This study aims to develop and expand a new perspective on ecological value realization(EVR)and provide policy recommendations for marine ecological value realization(MEVR)based on Carbon Trading.Currently,the immatur...This study aims to develop and expand a new perspective on ecological value realization(EVR)and provide policy recommendations for marine ecological value realization(MEVR)based on Carbon Trading.Currently,the immaturity of EVR calculation methods and difficulties in determining the price of ecological products pose significant challenges to ecological value trading.By employing mathematical models and logical reasoning,this study proposes a novel frame-work for EVR,illustrated through several diagrams.According to this frame-work,ecological value is not static but fluctuates with factors such as human well-being(HV)or gross domestic product(GDP).Therefore,ecological value should be determined by an exchange market rather than solely relying on hypothetical calculation methods.Consequently,carbon trading cases are crucial in under-standing ecological value.Based on the analysis of blue carbon(BC)trading cases,including the lack of international BC exchanges,challenges in carbon sink projects,and the Free Rider Effect,this paper identifies current issues in MEVR and BC trading in China.To address these challenges,we propose integrating carbon trading databases with evaluations of ecological protection and restora-tion projects,along with BC trading data,to calculate ecological value.Addi-tionally,we recommend increasing the supply of BC products in both national carbon trading markets and voluntary markets,promoting the internationaliza-tion of BC accounting,addressing the Free Rider Effect through government actions and market mechanisms,attracting more foreign investment in BC en-hancement projects,and formulating a BC enhancement plan during marine resource development.展开更多
The political environment of the South China Sea Region(SCSR)has gradually stabilized,such that regional cooperation in the preservation of marine resources seems realistic.Blue carbon international cooperation is an ...The political environment of the South China Sea Region(SCSR)has gradually stabilized,such that regional cooperation in the preservation of marine resources seems realistic.Blue carbon international cooperation is an important solution to the problem of global warming,which has a large number of economic and political attributes.As a region that has incredibly abundant blue carbon resources,further cooperation among SCSR governments would present the opportunity to establish meaningful economic and environmental protections that would promote peaceful blue carbon development of this region.To examine the feasibility of such an undertaking,we leverage the imitator's dynamic game as a research method and introduce Weber's law to examine the subjective psychological factors(i.e.,biases)of participants in qualifying the economic stability of blue carbon cooperation in the SCSR.The results suggest that the economic stability of blue carbon cooperation correlates to Weber's coefficient and the income produced by the different strategies.Based on these findings,we discussed policy recommendations to promote the sustainable economic development of SCSR.展开更多
Global ocean acidification driven by atmospheric CO 2 uptake is well recognized;however,coastal zones are subject to additional,localized acidification pressures.Among these,the chronic discharge of low-pH-treated was...Global ocean acidification driven by atmospheric CO 2 uptake is well recognized;however,coastal zones are subject to additional,localized acidification pressures.Among these,the chronic discharge of low-pH-treated wastewater(often pH 6.0),permitted under many current regulations,represents a significant but often overlooked stressor.This practice introduces highly acidic loads into sensitive nearshore ecosystems that are chemically incompatible with ambient seawater(pH~8.1).This perspective argues for reframing effluent pH not only as a pollutant parameter to be bounded but also as a modifiable policy lever.Revising discharge standards to require a minimum effluent pH>8.0 for marine outfalls offers a novel pathway to mitigate localized coastal acidification.Furthermore,this approach aligns with emerging ocean alkalinity enhancement strategies,potentially enhancing coastal carbon sequestration and offering cobenefits such as reduced metal toxicity.Such a policy shift necessitates technological adaptation but promises significant benefits for coastal resilience and broader ocean sustainability goals.展开更多
Coastal ecosystems are known for their ability to sequester organic carbon(OC),termed“blue carbon”.The molecular composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)can affect sediment OC content;however,the impact of benth...Coastal ecosystems are known for their ability to sequester organic carbon(OC),termed“blue carbon”.The molecular composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)can affect sediment OC content;however,the impact of benthic bioturbation on DOM properties and OC storage stability is not well understood.This study examined the effects of bio-turbation by fiddler crabs on DOM molecular properties and OC storage stability along the Chinese coastline.These findings indicate that crab bioturbation enhanced the release of labile molecules by 59%on average.This increase is controlled by the coupling reactions of iron and manganese minerals,and is influenced by climatic gradients.Moreover,fiddler crab bioturbation diminishes the durability of blue carbon storage,with the most significant effects observed in mangrove forests,followed by bare mudflats,tidal creek banks,and saltmarshes.These results underscore the critical role of benthic bioturbation in global blue carbon budgets.展开更多
Coastal wetlands possess significant carbon sequestration rates and storage capabilities.Clarifying the methods for evaluating coastal wetland carbon sinks and identifying existing issues are essential for accurately ...Coastal wetlands possess significant carbon sequestration rates and storage capabilities.Clarifying the methods for evaluating coastal wetland carbon sinks and identifying existing issues are essential for accurately assessing coastal blue carbon,understanding the carbon balance between terrestrial-coastal-marine ecosystems,and advancing the“dual carbon”goal.This paper reviews the detailed processes of coastal wetland carbon cycling and summarizes the challenges and difficulties in defining,delineating,and identifying the boundaries of coastal wetlands.We generalize current carbon sink evaluation methods across different dimensions by constructing a“black box theory”.In addition,based on the“white box theory”,we propose a net ecosystem carbon balance model for carbon sink assessment,providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the understanding of coastal wetland carbon sinks and optimizing the evaluation system for coastal blue carbon functionality.We also systematically summarize the current status of carbon sources and sinks in China's coastal wetlands and propose a technical framework for emission reduction and carbon sequestration enhancement through integrated management of coastal zones and wetlands and regulation of key wetland ecological processes,with the aim of increasing the potential of blue carbon in mitigating climate change.Finally,based on the current research gaps,we outline future research priorities for coastal wetland blue carbon.展开更多
Introduction:Large stocks of“blue carbon”exist in the ecosystems of coastal wetlands.This paper presents a case study of the Chinese city of Yancheng.First,through field surveys and laboratory analysis,changes in th...Introduction:Large stocks of“blue carbon”exist in the ecosystems of coastal wetlands.This paper presents a case study of the Chinese city of Yancheng.First,through field surveys and laboratory analysis,changes in the organic carbon(OC)content in typical plant communities throughout the study area are described in detail.Second,an OC burial rate and economic value model is constructed to analyze the composition of the carbon sink values.Outcomes/other:The results are as follows:Of the typical plant communities,Spartina alterniflora has the highest OC content(5.80 g·kg-1),followed by Suaeda glauca(4.78 g·kg-1)and Phragmites australis(3.76 g·kg-1);the contemporary OC sedimentation rates are 2.01,1.48,and 1.22 cm·yr-1,respectively.Spartina alterniflora communities have the highest annual average carbon sink value($418.74/ha)in the study area,followed by Phragmites australis($176.29/ha)and Suaeda glauca($101.54/ha).Discussion:As a result of both the expansion of the Spartina alterniflora area and coastal erosion,the total OC value since 1987 has displayed two-stage characteristics:it first increased and then decreased.Conclusion:In recent years,the annual average decline in OC value has ranged from approximately$82,100 to$123,100(reference:the Sweden carbon tax provided by the World Bank,130$/ton)展开更多
Coastal blue carbon refers to the carbon taken from atmospheric CO2; fixed by advanced plants(including salt marsh,mangrove, and seagrass), phytoplankton, macroalgae, and marine calcifiers via the interaction of plant...Coastal blue carbon refers to the carbon taken from atmospheric CO2; fixed by advanced plants(including salt marsh,mangrove, and seagrass), phytoplankton, macroalgae, and marine calcifiers via the interaction of plants and microbes; and stored in nearshore sediments and soils; as well as the carbon transported from the coast to the ocean and ocean floor. The carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of coastal blue carbon is far greater than that of the terrestrial carbon pool. The mechanisms and controls of the carbon sink from salt marshes, mangroves, seagrasses, the aquaculture of shellfish and macroalgae, and the microbial carbon pump need to be further studied. The methods to quantify coastal blue carbon include carbon flux measurements, carbon pool measurements, manipulative experiments, and modeling. Restoring, conserving, and enhancing blue carbon will increase carbon sinks and produce carbon credits, which could be traded on the carbon market. The need to tackle climate change and implement China's commitment to cut carbon emissions requires us to improve studies on coastal blue carbon science and policy. The knowledge learned from coastal blue carbon improves the conservation and restoration of salt marshes,mangroves, and seagrasses; enhances the function of the microbial carbon pump; and promotes sustainable aquaculture, such as ocean ranching.展开更多
Sequestration of blue carbon(C)in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management.This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiam...Sequestration of blue carbon(C)in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management.This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiamen,China.A field study was conducted on 10-year-old Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata plantations(mono-Sa,mono-Ko)and a 15-year-old mixed plantation-.We found that mono-Ko had a significantly higher ecosystem C sequestration rate(3.32±0.62 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))than others when planted in the indirect shade of pioneer species.As a non-native species,Sonneratia performed better(0.57±0.01 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))when planted with Kandelia than in monotypic plantations.The temporary and long-term certified emission reduction(tCER and lCER)of the 12.98 ha mono-Ko was 4103.89 and 3693.50 net CO_(2)-e within 10 years,respectively.A literature review was conducted to show the compatibility of this study with other natural and plantation sites of China and Bangladesh(the native habitat for Sonneratia).The C sequestration of Sonneratia plantation sites in China is comparable with those in Bangladesh.However,the soil C accumulation rate for a Sonneratia monotypic plantation in Bangladesh decreased with age,yet the same did not occur in the plantations of China.展开更多
In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based o...In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.展开更多
Blue carbon ecosystems,including mangroves,seagrasses,and salt marshes,play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing atmospheric CO_(2)at rates exceeding those of terrestrial forests.This s...Blue carbon ecosystems,including mangroves,seagrasses,and salt marshes,play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing atmospheric CO_(2)at rates exceeding those of terrestrial forests.This study explores the potential of HCWs(Human-Controlled Wetlands)in the Italian Venice Lagoon as an underappreciated component of the global blue carbon pool.Using GEE(Google Earth Engine),we conducted a large-scale assessment of carbon sequestration in these wetlands,demonstrating its advantages over traditional in situ methods in addressing spatial variability.Our findings highlight the significance of below-water mud sediments as primary carbon reservoirs,with a TC(Total Carbon)content of 3.81%±0.94%and a stable storage function akin to peat,reinforced by high CEC(Cation Exchange Capacity).GEE analysis identified a redoximorphic zone at a depth of 20-30 cm,where microbial respiration shifts to anaerobic pathways,preventing carbon release and maintaining long-term sequestration.The study also evaluates key factors affecting remote sensing accuracy,including tidal variations,water depth,and sky cover.The strong correlation between field-measured and satellite-derived carbon parameters(R^(2)>0.85)confirms the reliability of our approach.Furthermore,we developed a GEE-based script for monitoring sediment bioturbation,leveraging Sentinel-1 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)and Sentinel-2 optical data to quantify biological disturbances affecting carbon fluxes.Our results underscore the value of HCWs for carbon sequestration,reinforcing the need for targeted conservation strategies.The scalability and efficiency of remote sensing methodologies,particularly GEE,make them essential for the long-term monitoring of blue carbon ecosystems and the development of effective climate mitigation policies.展开更多
Saltmarsh is one of the blue carbon ecosystems for the highest carbon burial efficiency.However,the buried carbon in saltmarsh may still be exported to coastal water through porewater exchange,a process that has often...Saltmarsh is one of the blue carbon ecosystems for the highest carbon burial efficiency.However,the buried carbon in saltmarsh may still be exported to coastal water through porewater exchange,a process that has often been overlooked in previous studies.A typical tidal creek of the Dongtan saltmarsh wetland in Chongming Island,Shanghai,China,was studied.The224Ra and223Ra activities were measured and the hydrological parameters such as water flow were determined,from which the porewater exchange rate in the tidal creek was estimated to be 1.78±1.73 cm/d.Meanwhile,the carbon concentrations in porewater were determined,based on which the fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported from porewater exchange were derived to be 60±17,6.6±4.0,0.082±0.079,and 16±11 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively.In addition,analysis on different species of carbon in the creek water showed that,the fluxes of DIC,DOC,CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported laterally from tidal creek to coastal sea were 58±14,7.6±2.3,0.0011±0.00063,and 1.5±0.68 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively,indicating that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes accounted for a large portion of the lateral carbon outwelling,and even much higher than those in CH_(4)and CO_(2)fluxes.Furthermore,the carbon exported from porewater exchange accounted for 50%of the carbon burial in the tidal creek system,of which DIC accounted for 73%of the total carbon flux transported by porewater exchange.Therefore,this study indicated that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes to the tidal creek water may cause an overestimation in the carbon sequestration capacity of saltmarsh wetlands,and revealed the importance of porewater exchange for the carbon cycle of tidal creek system of saltmarsh wetlands.展开更多
Poly（pheniothiazine） films were prepared on a porous carbon felt（CF） electrode surface by an electrooxidative polymerization of three phenothiazine derivatives（i.e.,Tthionine（TN）,Toluidine Blue（TB） and Methyl...Poly（pheniothiazine） films were prepared on a porous carbon felt（CF） electrode surface by an electrooxidative polymerization of three phenothiazine derivatives（i.e.,Tthionine（TN）,Toluidine Blue（TB） and Methylene Blue（MB）） from 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution（pH 7.0）.Among the three phenothiazies,the poly（TB） film-modified CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form（NADH） at ＋0.2 V vs.Ag/AgCl.The poly（TB） film-modified CF was successfully used as working electrode unit of highly sensitive amperometric flow-through detector for NADH.The peak currents（peak heights） were almost unchanged,irrespective of a carrier flow rate ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 mL/min,resulting in the measurement of NADH（ca.30 samples/hr） at 4.1 mL/min.The peak current responses of NADH showed linear relationship over the concentration range from 1 to 30 μmol/L（sensitivity：0.318 μA/（μmol/L）;correlation coefficient：0.997）.The lower detection limit was found to be 0.3 μmol/L（S/N = 3）.展开更多
An activation process for developing the surface and porous structure of palygorskite/carbon（PG/C） nanocomposite using ZnC l2 as activating agent was investigated. The obtained activated PG/C was characterized by X-...An activation process for developing the surface and porous structure of palygorskite/carbon（PG/C） nanocomposite using ZnC l2 as activating agent was investigated. The obtained activated PG/C was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, field-emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis（BET） techniques. The effects of activation conditions were examined,including activation temperature and impregnation ratio. With increased temperature and impregnation ratio, the collapse of the palygorskite crystal structure was found to accelerate and the carbon coated on the surface underwent further carbonization. XRD and SEM data confirmed that the palygorskite structure was destroyed and the carbon structure was developed during activation. The presence of the characteristic absorption peaks of C_C and C-H vibrations in the FTIR spectra suggested the occurrence of aromatization. The BET surface area improved by more than 11-fold（1201 m2/g for activated PG/C vs. 106 m2/g for PG/C） after activation, and the material appeared to be mainly microporous. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue onto the activated PG/C reached 351 mg/g. The activated PG/C demonstrated better compressive strength than activated carbon without palygorskite clay.展开更多
The kinetics of adsorption and parameters of equilibrium adsorption of Methylene Blue（MB）on hybrid laponite-multi-walled carbon nanotube（NT）particles in aqueous suspensions were determined.The laponite platelets w...The kinetics of adsorption and parameters of equilibrium adsorption of Methylene Blue（MB）on hybrid laponite-multi-walled carbon nanotube（NT）particles in aqueous suspensions were determined.The laponite platelets were used in order to facilitate disaggregation of NTs in aqueous suspensions and enhance the adsorption capacity of hybrid particles for MB.Experiments were performed at room temperature（298 K）,and the laponite/NT ratio（Xl）was varied in the range of 0–0.5.For elucidation of the mechanism of MB adsorption on hybrid particles,the electrical conductivity of the system as well as the electrokinetic potential of laponite-NT hybrid particles were measured.Three different stages in the kinetics of adsorption of MB on the surface of NTs or hybrid laponite-NT particles were discovered to be a fast initial stage Ⅰ（adsorption time t=0–10 min）,a slower intermediate stage Ⅱ（up to t=120 min）and a long-lasting final stage Ⅲ（up to t=24 hr）.The presence of these stages was explained accounting for different types of interactions between MB and adsorbent particles,as well as for the changes in the structure of aggregates of NT particles and the long-range processes of restructuring of laponite platelets on the surface of NTs.The analysis of experimental data on specific surface area versus the value of Xl evidenced in favor of the model with linear contacts between rigid laponite platelets and NTs.It was also concluded that electrostatic interactions control the first stage of adsorption at low MB concentrations.展开更多
Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierar...Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierarchically interconnected porous banana peel activated carbons(BPACs) via a green method involving hydrothermal pretreatment and KOH activation, and systematically tested its methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacity. SEM showed that the BPACs had an interconnected porous structure and high-porosity surface. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was 601.21 m^2/g, the adsorption average pore diameter was 2.11 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.32 cm^3/g. The MB adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, initial MB concentration, and pH value; it decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results for MB adsorption on BPACs were best described by the Langmuir adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. BPACs have a well-developed hierarchically interconnected porous structure, which increase the MB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Systematic MB adsorption tests show that BPAC is a highly efficient and easily available adsorbent.展开更多
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TA...Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TAC was obtained from tea seed shells via a one-step chemical method using ZnCl2 as an agent. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the total pore volumes of the obtained TAC were found to be 1 530.67 mg2/g and 0.7826 cm3/g, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption results were complied with Langmuir isotherm model and its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 324.7 mg/g for methylene blue. Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the pseudosecond-order model yielded the best fit for the kinetic data. An intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamics studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process. These results indicate that tea seed shells could be utilized as a renewable resource to develop activated carbon which is a potential adsorbent for methylene blue.展开更多
A batch fixed bed photoreactor,using felt-form activated carbon fibers(ACF)supported TiO2 photocatalyst(TiO2/ACF),was developed to carry out photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB)solution.The effects of TiO2...A batch fixed bed photoreactor,using felt-form activated carbon fibers(ACF)supported TiO2 photocatalyst(TiO2/ACF),was developed to carry out photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB)solution.The effects of TiO2 particle size,loaded TiO2 amount,initial MB concentration,airflow rate and successive run on the decomposition rate were investigated.The results showed that photodegradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic law.The apparent first-order reaction constant kapp was larger than 0.047 min- 1 with half reaction time t1/2 shorter than 15 min,which was comparable to reported data using suspended Degussa P-25 TiO2 particles.The high degradation rate was mainly attributed to adsorption of MB molecules onto the surface of TiO2/ACF.The photocatalytic efficiency still remained nearly 90%after 12 successive runs,showing that successive usage of the designed photoreactor was possible.The synergic enhancement effect in combination of adsorption with ACF and photodegradation with TiO2 was proved by comparing MB removal rates in the successive degradation and adsorption runs,respectively.展开更多
An attempt was made to prepare carbon coated tourmaline by mixing tourmaline powders and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), followed by heat treatment in argon atmosphere. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffract...An attempt was made to prepare carbon coated tourmaline by mixing tourmaline powders and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), followed by heat treatment in argon atmosphere. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Results showed that the residual carbon content was influenced by heat treatment temperature and the amount of PVA. The degradation of methylene blue by Carbon-coated tourmaline was also studied. The experiments pointed out that the carbon coated effects are best when the heating temperature was 900℃ and the weight content of PVA was 70%. And the tourmaline prepared under 900℃ in the oxidation atmosphere has the best degrade efficiency. The results also proved that the infrared radiation of tourmaline is not effect in the degrade progress.展开更多
The effects of O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon (AC) were investigated by varying the plasma treatment times. The surface properties of the AC were characterize...The effects of O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon (AC) were investigated by varying the plasma treatment times. The surface properties of the AC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta potential. The carbon was then applied to remove methylene blue (MB). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were also studied. Results showed that pseudo-second-order kinetics was the most suitable model for describing the adsorption of MB onto AC. Equilibrium data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The highest adsorption capacity resulted from 4 minutes of O2 plasma treatment. The 4-minute plasma treated AC had the best adsorption capacity for MB at 0.467 mg/mg. This work shows that activation of AC by plasma can open the micropore and increase the effectiveness of chemical removal.展开更多
A novel electrochemical method for the determination of sulphide at a multi-walled carbon nanotube-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film coated glassy carbon electrode （MWNTs-DHP/GCE） based on in situ synthe...A novel electrochemical method for the determination of sulphide at a multi-walled carbon nanotube-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film coated glassy carbon electrode （MWNTs-DHP/GCE） based on in situ synthesis of methylene blue （MB） was established. 2007 Sheng Shui Hu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
基金Fund of Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Grant/Award Number:EPR2023010Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Grant/Award Number:MESTA-2022-D003。
文摘This study aims to develop and expand a new perspective on ecological value realization(EVR)and provide policy recommendations for marine ecological value realization(MEVR)based on Carbon Trading.Currently,the immaturity of EVR calculation methods and difficulties in determining the price of ecological products pose significant challenges to ecological value trading.By employing mathematical models and logical reasoning,this study proposes a novel frame-work for EVR,illustrated through several diagrams.According to this frame-work,ecological value is not static but fluctuates with factors such as human well-being(HV)or gross domestic product(GDP).Therefore,ecological value should be determined by an exchange market rather than solely relying on hypothetical calculation methods.Consequently,carbon trading cases are crucial in under-standing ecological value.Based on the analysis of blue carbon(BC)trading cases,including the lack of international BC exchanges,challenges in carbon sink projects,and the Free Rider Effect,this paper identifies current issues in MEVR and BC trading in China.To address these challenges,we propose integrating carbon trading databases with evaluations of ecological protection and restora-tion projects,along with BC trading data,to calculate ecological value.Addi-tionally,we recommend increasing the supply of BC products in both national carbon trading markets and voluntary markets,promoting the internationaliza-tion of BC accounting,addressing the Free Rider Effect through government actions and market mechanisms,attracting more foreign investment in BC en-hancement projects,and formulating a BC enhancement plan during marine resource development.
文摘The political environment of the South China Sea Region(SCSR)has gradually stabilized,such that regional cooperation in the preservation of marine resources seems realistic.Blue carbon international cooperation is an important solution to the problem of global warming,which has a large number of economic and political attributes.As a region that has incredibly abundant blue carbon resources,further cooperation among SCSR governments would present the opportunity to establish meaningful economic and environmental protections that would promote peaceful blue carbon development of this region.To examine the feasibility of such an undertaking,we leverage the imitator's dynamic game as a research method and introduce Weber's law to examine the subjective psychological factors(i.e.,biases)of participants in qualifying the economic stability of blue carbon cooperation in the SCSR.The results suggest that the economic stability of blue carbon cooperation correlates to Weber's coefficient and the income produced by the different strategies.Based on these findings,we discussed policy recommendations to promote the sustainable economic development of SCSR.
基金supported by the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions(ONCE)Program and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42188102,42376148).
文摘Global ocean acidification driven by atmospheric CO 2 uptake is well recognized;however,coastal zones are subject to additional,localized acidification pressures.Among these,the chronic discharge of low-pH-treated wastewater(often pH 6.0),permitted under many current regulations,represents a significant but often overlooked stressor.This practice introduces highly acidic loads into sensitive nearshore ecosystems that are chemically incompatible with ambient seawater(pH~8.1).This perspective argues for reframing effluent pH not only as a pollutant parameter to be bounded but also as a modifiable policy lever.Revising discharge standards to require a minimum effluent pH>8.0 for marine outfalls offers a novel pathway to mitigate localized coastal acidification.Furthermore,this approach aligns with emerging ocean alkalinity enhancement strategies,potentially enhancing coastal carbon sequestration and offering cobenefits such as reduced metal toxicity.Such a policy shift necessitates technological adaptation but promises significant benefits for coastal resilience and broader ocean sustainability goals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177046 and 12372383)Taishan Scholars Program(tsqn202408287)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010572)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20210802153535002,20200925174525002)Ministry of Education of China(D20020).
文摘Coastal ecosystems are known for their ability to sequester organic carbon(OC),termed“blue carbon”.The molecular composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)can affect sediment OC content;however,the impact of benthic bioturbation on DOM properties and OC storage stability is not well understood.This study examined the effects of bio-turbation by fiddler crabs on DOM molecular properties and OC storage stability along the Chinese coastline.These findings indicate that crab bioturbation enhanced the release of labile molecules by 59%on average.This increase is controlled by the coupling reactions of iron and manganese minerals,and is influenced by climatic gradients.Moreover,fiddler crab bioturbation diminishes the durability of blue carbon storage,with the most significant effects observed in mangrove forests,followed by bare mudflats,tidal creek banks,and saltmarshes.These results underscore the critical role of benthic bioturbation in global blue carbon budgets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31988102)the Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42293262)。
文摘Coastal wetlands possess significant carbon sequestration rates and storage capabilities.Clarifying the methods for evaluating coastal wetland carbon sinks and identifying existing issues are essential for accurately assessing coastal blue carbon,understanding the carbon balance between terrestrial-coastal-marine ecosystems,and advancing the“dual carbon”goal.This paper reviews the detailed processes of coastal wetland carbon cycling and summarizes the challenges and difficulties in defining,delineating,and identifying the boundaries of coastal wetlands.We generalize current carbon sink evaluation methods across different dimensions by constructing a“black box theory”.In addition,based on the“white box theory”,we propose a net ecosystem carbon balance model for carbon sink assessment,providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the understanding of coastal wetland carbon sinks and optimizing the evaluation system for coastal blue carbon functionality.We also systematically summarize the current status of carbon sources and sinks in China's coastal wetlands and propose a technical framework for emission reduction and carbon sequestration enhancement through integrated management of coastal zones and wetlands and regulation of key wetland ecological processes,with the aim of increasing the potential of blue carbon in mitigating climate change.Finally,based on the current research gaps,we outline future research priorities for coastal wetland blue carbon.
基金The study was supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources(Chinese Academy of Natural Resource Economics,China University of Geosciences Beijing,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research,the Chinese Academy of Sciences)[CCA2019.08]Topics of Excellent Engineering in the Application of Social Sciences in Jiangsu Province,China[19SYC-105].
文摘Introduction:Large stocks of“blue carbon”exist in the ecosystems of coastal wetlands.This paper presents a case study of the Chinese city of Yancheng.First,through field surveys and laboratory analysis,changes in the organic carbon(OC)content in typical plant communities throughout the study area are described in detail.Second,an OC burial rate and economic value model is constructed to analyze the composition of the carbon sink values.Outcomes/other:The results are as follows:Of the typical plant communities,Spartina alterniflora has the highest OC content(5.80 g·kg-1),followed by Suaeda glauca(4.78 g·kg-1)and Phragmites australis(3.76 g·kg-1);the contemporary OC sedimentation rates are 2.01,1.48,and 1.22 cm·yr-1,respectively.Spartina alterniflora communities have the highest annual average carbon sink value($418.74/ha)in the study area,followed by Phragmites australis($176.29/ha)and Suaeda glauca($101.54/ha).Discussion:As a result of both the expansion of the Spartina alterniflora area and coastal erosion,the total OC value since 1987 has displayed two-stage characteristics:it first increased and then decreased.Conclusion:In recent years,the annual average decline in OC value has ranged from approximately$82,100 to$123,100(reference:the Sweden carbon tax provided by the World Bank,130$/ton)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Overseas and Hong Kong-Macao Scholars Collaborative Research Fund(Grant No.31728003)the Shanghai University Distinguished Professor(Oriental Scholars)Program(Grant No.JZ2016006)
文摘Coastal blue carbon refers to the carbon taken from atmospheric CO2; fixed by advanced plants(including salt marsh,mangrove, and seagrass), phytoplankton, macroalgae, and marine calcifiers via the interaction of plants and microbes; and stored in nearshore sediments and soils; as well as the carbon transported from the coast to the ocean and ocean floor. The carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of coastal blue carbon is far greater than that of the terrestrial carbon pool. The mechanisms and controls of the carbon sink from salt marshes, mangroves, seagrasses, the aquaculture of shellfish and macroalgae, and the microbial carbon pump need to be further studied. The methods to quantify coastal blue carbon include carbon flux measurements, carbon pool measurements, manipulative experiments, and modeling. Restoring, conserving, and enhancing blue carbon will increase carbon sinks and produce carbon credits, which could be traded on the carbon market. The need to tackle climate change and implement China's commitment to cut carbon emissions requires us to improve studies on coastal blue carbon science and policy. The knowledge learned from coastal blue carbon improves the conservation and restoration of salt marshes,mangroves, and seagrasses; enhances the function of the microbial carbon pump; and promotes sustainable aquaculture, such as ocean ranching.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[42076176]Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China[2020J01048]+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China[20720210075]the Scientific and Technological Research Project for Social Welfare of Zhongshan City of China[2019B2005].
文摘Sequestration of blue carbon(C)in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management.This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiamen,China.A field study was conducted on 10-year-old Sonneratia apetala and Kandelia obovata plantations(mono-Sa,mono-Ko)and a 15-year-old mixed plantation-.We found that mono-Ko had a significantly higher ecosystem C sequestration rate(3.32±0.62 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))than others when planted in the indirect shade of pioneer species.As a non-native species,Sonneratia performed better(0.57±0.01 kg C m^(-2)yr^(-1))when planted with Kandelia than in monotypic plantations.The temporary and long-term certified emission reduction(tCER and lCER)of the 12.98 ha mono-Ko was 4103.89 and 3693.50 net CO_(2)-e within 10 years,respectively.A literature review was conducted to show the compatibility of this study with other natural and plantation sites of China and Bangladesh(the native habitat for Sonneratia).The C sequestration of Sonneratia plantation sites in China is comparable with those in Bangladesh.However,the soil C accumulation rate for a Sonneratia monotypic plantation in Bangladesh decreased with age,yet the same did not occur in the plantations of China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22106039,21976211,and 42007204)the Science Foundation of Henan Normal University (No.2021PL23)+1 种基金the Excellent Science and Technology Innovation Team of Henan Normal University (No.2021TD06)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province (No.20IRTSTHN011).
文摘In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.
文摘Blue carbon ecosystems,including mangroves,seagrasses,and salt marshes,play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing atmospheric CO_(2)at rates exceeding those of terrestrial forests.This study explores the potential of HCWs(Human-Controlled Wetlands)in the Italian Venice Lagoon as an underappreciated component of the global blue carbon pool.Using GEE(Google Earth Engine),we conducted a large-scale assessment of carbon sequestration in these wetlands,demonstrating its advantages over traditional in situ methods in addressing spatial variability.Our findings highlight the significance of below-water mud sediments as primary carbon reservoirs,with a TC(Total Carbon)content of 3.81%±0.94%and a stable storage function akin to peat,reinforced by high CEC(Cation Exchange Capacity).GEE analysis identified a redoximorphic zone at a depth of 20-30 cm,where microbial respiration shifts to anaerobic pathways,preventing carbon release and maintaining long-term sequestration.The study also evaluates key factors affecting remote sensing accuracy,including tidal variations,water depth,and sky cover.The strong correlation between field-measured and satellite-derived carbon parameters(R^(2)>0.85)confirms the reliability of our approach.Furthermore,we developed a GEE-based script for monitoring sediment bioturbation,leveraging Sentinel-1 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)and Sentinel-2 optical data to quantify biological disturbances affecting carbon fluxes.Our results underscore the value of HCWs for carbon sequestration,reinforcing the need for targeted conservation strategies.The scalability and efficiency of remote sensing methodologies,particularly GEE,make them essential for the long-term monitoring of blue carbon ecosystems and the development of effective climate mitigation policies.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0209300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42106043,42141016)。
文摘Saltmarsh is one of the blue carbon ecosystems for the highest carbon burial efficiency.However,the buried carbon in saltmarsh may still be exported to coastal water through porewater exchange,a process that has often been overlooked in previous studies.A typical tidal creek of the Dongtan saltmarsh wetland in Chongming Island,Shanghai,China,was studied.The224Ra and223Ra activities were measured and the hydrological parameters such as water flow were determined,from which the porewater exchange rate in the tidal creek was estimated to be 1.78±1.73 cm/d.Meanwhile,the carbon concentrations in porewater were determined,based on which the fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported from porewater exchange were derived to be 60±17,6.6±4.0,0.082±0.079,and 16±11 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively.In addition,analysis on different species of carbon in the creek water showed that,the fluxes of DIC,DOC,CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported laterally from tidal creek to coastal sea were 58±14,7.6±2.3,0.0011±0.00063,and 1.5±0.68 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively,indicating that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes accounted for a large portion of the lateral carbon outwelling,and even much higher than those in CH_(4)and CO_(2)fluxes.Furthermore,the carbon exported from porewater exchange accounted for 50%of the carbon burial in the tidal creek system,of which DIC accounted for 73%of the total carbon flux transported by porewater exchange.Therefore,this study indicated that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes to the tidal creek water may cause an overestimation in the carbon sequestration capacity of saltmarsh wetlands,and revealed the importance of porewater exchange for the carbon cycle of tidal creek system of saltmarsh wetlands.
基金financially supported in part by the Open Research Center Project of the Ministry of Education,Science and Culture of Japan
文摘Poly（pheniothiazine） films were prepared on a porous carbon felt（CF） electrode surface by an electrooxidative polymerization of three phenothiazine derivatives（i.e.,Tthionine（TN）,Toluidine Blue（TB） and Methylene Blue（MB）） from 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution（pH 7.0）.Among the three phenothiazies,the poly（TB） film-modified CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form（NADH） at ＋0.2 V vs.Ag/AgCl.The poly（TB） film-modified CF was successfully used as working electrode unit of highly sensitive amperometric flow-through detector for NADH.The peak currents（peak heights） were almost unchanged,irrespective of a carrier flow rate ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 mL/min,resulting in the measurement of NADH（ca.30 samples/hr） at 4.1 mL/min.The peak current responses of NADH showed linear relationship over the concentration range from 1 to 30 μmol/L（sensitivity：0.318 μA/（μmol/L）;correlation coefficient：0.997）.The lower detection limit was found to be 0.3 μmol/L（S/N = 3）.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51002042, No. 40902020 and No. 51072044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2013HGQC0015)+1 种基金Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Scholars from Ministry of Education of China (No. 2013JYLH0774)Project from Ministry of Science and Technology of Anhui Province (No. J2014AKKJ0002)
文摘An activation process for developing the surface and porous structure of palygorskite/carbon（PG/C） nanocomposite using ZnC l2 as activating agent was investigated. The obtained activated PG/C was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, field-emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis（BET） techniques. The effects of activation conditions were examined,including activation temperature and impregnation ratio. With increased temperature and impregnation ratio, the collapse of the palygorskite crystal structure was found to accelerate and the carbon coated on the surface underwent further carbonization. XRD and SEM data confirmed that the palygorskite structure was destroyed and the carbon structure was developed during activation. The presence of the characteristic absorption peaks of C_C and C-H vibrations in the FTIR spectra suggested the occurrence of aromatization. The BET surface area improved by more than 11-fold（1201 m2/g for activated PG/C vs. 106 m2/g for PG/C） after activation, and the material appeared to be mainly microporous. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue onto the activated PG/C reached 351 mg/g. The activated PG/C demonstrated better compressive strength than activated carbon without palygorskite clay.
基金supported by National Academy Science of Ukraine(No.43/15H)
文摘The kinetics of adsorption and parameters of equilibrium adsorption of Methylene Blue（MB）on hybrid laponite-multi-walled carbon nanotube（NT）particles in aqueous suspensions were determined.The laponite platelets were used in order to facilitate disaggregation of NTs in aqueous suspensions and enhance the adsorption capacity of hybrid particles for MB.Experiments were performed at room temperature（298 K）,and the laponite/NT ratio（Xl）was varied in the range of 0–0.5.For elucidation of the mechanism of MB adsorption on hybrid particles,the electrical conductivity of the system as well as the electrokinetic potential of laponite-NT hybrid particles were measured.Three different stages in the kinetics of adsorption of MB on the surface of NTs or hybrid laponite-NT particles were discovered to be a fast initial stage Ⅰ（adsorption time t=0–10 min）,a slower intermediate stage Ⅱ（up to t=120 min）and a long-lasting final stage Ⅲ（up to t=24 hr）.The presence of these stages was explained accounting for different types of interactions between MB and adsorbent particles,as well as for the changes in the structure of aggregates of NT particles and the long-range processes of restructuring of laponite platelets on the surface of NTs.The analysis of experimental data on specific surface area versus the value of Xl evidenced in favor of the model with linear contacts between rigid laponite platelets and NTs.It was also concluded that electrostatic interactions control the first stage of adsorption at low MB concentrations.
基金Funded by the Project of Scientific Research Staring Foundation of Huaqiao University(11BS214)the Cultivate Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Huaqiao University(JBZR1214)the Educational research project for Young and middle-aged Teachers of Fujian Province(JAT160031)
文摘Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierarchically interconnected porous banana peel activated carbons(BPACs) via a green method involving hydrothermal pretreatment and KOH activation, and systematically tested its methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacity. SEM showed that the BPACs had an interconnected porous structure and high-porosity surface. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was 601.21 m^2/g, the adsorption average pore diameter was 2.11 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.32 cm^3/g. The MB adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, initial MB concentration, and pH value; it decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results for MB adsorption on BPACs were best described by the Langmuir adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. BPACs have a well-developed hierarchically interconnected porous structure, which increase the MB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Systematic MB adsorption tests show that BPAC is a highly efficient and easily available adsorbent.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (No. 2010C32051)the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2011BAD01B03-5-1), China
文摘Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TAC was obtained from tea seed shells via a one-step chemical method using ZnCl2 as an agent. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the total pore volumes of the obtained TAC were found to be 1 530.67 mg2/g and 0.7826 cm3/g, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption results were complied with Langmuir isotherm model and its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 324.7 mg/g for methylene blue. Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the pseudosecond-order model yielded the best fit for the kinetic data. An intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamics studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process. These results indicate that tea seed shells could be utilized as a renewable resource to develop activated carbon which is a potential adsorbent for methylene blue.
基金Beijing Excellent Talents Training Fund(No.20061D0502200299)
文摘A batch fixed bed photoreactor,using felt-form activated carbon fibers(ACF)supported TiO2 photocatalyst(TiO2/ACF),was developed to carry out photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB)solution.The effects of TiO2 particle size,loaded TiO2 amount,initial MB concentration,airflow rate and successive run on the decomposition rate were investigated.The results showed that photodegradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic law.The apparent first-order reaction constant kapp was larger than 0.047 min- 1 with half reaction time t1/2 shorter than 15 min,which was comparable to reported data using suspended Degussa P-25 TiO2 particles.The high degradation rate was mainly attributed to adsorption of MB molecules onto the surface of TiO2/ACF.The photocatalytic efficiency still remained nearly 90%after 12 successive runs,showing that successive usage of the designed photoreactor was possible.The synergic enhancement effect in combination of adsorption with ACF and photodegradation with TiO2 was proved by comparing MB removal rates in the successive degradation and adsorption runs,respectively.
文摘An attempt was made to prepare carbon coated tourmaline by mixing tourmaline powders and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), followed by heat treatment in argon atmosphere. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Results showed that the residual carbon content was influenced by heat treatment temperature and the amount of PVA. The degradation of methylene blue by Carbon-coated tourmaline was also studied. The experiments pointed out that the carbon coated effects are best when the heating temperature was 900℃ and the weight content of PVA was 70%. And the tourmaline prepared under 900℃ in the oxidation atmosphere has the best degrade efficiency. The results also proved that the infrared radiation of tourmaline is not effect in the degrade progress.
文摘The effects of O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon (AC) were investigated by varying the plasma treatment times. The surface properties of the AC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta potential. The carbon was then applied to remove methylene blue (MB). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were also studied. Results showed that pseudo-second-order kinetics was the most suitable model for describing the adsorption of MB onto AC. Equilibrium data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The highest adsorption capacity resulted from 4 minutes of O2 plasma treatment. The 4-minute plasma treated AC had the best adsorption capacity for MB at 0.467 mg/mg. This work shows that activation of AC by plasma can open the micropore and increase the effectiveness of chemical removal.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 30770549 and 60571042）；Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Wuhan University （No. 502-265145）.
文摘A novel electrochemical method for the determination of sulphide at a multi-walled carbon nanotube-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film coated glassy carbon electrode （MWNTs-DHP/GCE） based on in situ synthesis of methylene blue （MB） was established. 2007 Sheng Shui Hu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
