Bluetooth low energy(BLE)-based indoor localization has been extensively researched due to its cost-effectiveness,low power consumption,and ubiquity.Despite these advantages,the variability of received signal strength...Bluetooth low energy(BLE)-based indoor localization has been extensively researched due to its cost-effectiveness,low power consumption,and ubiquity.Despite these advantages,the variability of received signal strength indicator(RSSI)measurements,influenced by physical obstacles,human presence,and electronic interference,poses a significant challenge to accurate localization.In this work,we present an optimised method to enhance indoor localization accuracy by utilising multiple BLE beacons in a radio frequency(RF)-dense modern building environment.Through a proof-of-concept study,we demonstrate that using three BLE beacons reduces localization error from a worst-case distance of 9.09-2.94 m,whereas additional beacons offer minimal incremental benefit in such settings.Furthermore,our framework for BLE-based localization,implemented on an edge network of Raspberry Pies,has been released under an open-source license,enabling broader application and further research.展开更多
According to the requirement of natural human-computer interaction for Ambient Intelligence （Aml）, a Bluetoothbased authentication technique is provided. An authentication network combining advantages of Bluetooth a...According to the requirement of natural human-computer interaction for Ambient Intelligence （Aml）, a Bluetoothbased authentication technique is provided. An authentication network combining advantages of Bluetooth ad hoc network with the Ethernet is introduced first in detail. Then we propose a Bluetooth badge for storing the user＇s identification information. Finally, the authentication system based on Bluetooth badge and authentication network is introduced. It is demonstrated experimentally that the Bluetooth-based authentication technique can authenticate the user automatically.展开更多
In this paper, the application of bluetooth in vehicle hands free system was described, then the hardware and software structure of system had been designed. Finally, selection about electron parts and chip of electro...In this paper, the application of bluetooth in vehicle hands free system was described, then the hardware and software structure of system had been designed. Finally, selection about electron parts and chip of electronic equipments was presented in detail.展开更多
Compared with other elevator control systems, the wireless control system has many advantages such as easy to install and maintain. Bluetooth is a new technology of short-range wireless communication, and the idea of ...Compared with other elevator control systems, the wireless control system has many advantages such as easy to install and maintain. Bluetooth is a new technology of short-range wireless communication, and the idea of applying Bluetooth to the elevator wireless control system is expected to get wide application. In this paper, a wireless control prototype system is introduced, and the experiments of this system proved the feasibility of this idea.展开更多
Fingerprint⁃based Bluetooth positioning is a popular indoor positioning technology.However,the change of indoor environment and Bluetooth anchor locations has significant impact on signal distribution,which will resul...Fingerprint⁃based Bluetooth positioning is a popular indoor positioning technology.However,the change of indoor environment and Bluetooth anchor locations has significant impact on signal distribution,which will result in the decline of positioning accuracy.The widespread extension of Bluetooth positioning is limited by the need of manual effort to collect the fingerprints with position labels for fingerprint database construction and updating.To address this problem,this paper presents an adaptive fingerprint database updating approach.First,the crowdsourced data including the Bluetooth Received Signal Strength(RSS)sequences and the speed and heading of the pedestrian were recorded.Second,the recorded crowdsourced data were fused by the Kalman Filtering(KF),and then fed into the trajectory validity analysis model with the purpose of assigning the unlabeled RSS data with position labels to generate candidate fingerprints.Third,after enough candidate fingerprints were obtained at each Reference Point(RP),the Density⁃based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)approach was conducted on both the original and the candidate fingerprints to filter out the fingerprints which had been identified as the noise,and then the mean of fingerprints in the cluster with the largest data volume was selected as the updated fingerprint of the corresponding RP.Finally,the extensive experimental results show that with the increase of the number of candidate fingerprints and update iterations,the fingerprint⁃based Bluetooth positioning accuracy can be effectively improved.展开更多
Dual-purpose systems for both normal and disaster situations are necessary for providing continuous services from normal situations to disaster situations. We have been developing the dual-purposed systems based on th...Dual-purpose systems for both normal and disaster situations are necessary for providing continuous services from normal situations to disaster situations. We have been developing the dual-purposed systems based on the assurance network design principle. The assurance network design principle makes the dual-purpose systems work stably in both normal and disaster situations. This paper proposes a connectivity-dependent data propagation scheme, in which each terminal transfers data adaptively by wireless multi-hop data transfer or store-and-forward data transfer depending on whether the terminal has connections to its neighboring terminals. To verify the resilience against disconnection among neighboring terminals, we show field experimental results on data propagation time. Also we propose the dual-purpose system, in which there are two types of graphical user interface (GUI) for both situations. Whenever each terminal receives a special packet in disaster situations, the GUI automatically switches from one type for normal situations to another type for disaster situations. We have unified these two types of GUI so that users can understand how to use them even when GUI is automatically switched. To validate feasibility of the dual-purpose normal and disaster situations system, we show experimental results on dissemination of assessment information and automatical switching of GUIs.展开更多
Based on the discussion of bluetooth and network technology, this paper proposed an entire framework of a wireless distributed monitoring system by combining the characteristics of industry application. The feasibilit...Based on the discussion of bluetooth and network technology, this paper proposed an entire framework of a wireless distributed monitoring system by combining the characteristics of industry application. The feasibility of putting this kind of system in practice is discussed. The wireless distributed monitoring system can enhance the performance of condition monitoring more than the traditional one used now.展开更多
The increasing availability of ubiquitous sensor data on the built environment holds great potential for a new generation of travel and mobility research.Bluetooth technology,for example,is already vastly used in vehi...The increasing availability of ubiquitous sensor data on the built environment holds great potential for a new generation of travel and mobility research.Bluetooth technology,for example,is already vastly used in vehicular transportation management solutions and services.Current studies discuss the potential of this emerging technology for pedestrian mobility research,but it has yet to be examined in a large urban setting.One of the main problems is detecting pedestrians from Bluetooth records since their behavior and movement patterns share similarities with other urban transportation modes.This study aims to accurately detect pedestrians using a network of 65 Bluetooth detectors located in Tel-Aviv,Israel,which record on average over 60,000 unique daily Bluetooth Media-Access-Control addresses.We propose a detection methodology that includes system calibration,effective travel time calculation,and classification by velocity that takes into consideration the probability of vehicular traffic jams.An evaluation of the proposed methodology presents a promising pedestrian detection accuracy rate of 89%.We showcase the results of pedestrian traffic analysis,together with a discussion on the data analysis challenges and limitations.To the best of our knowledge,this work is the first to analyze pedestrian records detection from a Bluetooth network employed in a dynamic urban environment setting.展开更多
Security is a serious concern, whether it may be the security of assets, data and human life. Providing humans with security and safety for their belongings and items is an important need. A smart lock door project/ w...Security is a serious concern, whether it may be the security of assets, data and human life. Providing humans with security and safety for their belongings and items is an important need. A smart lock door project/ with different types of methods for entry, like fingerprint and authentication PIN code is suggested with an unnoticeable face tracking camera capturing a photo in case of error data entry. It is to be controlled via the user’s smartphone using Blynk with the implementation of IoT. This technology is made with two microcontrollers. ESP32 is used to control the solenoid lock, fingerprint sensor and keypad. ESP32-CAM is used to capture a photo and send it to the owner’s smartphone to be viewed on Telegram application. Many conclusions are extracted from system results, as well as suggested ideas for future work.展开更多
Bluetooth技术可实现短距离、低功耗的无线通信和构成无线网络(Piconet and Scatternet),采用Bluetooth技术构建的数据采集无线网络系统(Data Acquisition Wireless Network System based on Bluetooth:DAWNS-B)便于进行集中测量和控制...Bluetooth技术可实现短距离、低功耗的无线通信和构成无线网络(Piconet and Scatternet),采用Bluetooth技术构建的数据采集无线网络系统(Data Acquisition Wireless Network System based on Bluetooth:DAWNS-B)便于进行集中测量和控制。介绍Bluetooth ASIC的结构特性以及DAWNS—B的结构原理、硬件电路接口和软件系统。DAWNS-B由前、后端单元构成,Bluetooth ASIC的HCI与PC计算机(或单片机)接口,Bluetooth协议软件栈控制Bluetooth ASIC对主机的HCI命令以及前、后端无线通信和网络通信,应用程序实现数据采集、处理DAWNS-B实现测控系统移动数据交换和无线网络功能,扩大和增强了数据采集系统的功能和应用场合。展开更多
Based on the analyses of the reported Gilbert mixers operating at low supply vol tage,a down-conversion mixer and an up-conversion mixer for 2.4GHz bluetooth transceiver are presented with the modified low voltage de...Based on the analyses of the reported Gilbert mixers operating at low supply vol tage,a down-conversion mixer and an up-conversion mixer for 2.4GHz bluetooth transceiver are presented with the modified low voltage design techniques,respe ctively.Feedback and current mirror techniques suitable for low voltage operatio n are used to improve the linearity of the up-conversion mixer,and folded-casc ode output stage is adopted to optimize the noise and conversion gain of the dow n-conversion mixer operating at low voltage.Based on 0.35μm CMOS technology,s imulations are performed with 2V supply voltage.The results show that 20dBm thir d-order intercept point (IIP3),87mV output signal amplitude are achieved for up -conversion mixer with about 3mA current;while 20dB conversion gain (CG),6.5nV /Hz input-referred noise,4.4dBm IIP3 are obtained for down-conversion mixer with about 3.5mA current.展开更多
A RF low noise amplifier,integrated in a single bluetooth transceiver chip and fabricated in 0.35μm digital CMOS technology,is presented.Under the consideration of ESD protection and package,design methodology is dis...A RF low noise amplifier,integrated in a single bluetooth transceiver chip and fabricated in 0.35μm digital CMOS technology,is presented.Under the consideration of ESD protection and package,design methodology is discussed from the aspects of noise optimization,impedance match,and forward gain.At 2.05GHz,the measured S 11 is -6.4dB, S 21 is 11dB with 3dB-BW of 300MHz,and NF is about 5.3dB.It indicates that comprehensive consideration of parasitics,package model,and reasonable process is necessary for RF circuit design.展开更多
基金supported by James M.Cox Foundation,National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders(grant no.1R21DC021029-01A1)Cox Enterprises Inc.,National Institute of Child Health and Human Development(grant no.AWD-006196-G1)Thrasher Research Fund Early Career Award Program.
文摘Bluetooth low energy(BLE)-based indoor localization has been extensively researched due to its cost-effectiveness,low power consumption,and ubiquity.Despite these advantages,the variability of received signal strength indicator(RSSI)measurements,influenced by physical obstacles,human presence,and electronic interference,poses a significant challenge to accurate localization.In this work,we present an optimised method to enhance indoor localization accuracy by utilising multiple BLE beacons in a radio frequency(RF)-dense modern building environment.Through a proof-of-concept study,we demonstrate that using three BLE beacons reduces localization error from a worst-case distance of 9.09-2.94 m,whereas additional beacons offer minimal incremental benefit in such settings.Furthermore,our framework for BLE-based localization,implemented on an edge network of Raspberry Pies,has been released under an open-source license,enabling broader application and further research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60773186)the Science and Technology Research Foundation of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission of China (No. KM200710005018)
文摘According to the requirement of natural human-computer interaction for Ambient Intelligence （Aml）, a Bluetoothbased authentication technique is provided. An authentication network combining advantages of Bluetooth ad hoc network with the Ethernet is introduced first in detail. Then we propose a Bluetooth badge for storing the user＇s identification information. Finally, the authentication system based on Bluetooth badge and authentication network is introduced. It is demonstrated experimentally that the Bluetooth-based authentication technique can authenticate the user automatically.
文摘In this paper, the application of bluetooth in vehicle hands free system was described, then the hardware and software structure of system had been designed. Finally, selection about electron parts and chip of electronic equipments was presented in detail.
文摘Compared with other elevator control systems, the wireless control system has many advantages such as easy to install and maintain. Bluetooth is a new technology of short-range wireless communication, and the idea of applying Bluetooth to the elevator wireless control system is expected to get wide application. In this paper, a wireless control prototype system is introduced, and the experiments of this system proved the feasibility of this idea.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61771083,61704015)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(Grant No.IRT1299)+3 种基金the Special Fund of Chongqing Key Laboratory(CSTC)Fundamental Science and Frontier Technology Research Project of Chongqing(Grant Nos.cstc2017jcyjAX0380,cstc2015jcyjBX0065)the Scientific and Technological Research Foundation of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJ1704083)the University Outstanding Achievement Transformation Project of Chongqing(Grant No.KJZH17117).
文摘Fingerprint⁃based Bluetooth positioning is a popular indoor positioning technology.However,the change of indoor environment and Bluetooth anchor locations has significant impact on signal distribution,which will result in the decline of positioning accuracy.The widespread extension of Bluetooth positioning is limited by the need of manual effort to collect the fingerprints with position labels for fingerprint database construction and updating.To address this problem,this paper presents an adaptive fingerprint database updating approach.First,the crowdsourced data including the Bluetooth Received Signal Strength(RSS)sequences and the speed and heading of the pedestrian were recorded.Second,the recorded crowdsourced data were fused by the Kalman Filtering(KF),and then fed into the trajectory validity analysis model with the purpose of assigning the unlabeled RSS data with position labels to generate candidate fingerprints.Third,after enough candidate fingerprints were obtained at each Reference Point(RP),the Density⁃based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)approach was conducted on both the original and the candidate fingerprints to filter out the fingerprints which had been identified as the noise,and then the mean of fingerprints in the cluster with the largest data volume was selected as the updated fingerprint of the corresponding RP.Finally,the extensive experimental results show that with the increase of the number of candidate fingerprints and update iterations,the fingerprint⁃based Bluetooth positioning accuracy can be effectively improved.
文摘Dual-purpose systems for both normal and disaster situations are necessary for providing continuous services from normal situations to disaster situations. We have been developing the dual-purposed systems based on the assurance network design principle. The assurance network design principle makes the dual-purpose systems work stably in both normal and disaster situations. This paper proposes a connectivity-dependent data propagation scheme, in which each terminal transfers data adaptively by wireless multi-hop data transfer or store-and-forward data transfer depending on whether the terminal has connections to its neighboring terminals. To verify the resilience against disconnection among neighboring terminals, we show field experimental results on data propagation time. Also we propose the dual-purpose system, in which there are two types of graphical user interface (GUI) for both situations. Whenever each terminal receives a special packet in disaster situations, the GUI automatically switches from one type for normal situations to another type for disaster situations. We have unified these two types of GUI so that users can understand how to use them even when GUI is automatically switched. To validate feasibility of the dual-purpose normal and disaster situations system, we show experimental results on dissemination of assessment information and automatical switching of GUIs.
文摘Based on the discussion of bluetooth and network technology, this paper proposed an entire framework of a wireless distributed monitoring system by combining the characteristics of industry application. The feasibility of putting this kind of system in practice is discussed. The wireless distributed monitoring system can enhance the performance of condition monitoring more than the traditional one used now.
文摘The increasing availability of ubiquitous sensor data on the built environment holds great potential for a new generation of travel and mobility research.Bluetooth technology,for example,is already vastly used in vehicular transportation management solutions and services.Current studies discuss the potential of this emerging technology for pedestrian mobility research,but it has yet to be examined in a large urban setting.One of the main problems is detecting pedestrians from Bluetooth records since their behavior and movement patterns share similarities with other urban transportation modes.This study aims to accurately detect pedestrians using a network of 65 Bluetooth detectors located in Tel-Aviv,Israel,which record on average over 60,000 unique daily Bluetooth Media-Access-Control addresses.We propose a detection methodology that includes system calibration,effective travel time calculation,and classification by velocity that takes into consideration the probability of vehicular traffic jams.An evaluation of the proposed methodology presents a promising pedestrian detection accuracy rate of 89%.We showcase the results of pedestrian traffic analysis,together with a discussion on the data analysis challenges and limitations.To the best of our knowledge,this work is the first to analyze pedestrian records detection from a Bluetooth network employed in a dynamic urban environment setting.
文摘Security is a serious concern, whether it may be the security of assets, data and human life. Providing humans with security and safety for their belongings and items is an important need. A smart lock door project/ with different types of methods for entry, like fingerprint and authentication PIN code is suggested with an unnoticeable face tracking camera capturing a photo in case of error data entry. It is to be controlled via the user’s smartphone using Blynk with the implementation of IoT. This technology is made with two microcontrollers. ESP32 is used to control the solenoid lock, fingerprint sensor and keypad. ESP32-CAM is used to capture a photo and send it to the owner’s smartphone to be viewed on Telegram application. Many conclusions are extracted from system results, as well as suggested ideas for future work.
文摘Bluetooth技术可实现短距离、低功耗的无线通信和构成无线网络(Piconet and Scatternet),采用Bluetooth技术构建的数据采集无线网络系统(Data Acquisition Wireless Network System based on Bluetooth:DAWNS-B)便于进行集中测量和控制。介绍Bluetooth ASIC的结构特性以及DAWNS—B的结构原理、硬件电路接口和软件系统。DAWNS-B由前、后端单元构成,Bluetooth ASIC的HCI与PC计算机(或单片机)接口,Bluetooth协议软件栈控制Bluetooth ASIC对主机的HCI命令以及前、后端无线通信和网络通信,应用程序实现数据采集、处理DAWNS-B实现测控系统移动数据交换和无线网络功能,扩大和增强了数据采集系统的功能和应用场合。
文摘Based on the analyses of the reported Gilbert mixers operating at low supply vol tage,a down-conversion mixer and an up-conversion mixer for 2.4GHz bluetooth transceiver are presented with the modified low voltage design techniques,respe ctively.Feedback and current mirror techniques suitable for low voltage operatio n are used to improve the linearity of the up-conversion mixer,and folded-casc ode output stage is adopted to optimize the noise and conversion gain of the dow n-conversion mixer operating at low voltage.Based on 0.35μm CMOS technology,s imulations are performed with 2V supply voltage.The results show that 20dBm thir d-order intercept point (IIP3),87mV output signal amplitude are achieved for up -conversion mixer with about 3mA current;while 20dB conversion gain (CG),6.5nV /Hz input-referred noise,4.4dBm IIP3 are obtained for down-conversion mixer with about 3.5mA current.
文摘A RF low noise amplifier,integrated in a single bluetooth transceiver chip and fabricated in 0.35μm digital CMOS technology,is presented.Under the consideration of ESD protection and package,design methodology is discussed from the aspects of noise optimization,impedance match,and forward gain.At 2.05GHz,the measured S 11 is -6.4dB, S 21 is 11dB with 3dB-BW of 300MHz,and NF is about 5.3dB.It indicates that comprehensive consideration of parasitics,package model,and reasonable process is necessary for RF circuit design.
