The interaction of an atom with an intense laser field provides an important approach to explore the ultrafast electron dynamics and extract the information of the atomic and molecular structures with unprecedented at...The interaction of an atom with an intense laser field provides an important approach to explore the ultrafast electron dynamics and extract the information of the atomic and molecular structures with unprecedented attosecond temporal and angstrom spatial resolution. To well understand the strong field atomic processes, numerous theoretical methods have been developed, including solving the time-dependent Schr ?dinger equation(TDSE), classical and semiclassical trajectory method, quantum S-matrix theory within the strong-field approximation, etc. Recently, an alternative and complementary quantum approach, called Bohmian trajectory theory, has been successfully used in the strong-field atomic physics and an exciting progress has been achieved in the study of strong-field phenomena. In this paper, we provide an overview of the Bohmian trajectory method and its perspective on two strong field atomic processes, i.e., atomic and molecular ionization and high-order harmonic generation, respectively.展开更多
We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation （HHG） in a two-color laser field using the Bohmian mechanics. Our results show that, for tile case of a weak second-color laser field, the simulation of the ...We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation （HHG） in a two-color laser field using the Bohmian mechanics. Our results show that, for tile case of a weak second-color laser field, the simulation of the HHG with only one central Bohmian trajectory is in a good agreement with the ab initio time-dependent Schrodinger equation （TDSE） results. In contrast, with the increase of the amplitude of the second-color laser field, the HHG spectra from the single central Bohmian trajectory deviate from the TDSE results more and more significantly. By analyzing the Bohmian trajectories, we find that the significant deviation is due to the fact that the central Bohmian trajectory leaves the core quickly in the two-color laser field with the breaking of inversion symmetry. Interestingly, we find that another Bohmian trajectory with different initial position, which keeps oscillating around the core, could qualitatively well reproduce the TDSE results. Furthermore, we study the HHG spectrum in a two-color laser field with inversion symmetry and find that the HHG spectrum in TDSE can be still well simulated with the central Bohmian trajectory. These results indicate that, similar to the case of one color laser field, the HHG spectra in a two-color laser field can be also reproduced with a single Bohmian trajectory, although the initial position of the trajectory is dependent on the symmetry of the laser field. Our work thus demonstrates that Bohmian trajectory theory can be used as a promising tool in investigating the HHG process in a two-color laser field.展开更多
The excitation process of electrons from the ground state to the first excited state via the resonant laser pulse is investigated by the Bohmian mechanics method. It is found that the Bohmian particles far away from t...The excitation process of electrons from the ground state to the first excited state via the resonant laser pulse is investigated by the Bohmian mechanics method. It is found that the Bohmian particles far away from the nucleus are easier to be excited and are excited firstly, while the Bohmian particles in the ground state is subject to a strong quantum force at a certain moment, being excited, to the first excited state instantaneously. A detailed analysis for one of the trajectories is made, and finally we present the space and energy distribution of 2000 Bohmian particles at several typical instants and analyze their dynamical process at these moments.展开更多
Using Bohmlan trajectory （151） method, we investigate the dynamic interference in nlgn-orcter narmonlc generauon from diatomic molecular ions. It is demonstrated that the main characteristics of the molecular harmon...Using Bohmlan trajectory （151） method, we investigate the dynamic interference in nlgn-orcter narmonlc generauon from diatomic molecular ions. It is demonstrated that the main characteristics of the molecular harmonic spectrum can be well reproduced by only two BTs which are located at the two ions. This haiapens because these two localized trajectories can receive and store the whole collision information coming from all of the other re-collision trajectories. Therefore, the amplitudes and frequencies of these two trajectories represent the intensity and frequency distribution of the harmonic generation. Moreover, the interference between these two trajectories shows a dip in the harmonic spectrum, which reveals the molecular structure information.展开更多
The ionization dynamics of two-electron atom in an intense laser field is studied by the Bohmian mechanics(BM)theory, and the xenon atomic potential function is used as a model. The single ionization process and doubl...The ionization dynamics of two-electron atom in an intense laser field is studied by the Bohmian mechanics(BM)theory, and the xenon atomic potential function is used as a model. The single ionization process and double ionization process are calculated by the BM theory and their results are in good agreement with those calculated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The analyses of the types, trajectories, and forces of Bohmian particles(BPs)undergoing the single and double ionizations indicate that the re-collision process accounts for a considerable proportion in the singly ionized cases. Furthermore, the analysis of the work done by the external force acting on the BPs shows that the quantum force plays an important role in the re-collision process. This work is helpful in understanding the ionization of two-electron atom in an intense laser field.展开更多
This paper introduces Bohmian mechanics （BM） into the intense laser-atom physics to study high-order harmonic generation. In BM, the trajectories of atomic electron in an intense laser field can be obtained with the...This paper introduces Bohmian mechanics （BM） into the intense laser-atom physics to study high-order harmonic generation. In BM, the trajectories of atomic electron in an intense laser field can be obtained with the Bohm--Newton equation. The power spectrum with the trajectory of an atomic electron is calculated, which is found to be irregular. Next, the power spectrum associated with an atom ensemble from BM is considered, where the power spectrum becomes regular and consistent with that from quantum mechanics. Finally, the reason of the generation of the irregular spectrum is discussed.展开更多
In studying interactions between intense laser fields and atoms or molecules,the role of electron correlation effects on the dynamical response is an important and pressing issue to address.Utilizing Bohmian mechanics...In studying interactions between intense laser fields and atoms or molecules,the role of electron correlation effects on the dynamical response is an important and pressing issue to address.Utilizing Bohmian mechanics(BM),we have theoretically explored the two-electron correlation characteristics while generating high-order harmonics in xenon atoms subjected to intense laser fields.We initially employed Bohmian trajectories to reproduce the dynamics of the electrons and subsequently utilized time-frequency analysis spectra to ascertain the emission time windows for high-order harmonics.Within these time windows,we classified the nuclear region Bohmian trajectories and observed that intense high-order harmonics are solely generated when paired Bohmian particles(BPs)concurrently appear in the nuclear region and reside there for a duration within a re-collision time window.Furthermore,our analysis of characteristic trajectories producing high-order harmonics led us to propose a two-electron re-collision model to elucidate this phenomenon.The study demonstrates that intense high-order harmonics are only generated when both electrons are in the ground state within the re-collision time window.This work discusses the implications of correlation effects between two electrons and offers valuable insights for studying correlation in multi-electron high-order harmonic generation.展开更多
Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we fin...Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we find that under the action of high frequency and low intensity multi-circle resonant laser pulses, the ionized BPs first absorb one photon completing the excitation, and then absorb another photon, completing the ionization after staying in the first excited state for a period of time. The analysis of work done by the forces shows that the electric field force and quantum force play a major role in the whole ionization process. At the excitation moment and in the excitation-ionization process, the effect of the quantum force is greater than that of the electric field force. Finally, we discuss the principle of work and energy for BPs, and find that the electric field force and quantum force are non-conservative forces whose work is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of the system. In addition, it is proved that the quantum potential energy actually comes from the kinetic energy of the system and the increment of kinetic energy is equal to that of the kinetic energy of the system.展开更多
Bohm’s mechanics was built for explaining individual results in measurements, and mainly for getting rid of the enigmatic reduction postulate. Its main idea is that particles have at any time definite positions and v...Bohm’s mechanics was built for explaining individual results in measurements, and mainly for getting rid of the enigmatic reduction postulate. Its main idea is that particles have at any time definite positions and velocities. An additional axiom is that particles follow continuous trajectories that admit the first derivative in time, the velocity. In the quantum theory, if the position of a quantum object is well-defined at some time, a Δt time later the object may be found anywhere in space, so, the velocity defined as Δx/Δt is completely undefined. This incompatibility is regarded in standard quantum theory as nature’s property. The disagreement between quantum and Bohm’s mechanics is particularly strong in wave-like phenomena, e.g. interference. For a particle traveling through an interference fringe, Bohm’s velocity formula shows a dependence of the time-of-flight on the fringe length. Such a dependence is not supported by the quantum theory. Thus, for deciding which prediction is correct one has to measure times-of-flight. But this is a problem. If one detects a particle at two positions and records the detection times, the time difference is meaningless, because the first position measurement disturbs the particle’s Bohm velocity (if exists). This text suggests a way around: instead of measuring positions and times, the particles are raised to an excited, unstable level, by passing them through a laser beam. The unstable level will decay in time, s.t. the density of probability of the excited atoms will indicate the time elapsed since excitation. For comparing the Bohmian and quantum predictions, this text proposes in continuation to send the beam of excited particle upon a mirror. Bohm’s velocity leads to anomalies in the reflected wave.展开更多
The duration of a bound electron tunneling through the barrier formed by atomic potential and electrostatic field is calculated by the Bohmian trajectories scheme. The time of the tunneling ionization decreases with t...The duration of a bound electron tunneling through the barrier formed by atomic potential and electrostatic field is calculated by the Bohmian trajectories scheme. The time of the tunneling ionization decreases with the increase of the amplitude of the electrostatic field. By using the information about the position, velocity and force of the Bohmian trajectories, the dynamical process of tunneling through the barrier is investigated.展开更多
With the development of attosecond science, tunneling time can now be measured experimentally with the attoclock technique. However, there are many different theoretical definitions of tunneling time and no consensus ...With the development of attosecond science, tunneling time can now be measured experimentally with the attoclock technique. However, there are many different theoretical definitions of tunneling time and no consensus has been achieved.Here, we bridge the relationship between different definitions of tunneling time based on a quantum travel time in onedimensional rectangular barrier tunneling problem. We find that the real quantum travel time t_(Re) is equal to the Bohmian time t_(Bohmian), which is related to the resonance lifetime of a bound state. The total quantum travel time τt can perfectly retrieve the transversal time t_x and the Büttiker–Landauer time τ_(BL) in two opposite limits, regardless of the particle energy.展开更多
The New General System theory was developed to be a theory of everything for complex systems within the world we can observe.This theory was constructed by supplementing a new mind-ether ontology into Bertalanffy’s g...The New General System theory was developed to be a theory of everything for complex systems within the world we can observe.This theory was constructed by supplementing a new mind-ether ontology into Bertalanffy’s general system theory framework.This theory is basically a generalization of classical mechanics rather than a revolution to it taken both by Einstein and Bohr in developing their relativity theory and quantum mechanics.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the reasons why Einstein and many others fail to unify relativity theory with quantum mechanics through comparing the main differences in philosophical opinions among NGST,Einstein,and Bohr.It is the hope of the authors that this clarification could speed up the unification process.展开更多
Since its inception Bohmian mechanics has been generally regarded as a hidden-variable theory aimed at providing an objective description of quantum phenomena. To date, this rather narrow conception of Bohm’s proposa...Since its inception Bohmian mechanics has been generally regarded as a hidden-variable theory aimed at providing an objective description of quantum phenomena. To date, this rather narrow conception of Bohm’s proposal has caused it more rejection than acceptance. Now, after 65 years of Bohmian mechanics, should still be such an interpretational aspect the prevailing appraisal? Why not favoring a more pragmatic view, as a legitimate picture of quantum mechanics, on equal footing in all respects with any other more conventional quantum picture? These questions are used here to introduce a discussion on an alternative way to deal with Bohmian mechanics at present, enhancing its aspect as an efficient and useful picture or formulation to tackle, explore, describe and explain quantum phenomena where phase and correlation (entanglement) are key elements. This discussion is presented through two complementary blocks. The first block is aimed at briefly revisiting the historical context that gave rise to the appearance of Bohmian mechanics, and how this approach or analogous ones have been used in different physical contexts. This discussion is used to emphasize a more pragmatic view to the detriment of the more conventional hidden-variable (ontological) approach that has been a leitmotif within the quantum foundations. The second block focuses on some particular formal aspects of Bohmian mechanics supporting the view presented here, with special emphasis on the physical meaning of the local phase field and the associated velocity field encoded within the wave function. As an illustration, a simple model of Young’s two-slit experiment is considered. The simplicity of this model allows to understand in an easy manner how the information conveyed by the Bohmian formulation relates to other more conventional concepts in quantum mechanics. This sort of pedagogical application is also aimed at showing the potential interest to introduce Bohmian mechanics in undergraduate quantum mechanics courses as a working tool rather than merely an alternative interpretation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11922413,11834015,11874392,11804374,11847243,and 11774387)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB21010400)
文摘The interaction of an atom with an intense laser field provides an important approach to explore the ultrafast electron dynamics and extract the information of the atomic and molecular structures with unprecedented attosecond temporal and angstrom spatial resolution. To well understand the strong field atomic processes, numerous theoretical methods have been developed, including solving the time-dependent Schr ?dinger equation(TDSE), classical and semiclassical trajectory method, quantum S-matrix theory within the strong-field approximation, etc. Recently, an alternative and complementary quantum approach, called Bohmian trajectory theory, has been successfully used in the strong-field atomic physics and an exciting progress has been achieved in the study of strong-field phenomena. In this paper, we provide an overview of the Bohmian trajectory method and its perspective on two strong field atomic processes, i.e., atomic and molecular ionization and high-order harmonic generation, respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11334009,11474321,and 11527807)
文摘We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation （HHG） in a two-color laser field using the Bohmian mechanics. Our results show that, for tile case of a weak second-color laser field, the simulation of the HHG with only one central Bohmian trajectory is in a good agreement with the ab initio time-dependent Schrodinger equation （TDSE） results. In contrast, with the increase of the amplitude of the second-color laser field, the HHG spectra from the single central Bohmian trajectory deviate from the TDSE results more and more significantly. By analyzing the Bohmian trajectories, we find that the significant deviation is due to the fact that the central Bohmian trajectory leaves the core quickly in the two-color laser field with the breaking of inversion symmetry. Interestingly, we find that another Bohmian trajectory with different initial position, which keeps oscillating around the core, could qualitatively well reproduce the TDSE results. Furthermore, we study the HHG spectrum in a two-color laser field with inversion symmetry and find that the HHG spectrum in TDSE can be still well simulated with the central Bohmian trajectory. These results indicate that, similar to the case of one color laser field, the HHG spectra in a two-color laser field can be also reproduced with a single Bohmian trajectory, although the initial position of the trajectory is dependent on the symmetry of the laser field. Our work thus demonstrates that Bohmian trajectory theory can be used as a promising tool in investigating the HHG process in a two-color laser field.
基金Project supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Northeast Dianli University,China(Grant No.BSJXM-201332)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11547114,11534004,11474129,11274141,11447192,and 11304116)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(Grant No.2015091)
文摘The excitation process of electrons from the ground state to the first excited state via the resonant laser pulse is investigated by the Bohmian mechanics method. It is found that the Bohmian particles far away from the nucleus are easier to be excited and are excited firstly, while the Bohmian particles in the ground state is subject to a strong quantum force at a certain moment, being excited, to the first excited state instantaneously. A detailed analysis for one of the trajectories is made, and finally we present the space and energy distribution of 2000 Bohmian particles at several typical instants and analyze their dynamical process at these moments.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB922200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11274141,11034003,11304116,61275128,11247024,and 11274001)the Research Foundation for Basic Research of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20140101168JC)
文摘Using Bohmlan trajectory （151） method, we investigate the dynamic interference in nlgn-orcter narmonlc generauon from diatomic molecular ions. It is demonstrated that the main characteristics of the molecular harmonic spectrum can be well reproduced by only two BTs which are located at the two ions. This haiapens because these two localized trajectories can receive and store the whole collision information coming from all of the other re-collision trajectories. Therefore, the amplitudes and frequencies of these two trajectories represent the intensity and frequency distribution of the harmonic generation. Moreover, the interference between these two trajectories shows a dip in the harmonic spectrum, which reveals the molecular structure information.
基金Project supported by the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Program for Excellent Youth Talents,China(Grant No.20180520174JH)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704145,11904050,11774129,11747007,11534004,and 12074145).
文摘The ionization dynamics of two-electron atom in an intense laser field is studied by the Bohmian mechanics(BM)theory, and the xenon atomic potential function is used as a model. The single ionization process and double ionization process are calculated by the BM theory and their results are in good agreement with those calculated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The analyses of the types, trajectories, and forces of Bohmian particles(BPs)undergoing the single and double ionizations indicate that the re-collision process accounts for a considerable proportion in the singly ionized cases. Furthermore, the analysis of the work done by the external force acting on the BPs shows that the quantum force plays an important role in the re-collision process. This work is helpful in understanding the ionization of two-electron atom in an intense laser field.
文摘This paper introduces Bohmian mechanics （BM） into the intense laser-atom physics to study high-order harmonic generation. In BM, the trajectories of atomic electron in an intense laser field can be obtained with the Bohm--Newton equation. The power spectrum with the trajectory of an atomic electron is calculated, which is found to be irregular. Next, the power spectrum associated with an atom ensemble from BM is considered, where the power spectrum becomes regular and consistent with that from quantum mechanics. Finally, the reason of the generation of the irregular spectrum is discussed.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation(General Project)of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20230101283JC)。
文摘In studying interactions between intense laser fields and atoms or molecules,the role of electron correlation effects on the dynamical response is an important and pressing issue to address.Utilizing Bohmian mechanics(BM),we have theoretically explored the two-electron correlation characteristics while generating high-order harmonics in xenon atoms subjected to intense laser fields.We initially employed Bohmian trajectories to reproduce the dynamics of the electrons and subsequently utilized time-frequency analysis spectra to ascertain the emission time windows for high-order harmonics.Within these time windows,we classified the nuclear region Bohmian trajectories and observed that intense high-order harmonics are solely generated when paired Bohmian particles(BPs)concurrently appear in the nuclear region and reside there for a duration within a re-collision time window.Furthermore,our analysis of characteristic trajectories producing high-order harmonics led us to propose a two-electron re-collision model to elucidate this phenomenon.The study demonstrates that intense high-order harmonics are only generated when both electrons are in the ground state within the re-collision time window.This work discusses the implications of correlation effects between two electrons and offers valuable insights for studying correlation in multi-electron high-order harmonic generation.
基金Project supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project-Excellent Youth Talents Fund Project,China(Grant No.20180520174JH)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1170414511904050,11774129,11747007,and 11534004).
文摘Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization process of hydrogen atom via the resonant laser pulse is studied by Bohmian mechanics (BM) method. By analyzing the trajectories and energies of Bohmian particles (BPs), we find that under the action of high frequency and low intensity multi-circle resonant laser pulses, the ionized BPs first absorb one photon completing the excitation, and then absorb another photon, completing the ionization after staying in the first excited state for a period of time. The analysis of work done by the forces shows that the electric field force and quantum force play a major role in the whole ionization process. At the excitation moment and in the excitation-ionization process, the effect of the quantum force is greater than that of the electric field force. Finally, we discuss the principle of work and energy for BPs, and find that the electric field force and quantum force are non-conservative forces whose work is equal to the increment of mechanical energy of the system. In addition, it is proved that the quantum potential energy actually comes from the kinetic energy of the system and the increment of kinetic energy is equal to that of the kinetic energy of the system.
文摘Bohm’s mechanics was built for explaining individual results in measurements, and mainly for getting rid of the enigmatic reduction postulate. Its main idea is that particles have at any time definite positions and velocities. An additional axiom is that particles follow continuous trajectories that admit the first derivative in time, the velocity. In the quantum theory, if the position of a quantum object is well-defined at some time, a Δt time later the object may be found anywhere in space, so, the velocity defined as Δx/Δt is completely undefined. This incompatibility is regarded in standard quantum theory as nature’s property. The disagreement between quantum and Bohm’s mechanics is particularly strong in wave-like phenomena, e.g. interference. For a particle traveling through an interference fringe, Bohm’s velocity formula shows a dependence of the time-of-flight on the fringe length. Such a dependence is not supported by the quantum theory. Thus, for deciding which prediction is correct one has to measure times-of-flight. But this is a problem. If one detects a particle at two positions and records the detection times, the time difference is meaningless, because the first position measurement disturbs the particle’s Bohm velocity (if exists). This text suggests a way around: instead of measuring positions and times, the particles are raised to an excited, unstable level, by passing them through a laser beam. The unstable level will decay in time, s.t. the density of probability of the excited atoms will indicate the time elapsed since excitation. For comparing the Bohmian and quantum predictions, this text proposes in continuation to send the beam of excited particle upon a mirror. Bohm’s velocity leads to anomalies in the reflected wave.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CB922200the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11274141,11304116,11274001 and 11247024the Jilin Provincial Research Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No 20140101168JC
文摘The duration of a bound electron tunneling through the barrier formed by atomic potential and electrostatic field is calculated by the Bohmian trajectories scheme. The time of the tunneling ionization decreases with the increase of the amplitude of the electrostatic field. By using the information about the position, velocity and force of the Bohmian trajectories, the dynamical process of tunneling through the barrier is investigated.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0401100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11425414,11504215,and 11874246)
文摘With the development of attosecond science, tunneling time can now be measured experimentally with the attoclock technique. However, there are many different theoretical definitions of tunneling time and no consensus has been achieved.Here, we bridge the relationship between different definitions of tunneling time based on a quantum travel time in onedimensional rectangular barrier tunneling problem. We find that the real quantum travel time t_(Re) is equal to the Bohmian time t_(Bohmian), which is related to the resonance lifetime of a bound state. The total quantum travel time τt can perfectly retrieve the transversal time t_x and the Büttiker–Landauer time τ_(BL) in two opposite limits, regardless of the particle energy.
基金This work was supported by Zhejiang Key R&D Program No.2021C03157start-up funding from Westlake University under grant number 041030150118Scientific Research Funding Project of Westlake University under Grant No.2021WUFP017.
文摘The New General System theory was developed to be a theory of everything for complex systems within the world we can observe.This theory was constructed by supplementing a new mind-ether ontology into Bertalanffy’s general system theory framework.This theory is basically a generalization of classical mechanics rather than a revolution to it taken both by Einstein and Bohr in developing their relativity theory and quantum mechanics.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the reasons why Einstein and many others fail to unify relativity theory with quantum mechanics through comparing the main differences in philosophical opinions among NGST,Einstein,and Bohr.It is the hope of the authors that this clarification could speed up the unification process.
文摘Since its inception Bohmian mechanics has been generally regarded as a hidden-variable theory aimed at providing an objective description of quantum phenomena. To date, this rather narrow conception of Bohm’s proposal has caused it more rejection than acceptance. Now, after 65 years of Bohmian mechanics, should still be such an interpretational aspect the prevailing appraisal? Why not favoring a more pragmatic view, as a legitimate picture of quantum mechanics, on equal footing in all respects with any other more conventional quantum picture? These questions are used here to introduce a discussion on an alternative way to deal with Bohmian mechanics at present, enhancing its aspect as an efficient and useful picture or formulation to tackle, explore, describe and explain quantum phenomena where phase and correlation (entanglement) are key elements. This discussion is presented through two complementary blocks. The first block is aimed at briefly revisiting the historical context that gave rise to the appearance of Bohmian mechanics, and how this approach or analogous ones have been used in different physical contexts. This discussion is used to emphasize a more pragmatic view to the detriment of the more conventional hidden-variable (ontological) approach that has been a leitmotif within the quantum foundations. The second block focuses on some particular formal aspects of Bohmian mechanics supporting the view presented here, with special emphasis on the physical meaning of the local phase field and the associated velocity field encoded within the wave function. As an illustration, a simple model of Young’s two-slit experiment is considered. The simplicity of this model allows to understand in an easy manner how the information conveyed by the Bohmian formulation relates to other more conventional concepts in quantum mechanics. This sort of pedagogical application is also aimed at showing the potential interest to introduce Bohmian mechanics in undergraduate quantum mechanics courses as a working tool rather than merely an alternative interpretation.
