China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of energy,and ranks first in its wind and solar power installation capacity.However,serious wind and solar curtailment in China has significantly hindered th...China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of energy,and ranks first in its wind and solar power installation capacity.However,serious wind and solar curtailment in China has significantly hindered the development and utilization of renewable energy.To address problems in the consumption of renewable energy,this paper analyzes four key factors affecting the capacity of power generated from renewable energy sources:power balance,power regulation performance,transmission capacity,and load level.Focusing on these bottlenecks,we propose seven solutions:centralized and distributed development of renewable energy,improving the peak-load regulation flexibility of thermal power,increasing the proportion of gas turbines and pumped-hydropower storage,construction of transmission channels and a flexible smart grid developing demand response and virtual power plants,adopting new energy active support and energy storage,and establishing appropriate policies and market mechanisms.The Chinese Government and energy authorities have issued a series of policies and measures,and in the past three years,China has had remarkable achievements in the adoption of renewable energy.The rate of idle wind capacity decreased from 17%in 2016 to 7%in 2018,and that of solar decreased from 10%in 2016 to 3%in 2018.展开更多
The process of endowment insurance system plan as a whole is an important step of old-age insurance system reform in our country. At present, the process of endowment insurance system plan as a whole＇s process etxcou...The process of endowment insurance system plan as a whole is an important step of old-age insurance system reform in our country. At present, the process of endowment insurance system plan as a whole＇s process etxcountered bottlenecks. Come to the conclusion after analysis, the basic old-age insurance system across the country plan as a whole facing same questions, such as the regional income is different, the regional replacement rate of endowment insurance system is different, the ＂fragmentation＂ phenomenon of regional endowment insurance system, impact both fairness and efficiency of the basic endowment insurance system.展开更多
Identifying bottlenecks and analyzing their characteristics are important tasks to city traffic management authorities.Although the speed difference was proposed for the bottleneck identification in the existing resea...Identifying bottlenecks and analyzing their characteristics are important tasks to city traffic management authorities.Although the speed difference was proposed for the bottleneck identification in the existing research,the use of a secondary indicator has not been fully discussed.This paper strived to develop a method to identify the bottleneck on expressways by using the massive floating car data(FCD)in Beijing.First,the speed characteristics of bottlenecks on expressway were analyzed based on the speed contour map.The results indicated that there was a significant difference between speeds on the bottleneck and downstream links when a bottleneck was observed.The speed difference could indeed be used as the primary indicator to identify the bottleneck.However,it was also shown that a sufficiently large speed difference does not necessitate an activation of a bottleneck.The speed-at-capacity was then used as the secondary indicator to distinguish the real bottleneck from the non-bottleneck speed difference.Second,a practical method for identifying the bottleneck on expressways was developed based on the speed difference and the speed-at-capacity.Finally,the method was applied to identifying the bottlenecks of the 3rd Outer Ring Expressway in Beijing.The duration,affected distance,delay and cause were used to evaluate and analyze the bottlenecks.展开更多
The remanufacturing system is remolding the manufacturing industry by bringing scrapped products back to such a condition that reintegrated performance is just as good as new.The remanufacturing environment is feature...The remanufacturing system is remolding the manufacturing industry by bringing scrapped products back to such a condition that reintegrated performance is just as good as new.The remanufacturing environment is featured by a far deeper level of uncertainty than new manufacturing,such as probabilistic routing files,and highly variable processing time.The stochastic disturbances result in the production bottlenecks,which constrain the productivity of the job shop.The uncertainties in the remanufacturing process cause the bottlenecks to shift when the workshop is processing.Considering this outstanding problem,many researchers try to optimize the production process to mitigate dynamic bottlenecks toward a balanced state.This paper proposes a data-driven method to predict bottlenecks in the remanufacturing system with multi-variant uncertainties.Firstly,discrete event simulation technology is applied to establish a simulation model of the remanufacturing production line and calculate the bottleneck index to identify bottlenecks.Secondly,a data-driven method,auto-regressive moving average(ARMA)model is employed to predict the bottlenecks in the system based on real-time data captured by the Arena software.Finally,the proposed prediction method is verified on real data from the automobile engine remanufacturing production line.展开更多
A control strategy of variable speed limits(VSL)was developed to reduce the travel time at freeway recurrent bottleneck areas.The proposed control strategy particularly focused on preventing the capacity drop and incr...A control strategy of variable speed limits(VSL)was developed to reduce the travel time at freeway recurrent bottleneck areas.The proposed control strategy particularly focused on preventing the capacity drop and increasing the discharge flow.A cell transmission model(CTM)was developed to evaluate the effects of the proposed VSL control strategy on the traffic operations.The results show that the total travel time is reduced by 25.5% and the delay is reduced by 56.1%.The average travel speed is increased by 34.3% and the queue length is reduced by 31.0%.The traffic operation is improved by the proposed VSL control strategy.The way to use the proposed VSL control strategy in different types of freeway bottlenecks was also discussed by considering different traffic flow characteristics.It is concluded that the VSL control strategy is effective for merge bottlenecks but is less effective for diverge bottlenecks.展开更多
This paper analyzes of the bottleneck to influence the running efficiency of educational administration system in universities and colleges,and from the system deployment architecture, server configuration, database S...This paper analyzes of the bottleneck to influence the running efficiency of educational administration system in universities and colleges,and from the system deployment architecture, server configuration, database SQL statement optimization and other aspects, it puts forwards the optimization scheme.展开更多
In this paper, we study the effect of moving bottlenecks on traffic flow. The full velocity difference （FVD） model is extended to the traffic flow on a two-lane highway, and new lane changing rule is proposed to rep...In this paper, we study the effect of moving bottlenecks on traffic flow. The full velocity difference （FVD） model is extended to the traffic flow on a two-lane highway, and new lane changing rule is proposed to reproduce the vehicular lane changing behavior. Using this model, we derive the fundamental current-density diagrams for the traffic flow with the effect of moving bottleneck. Moreover, typical time-space diagram for a two-lane highway shows the formation and dissipation of a moving bottleneck. Results demonstrate that the effect of moving bottleneck enlarges with the increase of traffic density, but the effect can be reduced by increasing the maximum velocity of heavy truck. The effects of multiple moving bottlenecks under different conditions are investigated. The effect becomes more remarkable when the coupling effect of multiple moving bottlenecks occurs.展开更多
Bottlenecks have been widely studied for uninterrupted flow. The study of bottlenecks in urban traffic networks implies a challenge, since delays and queuing are implicit in interrupted flows. The objective of this pa...Bottlenecks have been widely studied for uninterrupted flow. The study of bottlenecks in urban traffic networks implies a challenge, since delays and queuing are implicit in interrupted flows. The objective of this paper is to discuss bottlenecks in urban traffic networks and present a methodology to identify them, based on GPS （Global Position System） data from taxis in Bogota Colombia. In networks, where stops are frequent, the principle we adopted deals with finding recurrent low-speed sections, beyond expected delays. Urban bottlenecks occur in those road network segments that perform poorly in terms of speed, compared with upstream and downstream conditions, producing recurrent and larger than normal delays. The GPS devices reported, via GPRS （General Packet Radio Service）, information every 10 s. Results of this exploratory project are promising. The method allowed the identification of six urban bottlenecks out of seven randomly selected low-speed sections. The most valuable application of this methodology is the prioritization of resources investment in traffic infrastructure improvements. As a low cost option, this exploratory method might be especially attractive in identifying critical points in traffic networks in developing cities, without expensive traffic-monitoring systems.展开更多
Given the severe energy and environmental crises,there is a pressing need for the development of high-performance functional materials.Therefore,significant challenges facing current functional materials must be addre...Given the severe energy and environmental crises,there is a pressing need for the development of high-performance functional materials.Therefore,significant challenges facing current functional materials must be addressed,including further improving material performance,resolving complex trade-offs between properties,and achieving multifunctionality for greater energy efficiency while effectively preventing premature failures during functional processes.Traditional materials may exhibit translational periodicity at the lattice level,but their microstructures,such as grains and their characteristics,are often randomly distributed.Recent discoveries indicate that if the microstructure is constructed in an ordered manner,e.g.,grain size gradient,materials can perform distinctively compared to their conventional counterparts,potentially breaking through the trade-offs between various properties and achieving transformative performance[1-3].展开更多
Unlocking the full potential of genome editing for crop improvement has been hindered by inefficient reagent delivery methods and the reliance on tissue culture for generating gene-edited plants.In addition,convention...Unlocking the full potential of genome editing for crop improvement has been hindered by inefficient reagent delivery methods and the reliance on tissue culture for generating gene-edited plants.In addition,conventional transgene-mediated CRISPR/Cas delivery methods require a lengthy outcrossing process to eliminate CRISPR/Cas-associated sequences and produce transgene-free lines,circumventing regulatory restrictions related to transgenesis.RNA viral vectors offer a promising alternative for delivering genome engineering reagents,bypassing the need for tissue culture and avoiding transgenesis.Here,we discuss the bottlenecks in virus-mediated gene editing in plants,including virus exclusion from meristems,the requirement for a Cas-expressing plant,and concerns about virus host range and seed transmission.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chem...INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chemical factors(e.g.,heavy metals,nanomaterials,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),physical factors(e.g.,noise,radiation,and extreme weather)biological factors(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites),natural disasters(e.g.,earthquakes and floods),and anthropogenic incidents(e.g.,chemical spills,fires,and explosions).展开更多
Driven by the combined forces of social aging and digital transformation,the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in the care of stroke patients has become an inevitable trend.AI can serve patients through intell...Driven by the combined forces of social aging and digital transformation,the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in the care of stroke patients has become an inevitable trend.AI can serve patients through intelligent health monitoring,rehabilitation training assistance,and daily care,providing targeted and intelligent support that significantly improves patients’quality of life and the efficiency of caregivers.This article provides an overview of the application of AI in stroke care,explores the challenges encountered in technical bottlenecks,privacy data protection,and ethical considerations,and lays a theoretical foundation for the integration of AI into the care of stroke patients.In the future,AI will rely on technological updates,policy support,and ethical guidelines to promote sustainable development in the nursing industry.展开更多
The sub-forum on standardization of new energy and direct-current diversified applications was held on July 9,which gathered leaders and experts to discuss how to thoroughly implement the national green power direct c...The sub-forum on standardization of new energy and direct-current diversified applications was held on July 9,which gathered leaders and experts to discuss how to thoroughly implement the national green power direct connection policy proposed in the transformation of the energy landscape,pool wisdom to tackle bottlenecks in the industrialization of DC technology,and leverage the role of standardization in coordinating and regulating the diversified applications of DC technology.It was designed to promote the establishment of a collaborative,open,and advanced global standards system for DC technology.展开更多
Despite significant improvements in photo-electricity conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)over the past several years,this emerging photovoltaic technology is still years away from large-scale commerc...Despite significant improvements in photo-electricity conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)over the past several years,this emerging photovoltaic technology is still years away from large-scale commercial application.In this review,important research progresses on PSCs’‘golden triangle’parameters of efficiency,stability,and cost in literatures were objectively analyzed.We focused on their key bottlenecks and distinct contradictions hindering their fast commercialization.We also proposed the most urgent directions requiring intensive research and development input in the coming years to speed up the commercialization process of PSCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition in which the invading pathogen avoids the host's defense mechanisms and continuously stimulates and damages host cells. Consequently, many immune res...BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition in which the invading pathogen avoids the host's defense mechanisms and continuously stimulates and damages host cells. Consequently, many immune responses initially triggered for protection become harmful because of the failure to restore homeostasis, resulting in ongoing hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to address bacterial sepsis, describe advances in understanding complex immunological reactions, critically assess diagnostic approaches, and emphasize the importance of studying bacterial bottlenecks in the detection and treatment of sepsis.RESULTS: Diagnosing sepsis via a single laboratory test is not feasible;therefore, multiple key biomarkers are typically monitored, with a focus on trends rather than absolute values. The immediate interpretation of sepsis-associated clinical signs and symptoms, along with the use of specific and sensitive laboratory tests, is crucial for the survival of patients in the early stages. However, long-term mortality associated with sepsis is now recognized, and alongside the progression of this condition, there is an in vivo selection of adapted pathogens.CONCLUSION: Bacterial sepsis remains a significant cause of mortality across all ages and societies. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the immunological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response, there is growing recognition that the ongoing host-pathogen interactions, including the emergence of adapted virulent strains, shape both the acute and long-term outcomes in sepsis. This underscores the urgent need for novel high-throughput diagnostic methods and a shift toward more pre-emptive, rather than reactive, treatment strategies in sepsis care.展开更多
Real-time surveillance is attributed to recognizing the variety of actions performed by humans.Human Action Recognition(HAR)is a technique that recognizes human actions from a video stream.A range of variations in hum...Real-time surveillance is attributed to recognizing the variety of actions performed by humans.Human Action Recognition(HAR)is a technique that recognizes human actions from a video stream.A range of variations in human actions makes it difficult to recognize with considerable accuracy.This paper presents a novel deep neural network architecture called Attention RB-Net for HAR using video frames.The input is provided to the model in the form of video frames.The proposed deep architecture is based on the unique structuring of residual blocks with several filter sizes.Features are extracted from each frame via several operations with specific parameters defined in the presented novel Attention-based Residual Bottleneck(Attention-RB)DCNN architecture.A fully connected layer receives an attention-based features matrix,and final classification is performed.Several hyperparameters of the proposed model are initialized using Bayesian Optimization(BO)and later utilized in the trained model for testing.In testing,features are extracted from the self-attention layer and passed to neural network classifiers for the final action classification.Two highly cited datasets,HMDB51 and UCF101,were used to validate the proposed architecture and obtained an average accuracy of 87.70%and 97.30%,respectively.The deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)architecture is compared with state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods,including pre-trained models,inside blocks,and recently published techniques,and performs better.展开更多
Modern crops were derived from wild ancestors between 8000 and 12,000 years ago in a process called domestication,when humans selected plant types that gave better yield.For cereal plants,they carry so-called “domest...Modern crops were derived from wild ancestors between 8000 and 12,000 years ago in a process called domestication,when humans selected plant types that gave better yield.For cereal plants,they carry so-called “domestication syndromes”,such as non-shattering spikes,free threshing grains,shorter seed dormancy,and larger grain size[1].But these early crop breeders selected only a small number of domesticated plants to satisfy their limited need,leading to a phenomenon called “domestication bottleneck”resulting in restricted genetic diversity among crop cultivars.Untapped crop wild relatives(CWRs)remain a source of traits to be bred into new cultivars with resilience to challenges facing modern agriculture.展开更多
A bottleneck algebra is a linearly ordered set(B,≤)with two operations a⊕b=max{a,b}and a⊗b=min{a,b}.A finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over a bottleneck algebra B is said to be 2 B-independent if each vecto...A bottleneck algebra is a linearly ordered set(B,≤)with two operations a⊕b=max{a,b}and a⊗b=min{a,b}.A finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over a bottleneck algebra B is said to be 2 B-independent if each vector of order m over B can be expressed as a linear combination of vectors in this set in at most one way.In 1996,Cechlárováand Plávka posed an open problem:Find a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over B to be 2 B-independent.In this paper,we derive some necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over a bounded bottleneck algebra to be 2 B-independent and answer this open problem.展开更多
基金The work was supported in part by the consulting research project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2017-XY-16)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061635102).
文摘China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of energy,and ranks first in its wind and solar power installation capacity.However,serious wind and solar curtailment in China has significantly hindered the development and utilization of renewable energy.To address problems in the consumption of renewable energy,this paper analyzes four key factors affecting the capacity of power generated from renewable energy sources:power balance,power regulation performance,transmission capacity,and load level.Focusing on these bottlenecks,we propose seven solutions:centralized and distributed development of renewable energy,improving the peak-load regulation flexibility of thermal power,increasing the proportion of gas turbines and pumped-hydropower storage,construction of transmission channels and a flexible smart grid developing demand response and virtual power plants,adopting new energy active support and energy storage,and establishing appropriate policies and market mechanisms.The Chinese Government and energy authorities have issued a series of policies and measures,and in the past three years,China has had remarkable achievements in the adoption of renewable energy.The rate of idle wind capacity decreased from 17%in 2016 to 7%in 2018,and that of solar decreased from 10%in 2016 to 3%in 2018.
文摘The process of endowment insurance system plan as a whole is an important step of old-age insurance system reform in our country. At present, the process of endowment insurance system plan as a whole＇s process etxcountered bottlenecks. Come to the conclusion after analysis, the basic old-age insurance system across the country plan as a whole facing same questions, such as the regional income is different, the regional replacement rate of endowment insurance system is different, the ＂fragmentation＂ phenomenon of regional endowment insurance system, impact both fairness and efficiency of the basic endowment insurance system.
基金Project(2018YJS081)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProjects(71273024,51578052)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)
文摘Identifying bottlenecks and analyzing their characteristics are important tasks to city traffic management authorities.Although the speed difference was proposed for the bottleneck identification in the existing research,the use of a secondary indicator has not been fully discussed.This paper strived to develop a method to identify the bottleneck on expressways by using the massive floating car data(FCD)in Beijing.First,the speed characteristics of bottlenecks on expressway were analyzed based on the speed contour map.The results indicated that there was a significant difference between speeds on the bottleneck and downstream links when a bottleneck was observed.The speed difference could indeed be used as the primary indicator to identify the bottleneck.However,it was also shown that a sufficiently large speed difference does not necessitate an activation of a bottleneck.The speed-at-capacity was then used as the secondary indicator to distinguish the real bottleneck from the non-bottleneck speed difference.Second,a practical method for identifying the bottleneck on expressways was developed based on the speed difference and the speed-at-capacity.Finally,the method was applied to identifying the bottlenecks of the 3rd Outer Ring Expressway in Beijing.The duration,affected distance,delay and cause were used to evaluate and analyze the bottlenecks.
基金Projects(51975099,51775086)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The remanufacturing system is remolding the manufacturing industry by bringing scrapped products back to such a condition that reintegrated performance is just as good as new.The remanufacturing environment is featured by a far deeper level of uncertainty than new manufacturing,such as probabilistic routing files,and highly variable processing time.The stochastic disturbances result in the production bottlenecks,which constrain the productivity of the job shop.The uncertainties in the remanufacturing process cause the bottlenecks to shift when the workshop is processing.Considering this outstanding problem,many researchers try to optimize the production process to mitigate dynamic bottlenecks toward a balanced state.This paper proposes a data-driven method to predict bottlenecks in the remanufacturing system with multi-variant uncertainties.Firstly,discrete event simulation technology is applied to establish a simulation model of the remanufacturing production line and calculate the bottleneck index to identify bottlenecks.Secondly,a data-driven method,auto-regressive moving average(ARMA)model is employed to predict the bottlenecks in the system based on real-time data captured by the Arena software.Finally,the proposed prediction method is verified on real data from the automobile engine remanufacturing production line.
基金Project(2012CB725400)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2011AA110303)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(YBPY1211)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Graduate School of Southeast University,China
文摘A control strategy of variable speed limits(VSL)was developed to reduce the travel time at freeway recurrent bottleneck areas.The proposed control strategy particularly focused on preventing the capacity drop and increasing the discharge flow.A cell transmission model(CTM)was developed to evaluate the effects of the proposed VSL control strategy on the traffic operations.The results show that the total travel time is reduced by 25.5% and the delay is reduced by 56.1%.The average travel speed is increased by 34.3% and the queue length is reduced by 31.0%.The traffic operation is improved by the proposed VSL control strategy.The way to use the proposed VSL control strategy in different types of freeway bottlenecks was also discussed by considering different traffic flow characteristics.It is concluded that the VSL control strategy is effective for merge bottlenecks but is less effective for diverge bottlenecks.
基金Acknowledgement Research of the nature science foundation of Shandong province has a triangular surface modeling and control display representation（No. ZR2012FL05）
文摘This paper analyzes of the bottleneck to influence the running efficiency of educational administration system in universities and colleges,and from the system deployment architecture, server configuration, database SQL statement optimization and other aspects, it puts forwards the optimization scheme.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11102165)the Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China (Grant No.2012JM1001)the Foundation for Fundamental Research of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China (Grant No.NPU-FFR-JC201254)
文摘In this paper, we study the effect of moving bottlenecks on traffic flow. The full velocity difference （FVD） model is extended to the traffic flow on a two-lane highway, and new lane changing rule is proposed to reproduce the vehicular lane changing behavior. Using this model, we derive the fundamental current-density diagrams for the traffic flow with the effect of moving bottleneck. Moreover, typical time-space diagram for a two-lane highway shows the formation and dissipation of a moving bottleneck. Results demonstrate that the effect of moving bottleneck enlarges with the increase of traffic density, but the effect can be reduced by increasing the maximum velocity of heavy truck. The effects of multiple moving bottlenecks under different conditions are investigated. The effect becomes more remarkable when the coupling effect of multiple moving bottlenecks occurs.
文摘Bottlenecks have been widely studied for uninterrupted flow. The study of bottlenecks in urban traffic networks implies a challenge, since delays and queuing are implicit in interrupted flows. The objective of this paper is to discuss bottlenecks in urban traffic networks and present a methodology to identify them, based on GPS （Global Position System） data from taxis in Bogota Colombia. In networks, where stops are frequent, the principle we adopted deals with finding recurrent low-speed sections, beyond expected delays. Urban bottlenecks occur in those road network segments that perform poorly in terms of speed, compared with upstream and downstream conditions, producing recurrent and larger than normal delays. The GPS devices reported, via GPRS （General Packet Radio Service）, information every 10 s. Results of this exploratory project are promising. The method allowed the identification of six urban bottlenecks out of seven randomly selected low-speed sections. The most valuable application of this methodology is the prioritization of resources investment in traffic infrastructure improvements. As a low cost option, this exploratory method might be especially attractive in identifying critical points in traffic networks in developing cities, without expensive traffic-monitoring systems.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4242058)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52271236,U22A20116,51931007,and 51971196)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3505600)。
文摘Given the severe energy and environmental crises,there is a pressing need for the development of high-performance functional materials.Therefore,significant challenges facing current functional materials must be addressed,including further improving material performance,resolving complex trade-offs between properties,and achieving multifunctionality for greater energy efficiency while effectively preventing premature failures during functional processes.Traditional materials may exhibit translational periodicity at the lattice level,but their microstructures,such as grains and their characteristics,are often randomly distributed.Recent discoveries indicate that if the microstructure is constructed in an ordered manner,e.g.,grain size gradient,materials can perform distinctively compared to their conventional counterparts,potentially breaking through the trade-offs between various properties and achieving transformative performance[1-3].
基金supported by the Governor's University Research Initiative programfrom the state of Texas.
文摘Unlocking the full potential of genome editing for crop improvement has been hindered by inefficient reagent delivery methods and the reliance on tissue culture for generating gene-edited plants.In addition,conventional transgene-mediated CRISPR/Cas delivery methods require a lengthy outcrossing process to eliminate CRISPR/Cas-associated sequences and produce transgene-free lines,circumventing regulatory restrictions related to transgenesis.RNA viral vectors offer a promising alternative for delivering genome engineering reagents,bypassing the need for tissue culture and avoiding transgenesis.Here,we discuss the bottlenecks in virus-mediated gene editing in plants,including virus exclusion from meristems,the requirement for a Cas-expressing plant,and concerns about virus host range and seed transmission.
基金supported by the commissioned project of the Department of Health and Immunization Planning under the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration(No.BX2024100800015)The preliminary study project on standardization of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(No.BZ2025-Q155)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82404299).
文摘INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chemical factors(e.g.,heavy metals,nanomaterials,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),physical factors(e.g.,noise,radiation,and extreme weather)biological factors(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites),natural disasters(e.g.,earthquakes and floods),and anthropogenic incidents(e.g.,chemical spills,fires,and explosions).
文摘Driven by the combined forces of social aging and digital transformation,the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in the care of stroke patients has become an inevitable trend.AI can serve patients through intelligent health monitoring,rehabilitation training assistance,and daily care,providing targeted and intelligent support that significantly improves patients’quality of life and the efficiency of caregivers.This article provides an overview of the application of AI in stroke care,explores the challenges encountered in technical bottlenecks,privacy data protection,and ethical considerations,and lays a theoretical foundation for the integration of AI into the care of stroke patients.In the future,AI will rely on technological updates,policy support,and ethical guidelines to promote sustainable development in the nursing industry.
文摘The sub-forum on standardization of new energy and direct-current diversified applications was held on July 9,which gathered leaders and experts to discuss how to thoroughly implement the national green power direct connection policy proposed in the transformation of the energy landscape,pool wisdom to tackle bottlenecks in the industrialization of DC technology,and leverage the role of standardization in coordinating and regulating the diversified applications of DC technology.It was designed to promote the establishment of a collaborative,open,and advanced global standards system for DC technology.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFB3800104)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(ZRMS2020001132)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51822203,51861145404,52002140,U20A20252,62105293)the Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of HUST(2020kfyXJJS008)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20180507182257563)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(OVL2021BG008).
文摘Despite significant improvements in photo-electricity conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)over the past several years,this emerging photovoltaic technology is still years away from large-scale commercial application.In this review,important research progresses on PSCs’‘golden triangle’parameters of efficiency,stability,and cost in literatures were objectively analyzed.We focused on their key bottlenecks and distinct contradictions hindering their fast commercialization.We also proposed the most urgent directions requiring intensive research and development input in the coming years to speed up the commercialization process of PSCs.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah+1 种基金Saudi Arabiaunder grant number G-150-248-1443。
文摘BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition in which the invading pathogen avoids the host's defense mechanisms and continuously stimulates and damages host cells. Consequently, many immune responses initially triggered for protection become harmful because of the failure to restore homeostasis, resulting in ongoing hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to address bacterial sepsis, describe advances in understanding complex immunological reactions, critically assess diagnostic approaches, and emphasize the importance of studying bacterial bottlenecks in the detection and treatment of sepsis.RESULTS: Diagnosing sepsis via a single laboratory test is not feasible;therefore, multiple key biomarkers are typically monitored, with a focus on trends rather than absolute values. The immediate interpretation of sepsis-associated clinical signs and symptoms, along with the use of specific and sensitive laboratory tests, is crucial for the survival of patients in the early stages. However, long-term mortality associated with sepsis is now recognized, and alongside the progression of this condition, there is an in vivo selection of adapted pathogens.CONCLUSION: Bacterial sepsis remains a significant cause of mortality across all ages and societies. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the immunological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response, there is growing recognition that the ongoing host-pathogen interactions, including the emergence of adapted virulent strains, shape both the acute and long-term outcomes in sepsis. This underscores the urgent need for novel high-throughput diagnostic methods and a shift toward more pre-emptive, rather than reactive, treatment strategies in sepsis care.
基金Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(*MSIT)(No.2018R1A5A7059549)the Competitive Research Fund of The University of Aizu,Japan.
文摘Real-time surveillance is attributed to recognizing the variety of actions performed by humans.Human Action Recognition(HAR)is a technique that recognizes human actions from a video stream.A range of variations in human actions makes it difficult to recognize with considerable accuracy.This paper presents a novel deep neural network architecture called Attention RB-Net for HAR using video frames.The input is provided to the model in the form of video frames.The proposed deep architecture is based on the unique structuring of residual blocks with several filter sizes.Features are extracted from each frame via several operations with specific parameters defined in the presented novel Attention-based Residual Bottleneck(Attention-RB)DCNN architecture.A fully connected layer receives an attention-based features matrix,and final classification is performed.Several hyperparameters of the proposed model are initialized using Bayesian Optimization(BO)and later utilized in the trained model for testing.In testing,features are extracted from the self-attention layer and passed to neural network classifiers for the final action classification.Two highly cited datasets,HMDB51 and UCF101,were used to validate the proposed architecture and obtained an average accuracy of 87.70%and 97.30%,respectively.The deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)architecture is compared with state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods,including pre-trained models,inside blocks,and recently published techniques,and performs better.
文摘Modern crops were derived from wild ancestors between 8000 and 12,000 years ago in a process called domestication,when humans selected plant types that gave better yield.For cereal plants,they carry so-called “domestication syndromes”,such as non-shattering spikes,free threshing grains,shorter seed dormancy,and larger grain size[1].But these early crop breeders selected only a small number of domesticated plants to satisfy their limited need,leading to a phenomenon called “domestication bottleneck”resulting in restricted genetic diversity among crop cultivars.Untapped crop wild relatives(CWRs)remain a source of traits to be bred into new cultivars with resilience to challenges facing modern agriculture.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11771004 and 11971111).
文摘A bottleneck algebra is a linearly ordered set(B,≤)with two operations a⊕b=max{a,b}and a⊗b=min{a,b}.A finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over a bottleneck algebra B is said to be 2 B-independent if each vector of order m over B can be expressed as a linear combination of vectors in this set in at most one way.In 1996,Cechlárováand Plávka posed an open problem:Find a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over B to be 2 B-independent.In this paper,we derive some necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite nonempty set of vectors of order m over a bounded bottleneck algebra to be 2 B-independent and answer this open problem.
