Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form ...Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form an empirically validated model,and(3)how they interact within this model,through systematic analysis of 9,207 discussion forum posts from a Chinese University MOOC platform.Results demonstrate that learning drive,course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,expected outcomes,and online learning context significantly influence EFL online interactive learning.The analysis reveals two key mechanisms:expected outcomes mediate the effects of learning drive(β=0.45),course structure,teaching competence,and interaction behavior(β=0.35)on learning outcomes,while online learning context moderates these relationships(β=0.25).Specifically,learning drive provides intrinsic/extrinsic motivation,whereas course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,and expected outcomes collectively enhance interaction quality and sustainability.These findings,derived through rigorous grounded theory methodology involving open,axial,and selective coding of large-scale interaction data,yield three key contributions:(1)a comprehensive theoretical model of EFL online learning dynamics,(2)empirical validation of mediation/moderation mechanisms,and(3)practical strategies for designing scaffolded interaction protocols and adaptive feedback systems.The study establishes that its theoretically saturated model(achieved after analyzing 7,366 posts with 1,841 verification cases)offers educators evidence-based approaches to optimize collaborative interaction in digital EFL environments.展开更多
This paper mainly deals with two mainstreams in teaching listening comprehension:bottom-up processing approach and top-down processing approach.In the first part of the essay the importance of listening comprehension ...This paper mainly deals with two mainstreams in teaching listening comprehension:bottom-up processing approach and top-down processing approach.In the first part of the essay the importance of listening comprehension in language learning will be demonstrated briefly.Then the author will go on to explore the nature of top-down and bottom-up approaches in teaching listening.Lastly,at the third part of the essay,the author shall try to discuss the possibility of applying these approaches into practice,that is,when and why one of them is more useful.Furthermore in this section,a more integrated view will be introduced.展开更多
Considering the status-quo of extensive reading and its indispensible role in English learning, this thesis sets out to make a brief study of teaching extensive reading to non-English majors by applying interactive te...Considering the status-quo of extensive reading and its indispensible role in English learning, this thesis sets out to make a brief study of teaching extensive reading to non-English majors by applying interactive teaching approach. Outlining the applications of the approach and introduction of portfolio assessment to test the learning outcomes, the author intends to explore the effectiveness of teaching extensive reading.展开更多
Traditionally,second language reading was considered as a simple passive decoding process.However,researchers began to study the issue from the psycholinguistic perspectives,and proposed the interactive approach to ES...Traditionally,second language reading was considered as a simple passive decoding process.However,researchers began to study the issue from the psycholinguistic perspectives,and proposed the interactive approach to ESL reading.In this thesis,a brief review is made concerning the related theories.Some strategies are suggested to improve learners’ability in top-down and bottom-up models.Finally,it is pointed out that these two models interact in the reading process,and therefore the teaching methods should also be applied in good combination to improve reading.展开更多
We present main ideas of a recently proposed method for interactive multiobjective optimization,which is based on application of a logical preference model built using the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach(DRSA).
An interactive strategies-based approach to reading teaching involves both bottom-up and top-down skills,which if developed conjointly,will not only improve students'reading comprehension and reading rate but also...An interactive strategies-based approach to reading teaching involves both bottom-up and top-down skills,which if developed conjointly,will not only improve students'reading comprehension and reading rate but also facilitate their ability of writing.展开更多
Reading plays a crucial role in English teaching and learning in the Chinese context. The interactive approach is an ef-fective way to search for a solution to students' poor EFL reading comprehension and the impr...Reading plays a crucial role in English teaching and learning in the Chinese context. The interactive approach is an ef-fective way to search for a solution to students' poor EFL reading comprehension and the improvement of China's EFL readingteaching. Therefore, there is a need to build reading strategies to teach EFL reading through the interactive approach. Meanwhile,some implications of the interactive approach to teaching reading in the EFL classes will be discussed.展开更多
Safe and just operating spaces(SJOS)are influenced by complex cross-scale interactions and cascading effects spanning global,regional,and local landscape scales.However,existing SJOS research has often focused on sing...Safe and just operating spaces(SJOS)are influenced by complex cross-scale interactions and cascading effects spanning global,regional,and local landscape scales.However,existing SJOS research has often focused on single-scale assessments,overlooking the impacts of multiscale interactions and within-region heterogeneity on urban SJOS.To address this gap,we developed a cross-scale framework for assessing urban SJOS,explicitly incorporating top-down influences from upper-level constraints and bottom-up effects from lower-level heterogeneity.This approach was applied to China's five major metropolises to examine the states and cross-scale dynamics influencing urban SJOS between 1990 and 2020.Our findings reveal that the SJOS of China's metropolises were primarily influenced by factors at national and local landscape scales,with weaker influences from the global and continental scales.A persistent trade-off between social justice and environmental safety was identified across spatiotemporal scales.For instance,Chongqing in southwestern China lagged behind the eastern four metropolises in social performance but exhibited stronger environmental safety due to its extensive natural landscapes,which mitigated the anthropogenic impacts of urban centers.Regional issues,such as the overshoot of PM_(2.5)and ecological footprints(EF),were primarily driven by the bottom-up accumulation of localized pressures,while the overshoot of CO_(2)was attributed to national policy constraints and the universal exceedance of safe thresholds across scales.Addressing urban sustainability requires avoiding adverse cascading effects from other levels by emphasizing landscape heterogeneity within metropolises and fostering coordinated collaboration across scales,particularly at the regional landscape and national levels.展开更多
Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc...Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.展开更多
Cancer deaths and new cases worldwide are projected to rise by 47%by 2040,with transitioning countries experiencing an even higher increase of up to 95%.Tumor severity is profoundly influenced by the timing,accuracy,a...Cancer deaths and new cases worldwide are projected to rise by 47%by 2040,with transitioning countries experiencing an even higher increase of up to 95%.Tumor severity is profoundly influenced by the timing,accuracy,and stage of diagnosis,which directly impacts clinical decision-making.Various biological entities,including genes,proteins,mRNAs,miRNAs,and metabolites,contribute to cancer development.The emergence of multi-omics technologies has transformed cancer research by revealing molecular alterations across multiple biological layers.This integrative approach supports the notion that cancer is fundamentally driven by such alterations,enabling the discovery ofmolecular signatures for precision oncology.This reviewexplores the role of AI-drivenmulti-omics analyses in cancer medicine,emphasizing their potential to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets,enhance understanding of Tumor biology,and address integration challenges in clinical workflows.Network biology analyzes identified ERBB2,KRAS,and TP53 as top hub genes in lung cancer based on Maximal Clique Centrality(MCC)scores.In contrast,TP53,ERBB2,ESR1,MYC,and BRCA1 emerged as central regulators in breast cancer,linked to cell proliferation,hormonal signaling,and genomic stability.The review also discusses how specific Artificial Intelligence(AI)algorithms can streamline the integration of heterogeneous datasets,facilitate the interpretation of the tumor microenvironment,and support data-driven clinical strategies.展开更多
Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with hi...Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography(HPHIC). Compared to the separation of the same intermediates with weak anion exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography the result obtained with HPHIC is the best It would be expected that HPHIC may be a strongly potential tool to separate intermediates of some proteins which cannot be, or cannot completely be refolded by HPHIC.展开更多
In the acquisition of a second language, the learner feels motivated to create verbal exchanges in order to build relationships with his/her partners but especially xo grow discursive and formative skills at the same ...In the acquisition of a second language, the learner feels motivated to create verbal exchanges in order to build relationships with his/her partners but especially xo grow discursive and formative skills at the same time. Under this aspect, we＇re going to investigate, firstly, what the role of creativity is in interactions in the language class. On the other hand, the adoption of creative interaction techniques allows the group to take a new look in the face of its learning （apprenticeship）, to better manage its potential. Finally, it would be interesting to propose the realization of a project of creative communication, to re-explore creativity in problem solving through the techniques of the game, giving more importance to the performance of more or less complex tasks and the development of the project in a holistic and action-oriented approach.展开更多
Ordered GeSi nanowires with a ～ 10nm cross section are fabricated utilizing top-down and Ge condensation techniques. In transmission electron microscopy measurements, the obtained GeSi nanowires exhibit a single-crys...Ordered GeSi nanowires with a ～ 10nm cross section are fabricated utilizing top-down and Ge condensation techniques. In transmission electron microscopy measurements, the obtained GeSi nanowires exhibit a single-crystal structure and a smooth Ge/SiO2 interface. Due to the linear relationship between the cross-section area and the initial pattern size under the self-limited oxidation condition, the cross-section size of GeSi nanowires can be precisely controlled. The Raman spectra reveal a high Ge fraction （up to 97%） and a biaxial strain of the GeSi nanowires. This top-down technique is promising for fabrication of high-performance GeSi nanowire based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we p...The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we present such a study with a numerical experiment using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model(FVCOM).The hurricane track is simplified as a straight line,such that V andθfully define the motion of the hurricane.The maximum surge is contributed by both free waves and a forced storm surge wave moving with the hurricane.Among the free waves,Kelvin-type waves can only propagate in the down-coast direction.Simulations show that those waves can only have a significant positive storm surge when the hurricane velocity has a down-coast component.The optimal values of V andθthat maximize the storm surge in an idealized semi-circular ocean basin are functions of the bathymetry.For a constant bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs when the hurricane approaches the coast from the normal direction when the free wave generation is minimal;for a stepped bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs at a certain acute approach angle which maximizes the duration of persistent wind forcing;a step-like bathymetry with a sloped shelf is similar to the stepped bathymetry,with the added possibility of landfall resonance when the free and forced waves are moving at about the same velocity.For other cases,the storm surge is smaller,given other parameters(hurricane size,maximum wind speed,etc.)unchanged.展开更多
Simple analytical expressions for one- and two-body matrix elements in the unitary group approach to the configuration interaction problems of many-electron systems are obtained based on the previous results for gener...Simple analytical expressions for one- and two-body matrix elements in the unitary group approach to the configuration interaction problems of many-electron systems are obtained based on the previous results for general irreps.展开更多
Many approaches to teaching reading are available now.However,what these approaches are and how to select one from them is still puzzling many English teachers.The paper analyses three current perspectives on how to t...Many approaches to teaching reading are available now.However,what these approaches are and how to select one from them is still puzzling many English teachers.The paper analyses three current perspectives on how to teach reading and discusses how these affect the way reading is taught and gives an evaluation of these approaches.展开更多
Abnormal approach-avoidance behavior has been linked to deficits in the mesolimbic dopamine（DA）system of the brain. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）, an important pattern...Abnormal approach-avoidance behavior has been linked to deficits in the mesolimbic dopamine（DA）system of the brain. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）, an important pattern-recognition receptor in the innate immune system,can be directly activated by substances of abuse, resulting in an increase of the extracellular DA level in the nucleus accumbens. We thus hypothesized that TLR4-dependent signaling might regulate approach-avoidance behavior. To test this hypothesis, we compared the novelty-seeking and social interaction behaviors of TLR4-deficient（TLR4^（-/-））and wild-type（WT） mice in an approach-avoidance conflict situation in which the positive motivation to explore a novel object or interact with an unfamiliar mouse was counteracted by the negative motivation to hide in exposed,large spaces. We found that TLR4^（-/-）mice exhibitedreduced novelty-seeking and social interaction in the large open spaces. In less stressful test apparatuses similar in size to the mouse cage, however, TLR4^（-/-）mice performed normally in both novelty-seeking and social interaction tests. The reduced exploratory behaviors under approachavoidance conflict were not due to a high anxiety level or an enhanced fear response in the TLR4^（-/-）mice, as these mice showed normal anxiety and fear responses in the open field and passive avoidance tests, respectively. Importantly,the novelty-seeking behavior in the large open field induced a higher level of c-Fos activation in the nucleus accumbens shell（NAc Sh） in TLR4^（-/-）mice than in WT mice. Partially inactivating the NAc Sh via infusion of GABA receptor agonists restored the novelty-seeking behavior of TLR4^（-/-）mice. These data suggested that TLR4 is crucial for positive motivational behavior under approach-avoidance conflict. TLR4-dependent activation of neurons in the NAc Sh may contribute to this phenomenon.展开更多
The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themse...The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themselves.This paper explores practical strategies for implementing this model,focusing on four key aspects:deepening teachers’understanding of the model through continuous learning,innovating interactive methods such as questioning techniques and practical activities,leveraging modern technology to integrate resources and track learning progress,and establishing a communication platform that centers on student participation.By adopting these approaches,the model fosters a student-centered classroom environment,improves comprehensive English application skills,and optimizes overall teaching quality.展开更多
We present quantum mechanical vibrational computations beyond the harmonic approximation from effective second order perturbative and variation perturbation treatments defined as static approaches, as well as vibratio...We present quantum mechanical vibrational computations beyond the harmonic approximation from effective second order perturbative and variation perturbation treatments defined as static approaches, as well as vibrational analysis from density functional theory molecular dynamics trajectories at 300 and 600 K. The four schemes are compared in terms of prediction of fundamental transitions, and simulation of the corresponding medium infrared spectrum at the same level of theory using the B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） description of the electronic structure. We summarize conclusions about advantages and drawbacks of these two approaches and report the main results obtained for semi-rigid and flexible molecules.展开更多
文摘Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form an empirically validated model,and(3)how they interact within this model,through systematic analysis of 9,207 discussion forum posts from a Chinese University MOOC platform.Results demonstrate that learning drive,course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,expected outcomes,and online learning context significantly influence EFL online interactive learning.The analysis reveals two key mechanisms:expected outcomes mediate the effects of learning drive(β=0.45),course structure,teaching competence,and interaction behavior(β=0.35)on learning outcomes,while online learning context moderates these relationships(β=0.25).Specifically,learning drive provides intrinsic/extrinsic motivation,whereas course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,and expected outcomes collectively enhance interaction quality and sustainability.These findings,derived through rigorous grounded theory methodology involving open,axial,and selective coding of large-scale interaction data,yield three key contributions:(1)a comprehensive theoretical model of EFL online learning dynamics,(2)empirical validation of mediation/moderation mechanisms,and(3)practical strategies for designing scaffolded interaction protocols and adaptive feedback systems.The study establishes that its theoretically saturated model(achieved after analyzing 7,366 posts with 1,841 verification cases)offers educators evidence-based approaches to optimize collaborative interaction in digital EFL environments.
文摘This paper mainly deals with two mainstreams in teaching listening comprehension:bottom-up processing approach and top-down processing approach.In the first part of the essay the importance of listening comprehension in language learning will be demonstrated briefly.Then the author will go on to explore the nature of top-down and bottom-up approaches in teaching listening.Lastly,at the third part of the essay,the author shall try to discuss the possibility of applying these approaches into practice,that is,when and why one of them is more useful.Furthermore in this section,a more integrated view will be introduced.
文摘Considering the status-quo of extensive reading and its indispensible role in English learning, this thesis sets out to make a brief study of teaching extensive reading to non-English majors by applying interactive teaching approach. Outlining the applications of the approach and introduction of portfolio assessment to test the learning outcomes, the author intends to explore the effectiveness of teaching extensive reading.
文摘Traditionally,second language reading was considered as a simple passive decoding process.However,researchers began to study the issue from the psycholinguistic perspectives,and proposed the interactive approach to ESL reading.In this thesis,a brief review is made concerning the related theories.Some strategies are suggested to improve learners’ability in top-down and bottom-up models.Finally,it is pointed out that these two models interact in the reading process,and therefore the teaching methods should also be applied in good combination to improve reading.
文摘We present main ideas of a recently proposed method for interactive multiobjective optimization,which is based on application of a logical preference model built using the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach(DRSA).
文摘An interactive strategies-based approach to reading teaching involves both bottom-up and top-down skills,which if developed conjointly,will not only improve students'reading comprehension and reading rate but also facilitate their ability of writing.
文摘Reading plays a crucial role in English teaching and learning in the Chinese context. The interactive approach is an ef-fective way to search for a solution to students' poor EFL reading comprehension and the improvement of China's EFL readingteaching. Therefore, there is a need to build reading strategies to teach EFL reading through the interactive approach. Meanwhile,some implications of the interactive approach to teaching reading in the EFL classes will be discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42101296)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0041)Chongqing Municipal Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(Grants No.S202410635155 and X202410635116)。
文摘Safe and just operating spaces(SJOS)are influenced by complex cross-scale interactions and cascading effects spanning global,regional,and local landscape scales.However,existing SJOS research has often focused on single-scale assessments,overlooking the impacts of multiscale interactions and within-region heterogeneity on urban SJOS.To address this gap,we developed a cross-scale framework for assessing urban SJOS,explicitly incorporating top-down influences from upper-level constraints and bottom-up effects from lower-level heterogeneity.This approach was applied to China's five major metropolises to examine the states and cross-scale dynamics influencing urban SJOS between 1990 and 2020.Our findings reveal that the SJOS of China's metropolises were primarily influenced by factors at national and local landscape scales,with weaker influences from the global and continental scales.A persistent trade-off between social justice and environmental safety was identified across spatiotemporal scales.For instance,Chongqing in southwestern China lagged behind the eastern four metropolises in social performance but exhibited stronger environmental safety due to its extensive natural landscapes,which mitigated the anthropogenic impacts of urban centers.Regional issues,such as the overshoot of PM_(2.5)and ecological footprints(EF),were primarily driven by the bottom-up accumulation of localized pressures,while the overshoot of CO_(2)was attributed to national policy constraints and the universal exceedance of safe thresholds across scales.Addressing urban sustainability requires avoiding adverse cascading effects from other levels by emphasizing landscape heterogeneity within metropolises and fostering coordinated collaboration across scales,particularly at the regional landscape and national levels.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3712504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22073043,and 22033004)。
文摘Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.
基金funded by KAU Endowment(WAQF)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Cancer deaths and new cases worldwide are projected to rise by 47%by 2040,with transitioning countries experiencing an even higher increase of up to 95%.Tumor severity is profoundly influenced by the timing,accuracy,and stage of diagnosis,which directly impacts clinical decision-making.Various biological entities,including genes,proteins,mRNAs,miRNAs,and metabolites,contribute to cancer development.The emergence of multi-omics technologies has transformed cancer research by revealing molecular alterations across multiple biological layers.This integrative approach supports the notion that cancer is fundamentally driven by such alterations,enabling the discovery ofmolecular signatures for precision oncology.This reviewexplores the role of AI-drivenmulti-omics analyses in cancer medicine,emphasizing their potential to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets,enhance understanding of Tumor biology,and address integration challenges in clinical workflows.Network biology analyzes identified ERBB2,KRAS,and TP53 as top hub genes in lung cancer based on Maximal Clique Centrality(MCC)scores.In contrast,TP53,ERBB2,ESR1,MYC,and BRCA1 emerged as central regulators in breast cancer,linked to cell proliferation,hormonal signaling,and genomic stability.The review also discusses how specific Artificial Intelligence(AI)algorithms can streamline the integration of heterogeneous datasets,facilitate the interpretation of the tumor microenvironment,and support data-driven clinical strategies.
文摘Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography(HPHIC). Compared to the separation of the same intermediates with weak anion exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography the result obtained with HPHIC is the best It would be expected that HPHIC may be a strongly potential tool to separate intermediates of some proteins which cannot be, or cannot completely be refolded by HPHIC.
文摘In the acquisition of a second language, the learner feels motivated to create verbal exchanges in order to build relationships with his/her partners but especially xo grow discursive and formative skills at the same time. Under this aspect, we＇re going to investigate, firstly, what the role of creativity is in interactions in the language class. On the other hand, the adoption of creative interaction techniques allows the group to take a new look in the face of its learning （apprenticeship）, to better manage its potential. Finally, it would be interesting to propose the realization of a project of creative communication, to re-explore creativity in problem solving through the techniques of the game, giving more importance to the performance of more or less complex tasks and the development of the project in a holistic and action-oriented approach.
基金Supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61335002the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2015AA016904+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11574102the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos2013CB933303 and 2013CB632104
文摘Ordered GeSi nanowires with a ～ 10nm cross section are fabricated utilizing top-down and Ge condensation techniques. In transmission electron microscopy measurements, the obtained GeSi nanowires exhibit a single-crystal structure and a smooth Ge/SiO2 interface. Due to the linear relationship between the cross-section area and the initial pattern size under the self-limited oxidation condition, the cross-section size of GeSi nanowires can be precisely controlled. The Raman spectra reveal a high Ge fraction （up to 97%） and a biaxial strain of the GeSi nanowires. This top-down technique is promising for fabrication of high-performance GeSi nanowire based optoelectronic devices.
基金The National Key R&D Project under contract No.2017YFC1404201
文摘The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we present such a study with a numerical experiment using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model(FVCOM).The hurricane track is simplified as a straight line,such that V andθfully define the motion of the hurricane.The maximum surge is contributed by both free waves and a forced storm surge wave moving with the hurricane.Among the free waves,Kelvin-type waves can only propagate in the down-coast direction.Simulations show that those waves can only have a significant positive storm surge when the hurricane velocity has a down-coast component.The optimal values of V andθthat maximize the storm surge in an idealized semi-circular ocean basin are functions of the bathymetry.For a constant bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs when the hurricane approaches the coast from the normal direction when the free wave generation is minimal;for a stepped bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs at a certain acute approach angle which maximizes the duration of persistent wind forcing;a step-like bathymetry with a sloped shelf is similar to the stepped bathymetry,with the added possibility of landfall resonance when the free and forced waves are moving at about the same velocity.For other cases,the storm surge is smaller,given other parameters(hurricane size,maximum wind speed,etc.)unchanged.
文摘Simple analytical expressions for one- and two-body matrix elements in the unitary group approach to the configuration interaction problems of many-electron systems are obtained based on the previous results for general irreps.
文摘Many approaches to teaching reading are available now.However,what these approaches are and how to select one from them is still puzzling many English teachers.The paper analyses three current perspectives on how to teach reading and discusses how these affect the way reading is taught and gives an evaluation of these approaches.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)of China(2013CB530902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91132712,81571125,81221003 and 81300979)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LR12C09001 and Q13C090002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2014FZA7008)partly supported by a Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation grant(2015M570501)
文摘Abnormal approach-avoidance behavior has been linked to deficits in the mesolimbic dopamine（DA）system of the brain. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）, an important pattern-recognition receptor in the innate immune system,can be directly activated by substances of abuse, resulting in an increase of the extracellular DA level in the nucleus accumbens. We thus hypothesized that TLR4-dependent signaling might regulate approach-avoidance behavior. To test this hypothesis, we compared the novelty-seeking and social interaction behaviors of TLR4-deficient（TLR4^（-/-））and wild-type（WT） mice in an approach-avoidance conflict situation in which the positive motivation to explore a novel object or interact with an unfamiliar mouse was counteracted by the negative motivation to hide in exposed,large spaces. We found that TLR4^（-/-）mice exhibitedreduced novelty-seeking and social interaction in the large open spaces. In less stressful test apparatuses similar in size to the mouse cage, however, TLR4^（-/-）mice performed normally in both novelty-seeking and social interaction tests. The reduced exploratory behaviors under approachavoidance conflict were not due to a high anxiety level or an enhanced fear response in the TLR4^（-/-）mice, as these mice showed normal anxiety and fear responses in the open field and passive avoidance tests, respectively. Importantly,the novelty-seeking behavior in the large open field induced a higher level of c-Fos activation in the nucleus accumbens shell（NAc Sh） in TLR4^（-/-）mice than in WT mice. Partially inactivating the NAc Sh via infusion of GABA receptor agonists restored the novelty-seeking behavior of TLR4^（-/-）mice. These data suggested that TLR4 is crucial for positive motivational behavior under approach-avoidance conflict. TLR4-dependent activation of neurons in the NAc Sh may contribute to this phenomenon.
文摘The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themselves.This paper explores practical strategies for implementing this model,focusing on four key aspects:deepening teachers’understanding of the model through continuous learning,innovating interactive methods such as questioning techniques and practical activities,leveraging modern technology to integrate resources and track learning progress,and establishing a communication platform that centers on student participation.By adopting these approaches,the model fosters a student-centered classroom environment,improves comprehensive English application skills,and optimizes overall teaching quality.
文摘We present quantum mechanical vibrational computations beyond the harmonic approximation from effective second order perturbative and variation perturbation treatments defined as static approaches, as well as vibrational analysis from density functional theory molecular dynamics trajectories at 300 and 600 K. The four schemes are compared in terms of prediction of fundamental transitions, and simulation of the corresponding medium infrared spectrum at the same level of theory using the B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） description of the electronic structure. We summarize conclusions about advantages and drawbacks of these two approaches and report the main results obtained for semi-rigid and flexible molecules.
