Multimaterial digital light processing(DLP)three-dimensional(3D)printing technology provides unique advantages in the field of multi material additive manufacturing(MM AM)with its high resolution and rapid shaping cap...Multimaterial digital light processing(DLP)three-dimensional(3D)printing technology provides unique advantages in the field of multi material additive manufacturing(MM AM)with its high resolution and rapid shaping capabilities based on photopolymerization.However,owing to differences in the curing behavior and physical properties of different materials,multimaterial DLP 3D printing faces challenges such as insufficient interfacial bonding strength and unstable mechanical properties.In this study,two resins were integrated by multimaterial DLP 3D printing technology,and the effects of different layer thicknesses and exposure times on the interfacial bonding strength and morphology of the multimaterials were systematically investigated.The interfacial bonding mechanisms of the two resins was analyzed.It was found that increasing the exposure time can improve the interfacial bonding strength between materials,but certain limitations exist.A mathematical model relating the interfacial bonding strength to the exposure time and layer thickness was developed,and optimal process parameters were determined using optimization algorithms.A variable-parameter printing strategy for the interface was proposed to further improve the performance of printed parts.The maximum tensile strength of the multimaterial samples(44.43 MPa)using this strategy reached that of single-material parts(45 MPa),validating the feasibility of this strategy.This provides guidance for multimaterial DLP 3D printing processes and offers valuable insights for the future additive manufacturing of high-performance multimaterial components.展开更多
For the immiscible Mo/Cu system with a positive heat of mixing （△Hm 〉 0）, building metallurgical bonding interfaces directly between immiscible Mo and Cu and preparing Mo/Cu laminar metal matrix composites （LMMCs...For the immiscible Mo/Cu system with a positive heat of mixing （△Hm 〉 0）, building metallurgical bonding interfaces directly between immiscible Mo and Cu and preparing Mo/Cu laminar metal matrix composites （LMMCs） are very difficult. To solve the problem, a new alloying method for immiscible systems, which is named as irradiation damage alloying （IDA）, is presented in this paper. The IDA primarily consists of three steps. Firstly, Mo is damaged by irradiation with multi-energy （186, 62 keV） Cu ion beams at a dose of 2× 1017 ions/cm2. Secondly, Cu layers are superimposed on the surfaces of the irradiation-damaged Mo to obtain Mo]Cu laminated specimens. Thirdly, the irradiation damage induces the diffusion alloying between Mo and Cu when the laminated specimens are annealed at 950 ℃ in a protective atmosphere. Through IDA, Mo/Cu LMMCs are prepared in this paper. The tensile tests carried out for the Mo/Cu LMMCs specimens show that the Mo/Cu interfaces constructed via IDA have high normal and shear strengths. Additionally, the microstructure of the Mo/Cu interface is characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy （HRTEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Energy Dispersive X-ray （EDX） attached in HRTEM. The microscopic characterization results show that the expectant diffusion between Mo and Cu occurs through the irradiation damage during the process of IDA. Thus a Mo/Cu metallurgical bonding interface successfully forms. Moreover, the microscopic test results show that the Mo/Cu metallurgical interface is mainly constituted of crystalline phases with twisted and tangled lattices, and amorphous phase is not observed. Finally, based on the positron annihilation spectroscopy （PAS） and HRTEM results, the diffusion mechanism of IDA is discussed and determined to be vacancy assisted diffusion.展开更多
Due to its superior nanoscale properties,cobalt(Co)is highly desirable for ultrahigh-density 3D integration into materials through metal/dielectric hybrid bonding.However,this process is very challenging through Co/Si...Due to its superior nanoscale properties,cobalt(Co)is highly desirable for ultrahigh-density 3D integration into materials through metal/dielectric hybrid bonding.However,this process is very challenging through Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding,as very hydrophilic SiO_(2)surfaces are needed for bonding during dehydration reactions and oxidation of the Co surfaces must be avoided.Additionally,the substantial coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the robust capping layers(Co and SiO_(2)layers)necessitates hybrid bonding with minimal thermal input and compression.In this study,we introduce a ternary plasma activation strategy employing an Ar/NH_(3)/H_(2)O gas mixture to facilitate Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding at temperatures as low as~200℃,which is markedly lower than the melting point of Co(~1500℃).Intriguingly,non-oxide metallization at the Co-Co interface can be realized without the hindrance of a bonding barrier,thereby reducing the electrical resistance by over 40%and compression force requirements.Moreover,the enhancement in the SiO_(2)surface energy through active group terminations fosters extensive interfacial hydration and strengthens the mechanical properties.This research paves the way for fine-tuning bonding surfaces using a material-selective strategy which should advance metal/dielectric hybrid bonding for future integration applications.展开更多
In situ growth of co-catalysts on BiVO_(4)(BVO)to enhance photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting performance has been extensively reported.However,the understanding of the synergistic effects among various elements,...In situ growth of co-catalysts on BiVO_(4)(BVO)to enhance photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting performance has been extensively reported.However,the understanding of the synergistic effects among various elements,especially at the interface between the semiconductor and cocatalyst,has received insufficient attention.In this study,we report a Co,Ni and Mn trimetallic fluoride-modified BVO photoanode featuring a unique interfacial chemical bond(V-F).Under AM 1.5 G illumination,an exciting photocurrent density of 6.05 mA cm^(-2)was achieved at 1.23 V vs.RHE by the integrated BVO/CoNi_(0.18)Mn_(0.12)(OH)_(x)F photoanode and over 98%of the initial photocurrent was maintained after 10 h of photoelectrolysis.Control experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the V-F interfacial bond stabilizes the Co^(2+)active sites.It serves as a transmission gear,interlinking the migration of interfacial charge and the regeneration of cocatalyst,endowing the photoanode with significant activity and stability.Furthermore,we have systematically elucidated the role of the individual Co,Ni,and Mn components in the synergistic cocatalyst layer.The interfacial modification provides novel insights into developing advanced photoanodes towards PEC water splitting.展开更多
The bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of diffusion bonded Ti-17 titanium alloy at different bonding time were investigated. The results show that the average size of voids decreases while the amount ...The bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of diffusion bonded Ti-17 titanium alloy at different bonding time were investigated. The results show that the average size of voids decreases while the amount of voids decreases after increasing to the maximum value with the increasing bonding time. The irregular void with a scraggly edge tends to an ellipse void with smooth surface and then changes to a tiny void with round shape. The grains across bonding interface occur at bonding time of 60 min. The shear strength of bond increases with increasing bonding time, and the highest shear strength of bond is 887.4 MPa at 60 min. The contribution of plastic deformation on the void closure and the increase of shear strength is significant even though the action time of plastic deformation is short.展开更多
The effect of grain size of primary α phase on the bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of bond was investigated in the press bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The quantitative results show that the average ...The effect of grain size of primary α phase on the bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of bond was investigated in the press bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The quantitative results show that the average size of voids increases from 0.8 to 2.6 μm and the bonding ratio decreases from 90.9% to 77.8% with an increase in grain size of primary α phase from 8.2 to 16.4 μm. The shape of voids changes from the tiny round to the irregular strip. The highest shear strength of bond can be obtained in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a grain size of 8.2 μm. This is contributed to the higher ability of plastic flow and more short-paths for diffusion in the alloy with smaller grain size of primary α phase, which promote the void closure process and the formation of α/β grains across bonding interface.展开更多
AA4045/AA3003 cladding billet was prepared by direct chill semi-continuous casting process. The macrostructures, microstructures, temperature distribution, compositions distribution and the mechanical properties at th...AA4045/AA3003 cladding billet was prepared by direct chill semi-continuous casting process. The macrostructures, microstructures, temperature distribution, compositions distribution and the mechanical properties at the bonding interface were investigated in detail. The results show that the cladding billet with few defects could be obtained by semi-continuous casting process. At the interface, diffusion layer of about 10μm on average formed between the two alloys due to the diffusion of alloy elements in the temperature range from 596 to 632 °C. From the side of AA4045 to the side of AA3003, the Si content has a trend to decrease, while the Mn content has a trend to increase gradually. Tensile strength of the cladding billet reaches 103.7 MPa, the fractured position is located on the AA3003 side, and the shearing strength is 91.1 MPa, revealing that the two alloys were combined metallurgically by mutual diffusion of alloy elements.展开更多
Cu/Al clad strips are prepared using solid?liquid cast-rolling bonding(SLCRB)technique with a d160mm×150mm twin-roll experimental caster.The extent of interfacial reactions,composition of the reaction products,an...Cu/Al clad strips are prepared using solid?liquid cast-rolling bonding(SLCRB)technique with a d160mm×150mm twin-roll experimental caster.The extent of interfacial reactions,composition of the reaction products,and their micro-morphology evolution in the SLCRB process are investigated with scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In the casting pool,initial aluminized coating is first generated on the copper strip surface,with the diffusion layer mainly consisting ofα(Al)+CuAl2and growing at high temperatures,with the maximum thickness of10μm.After sequent rolling below the kiss point,the diffusion layer is broken by severe elongation,which leads to an additional crack bond process with a fresh interface of virgin base metal.The average thickness is reduced from10to5μm.The reaction products,CuAl2,CuAl,and Cu9Al4,are dispersed along the rolling direction.Peeling and bending test results indicate that the fracture occurs in the aluminum substrate,and the morphology is a dimple pattern.No crack or separation is found at the bonding interface after90°-180°bending.The presented method provides an economical way to fabricate Cu/Al clad strip directly.展开更多
Complete understanding of the evolution behaviors of the microstructures and intermetallic compounds(IMCs)along the interface materials flow path in friction stir welding(FSW)of dissimilar Al to Mg alloys is of great ...Complete understanding of the evolution behaviors of the microstructures and intermetallic compounds(IMCs)along the interface materials flow path in friction stir welding(FSW)of dissimilar Al to Mg alloys is of great significance.In this study,conventional FSW and ultrasonic vibration enhanced FSW(UVeFSW)experiments of Al/Mg alloys were performed,and the instantaneous evolution features of the interface materials around the tool were"frozen"by using the"sudden stop"and simultaneous cooling techniques.The microstructures and IMCs formation at different locations around the exit hole were observed and characterized by scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer and transmission elec-tron microscope.It was found that before the materials started to deposit near the back of the tool,“IMC+Mg+IMC+Al”multilayer microstructure and simple IMC layer with(β+γ)sequentially emerged on the Al/Mg interface.With the application of ultrasonic vibration,the multi-layered interface structure only appeared at the middle stage of materials flow around the pin,and ultrasonic vibration just began to play a suppression role on the growth of two sub-layers IMC at a position where the materials deposit.With assistance of ultrasonic vibration in UVeFSW,the tool drove a larger volume of Mg alloy to move toward the retreating side,and the final IMCs thickness was thinner than that in FSW.展开更多
In this study, a work-of-fracture method using a three-point bend beam （3PBB） specimen, which is commonly used to determine the fracture energy of concrete, was adapted to evaluate the mode-I fracture and durability...In this study, a work-of-fracture method using a three-point bend beam （3PBB） specimen, which is commonly used to determine the fracture energy of concrete, was adapted to evaluate the mode-I fracture and durability of fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） composite-concrete bonded interfaces. Interface fracture properties were evaluated with established data reduction procedures. The proposed test method is primarily for use in evaluating the effects of freeze-thaw （F-T） and wet-dry （W-D） cycles that are the accelerated aging protocols on the mode-I fracture of carbon FRP-concrete bonded interfaces. The results of the mode-I fracture tests of F-T and W-D cycle-conditioned specimens show that both the critical load and fracture energy decrease as the number of cycles increases, and their degradation pattern has a nearly linear relationship with the number of cycles. However, compared with the effect of the F-T cycles, the critical load and fracture energy degrade at a slower rate with W-D cycles, which suggests that F-T cyclic conditioning causes more deterioration of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP）-concrete bonded interface. After 50 and 100 conditioning cycles, scaling of concrete was observed in all the specimens subjected to F-T cycles, but not in those subjected to W-D cycles. The examination of interface fracture surfaces along the bonded interfaces with varying numbers of F-T and W-D conditioning cycles shows that （1） cohesive failure of CFRP composites is not observed in all fractured surfaces; （2） for the control specimens that have not been exposed to any conditioning cycles, the majority of interface failure is a result of cohesive fracture of concrete （peeling of concrete from the concrete substrate）, which means that the cracks mostly propagate within the concrete; and （3） as the number of F-T or W-D conditioning cycles increases, adhesive failure along the interface begins to emerge and gradually increases. It is thus concluded that the fracture properties （i.e., the critical load and fracture energy） of the bonded interface are controlled primarily by the concrete cohesive fracture before conditioning and by the adhesive interface fracture after many cycles of F-T or W-D conditioning. As demonstrated in this study, a test method using 3PBB specimens combined with a fictitious crack model and experimental conditioning protocols for durability can be used as an effective qualification method to test new hybrid material interface bonds and to evaluate durability-related effects on the interfaces.展开更多
Solid-state diffusion bonding(DB)of TiAl alloy and Ti2 AlNb alloy was carried out using pure Ti as an interlayer at 1000℃under 20 MPa for 60-120 min.The effects of bonding times on the interfacial microstructure and ...Solid-state diffusion bonding(DB)of TiAl alloy and Ti2 AlNb alloy was carried out using pure Ti as an interlayer at 1000℃under 20 MPa for 60-120 min.The effects of bonding times on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical performance of the TiAl/Ti/Ti_(2)AlNb bonded joints at room temperature(RT)were investigated detailly.The results demonstrated that the diffusion layers(DLs)mainly consisted of four characteristic layers,(Ⅰ)single coarseα_(2)phase adjacent TiAl alloy,(Ⅱ)single refinedα_(2)phase at the bonding interface,(Ⅲ)equiaxed/acicularα_(2)phase embedded inβphase adjacent Ti_(2)AtNb alloy and(IV)both equiaxedα_(2)phase and acicular O phase embedded inβphase adj acent Ti_(2)AlNb alloy,respectively.The thickness of the four layers increased with the increasing of the bonding time.The growth of DLs is controlled by diffusion and the reaction rate constant k for regionⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣare 1.22×10^(-6),1.27×10^(-6),2.6×10^(-7)and 7.7×10^(-7)m·s^(-1/2),respectively.Meanwhile,the interfaceα_(2)grain grows up without texture.The maximum tensile strength of 281 MPa was maintained at1000℃for 90 min under the pressure of 20 MPa.Consequently,the phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization behavior of the DLs were discussed.展开更多
Abstract： An alloy steel/alumina composite was successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration of X10CrNil8-8 steel melt on 30% （mass fraction） Ni-containing alumina based composite ceramic （Ni/Al2O3） at 1 6...Abstract： An alloy steel/alumina composite was successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration of X10CrNil8-8 steel melt on 30% （mass fraction） Ni-containing alumina based composite ceramic （Ni/Al2O3） at 1 600 ℃. The infiltration quality and interfacial bonding behavior were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and tensile tests. The results show that there is an obvious interfacial reaction layer between the alloying steel and the Ni/Al2O3 composite ceramic. The interfacial reactive products are （FexAly）3O4 intermetallic phase and （AlxCry）2O3 solid solution. The interracial bonding strength is as high as about 67.5 MPa. The bonding mechanism of X10CrNi 18-8 steel with the composite ceramic is that Ni inside the ceramic bodies dissolves into the alloy melt and transforms into liquid channels, consequently inducing the steel melt infiltrating and filling in the pores and the liquid channels. Moreover, the metallurgical bonding and interfacial reactive bonding also play a key role on the stability of the bonding interface.展开更多
Here,we report the leading manu facture of the large-scale integral weldless stainless steel forging ring(φ=15.6 m)by the multilayer additive hot-compression bonding technology.Moreover,the detailed interface healing...Here,we report the leading manu facture of the large-scale integral weldless stainless steel forging ring(φ=15.6 m)by the multilayer additive hot-compression bonding technology.Moreover,the detailed interface healing mecha nism involving interfacial oxide evolution is elucidated,which validates the feasibility and reliability of the technique we proposed.展开更多
In order to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys,the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE)was employed to fabricate the Mg-5Gd-5Y/Mg-2Zn-1Gd(GW55/ZG21)laminated composites.After fab...In order to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys,the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE)was employed to fabricate the Mg-5Gd-5Y/Mg-2Zn-1Gd(GW55/ZG21)laminated composites.After fabrication and annealing treatment,the microstructural evolution,phase constitution,microhardness,and bonding strength were investigated on the bonding interface zone of GW55/ZG21 laminated composites.The bonding interface zone of GW55/ZG21 laminated composites comprises a lot of Mg3(Y,Gd)2Zn3 particles along the bonding interface,some rod Mg24(Y,Gd)5 phases on GW55 side,and a precipitation free zone(PFZ)on ZG21 side.After annealing treatment,Mg3(Y,Gd)2Zn3 particles along the bonding interface increase, rod Mg24(Y,Gd)5 phases on GW55 side decrease,and PFZ is broadened.Meanwhile,the hardness on the bonding interface zone decreases and the bonding strength increases from 126 MPa to 162 MPa.展开更多
Based on traditional twin-roll casting process,Invar/Cu clad strips were successfully fabricated by using solid Invar alloy strip and molten Cu under conditions of high temperature,high pressure and plastic deformatio...Based on traditional twin-roll casting process,Invar/Cu clad strips were successfully fabricated by using solid Invar alloy strip and molten Cu under conditions of high temperature,high pressure and plastic deformation.A series of tests including tensile test,bending test,T-type peeling test and scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)measurements were carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of Invar/Cu clad strips and the micro-morphology of tensile fracture surfaces and bonding interfaces.The results indicate that no delamination phenomenon occurs during the compatible deformation of Invar/Cu in bending test and only one stress platform exists in the tensile stress-strain curve when the bonding strength is large.On the contrary,different mechanical properties of Invar and Cu lead to delamination phenomenon during the uniaxial tensile test,which determines that two stress platforms occur on the stress-strain curve of Invar/Cu clad strips when two elements experience necking.The average peeling strength can be increased from13.85to42.31N/mm after heat treatment at800℃for1h,and the observation of the Cu side at peeling interface shows that more Fe is adhered on the Cu side after the heat treatment.All above illustrate that heat treatment can improve the strength of the bonding interface of Invar/Cu clad strips.展开更多
Diffusion bonding of as-cast Mg−6Gd−3Y magnesium alloy was carried out at temperatures of 400−480℃ with bonding pressure of 6 MPa for 90 min.Diffusion bonded joints were solution treated at 495℃ for 14 h and then ag...Diffusion bonding of as-cast Mg−6Gd−3Y magnesium alloy was carried out at temperatures of 400−480℃ with bonding pressure of 6 MPa for 90 min.Diffusion bonded joints were solution treated at 495℃ for 14 h and then aged at 200℃ for 30 h.Microstructures and mechanical properties of joints were analyzed.The results showed that rare earth elements and their compounds gathering at bonding interface hindered the grain boundary migration crossing bonding interface.Tensile strength of as-bonded and as-solution treated joints increased firstly and then decreased with the bonding temperature increasing due to the combined effects of grain coarsening and solid-solution strengthening.As-bonded and solution-treated joints fractured at matrix except the joint bonded at 400℃,while aged joints fractured at bonding interface.The highest ultimate tensile strength of 279 MPa with elongation of 2.8%was found in joint bonded at 440℃ with solution treatment followed by aging treatment.展开更多
This study focuses on the bonding interface characteristics and mechanical properties of the bobbin tool friction stir welded dissimilar AA6056 and AA2219 aluminum alloy joints using diff erent welding speeds.Voids ar...This study focuses on the bonding interface characteristics and mechanical properties of the bobbin tool friction stir welded dissimilar AA6056 and AA2219 aluminum alloy joints using diff erent welding speeds.Voids arise solely in the stir zone at the AA2219 side.A distinct boundary with limited material mixing develops at the middle section of the bonding interface,while excellent material mixing with an irregularly jagged pattern forms at the top and bottom sections of the bonding interface.Increasing the welding speed,the material mixing is rarely changed at the middle section in comparison with the bottom section.Furthermore,a small diff erence between Guinier–Preston dissolution and Q phase precipitation leads to rare change of hardness in the heat aff ected zone(HAZ)at the AA6056 side.The increased hardness of the HAZ at the AA2219 side is attributed to avoidance of the dissolution ofθ’’phase precipitates.A maximum tensile strength of 181 MPa is obtained at 300 mm min-1.Fractures occur at the AA6056 side near the top and bottom surfaces and at the bonding interface in the middle section of the joints.The regions close to the top and bottom surfaces of the joints show a better ductility.展开更多
The mechanical properties and product thickness specifications of bimetallic clad strip prepared by twin-roll casting are tightly related to the mechanical behavior of bonding interface interaction.The thermal−flow co...The mechanical properties and product thickness specifications of bimetallic clad strip prepared by twin-roll casting are tightly related to the mechanical behavior of bonding interface interaction.The thermal−flow coupled simulation and the interface pressure calculation models are established with the cast-rolling velocity as the variable.The results show that the interface temperature decreases,the interface pressure and the proportion of the thickness of the Al side increase with the decrease in cast-rolling velocity.The thinning of Cu strip mainly occurs in the backward slip zone.The higher pressure and longer solid/semi-solid contact time make the interface bonded fully,which provides favorable conditions for atomic diffusion.The inter-diffusion zone with a width of 4.9μm is attained at a cast-rolling velocity of 2.4 m/min,and the Cu side surface is nearly completely covered by aluminum.Therefore,the ductile fracture occurs on the Al side,which prevents the propagation of interface delamination cracks effectively.Meanwhile,shear effect becomes more significant at high interfacial pressure and large plastic strain,and the microstructure on Al side is composed of slender columnar crystals.Thus,the metallurgical bonding and refinement of grains on the Al side can result in higher bonding strength and tensile properties of the clad strip.展开更多
The metallurgical bonding quality of bonding joints is affected by the substrate surface state in hot-compression bonding(HCB),and the surface roughness is a core indicator of the surface state.However,the effects of ...The metallurgical bonding quality of bonding joints is affected by the substrate surface state in hot-compression bonding(HCB),and the surface roughness is a core indicator of the surface state.However,the effects of surface roughness on interface bonding performance(IBP)in the HCB process are unclear for substrates with refractory oxide scales.This study presents the effects of surface roughness on IBP for 316H stainless steel joints fabricated by HCB.A set of HCB parameters for interface bonding critical state of 316H stainless steel joints was determined.The HCB experiments were carried out under parameters of interface bonding critical state to amplify the effect of surface roughness.The interface morphologies,element distribution,and tensile properties were used to characterize the IBP.As a result,the formation mechanisms of the interface pits were revealed and the variation trend of pit number with the roughness was summarized.Finally,the mapping relation between surface roughness and IBP was established.The results show that the degree of rotational dynamic recrystallization becomes weaker with the decrease in the surface roughness and the interface bonding mechanism is completely transformed into discontinuous dynamic recrystallization when the roughness is lower than 0.020μm Sa.The number of interfacial pits decreases as the roughness decreases owing to the weakening of oxide scale aggregation and abrasive inclusion mechanism.The elongation of the tensile specimen cannot increase significantly while the roughness is lower than 0.698μm Sa.展开更多
The ratio of Fe-Al compound at the bonding interface of solid steel plate to Al-7graphite slurry was used to characterize the interracial structure of steel-Al-7graphite semi-solid bonding plate quantitatively. The re...The ratio of Fe-Al compound at the bonding interface of solid steel plate to Al-7graphite slurry was used to characterize the interracial structure of steel-Al-7graphite semi-solid bonding plate quantitatively. The relationship between the ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface and bonding parameters （such as preheat temperature of steel plate, solid fraction of Al-7graphite slurry and rolling speed） was established by artificial neural networks perfectly. The results show that when the bonding parameters are 516 ℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate, 32.5% for solid fraction of Al-7graphite slurry and 12 mm/s for rolling speed, the reasonable ratio of Fe-Al compound corresponding to the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is obtained to be 70.1%. This reasonable ratio of Fe-Al compound is a quantitative criterion of interracial embrittlement, namely, when the ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface is larger than 70.1%, interfacial embrittlement will occur.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4600103)National Youth Talent Support Program,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M692555)+1 种基金Shaanxi Province Qinchuangyuan'Scientists+Engineers'Team Building Project(Grant No.2023KXJ-266)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.xzy012023145)。
文摘Multimaterial digital light processing(DLP)three-dimensional(3D)printing technology provides unique advantages in the field of multi material additive manufacturing(MM AM)with its high resolution and rapid shaping capabilities based on photopolymerization.However,owing to differences in the curing behavior and physical properties of different materials,multimaterial DLP 3D printing faces challenges such as insufficient interfacial bonding strength and unstable mechanical properties.In this study,two resins were integrated by multimaterial DLP 3D printing technology,and the effects of different layer thicknesses and exposure times on the interfacial bonding strength and morphology of the multimaterials were systematically investigated.The interfacial bonding mechanisms of the two resins was analyzed.It was found that increasing the exposure time can improve the interfacial bonding strength between materials,but certain limitations exist.A mathematical model relating the interfacial bonding strength to the exposure time and layer thickness was developed,and optimal process parameters were determined using optimization algorithms.A variable-parameter printing strategy for the interface was proposed to further improve the performance of printed parts.The maximum tensile strength of the multimaterial samples(44.43 MPa)using this strategy reached that of single-material parts(45 MPa),validating the feasibility of this strategy.This provides guidance for multimaterial DLP 3D printing processes and offers valuable insights for the future additive manufacturing of high-performance multimaterial components.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51171128 and 51471114)the Key Technologies R & D Program of Tianjin (Grant No. 11ZCKFGX03800)
文摘For the immiscible Mo/Cu system with a positive heat of mixing （△Hm 〉 0）, building metallurgical bonding interfaces directly between immiscible Mo and Cu and preparing Mo/Cu laminar metal matrix composites （LMMCs） are very difficult. To solve the problem, a new alloying method for immiscible systems, which is named as irradiation damage alloying （IDA）, is presented in this paper. The IDA primarily consists of three steps. Firstly, Mo is damaged by irradiation with multi-energy （186, 62 keV） Cu ion beams at a dose of 2× 1017 ions/cm2. Secondly, Cu layers are superimposed on the surfaces of the irradiation-damaged Mo to obtain Mo]Cu laminated specimens. Thirdly, the irradiation damage induces the diffusion alloying between Mo and Cu when the laminated specimens are annealed at 950 ℃ in a protective atmosphere. Through IDA, Mo/Cu LMMCs are prepared in this paper. The tensile tests carried out for the Mo/Cu LMMCs specimens show that the Mo/Cu interfaces constructed via IDA have high normal and shear strengths. Additionally, the microstructure of the Mo/Cu interface is characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy （HRTEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Energy Dispersive X-ray （EDX） attached in HRTEM. The microscopic characterization results show that the expectant diffusion between Mo and Cu occurs through the irradiation damage during the process of IDA. Thus a Mo/Cu metallurgical bonding interface successfully forms. Moreover, the microscopic test results show that the Mo/Cu metallurgical interface is mainly constituted of crystalline phases with twisted and tangled lattices, and amorphous phase is not observed. Finally, based on the positron annihilation spectroscopy （PAS） and HRTEM results, the diffusion mechanism of IDA is discussed and determined to be vacancy assisted diffusion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92164105 and 51975151)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant LH2019E041+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(HITTY-20190013)State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of Materials and Structures(No.24-T-04)。
文摘Due to its superior nanoscale properties,cobalt(Co)is highly desirable for ultrahigh-density 3D integration into materials through metal/dielectric hybrid bonding.However,this process is very challenging through Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding,as very hydrophilic SiO_(2)surfaces are needed for bonding during dehydration reactions and oxidation of the Co surfaces must be avoided.Additionally,the substantial coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the robust capping layers(Co and SiO_(2)layers)necessitates hybrid bonding with minimal thermal input and compression.In this study,we introduce a ternary plasma activation strategy employing an Ar/NH_(3)/H_(2)O gas mixture to facilitate Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding at temperatures as low as~200℃,which is markedly lower than the melting point of Co(~1500℃).Intriguingly,non-oxide metallization at the Co-Co interface can be realized without the hindrance of a bonding barrier,thereby reducing the electrical resistance by over 40%and compression force requirements.Moreover,the enhancement in the SiO_(2)surface energy through active group terminations fosters extensive interfacial hydration and strengthens the mechanical properties.This research paves the way for fine-tuning bonding surfaces using a material-selective strategy which should advance metal/dielectric hybrid bonding for future integration applications.
文摘In situ growth of co-catalysts on BiVO_(4)(BVO)to enhance photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting performance has been extensively reported.However,the understanding of the synergistic effects among various elements,especially at the interface between the semiconductor and cocatalyst,has received insufficient attention.In this study,we report a Co,Ni and Mn trimetallic fluoride-modified BVO photoanode featuring a unique interfacial chemical bond(V-F).Under AM 1.5 G illumination,an exciting photocurrent density of 6.05 mA cm^(-2)was achieved at 1.23 V vs.RHE by the integrated BVO/CoNi_(0.18)Mn_(0.12)(OH)_(x)F photoanode and over 98%of the initial photocurrent was maintained after 10 h of photoelectrolysis.Control experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the V-F interfacial bond stabilizes the Co^(2+)active sites.It serves as a transmission gear,interlinking the migration of interfacial charge and the regeneration of cocatalyst,endowing the photoanode with significant activity and stability.Furthermore,we have systematically elucidated the role of the individual Co,Ni,and Mn components in the synergistic cocatalyst layer.The interfacial modification provides novel insights into developing advanced photoanodes towards PEC water splitting.
基金Project(51275416)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of diffusion bonded Ti-17 titanium alloy at different bonding time were investigated. The results show that the average size of voids decreases while the amount of voids decreases after increasing to the maximum value with the increasing bonding time. The irregular void with a scraggly edge tends to an ellipse void with smooth surface and then changes to a tiny void with round shape. The grains across bonding interface occur at bonding time of 60 min. The shear strength of bond increases with increasing bonding time, and the highest shear strength of bond is 887.4 MPa at 60 min. The contribution of plastic deformation on the void closure and the increase of shear strength is significant even though the action time of plastic deformation is short.
基金Project(2014M562447) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(51275416) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(BP201503) supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU)China
文摘The effect of grain size of primary α phase on the bonding interface characteristic and shear strength of bond was investigated in the press bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The quantitative results show that the average size of voids increases from 0.8 to 2.6 μm and the bonding ratio decreases from 90.9% to 77.8% with an increase in grain size of primary α phase from 8.2 to 16.4 μm. The shape of voids changes from the tiny round to the irregular strip. The highest shear strength of bond can be obtained in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a grain size of 8.2 μm. This is contributed to the higher ability of plastic flow and more short-paths for diffusion in the alloy with smaller grain size of primary α phase, which promote the void closure process and the formation of α/β grains across bonding interface.
基金Project(2012CB723307)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51204046)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20130042130001)supported by the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
文摘AA4045/AA3003 cladding billet was prepared by direct chill semi-continuous casting process. The macrostructures, microstructures, temperature distribution, compositions distribution and the mechanical properties at the bonding interface were investigated in detail. The results show that the cladding billet with few defects could be obtained by semi-continuous casting process. At the interface, diffusion layer of about 10μm on average formed between the two alloys due to the diffusion of alloy elements in the temperature range from 596 to 632 °C. From the side of AA4045 to the side of AA3003, the Si content has a trend to decrease, while the Mn content has a trend to increase gradually. Tensile strength of the cladding billet reaches 103.7 MPa, the fractured position is located on the AA3003 side, and the shearing strength is 91.1 MPa, revealing that the two alloys were combined metallurgically by mutual diffusion of alloy elements.
基金Project(51474189)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(QN2015214)supported by the Educational Commission of Hebei Province,China
文摘Cu/Al clad strips are prepared using solid?liquid cast-rolling bonding(SLCRB)technique with a d160mm×150mm twin-roll experimental caster.The extent of interfacial reactions,composition of the reaction products,and their micro-morphology evolution in the SLCRB process are investigated with scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In the casting pool,initial aluminized coating is first generated on the copper strip surface,with the diffusion layer mainly consisting ofα(Al)+CuAl2and growing at high temperatures,with the maximum thickness of10μm.After sequent rolling below the kiss point,the diffusion layer is broken by severe elongation,which leads to an additional crack bond process with a fresh interface of virgin base metal.The average thickness is reduced from10to5μm.The reaction products,CuAl2,CuAl,and Cu9Al4,are dispersed along the rolling direction.Peeling and bending test results indicate that the fracture occurs in the aluminum substrate,and the morphology is a dimple pattern.No crack or separation is found at the bonding interface after90°-180°bending.The presented method provides an economical way to fabricate Cu/Al clad strip directly.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52035005).
文摘Complete understanding of the evolution behaviors of the microstructures and intermetallic compounds(IMCs)along the interface materials flow path in friction stir welding(FSW)of dissimilar Al to Mg alloys is of great significance.In this study,conventional FSW and ultrasonic vibration enhanced FSW(UVeFSW)experiments of Al/Mg alloys were performed,and the instantaneous evolution features of the interface materials around the tool were"frozen"by using the"sudden stop"and simultaneous cooling techniques.The microstructures and IMCs formation at different locations around the exit hole were observed and characterized by scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer and transmission elec-tron microscope.It was found that before the materials started to deposit near the back of the tool,“IMC+Mg+IMC+Al”multilayer microstructure and simple IMC layer with(β+γ)sequentially emerged on the Al/Mg interface.With the application of ultrasonic vibration,the multi-layered interface structure only appeared at the middle stage of materials flow around the pin,and ultrasonic vibration just began to play a suppression role on the growth of two sub-layers IMC at a position where the materials deposit.With assistance of ultrasonic vibration in UVeFSW,the tool drove a larger volume of Mg alloy to move toward the retreating side,and the final IMCs thickness was thinner than that in FSW.
基金partially supported by the National Science Foundation(Grant No.CMS-0002829)
文摘In this study, a work-of-fracture method using a three-point bend beam （3PBB） specimen, which is commonly used to determine the fracture energy of concrete, was adapted to evaluate the mode-I fracture and durability of fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） composite-concrete bonded interfaces. Interface fracture properties were evaluated with established data reduction procedures. The proposed test method is primarily for use in evaluating the effects of freeze-thaw （F-T） and wet-dry （W-D） cycles that are the accelerated aging protocols on the mode-I fracture of carbon FRP-concrete bonded interfaces. The results of the mode-I fracture tests of F-T and W-D cycle-conditioned specimens show that both the critical load and fracture energy decrease as the number of cycles increases, and their degradation pattern has a nearly linear relationship with the number of cycles. However, compared with the effect of the F-T cycles, the critical load and fracture energy degrade at a slower rate with W-D cycles, which suggests that F-T cyclic conditioning causes more deterioration of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP）-concrete bonded interface. After 50 and 100 conditioning cycles, scaling of concrete was observed in all the specimens subjected to F-T cycles, but not in those subjected to W-D cycles. The examination of interface fracture surfaces along the bonded interfaces with varying numbers of F-T and W-D conditioning cycles shows that （1） cohesive failure of CFRP composites is not observed in all fractured surfaces; （2） for the control specimens that have not been exposed to any conditioning cycles, the majority of interface failure is a result of cohesive fracture of concrete （peeling of concrete from the concrete substrate）, which means that the cracks mostly propagate within the concrete; and （3） as the number of F-T or W-D conditioning cycles increases, adhesive failure along the interface begins to emerge and gradually increases. It is thus concluded that the fracture properties （i.e., the critical load and fracture energy） of the bonded interface are controlled primarily by the concrete cohesive fracture before conditioning and by the adhesive interface fracture after many cycles of F-T or W-D conditioning. As demonstrated in this study, a test method using 3PBB specimens combined with a fictitious crack model and experimental conditioning protocols for durability can be used as an effective qualification method to test new hybrid material interface bonds and to evaluate durability-related effects on the interfaces.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51771150)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0701303)+1 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.201936053001)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification(NWPU),China(No.2019-TS-07)。
文摘Solid-state diffusion bonding(DB)of TiAl alloy and Ti2 AlNb alloy was carried out using pure Ti as an interlayer at 1000℃under 20 MPa for 60-120 min.The effects of bonding times on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical performance of the TiAl/Ti/Ti_(2)AlNb bonded joints at room temperature(RT)were investigated detailly.The results demonstrated that the diffusion layers(DLs)mainly consisted of four characteristic layers,(Ⅰ)single coarseα_(2)phase adjacent TiAl alloy,(Ⅱ)single refinedα_(2)phase at the bonding interface,(Ⅲ)equiaxed/acicularα_(2)phase embedded inβphase adjacent Ti_(2)AtNb alloy and(IV)both equiaxedα_(2)phase and acicular O phase embedded inβphase adj acent Ti_(2)AlNb alloy,respectively.The thickness of the four layers increased with the increasing of the bonding time.The growth of DLs is controlled by diffusion and the reaction rate constant k for regionⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣare 1.22×10^(-6),1.27×10^(-6),2.6×10^(-7)and 7.7×10^(-7)m·s^(-1/2),respectively.Meanwhile,the interfaceα_(2)grain grows up without texture.The maximum tensile strength of 281 MPa was maintained at1000℃for 90 min under the pressure of 20 MPa.Consequently,the phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization behavior of the DLs were discussed.
基金Project(2009ZM0296) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China
文摘Abstract： An alloy steel/alumina composite was successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration of X10CrNil8-8 steel melt on 30% （mass fraction） Ni-containing alumina based composite ceramic （Ni/Al2O3） at 1 600 ℃. The infiltration quality and interfacial bonding behavior were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and tensile tests. The results show that there is an obvious interfacial reaction layer between the alloying steel and the Ni/Al2O3 composite ceramic. The interfacial reactive products are （FexAly）3O4 intermetallic phase and （AlxCry）2O3 solid solution. The interracial bonding strength is as high as about 67.5 MPa. The bonding mechanism of X10CrNi 18-8 steel with the composite ceramic is that Ni inside the ceramic bodies dissolves into the alloy melt and transforms into liquid channels, consequently inducing the steel melt infiltrating and filling in the pores and the liquid channels. Moreover, the metallurgical bonding and interfacial reactive bonding also play a key role on the stability of the bonding interface.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program[Grant No.2018YFA0702900]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.51774265]+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China[Grant No.2019ZX06004010]Program of CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation TeamYouth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS。
文摘Here,we report the leading manu facture of the large-scale integral weldless stainless steel forging ring(φ=15.6 m)by the multilayer additive hot-compression bonding technology.Moreover,the detailed interface healing mecha nism involving interfacial oxide evolution is elucidated,which validates the feasibility and reliability of the technique we proposed.
基金Project(2007CB613704)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50874100)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys,the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE)was employed to fabricate the Mg-5Gd-5Y/Mg-2Zn-1Gd(GW55/ZG21)laminated composites.After fabrication and annealing treatment,the microstructural evolution,phase constitution,microhardness,and bonding strength were investigated on the bonding interface zone of GW55/ZG21 laminated composites.The bonding interface zone of GW55/ZG21 laminated composites comprises a lot of Mg3(Y,Gd)2Zn3 particles along the bonding interface,some rod Mg24(Y,Gd)5 phases on GW55 side,and a precipitation free zone(PFZ)on ZG21 side.After annealing treatment,Mg3(Y,Gd)2Zn3 particles along the bonding interface increase, rod Mg24(Y,Gd)5 phases on GW55 side decrease,and PFZ is broadened.Meanwhile,the hardness on the bonding interface zone decreases and the bonding strength increases from 126 MPa to 162 MPa.
基金Project (51474189) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (E2018203446) supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Hebei Scientific Committee,ChinaProject (QN2015214) supported by the Educational Commission of Hebei Province,China
文摘Based on traditional twin-roll casting process,Invar/Cu clad strips were successfully fabricated by using solid Invar alloy strip and molten Cu under conditions of high temperature,high pressure and plastic deformation.A series of tests including tensile test,bending test,T-type peeling test and scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)measurements were carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of Invar/Cu clad strips and the micro-morphology of tensile fracture surfaces and bonding interfaces.The results indicate that no delamination phenomenon occurs during the compatible deformation of Invar/Cu in bending test and only one stress platform exists in the tensile stress-strain curve when the bonding strength is large.On the contrary,different mechanical properties of Invar and Cu lead to delamination phenomenon during the uniaxial tensile test,which determines that two stress platforms occur on the stress-strain curve of Invar/Cu clad strips when two elements experience necking.The average peeling strength can be increased from13.85to42.31N/mm after heat treatment at800℃for1h,and the observation of the Cu side at peeling interface shows that more Fe is adhered on the Cu side after the heat treatment.All above illustrate that heat treatment can improve the strength of the bonding interface of Invar/Cu clad strips.
基金financially supported by the Science Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology,China (No.SAST2020-117)。
文摘Diffusion bonding of as-cast Mg−6Gd−3Y magnesium alloy was carried out at temperatures of 400−480℃ with bonding pressure of 6 MPa for 90 min.Diffusion bonded joints were solution treated at 495℃ for 14 h and then aged at 200℃ for 30 h.Microstructures and mechanical properties of joints were analyzed.The results showed that rare earth elements and their compounds gathering at bonding interface hindered the grain boundary migration crossing bonding interface.Tensile strength of as-bonded and as-solution treated joints increased firstly and then decreased with the bonding temperature increasing due to the combined effects of grain coarsening and solid-solution strengthening.As-bonded and solution-treated joints fractured at matrix except the joint bonded at 400℃,while aged joints fractured at bonding interface.The highest ultimate tensile strength of 279 MPa with elongation of 2.8%was found in joint bonded at 440℃ with solution treatment followed by aging treatment.
基金the support provided by the China Scholarship Council(No.201806290070)the fund by the State Key Laboratory of Solidifi cation Processing in NWPU(No.2019-QZ-01)。
文摘This study focuses on the bonding interface characteristics and mechanical properties of the bobbin tool friction stir welded dissimilar AA6056 and AA2219 aluminum alloy joints using diff erent welding speeds.Voids arise solely in the stir zone at the AA2219 side.A distinct boundary with limited material mixing develops at the middle section of the bonding interface,while excellent material mixing with an irregularly jagged pattern forms at the top and bottom sections of the bonding interface.Increasing the welding speed,the material mixing is rarely changed at the middle section in comparison with the bottom section.Furthermore,a small diff erence between Guinier–Preston dissolution and Q phase precipitation leads to rare change of hardness in the heat aff ected zone(HAZ)at the AA6056 side.The increased hardness of the HAZ at the AA2219 side is attributed to avoidance of the dissolution ofθ’’phase precipitates.A maximum tensile strength of 181 MPa is obtained at 300 mm min-1.Fractures occur at the AA6056 side near the top and bottom surfaces and at the bonding interface in the middle section of the joints.The regions close to the top and bottom surfaces of the joints show a better ductility.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974278)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province Distinguished Young Fund Project,China(No.E2018203446)the National Foundation of Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFA0707303)
文摘The mechanical properties and product thickness specifications of bimetallic clad strip prepared by twin-roll casting are tightly related to the mechanical behavior of bonding interface interaction.The thermal−flow coupled simulation and the interface pressure calculation models are established with the cast-rolling velocity as the variable.The results show that the interface temperature decreases,the interface pressure and the proportion of the thickness of the Al side increase with the decrease in cast-rolling velocity.The thinning of Cu strip mainly occurs in the backward slip zone.The higher pressure and longer solid/semi-solid contact time make the interface bonded fully,which provides favorable conditions for atomic diffusion.The inter-diffusion zone with a width of 4.9μm is attained at a cast-rolling velocity of 2.4 m/min,and the Cu side surface is nearly completely covered by aluminum.Therefore,the ductile fracture occurs on the Al side,which prevents the propagation of interface delamination cracks effectively.Meanwhile,shear effect becomes more significant at high interfacial pressure and large plastic strain,and the microstructure on Al side is composed of slender columnar crystals.Thus,the metallurgical bonding and refinement of grains on the Al side can result in higher bonding strength and tensile properties of the clad strip.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFA0702900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975096).
文摘The metallurgical bonding quality of bonding joints is affected by the substrate surface state in hot-compression bonding(HCB),and the surface roughness is a core indicator of the surface state.However,the effects of surface roughness on interface bonding performance(IBP)in the HCB process are unclear for substrates with refractory oxide scales.This study presents the effects of surface roughness on IBP for 316H stainless steel joints fabricated by HCB.A set of HCB parameters for interface bonding critical state of 316H stainless steel joints was determined.The HCB experiments were carried out under parameters of interface bonding critical state to amplify the effect of surface roughness.The interface morphologies,element distribution,and tensile properties were used to characterize the IBP.As a result,the formation mechanisms of the interface pits were revealed and the variation trend of pit number with the roughness was summarized.Finally,the mapping relation between surface roughness and IBP was established.The results show that the degree of rotational dynamic recrystallization becomes weaker with the decrease in the surface roughness and the interface bonding mechanism is completely transformed into discontinuous dynamic recrystallization when the roughness is lower than 0.020μm Sa.The number of interfacial pits decreases as the roughness decreases owing to the weakening of oxide scale aggregation and abrasive inclusion mechanism.The elongation of the tensile specimen cannot increase significantly while the roughness is lower than 0.698μm Sa.
基金Project(50054) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universityproject(20060004020) supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education+1 种基金project(3062017) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, Chinaproject(2004SZ007) supported by the Foundation of Beijing Jiaotong University
文摘The ratio of Fe-Al compound at the bonding interface of solid steel plate to Al-7graphite slurry was used to characterize the interracial structure of steel-Al-7graphite semi-solid bonding plate quantitatively. The relationship between the ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface and bonding parameters （such as preheat temperature of steel plate, solid fraction of Al-7graphite slurry and rolling speed） was established by artificial neural networks perfectly. The results show that when the bonding parameters are 516 ℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate, 32.5% for solid fraction of Al-7graphite slurry and 12 mm/s for rolling speed, the reasonable ratio of Fe-Al compound corresponding to the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is obtained to be 70.1%. This reasonable ratio of Fe-Al compound is a quantitative criterion of interracial embrittlement, namely, when the ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface is larger than 70.1%, interfacial embrittlement will occur.
