High embryogenic calli of three cutivars of Kentucky bluegrass, Md, Bd, and Gm, were induced from mature embryos, and were proliferated on medium K3 and K5. Embryogenic calli were transformed with plamids pDM803 and p...High embryogenic calli of three cutivars of Kentucky bluegrass, Md, Bd, and Gm, were induced from mature embryos, and were proliferated on medium K3 and K5. Embryogenic calli were transformed with plamids pDM803 and pBY520 by microprojectile bombardment. Fourty-two transgenic lines had been obtained. The highest efficiency of transformation reached to 3.7% for cv. Md, 2.8% for cv. Gm, and 5 % for cv. Bd. The micro nutriment of Cupric had significant effect on transformation. The embryogenic callus cultured in dim-light condition had higher transformation efficiency than the green callus cultured in light condition for one month before transformation. The selective regime and selective pressure on the putative transgenic plants were important for obtaining the desire number of transgenic plants. It also affected the copy number of integrated genes in the genomic DNA of transgenic plants.展开更多
The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of N and trinexapac-ethyl （TE） to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass. By using the method of randomized blocks design, 4 N levels, 0 （N1）, 20 （N2）, 25 （N3）, and 30 ...The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of N and trinexapac-ethyl （TE） to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass. By using the method of randomized blocks design, 4 N levels, 0 （N1）, 20 （N2）, 25 （N3）, and 30 （N4） kg N ha t mon% with TE at 0 （T1）, 312.5 （T2） and 625 （T3） mL ha-1 every 10 d effect on the total height, clippings and chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass were evaluated. Results showed that total height and total clippings of Kentucky bluegrass were reduced by treating with TE and increased by treating with N. Kentucky bluegrass treated with 312.5 and 625 mL ha ＇ per 10 d had total clippings and total height reduced 30 and 45% under different N application level. The N × TE interaction was significant for the chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass. The chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass treated with TE at 625 mL ha-1 every 10 d was significantly higher than that of Kentucky bluegrass treated with 312.5 mL ha-1 every 10 d at the same N level. The chlorophyll concentration of turfgrass treated with TE at 625 mL ha-1 every 10 d receiving 30 kg N ha -1 month-1 was the highest. Based on the index of turf growth and the chlorophyll concentration, turfgrass receiving 20 or 30 kg N ha-1 month-1 with 625 mL TE ha i every 10 d could balance the problem of mowing frequency and growth quickly while keeping a good quality.展开更多
A total of 69 random primers were screened by using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primer...A total of 69 random primers were screened by using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers, among which 195 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify one to nine polymorphic bands with an average of 4.3 per primer. Based on similarity coefficient analysis of RAPD results and by using NTSYS software to cluster analyze with the average UPGMA method, the result showed that 18 cultivars of the 32 were in group 1, three cultivars were in group 2, two cultivars were in group 3, eight cultivars were in group 4, and only one cultivar in group 5.展开更多
The mowing height and mowing frequency are the key factors that affect the turf quality and turfgrass growing ability. The purpose of this study was to reveal the alternative effcient interaction between mowing height...The mowing height and mowing frequency are the key factors that affect the turf quality and turfgrass growing ability. The purpose of this study was to reveal the alternative effcient interaction between mowing height and mowing frequency in Kentucky bluegrass turf management. The Kentucky bluegrass cultivar ＇Kenblue＇ （Poa pratensis L.） was used to evaluate the interactions of mowing heights （H1, H4 and H7） and mowing frequencies （F2, F5 and F8） on the performance of turfgrass and turf physiological responses under the feld condition. The results showed that the treatment of H7×F8 had perfect infuence on the turf texture, root elongation, and also enhanced soluble sugar and free proline content in plants. While, the turf quality, color, uniformity and the increasing tiller numbers were performed more superior in the treatment of H4×F5 than other treatments. In all the interacting treatments, the relation between leaf green index and number of shoots （dm2） was positively correlated, thus, it could be speculated that the proper mowing height with frequency had a strong impact on the increasing of turfgrass tillers. On the whole, the interaction of H4×F5 on turf quality was the most excellent treatment in this experiment.展开更多
Total 69 random primers were screened out through RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers ...Total 69 random primers were screened out through RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers of them, among which 195 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify one to nine polymorphic bands with an average of 4.3 being amplified from an average of primer. Based on the similarity coefficient analysis of RAPD results, NTSYS software and cluster analysis by using average UPGMA method, the result showed that 18 of 32 cultivars were in group 1, three cultivars were in group 2, two cultivars were in group 3, eight cultivars were in group 4, and there was only one cultivar in group 5, which was C2.展开更多
A protocol was discussed for high efficient plant regeneration from seven bluegrass （Poa pratensis L.） cultivars via an in- direct callus induction and somatic embryogenesis method. Mature seeds were used as explant...A protocol was discussed for high efficient plant regeneration from seven bluegrass （Poa pratensis L.） cultivars via an in- direct callus induction and somatic embryogenesis method. Mature seeds were used as explants for callus initiation. Callus induction and proliferation efficiencies were investigated on NB, modified MS （MMS） and MS media, supplemented with 2.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）. The MMS medium performed best. Based on the MMS medium, direct and indirect callus induction effects of bluegrass from mature seeds were compared at the range of 1-5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D contained in the medium. Under the direct callus induction method, the most suitable 2,4-D concentrations varied among cultivars. Under the indirect callus induction method, a significantly high callus induction frequency （93.33%-98.33%） was obtained and there were barely any statistically sig- nificant differences among the tested genetically diverse cultivars. Somatic embryos were promoted on the MMS medium supple- mented with 3 mg·L^-1 2,4-D, 0.1 mg·L^-1 kinetin and 0.8 mg·L^-1 CuSO4. Embryogenetic calli developed into plantlets on the MMS medium containing different concentrations of thidiazuron （TDZ）, and the differentiation frequencies varied in the range from 20.15% to 77.65%. The 0.25 mg·L^-1 TDZ was generally the most suitable concentration for the tested cultivars.展开更多
To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduct...To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）.As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.展开更多
基金This project is supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,China(2001FB10)Young Foundation of Shanxi,China(20001038)+2 种基金Shanxi Scholarship Foundation,Chinathe Hational Natural Science Foundation of China(30270204)DLF-Trifolium,Research Division,Denmark.
文摘High embryogenic calli of three cutivars of Kentucky bluegrass, Md, Bd, and Gm, were induced from mature embryos, and were proliferated on medium K3 and K5. Embryogenic calli were transformed with plamids pDM803 and pBY520 by microprojectile bombardment. Fourty-two transgenic lines had been obtained. The highest efficiency of transformation reached to 3.7% for cv. Md, 2.8% for cv. Gm, and 5 % for cv. Bd. The micro nutriment of Cupric had significant effect on transformation. The embryogenic callus cultured in dim-light condition had higher transformation efficiency than the green callus cultured in light condition for one month before transformation. The selective regime and selective pressure on the putative transgenic plants were important for obtaining the desire number of transgenic plants. It also affected the copy number of integrated genes in the genomic DNA of transgenic plants.
基金supported by the Key International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(2006DFA33630)
文摘The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of N and trinexapac-ethyl （TE） to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass. By using the method of randomized blocks design, 4 N levels, 0 （N1）, 20 （N2）, 25 （N3）, and 30 （N4） kg N ha t mon% with TE at 0 （T1）, 312.5 （T2） and 625 （T3） mL ha-1 every 10 d effect on the total height, clippings and chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass were evaluated. Results showed that total height and total clippings of Kentucky bluegrass were reduced by treating with TE and increased by treating with N. Kentucky bluegrass treated with 312.5 and 625 mL ha ＇ per 10 d had total clippings and total height reduced 30 and 45% under different N application level. The N × TE interaction was significant for the chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass. The chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass treated with TE at 625 mL ha-1 every 10 d was significantly higher than that of Kentucky bluegrass treated with 312.5 mL ha-1 every 10 d at the same N level. The chlorophyll concentration of turfgrass treated with TE at 625 mL ha-1 every 10 d receiving 30 kg N ha -1 month-1 was the highest. Based on the index of turf growth and the chlorophyll concentration, turfgrass receiving 20 or 30 kg N ha-1 month-1 with 625 mL TE ha i every 10 d could balance the problem of mowing frequency and growth quickly while keeping a good quality.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871735 31272191)+2 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD01A19-4-2)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C0207 C200619)
文摘A total of 69 random primers were screened by using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers, among which 195 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify one to nine polymorphic bands with an average of 4.3 per primer. Based on similarity coefficient analysis of RAPD results and by using NTSYS software to cluster analyze with the average UPGMA method, the result showed that 18 cultivars of the 32 were in group 1, three cultivars were in group 2, two cultivars were in group 3, eight cultivars were in group 4, and only one cultivar in group 5.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772354)the National Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(C200619)the State Key Lab of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering(PCCE-KF-2017-02)
文摘The mowing height and mowing frequency are the key factors that affect the turf quality and turfgrass growing ability. The purpose of this study was to reveal the alternative effcient interaction between mowing height and mowing frequency in Kentucky bluegrass turf management. The Kentucky bluegrass cultivar ＇Kenblue＇ （Poa pratensis L.） was used to evaluate the interactions of mowing heights （H1, H4 and H7） and mowing frequencies （F2, F5 and F8） on the performance of turfgrass and turf physiological responses under the feld condition. The results showed that the treatment of H7×F8 had perfect infuence on the turf texture, root elongation, and also enhanced soluble sugar and free proline content in plants. While, the turf quality, color, uniformity and the increasing tiller numbers were performed more superior in the treatment of H4×F5 than other treatments. In all the interacting treatments, the relation between leaf green index and number of shoots （dm2） was positively correlated, thus, it could be speculated that the proper mowing height with frequency had a strong impact on the increasing of turfgrass tillers. On the whole, the interaction of H4×F5 on turf quality was the most excellent treatment in this experiment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871735)National Key Technology R&D Program (2006BAD01A19-4-2)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C0207C200619)
文摘Total 69 random primers were screened out through RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers of them, among which 195 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify one to nine polymorphic bands with an average of 4.3 being amplified from an average of primer. Based on the similarity coefficient analysis of RAPD results, NTSYS software and cluster analysis by using average UPGMA method, the result showed that 18 of 32 cultivars were in group 1, three cultivars were in group 2, two cultivars were in group 3, eight cultivars were in group 4, and there was only one cultivar in group 5, which was C2.
文摘A protocol was discussed for high efficient plant regeneration from seven bluegrass （Poa pratensis L.） cultivars via an in- direct callus induction and somatic embryogenesis method. Mature seeds were used as explants for callus initiation. Callus induction and proliferation efficiencies were investigated on NB, modified MS （MMS） and MS media, supplemented with 2.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）. The MMS medium performed best. Based on the MMS medium, direct and indirect callus induction effects of bluegrass from mature seeds were compared at the range of 1-5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D contained in the medium. Under the direct callus induction method, the most suitable 2,4-D concentrations varied among cultivars. Under the indirect callus induction method, a significantly high callus induction frequency （93.33%-98.33%） was obtained and there were barely any statistically sig- nificant differences among the tested genetically diverse cultivars. Somatic embryos were promoted on the MMS medium supple- mented with 3 mg·L^-1 2,4-D, 0.1 mg·L^-1 kinetin and 0.8 mg·L^-1 CuSO4. Embryogenetic calli developed into plantlets on the MMS medium containing different concentrations of thidiazuron （TDZ）, and the differentiation frequencies varied in the range from 20.15% to 77.65%. The 0.25 mg·L^-1 TDZ was generally the most suitable concentration for the tested cultivars.
基金greatly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant Number 26303012
文摘To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）.As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.
