In vertebrates, early brain development takes place at the expanded anterior end of the neural tube, which is filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF). We have recently identified a transient blood–CSF barri...In vertebrates, early brain development takes place at the expanded anterior end of the neural tube, which is filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF). We have recently identified a transient blood–CSF barrier that forms between embryonic days E3 and E4 in chick embryos and that is responsible for the transport of proteins and control of E-CSF homeostasis, including osmolarity. Here we examined the presence of glucose transporter GLUT-1 as well the presence of caveolae-structural protein Caveolin1 (CAV-1) in the embryonic blood-CSF barrier which may be involved in the transport of glucose and of proteins, water and ions respectively across the neuroectoderm. In this paper we demonstrate the presence of GLUT-1 and CAV-1 in endothelial cells of blood vessels as well as in adjacent neuroectodermal cells, located in the embryonic blood–CSF barrier. In blood vessels, these proteins were detected as early as E4 in chick embryos and E12.7 in rat embryos, i.e. the point at which the embryonic blood–CSF barrier acquires this function. In the neuroectoderm of the embryonic blood-CSF barrier, GLUT-1 was also detected at E4 and E12.7 respectively, and CAV-1 was detected shortly thereafter in both experimental models. These experiments contribute to delineating the extent to which the blood–CSF embryonic barrier controls E-CSF composition and homeostasis during early stages of brain development in avians and mammals. Our results suggest the regulation of glucose transport to the E-CSF by means of GLUT-1 and also suggest a mechanism by which proteins are transported via transcellular routes across the neuroectoderm, thus reinforcing the crucial role of E-CSF in brain development.展开更多
目的探讨在人重组的粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)动员的外周血单个核细胞中诱导产生CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞可行性及其表型和功能。方法收集本院外周血干细胞移植术供者rhG-CSF动员前外周血(PB组)和动员后的外周血采集物(G-PB组)各10例,...目的探讨在人重组的粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)动员的外周血单个核细胞中诱导产生CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞可行性及其表型和功能。方法收集本院外周血干细胞移植术供者rhG-CSF动员前外周血(PB组)和动员后的外周血采集物(G-PB组)各10例,用免疫磁珠法分选出CD4+CD25?T细胞,并用转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)进行诱导,分别应用流式细胞术、RT-PCR和细胞增殖、抑制试验测定诱导后细胞的CD25、Foxp3表达和免疫抑制功能,比较2组之间CD4+CD25+T细胞转化率、抑制功能的差异。结果1)G-PB和PB来源的CD4+CD25?T细胞在抗-CD3 M cAb和TGF-β1作用下CD25+分子表达不同,分别为:(77.9±2.3)%和(65.7±4.2)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)TGF-β1诱导产生的CD4+CD25+T细胞高表达Foxp3;3)PB、G-PB来源的TGF-β1诱导产生的CD4+CD25+T细胞具有免疫抑制功能,cpm值分别为:11 739±352和18 732±437(P<0.05)。结论G-CSF动员的外周血可作为CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的重要来源。展开更多
文摘In vertebrates, early brain development takes place at the expanded anterior end of the neural tube, which is filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF). We have recently identified a transient blood–CSF barrier that forms between embryonic days E3 and E4 in chick embryos and that is responsible for the transport of proteins and control of E-CSF homeostasis, including osmolarity. Here we examined the presence of glucose transporter GLUT-1 as well the presence of caveolae-structural protein Caveolin1 (CAV-1) in the embryonic blood-CSF barrier which may be involved in the transport of glucose and of proteins, water and ions respectively across the neuroectoderm. In this paper we demonstrate the presence of GLUT-1 and CAV-1 in endothelial cells of blood vessels as well as in adjacent neuroectodermal cells, located in the embryonic blood–CSF barrier. In blood vessels, these proteins were detected as early as E4 in chick embryos and E12.7 in rat embryos, i.e. the point at which the embryonic blood–CSF barrier acquires this function. In the neuroectoderm of the embryonic blood-CSF barrier, GLUT-1 was also detected at E4 and E12.7 respectively, and CAV-1 was detected shortly thereafter in both experimental models. These experiments contribute to delineating the extent to which the blood–CSF embryonic barrier controls E-CSF composition and homeostasis during early stages of brain development in avians and mammals. Our results suggest the regulation of glucose transport to the E-CSF by means of GLUT-1 and also suggest a mechanism by which proteins are transported via transcellular routes across the neuroectoderm, thus reinforcing the crucial role of E-CSF in brain development.
文摘目的探讨在人重组的粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)动员的外周血单个核细胞中诱导产生CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞可行性及其表型和功能。方法收集本院外周血干细胞移植术供者rhG-CSF动员前外周血(PB组)和动员后的外周血采集物(G-PB组)各10例,用免疫磁珠法分选出CD4+CD25?T细胞,并用转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)进行诱导,分别应用流式细胞术、RT-PCR和细胞增殖、抑制试验测定诱导后细胞的CD25、Foxp3表达和免疫抑制功能,比较2组之间CD4+CD25+T细胞转化率、抑制功能的差异。结果1)G-PB和PB来源的CD4+CD25?T细胞在抗-CD3 M cAb和TGF-β1作用下CD25+分子表达不同,分别为:(77.9±2.3)%和(65.7±4.2)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)TGF-β1诱导产生的CD4+CD25+T细胞高表达Foxp3;3)PB、G-PB来源的TGF-β1诱导产生的CD4+CD25+T细胞具有免疫抑制功能,cpm值分别为:11 739±352和18 732±437(P<0.05)。结论G-CSF动员的外周血可作为CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的重要来源。
