to 88.10% after ocular artifacts removal using Kmeans-ICA. The proposed methodology outperformed state of art feature extraction methods, namely, the mu rhythm band power.展开更多
Transfer learning,as a new machine learning methodology,may solve problems in related but different domains by using existing knowledge,and it is often applied to transfer training data from another domain for model t...Transfer learning,as a new machine learning methodology,may solve problems in related but different domains by using existing knowledge,and it is often applied to transfer training data from another domain for model training in the case of insuficient training data.In recent years,an increasing number of researchers who engage in brain-computer interface(BCI),have focused on using transfer learning to make most of the available electroencephalogram data from different subjects,effectively reducing the cost of expensive data acquisition and labeling as well as greatly improving the learning performance of the model.This paper surveys the development of transfer learning and reviews the transfer learning approaches in BCI.In addition,according to the"what to transfer"question in transfer learning,this review is organized into three contexts:instance-based transfer learning,parameter-based transfer learning,and feature-based transfer learning.Furthermore,the current transfer learning applications in BCI research are summarized in terms of the transfer learning methods,datasets,evaluation performance,etc.At the end of the paper,the questions to be solved in future research are put forward,laying the foundation for the popularization and in-depth research of transfer learning in BCI.展开更多
While brain computer interfaces(BCIs)ofer the potential of allowing those sufering from loss of muscle control to once again fully engage with their environment by bypassing the afected motor system and decoding user ...While brain computer interfaces(BCIs)ofer the potential of allowing those sufering from loss of muscle control to once again fully engage with their environment by bypassing the afected motor system and decoding user intentions directly from brain activity,they are prone to errors.One possible avenue for BCI performance improvement is to detect when the BCI user perceives the BCI to have made an unintended action and thus take corrective actions.Error-related potentials(ErrPs)are neural correlates of error awareness and as such can provide an indication of when a BCI system is not performing according to the user’s intentions.Here,we investigate the brain signals of an implanted BCI user sufering from locked-in syndrome(LIS)due to late-stage ALS that prevents her from being able to speak or move but not from using her BCI at home on a daily basis to communicate,for the presence of error-related signals.We frst establish the presence of an ErrP originating from the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex(dLPFC)in response to errors made during a discrete feedback task that mimics the click-based spelling software she uses to communicate.Then,we show that this ErrP can also be elicited by cursor movement errors in a continuous BCI cursor control task.This work represents a frst step toward detecting ErrPs during the daily home use of a communications BCI.展开更多
In the study of brain-computer interfaces,a method of feature extraction and classification used fortwo kinds of imaginations is proposed.It considers Euclidean distance between mean traces recorded fromthe channels w...In the study of brain-computer interfaces,a method of feature extraction and classification used fortwo kinds of imaginations is proposed.It considers Euclidean distance between mean traces recorded fromthe channels with two kinds of imaginations as a feature,and determines imagination classes using thresh-old value.It analyzed the background of experiment and theoretical foundation referring to the data sets ofBCI 2003,and compared the classification precision with the best result of the competition.The resultshows that the method has a high precision and is advantageous for being applied to practical systems.展开更多
Abstract-Common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface （BCI）. However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on...Abstract-Common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface （BCI）. However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble （CSPE） classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.展开更多
In this paper, we proposed a new concept: depth of drowsiness, which can more precisely describe the drowsiness than existing binary description. A set of effective markers for drowsiness: normalized band norm was suc...In this paper, we proposed a new concept: depth of drowsiness, which can more precisely describe the drowsiness than existing binary description. A set of effective markers for drowsiness: normalized band norm was successfully developed. These markers are invariant from voltage amplitude of brain waves, eliminating the need for calibrating the voltage output of the brain-computer interface devices. A new polling algorithm was designed and implemented for computing the depth of drowsiness. The time cost of data acquisition and processing for each estimate is about one second, which is well suited for real-time applications. Test results with a portable brain-computer interface device show that the depth of drowsiness computed by the method in this paper is generally invariant from ages of test subjects and sensor channels (P3 and C4). The comparison between experiment and computing results indicate that the new method is noticeably better than one of the recent methods in terms of accuracy for predicting the drowsiness.展开更多
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金funded by the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (2021BZX008)the National Social Science Foundation of China (23BZX110)the National Office for Philosophy and Social Science (20&ZD045).
文摘Background Clinical brain-computer interface(BCI)for mental disorders is an emerging interdisciplinary research field,posing new ethical concerns and challenges,yet lacking practical ethical governance guidelines for stakeholders and the entire community.Aims This study aims to establish a multidisciplinary consensus of principles for ethical governance of clinical BCI research for mental disorders and offer practical ethical guidance to stakeholders involved.Methods A systematic literature review,symposium and roundtable discussions,and a pre-Delphi(round 0)survey were conducted to form the questionnaire for the three-round modified Delphi study.Two rounds of surveys,followed by a third round of independent interviews of 25 experts from BCI-related research domains,were involved.We conducted quantitative analysis of responses and agreements among experts to reveal the consensus and differences regarding the ethical governance of mental BCI research from a multidisciplinary perspective.Results The Delphi panel emphasised important concerns of ethical review practices and ethical principles within the BCI context,identified qualified and highly influential institutions and personnel in conducting and advancing clinical BCI research,and recognised prioritised aspects in the risk-benefit evaluation.Experts expressed diverse opinions on specific ethical concerns,including concerns about invasive technology,its impact on humanity and potential social consequences.Agreement was reached that the practices of ethical governance of clinical BCI for mental disorders should focus on patient voluntariness,autonomy,long-term effects and related assessments of BCI interventions,as well as privacy protection,transparent reporting and ensuring that the research is conducted in qualified institutions with strong data security.Conclusions Ethical governance of clinical research on BCI for mental disorders should include interdisciplinary experts to balance various needs and incorporate the expertise of different stakeholders to avoid serious ethical issues.It requires scientifically grounded approaches,continuous monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure evidence-based policies,comprehensive risk assessments and transparency,thereby promoting responsible innovations and protecting patient rights and well-being.
文摘In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"Guidelines for the Establishment ofNeurological Medical Service Price ltems(Trial)"recently issued bythe National Healthcare Security Administration specifically sets upseparate prospective items for new BCl technologies,which will un-doubtedly strongly facilitate the clinical application of BCl technologyas soon as possible,benefiting a broad range of patients.
文摘Brain-Computer interfacing(BCI)has currently added a new dimension in assistive robotics.Existing braincomputer interfaces designed for position control applications suffer from two fundamental limitations.First,most of the existing schemes employ open-loop control,and thus are unable to track positional errors,resulting in failures in taking necessary online corrective actions.There are examples of a few works dealing with closed-loop electroencephalography(EEG)-based position control.These existing closed-loop brain-induced position control schemes employ a fixed order link selection rule,which often creates a bottleneck preventing time-efficient control.Second,the existing brain-induced position controllers are designed to generate a position response like a traditional firstorder system,resulting in a large steady-state error.This paper overcomes the above two limitations by keeping provisions for steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)induced linkselection in an arbitrary order as required for efficient control and generating a second-order response of the position-control system with gradually diminishing overshoots/undershoots to reduce steady-state errors.Other than the above,the third innovation is to utilize motor imagery and P300 signals to design the hybrid brain-computer interfacing system for the said application with gradually diminishing error-margin using speed reversal at the zero-crossings of positional errors.Experiments undertaken reveal that the steady-state error is reduced to 0.2%.The paper also provides a thorough analysis of the stability of the closed-loop system performance using the Root Locus technique.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81222021,No.30970875,No.90920015,No.61172008 and No.81171423)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2012BAI34B02)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-10-0618)
文摘A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control system makes use of the amplitude enhancement of alpha-wave blocking in electroencephalogram(EEG) when eyes close for more than 1 s to constitute a BCI for the switch control of wheelchair movements. The system was formed by BCI control panel, data acquisition, signal processing unit and interface control circuit. Eight volunteers participated in the wheelchair control experiments according to the preset routes. The experimental results show that the mean success control rate of all the subjects was 81.3%, with the highest reaching 93.7%. When one subject's triggering time was 2.8 s, i.e., the flashing time of each cycle light was 2.8 s, the average information transfer rate was 8.10 bit/min, with the highest reaching 12.54 bit/min.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570485)the Shanghai "Chen Guang" Project (No. 09CG69).
文摘Aiming at the topic of electroencephalogram （EEG） pattern recognition in brain computer interface （BCI）, a classification method based on probabilistic neural network （PNN） with supervised learning is presented in this paper. It applies the recognition rate of training samples to the learning progress of network parameters. The learning vector quantization is employed to group training samples and the Genetic algorithm （GA） is used for training the network＇ s smoothing parameters and hidden central vector for detemlining hidden neurons. Utilizing the standard dataset I （a） of BCI Competition 2003 and comparing with other classification methods, the experiment results show that the best performance of pattern recognition Js got in this way, and the classification accuracy can reach to 93.8%, which improves over 5% compared with the best result （88.7 % ） of the competition. This technology provides an effective way to EEG classification in practical system of BCI.
文摘Disorders of consciousness(DoCs) are chronic conditions resulting usually from severe neurological deficits. The limitations of the existing diagnosis systems and methodologies cause a need for additional tools for relevant patients with DoCs assessment, including brain-computer interfaces(BCIs). Recent progress in BCIs' clinical applications may offer important breakthroughs in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with DoCs. Thus the clinical significance of BCI applications in the diagnosis of patients with DoCs is hard to overestimate. One of them may be brain-computer interfaces. The aim of this study is to evaluate possibility of non-invasive EEG-based brain-computer interfaces in diagnosis of patients with DOCs in post-acute and long-term care institutions.
文摘In electroencephalogram (EEG) modeling techniques, data segment selection is the first and still an important step. The influence of a set of data-segment-related parameters on feature extraction and classification in an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) was studied. An auto search algorithm was developed to study four datasegment-related parameters in each trial of 12 subjects’ EEG. The length of data segment (LDS), the start position of data (SPD) segment, AR order, and number of trials (NT) were used to build the model. The study showed that, compared with the classification ratio (CR) without parameter selection, the CR was increased by 20% to 30% with proper selection of these data-segment-related parameters, and the optimum parameter values were subject-dependent. This suggests that the data-segment-related parameters should be individualized when building models for BCI.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB1002505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61633010, 91420302, and 61503143)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2014A030312005 and 2014A030310244)the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou Municipality, China (201710010038)
文摘Visual fixation is an item in the visual function subscale of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised （CRS-R）. Sometimes clinicians using the behavioral scales find it difficult to detect because of the motor impairment in patients with disorders of consciousness （DOCs）. Brain- computer interface （BCI） can be used to improve clinical assessment because it directly detects the brain response to an external stimulus in the absence of behavioral expres- sion. In this study, we designed a BCI system to assist the visual fixation assessment of DOC patients. The results from 15 patients indicated that three showed visual fixation in both CRS-R and BCI assessments and one did not show such behavior in the CRS-R assessment but achieved significant online accuracy in the BCI assessment. The results revealed that electroencephalography-based BCI can detect the brain response for visual fixation. Therefore, the proposed BCI may provide a promising method for assisting behavioral assessment using the CRS-R.
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCI)use neural activity as a control signal to enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices.The electrical signals generated by the brain are captured through electroencephalogram(EEG)and translated into neural intentions reflecting the user’s behavior.Correct decoding of the neural intentions then facilitates the control of external devices.Reinforcement learning-based BCIs enhance decoders to complete tasks based only on feedback signals(rewards)from the environment,building a general framework for dynamic mapping from neural intentions to actions that adapt to changing environments.However,using traditional reinforcement learning methods can have challenges such as the curse of dimensionality and poor generalization.Therefore,in this paper,we use deep reinforcement learning to construct decoders for the correct decoding of EEG signals,demonstrate its feasibility through experiments,and demonstrate its stronger generalization on motion imaging(MI)EEG data signals with high dynamic characteristics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(90820305,60775040)
文摘A two-stage state recognition method is proposed for asynchronous SSVEP(steady-state visual evoked potential) based brain-computer interface(SBCI) system.The two-stage method is composed of the idle state(IS) detection and control state(CS) discrimination modules.Based on blind source separation and continuous wavelet transform techniques,the proposed method integrates functions of multi-electrode spatial filtering and feature extraction.In IS detection module,a method using the ensemble IS feature is proposed.In CS discrimination module,the ensemble CS feature is designed as feature vector for control intent classification.Further,performance comparisons are investigated among our IS detection module and other existing ones.Also the experimental results validate the satisfactory performance of our CS discrimination module.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2017YFB13003002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61573142,61773164,91420302)Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(the 111 Project)(No.B17017)
文摘The tactile P300 brain-computer interface( BCI) is related to the somatosensory perception and response of the human brain,and is different from visual or audio BCIs. Recently,several studies focused on the tactile stimuli delivered to different parts of the human body. Most of these stimuli were symmetrically bilateral.Only a fewstudies explored the influence of tactile stimuli laterality.In the current study,we extensively tested the performance of a vibrotactile BCI system using ipsilateral stimuli and bilateral stimuli.Two vibrotactile P300-based paradigms were tested. The target stimuli were located on the left and right forearms for the left forearm and right forearm( LFRF) paradigm,and on the left forearm and calf for the left forearm and left calf( LFLC)paradigm. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. Our experiments and analysis showed that the bilateral paradigm( LFRF) elicited larger P300 amplitude and achieved significantly higher classification accuracy than the ipsilateral paradigm( LFLC). However, both paradigms achieved classification accuracies higher than 70% after the completion of several trials on average,which was usually regarded as the minimum accuracy level required for BCI system to be deemed useful.
文摘A right-hand motor imagery based brain-computer interface is proposed in this work. Such a system requires the identification of different brain states and their classification. Brain signals recorded by electroencephalography are naturally contaminated by various noises and interferences. Ocular artifact removal is performed by implementing an auto-matic method “Kmeans-ICA” which does not require a reference channel. This method starts by decomposing EEG signals into Independent Components;artefactual ones are then identified using Kmeans clustering, a non-supervised machine learning technique. After signal preprocessing, a Brain computer interface system is implemented;physiologically interpretable features extracting the wavelet-coherence, the wavelet-phase locking value and band power are computed and introduced into a statistical test to check for a significant difference between relaxed and motor imagery states. Features which pass the test are conserved and used for classification. Leave One Out Cross Validation is performed to evaluate the performance of the classifier. Two types of classifiers are compared: a Linear Discriminant Analysis and a Support Vector Machine. Using a Linear Discriminant Analysis, classification accuracy improved from 66% to 88.10% after ocular artifacts removal using Kmeans-ICA. The proposed methodology outperformed state of art feature extraction methods, namely, the mu rhythm band power.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11832003 and 81471770)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.4182009)。
文摘Transfer learning,as a new machine learning methodology,may solve problems in related but different domains by using existing knowledge,and it is often applied to transfer training data from another domain for model training in the case of insuficient training data.In recent years,an increasing number of researchers who engage in brain-computer interface(BCI),have focused on using transfer learning to make most of the available electroencephalogram data from different subjects,effectively reducing the cost of expensive data acquisition and labeling as well as greatly improving the learning performance of the model.This paper surveys the development of transfer learning and reviews the transfer learning approaches in BCI.In addition,according to the"what to transfer"question in transfer learning,this review is organized into three contexts:instance-based transfer learning,parameter-based transfer learning,and feature-based transfer learning.Furthermore,the current transfer learning applications in BCI research are summarized in terms of the transfer learning methods,datasets,evaluation performance,etc.At the end of the paper,the questions to be solved in future research are put forward,laying the foundation for the popularization and in-depth research of transfer learning in BCI.
文摘While brain computer interfaces(BCIs)ofer the potential of allowing those sufering from loss of muscle control to once again fully engage with their environment by bypassing the afected motor system and decoding user intentions directly from brain activity,they are prone to errors.One possible avenue for BCI performance improvement is to detect when the BCI user perceives the BCI to have made an unintended action and thus take corrective actions.Error-related potentials(ErrPs)are neural correlates of error awareness and as such can provide an indication of when a BCI system is not performing according to the user’s intentions.Here,we investigate the brain signals of an implanted BCI user sufering from locked-in syndrome(LIS)due to late-stage ALS that prevents her from being able to speak or move but not from using her BCI at home on a daily basis to communicate,for the presence of error-related signals.We frst establish the presence of an ErrP originating from the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex(dLPFC)in response to errors made during a discrete feedback task that mimics the click-based spelling software she uses to communicate.Then,we show that this ErrP can also be elicited by cursor movement errors in a continuous BCI cursor control task.This work represents a frst step toward detecting ErrPs during the daily home use of a communications BCI.
基金supported by the Shanghai Education Commission Foundation for Excellent Young High Education Teacher(No.sdj08001)
文摘In the study of brain-computer interfaces,a method of feature extraction and classification used fortwo kinds of imaginations is proposed.It considers Euclidean distance between mean traces recorded fromthe channels with two kinds of imaginations as a feature,and determines imagination classes using thresh-old value.It analyzed the background of experiment and theoretical foundation referring to the data sets ofBCI 2003,and compared the classification precision with the best result of the competition.The resultshows that the method has a high precision and is advantageous for being applied to practical systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 30525030, 60701015, and 60736029.
文摘Abstract-Common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface （BCI）. However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble （CSPE） classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.
文摘In this paper, we proposed a new concept: depth of drowsiness, which can more precisely describe the drowsiness than existing binary description. A set of effective markers for drowsiness: normalized band norm was successfully developed. These markers are invariant from voltage amplitude of brain waves, eliminating the need for calibrating the voltage output of the brain-computer interface devices. A new polling algorithm was designed and implemented for computing the depth of drowsiness. The time cost of data acquisition and processing for each estimate is about one second, which is well suited for real-time applications. Test results with a portable brain-computer interface device show that the depth of drowsiness computed by the method in this paper is generally invariant from ages of test subjects and sensor channels (P3 and C4). The comparison between experiment and computing results indicate that the new method is noticeably better than one of the recent methods in terms of accuracy for predicting the drowsiness.
