Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide,especially in China.Due to the lack of effective early detection methods,ESCC patients often present at an advanced...Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide,especially in China.Due to the lack of effective early detection methods,ESCC patients often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis,which seriously affects the prognosis of patients.At present,early detection of ESCC mainly depends on invasive and expensive endoscopy and histopathological biopsy.Therefore,there is an unmet need for a noninvasive method to detect ESCC in the early stages.With the emergence of a large class of non-invasive diagnostic tools,serum tumor markers have attracted much attention because of their potential for detection of early tumors.Therefore,the identification of serum tumor markers for early detection of ESCC is undoubtedly one of the most effective ways to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.This article reviews the recent advances in the discovery of blood-based ESCC biomarkers,and discusses the origins,clinical applications,and technical challenges of clinical validation of various types of biomarkers.展开更多
There is a critical need to diagnose and monitor the progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using bloodbased biomarkers. At present, it is believed that tau biomarkers can be utilized to reliably detect AD.Multimodal...There is a critical need to diagnose and monitor the progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using bloodbased biomarkers. At present, it is believed that tau biomarkers can be utilized to reliably detect AD.Multimodal techniques are highly sought after for AD diagnosis and progression monitoring. For this purpose, we developed a fluorescent peptide nanoparticles(f-PNPs) arrays that is capable of detecting multiple signals simultaneously. The concentration, aggregation stages, and Young’s modulus of tau biomarkers could be analyzed by monitoring the changes of multimodal fluorescence intensity, nano-morphological,and nano-mechanical properties of the f-PNPs arrays. Experimental results indicated that, compared to healthy human, the concentration, Young’s modulus, and aggregation levels of tau proteins in blood samples of clinically diagnosed AD patients increased continuously with the increase of disease severity. The minimally invasive and multimodal characterization techniques showed high signal-to-noise ratio for AD diagnosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The evidence on preferences for oral-vs blood-based human immunodeficiency virus self-testing(HIVST)has been heterogenous and inconclusive.In addition,most evaluations have relied on hypothetical or stated ...BACKGROUND The evidence on preferences for oral-vs blood-based human immunodeficiency virus self-testing(HIVST)has been heterogenous and inconclusive.In addition,most evaluations have relied on hypothetical or stated use cases using discreet choice experiments rather than actual preferences among experienced users,which are more objective and critical for the understanding of product uptake.Direct head-to-head comparison of consumer preferences for oral-versus bloodbased HIVST is lacking.AIM To examine the existing literature on preferences for oral-vs blood-based HIVST,determine the factors that impact these preferences,and assess the potential implications for HIVST programs.METHODS Databases such as PubMed,Medline,Google Scholar,and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2011 to October 2022.Articles must address preferences for oral-vs blood-based HIVST.The study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist to ensure the quality of the study.RESULTS The initial search revealed 2424 records,of which 8 studies were finally included in the scoping review.Pooled preference for blood-based HIVST was 48.8%(9%-78.6%),whereas pooled preference for oral HIVST was 59.8%(34.2%-91%)across all studies.However,for male-specific studies,the preference for blood-based HIVST(58%-65.6%)was higher than that for oral(34.2%-41%).The four studies that reported a higher preference for blood-based HIVST were in men.Participants considered blood-based HIVST to be more accurate and rapid,while those with a higher preference for oral HIVST did so because these were considered non-invasive and easy to use.CONCLUSION Consistently in the literature,men preferred blood-based HIVST over oral HIVST due to higher risk perception and desire for a test that provides higher accuracy coupled with rapidity,autonomy,privacy,and confidentiality,whereas those with a higher preference for oral HIVST did so because these were considered non-invasive and easy to use.Misinformation and distrust need to be addressed through promotional messaging to maximize the diversity of this new biomedical technology.展开更多
Objectives:This study aims to investigate the survival ability and risk of Salmonella isolated from traditional blood-based food,using both phtnotypic and genotypic analysis.Materials and Methods:We characterized and ...Objectives:This study aims to investigate the survival ability and risk of Salmonella isolated from traditional blood-based food,using both phtnotypic and genotypic analysis.Materials and Methods:We characterized and identifed seventeen Salmonella isolates using 16s rRNA sequencing,real-time PCR and whole-genome sequencing(WGS).Cell counts were recorded to monitor growth ability and temperature tolerance.Virulence genes and whole genome phylogenies were confrmed by WGS.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of corresponding strains to different antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)genes predicted by WGS were evaluated.Results:In this study,we characterized 17 Salmonella isolates obtained from contaminated traditional blood-based food in China.Compared to laboratory strain S.Typhimurium ATCC 14028,these Salmonella isolates generally grew more rapidly and developed less bioflm,but their tolerance to food processing-associated cold and heat stresses was distinct.Whole-genome phylogenies pointed out the potential for cross-contamination during food practices.In addition,21 antibiotic-resistance genes were found among blood-based food isolates,including high-prevalent resistance genes gyrA(including associated mutations D87G and S83F),blaTEM,and aadA1.Antibiotic susceptibility test confrmed the in-silico prediction and revealed a 41.18%(7/17)multidrug resistance(MDR)rate.Resistance to ceftiofur,kanamycin,and nalidixic acid was observed without corresponding resistance genes,suggesting overlooked resistance mechanisms.Conclusions:This study revisited microbial safety concerns associated with traditional blood-based food and underlined the emergence of high-risk MDR Salmonella strains.It also underscores the importance of implementing better hygiene practices in the production and handling of traditional food products.展开更多
As the population ages, cognitive disorder has emerged as a prevalent condition among the elderly, with Alzheimer's disease(AD) being the most common type. This presents a significant social and economic challenge...As the population ages, cognitive disorder has emerged as a prevalent condition among the elderly, with Alzheimer's disease(AD) being the most common type. This presents a significant social and economic challenge to the global public health system. While specific diagnostic methods for AD, such as cerebrospinal fluid testing or positron emission tomography, are available, their limited use in clinical practice is often attributed to their invasiveness or high cost. Recently, there has been growing interest in the potential of blood-based biomarkers for early screening, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment for AD. These biomarkers offer simplicity, low cost, and high patient compliance, and have shown promise in reflecting pathological changes in the brain. To standardize and guide the clinical application of blood-based biomarkers for AD, we have compiled a summary of recent advancements in clinical research and developed ten recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) methodology.These recommendations focus on the use of blood-based biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, early screening for AD, and predicting disease progression, thereby promoting their application in clinical settings.展开更多
Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor in the biliary system,characterized by high malignancy,aggressiveness,and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis holds paramount importance in ameliorating therapeutic...Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor in the biliary system,characterized by high malignancy,aggressiveness,and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis holds paramount importance in ameliorating therapeutic outcomes.Presently,the clinical diagnosis of GBC primarily relies on clinicalradiological-pathological approach.However,there remains a potential for missed diagnosis and misdiagnose in the realm of clinical practice.We firstly analyzed the blood-based biomarkers,such as carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19–9.Subsequently,we evaluated the diagnostic performance of various imaging modalities,including ultrasound(US),endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)and pathological examination,emphasizing their strengths and limitations in detecting early-stage GBC.Furthermore,we explored the potential of emerging technologies,particularly artificial intelligence(AI)and liquid biopsy,to revolutionize GBC diagnosis.AI algorithms have demonstrated improved image analysis capabilities,while liquid biopsy offers the promise of non-invasive and real-time monitoring.However,the translation of these advancements into clinical practice necessitates further validation and standardization.The review highlighted the advantages and limitations of current diagnostic approaches and underscored the need for innovative strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy of GBC.In addition,we emphasized the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to improve early diagnosis of GBC and ultimately patient outcomes.This review endeavoured to impart fresh perspectives and insights into the early diagnosis of GBC.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)has high incidence and mortality rates,and the em-ergence and application of CRC screening have helped us effectively control the occurrence and development of CRC.Currently,common international ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)has high incidence and mortality rates,and the em-ergence and application of CRC screening have helped us effectively control the occurrence and development of CRC.Currently,common international screening methods include tests based on feces and blood,and examination methods that allow for visualization,such as sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy.Some methods have been widely used,whereas others such as multi-target stool RNA test are still being explored and developed,and are expected to become front-line screening methods for CRC in the future.The choice of screening method is affected by external conditions and the patients'situation,and the clinician must choose an appropriate strategy according to the actual situation and the patient's wishes.This article introduces various CRC screening methods and analyzes the factors relevant to the screening strategy.展开更多
Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and o...Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. CRC-associated morbidity and mortality is continuously increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. The existing screening tools ...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. CRC-associated morbidity and mortality is continuously increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. The existing screening tools such as colonoscopy, are invasive and yet high cost, affecting the willingness of patients to participate in screening programs. In recent years, evidence is accumulating that the interaction of aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications is the cornerstone for the CRC development and progression by alternating the function of tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and oncogenes of colonic cells. Apart from the understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, the aforementioned interaction has also allowed identification of clinical biomarkers, especially epigenetic, for the early detection and prognosis of cancer patients. One of the ways to detect these epigenetic biomarkers is the cell-free circulating DNA(circ DNA), a blood-based cancer diagnostic test, mainly focusing in the molecular alterations found in tumor cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation.In this brief review, we epitomize the current knowledge on the research in circ DNA biomarkers-mainly focusing on DNA methylation-as potential blood-based tests for early detection of colorectal cancer and the challenges for validation and globally implementation of this emergent technology.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31600632 and No.81972801Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2018A030307079 and No.2019A1515011873+1 种基金Innovative and Strong School Project of Guangdong,No.2018KTSCX068Key Disciplinary Project of Clinical Medicine under the Guangdong High-level University Development Program.
文摘Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide,especially in China.Due to the lack of effective early detection methods,ESCC patients often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis,which seriously affects the prognosis of patients.At present,early detection of ESCC mainly depends on invasive and expensive endoscopy and histopathological biopsy.Therefore,there is an unmet need for a noninvasive method to detect ESCC in the early stages.With the emergence of a large class of non-invasive diagnostic tools,serum tumor markers have attracted much attention because of their potential for detection of early tumors.Therefore,the identification of serum tumor markers for early detection of ESCC is undoubtedly one of the most effective ways to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.This article reviews the recent advances in the discovery of blood-based ESCC biomarkers,and discusses the origins,clinical applications,and technical challenges of clinical validation of various types of biomarkers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31900984)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2019JQ-231)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M631197)the Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018BSHQYXMZZ42)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.31020180QD063)。
文摘There is a critical need to diagnose and monitor the progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using bloodbased biomarkers. At present, it is believed that tau biomarkers can be utilized to reliably detect AD.Multimodal techniques are highly sought after for AD diagnosis and progression monitoring. For this purpose, we developed a fluorescent peptide nanoparticles(f-PNPs) arrays that is capable of detecting multiple signals simultaneously. The concentration, aggregation stages, and Young’s modulus of tau biomarkers could be analyzed by monitoring the changes of multimodal fluorescence intensity, nano-morphological,and nano-mechanical properties of the f-PNPs arrays. Experimental results indicated that, compared to healthy human, the concentration, Young’s modulus, and aggregation levels of tau proteins in blood samples of clinically diagnosed AD patients increased continuously with the increase of disease severity. The minimally invasive and multimodal characterization techniques showed high signal-to-noise ratio for AD diagnosis.
文摘BACKGROUND The evidence on preferences for oral-vs blood-based human immunodeficiency virus self-testing(HIVST)has been heterogenous and inconclusive.In addition,most evaluations have relied on hypothetical or stated use cases using discreet choice experiments rather than actual preferences among experienced users,which are more objective and critical for the understanding of product uptake.Direct head-to-head comparison of consumer preferences for oral-versus bloodbased HIVST is lacking.AIM To examine the existing literature on preferences for oral-vs blood-based HIVST,determine the factors that impact these preferences,and assess the potential implications for HIVST programs.METHODS Databases such as PubMed,Medline,Google Scholar,and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2011 to October 2022.Articles must address preferences for oral-vs blood-based HIVST.The study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist to ensure the quality of the study.RESULTS The initial search revealed 2424 records,of which 8 studies were finally included in the scoping review.Pooled preference for blood-based HIVST was 48.8%(9%-78.6%),whereas pooled preference for oral HIVST was 59.8%(34.2%-91%)across all studies.However,for male-specific studies,the preference for blood-based HIVST(58%-65.6%)was higher than that for oral(34.2%-41%).The four studies that reported a higher preference for blood-based HIVST were in men.Participants considered blood-based HIVST to be more accurate and rapid,while those with a higher preference for oral HIVST did so because these were considered non-invasive and easy to use.CONCLUSION Consistently in the literature,men preferred blood-based HIVST over oral HIVST due to higher risk perception and desire for a test that provides higher accuracy coupled with rapidity,autonomy,privacy,and confidentiality,whereas those with a higher preference for oral HIVST did so because these were considered non-invasive and easy to use.Misinformation and distrust need to be addressed through promotional messaging to maximize the diversity of this new biomedical technology.
基金supported by the International Talent Program(No.G2022147013L)the National Natural Science Foundation(No.31972166).
文摘Objectives:This study aims to investigate the survival ability and risk of Salmonella isolated from traditional blood-based food,using both phtnotypic and genotypic analysis.Materials and Methods:We characterized and identifed seventeen Salmonella isolates using 16s rRNA sequencing,real-time PCR and whole-genome sequencing(WGS).Cell counts were recorded to monitor growth ability and temperature tolerance.Virulence genes and whole genome phylogenies were confrmed by WGS.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of corresponding strains to different antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)genes predicted by WGS were evaluated.Results:In this study,we characterized 17 Salmonella isolates obtained from contaminated traditional blood-based food in China.Compared to laboratory strain S.Typhimurium ATCC 14028,these Salmonella isolates generally grew more rapidly and developed less bioflm,but their tolerance to food processing-associated cold and heat stresses was distinct.Whole-genome phylogenies pointed out the potential for cross-contamination during food practices.In addition,21 antibiotic-resistance genes were found among blood-based food isolates,including high-prevalent resistance genes gyrA(including associated mutations D87G and S83F),blaTEM,and aadA1.Antibiotic susceptibility test confrmed the in-silico prediction and revealed a 41.18%(7/17)multidrug resistance(MDR)rate.Resistance to ceftiofur,kanamycin,and nalidixic acid was observed without corresponding resistance genes,suggesting overlooked resistance mechanisms.Conclusions:This study revisited microbial safety concerns associated with traditional blood-based food and underlined the emergence of high-risk MDR Salmonella strains.It also underscores the importance of implementing better hygiene practices in the production and handling of traditional food products.
基金supported by the Progress of Strategy Priority Research Program (Category B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB39000000)the Anhui Provincial Key R&D Program (202304295107020056)
文摘As the population ages, cognitive disorder has emerged as a prevalent condition among the elderly, with Alzheimer's disease(AD) being the most common type. This presents a significant social and economic challenge to the global public health system. While specific diagnostic methods for AD, such as cerebrospinal fluid testing or positron emission tomography, are available, their limited use in clinical practice is often attributed to their invasiveness or high cost. Recently, there has been growing interest in the potential of blood-based biomarkers for early screening, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment for AD. These biomarkers offer simplicity, low cost, and high patient compliance, and have shown promise in reflecting pathological changes in the brain. To standardize and guide the clinical application of blood-based biomarkers for AD, we have compiled a summary of recent advancements in clinical research and developed ten recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) methodology.These recommendations focus on the use of blood-based biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, early screening for AD, and predicting disease progression, thereby promoting their application in clinical settings.
基金supported by grants from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(82027803,81971623,82202151 and 82171937)National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y24H180007 and 2024C03092)。
文摘Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor in the biliary system,characterized by high malignancy,aggressiveness,and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis holds paramount importance in ameliorating therapeutic outcomes.Presently,the clinical diagnosis of GBC primarily relies on clinicalradiological-pathological approach.However,there remains a potential for missed diagnosis and misdiagnose in the realm of clinical practice.We firstly analyzed the blood-based biomarkers,such as carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19–9.Subsequently,we evaluated the diagnostic performance of various imaging modalities,including ultrasound(US),endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)and pathological examination,emphasizing their strengths and limitations in detecting early-stage GBC.Furthermore,we explored the potential of emerging technologies,particularly artificial intelligence(AI)and liquid biopsy,to revolutionize GBC diagnosis.AI algorithms have demonstrated improved image analysis capabilities,while liquid biopsy offers the promise of non-invasive and real-time monitoring.However,the translation of these advancements into clinical practice necessitates further validation and standardization.The review highlighted the advantages and limitations of current diagnostic approaches and underscored the need for innovative strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy of GBC.In addition,we emphasized the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to improve early diagnosis of GBC and ultimately patient outcomes.This review endeavoured to impart fresh perspectives and insights into the early diagnosis of GBC.
基金Supported by Liaoning Province Applied Basic Research Program Joint Program Project,No.2022JH2/101500076Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program,No.RC200438Tree Planting Program of Shengjing Hospital,No.M1595.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)has high incidence and mortality rates,and the em-ergence and application of CRC screening have helped us effectively control the occurrence and development of CRC.Currently,common international screening methods include tests based on feces and blood,and examination methods that allow for visualization,such as sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy.Some methods have been widely used,whereas others such as multi-target stool RNA test are still being explored and developed,and are expected to become front-line screening methods for CRC in the future.The choice of screening method is affected by external conditions and the patients'situation,and the clinician must choose an appropriate strategy according to the actual situation and the patient's wishes.This article introduces various CRC screening methods and analyzes the factors relevant to the screening strategy.
基金Acknowledgments We thank Drs Fengyong Liu and Sheng Luan at UC Berkeley, USA, for their discussion and help with the writing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （no. 30225037, 30471991, 30570731）, National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （no. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603）, the ＂111＂ Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （no. BK2004082, BK2006714）.
文摘Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. CRC-associated morbidity and mortality is continuously increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. The existing screening tools such as colonoscopy, are invasive and yet high cost, affecting the willingness of patients to participate in screening programs. In recent years, evidence is accumulating that the interaction of aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications is the cornerstone for the CRC development and progression by alternating the function of tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and oncogenes of colonic cells. Apart from the understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, the aforementioned interaction has also allowed identification of clinical biomarkers, especially epigenetic, for the early detection and prognosis of cancer patients. One of the ways to detect these epigenetic biomarkers is the cell-free circulating DNA(circ DNA), a blood-based cancer diagnostic test, mainly focusing in the molecular alterations found in tumor cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation.In this brief review, we epitomize the current knowledge on the research in circ DNA biomarkers-mainly focusing on DNA methylation-as potential blood-based tests for early detection of colorectal cancer and the challenges for validation and globally implementation of this emergent technology.
