The effects of the intraoperative autologous bind donation and tepid temperature cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on blood system were investigated. Twenty-four patients with rheumatic heart valve diseases scheduled for ...The effects of the intraoperative autologous bind donation and tepid temperature cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on blood system were investigated. Twenty-four patients with rheumatic heart valve diseases scheduled for open heart surgery were selected and divided randomly into group A (intraoperative autologous blood donation and tepid temperature, nasopharyngeal temperature was at 32-34 ℃ during CPB) and group B (control, nasopharyngeal temperature was at 25-28 ℃ during CPB). The plasmatic concentrations of GMP-140 and D-Dimer and the plasmatic activities of 6- ketoPGF1α and AT- Ⅲ were measured by using ELISA or substrate luminescence techniques before operation, at the end of CPB, after discontinuation of CPB and postoperatively. Red blood cell count, platelet count, hematocrit, the amount of blood drainage and the amount of blood transfusion needed were measured or recorded postoperatively. The results showed the plasmatic concentrations of GMP140 and D-Dimer in group A were significantly less (P<0. 05) than those in group B during and after operation. The activity of 6-keto--PGF1α in group A was higher (P<0. 05) than that in group B during and after operation. The AT- Ⅲ activity in group A was less (P<0. 05) during CPB but higher 30 min after discontinuation of CPB than that in group B. The amount of postoperative blood loss (283± 166 versus 722± 194 ml, P<O. 01) and amount of blood transfusion (816±126 versus 1443± 678 ml, P<0. 01) in group A were significantly less than those in group B, respectively. The red blood cell count, platelet count and hematocrit in group A were significantly higher than those in group B after operation. The results suggests intraoperative autologous blood donation and tepid temperature have a good protection on blood system and can reduce postoperative non-surgical bleeding.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the clinical effect of blood cell analyzer combined with blood cell morphology in screening blood diseases. Methods: 600 patients with abnormal results detected by blood cell analyzer (hospitaliz...Objective: to analyze the clinical effect of blood cell analyzer combined with blood cell morphology in screening blood diseases. Methods: 600 patients with abnormal results detected by blood cell analyzer (hospitalized from January 2019 to January 2021) were analyzed retrospectively. All subjects were observed and examined by blood cell analyzer. The two test results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the clinical effect of hematology analyzer combined with blood cell morphology in blood disease screening. Results: there was no significant difference between the detection rates of atypical lymphocytes, abnormal red blood cells, leucopenia and left nuclear migration and the detection rates of blood cell count and blood cell type. There was significant difference between the detection rate of platelet abnormalities and immature cells (P < 0.05);Compared with the results of pathological examination, there was significant difference in the positive rate of hematological diseases between the two methods (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of hematological diseases after combined application (P > 0.05). The diseases with significant difference were mainly reflected in ALL and CML. Conclusion: the combination of blood cell analyzer and blood cell morphology observation in the screening of blood system diseases can improve the accuracy of screening and provide a more reliable basis for disease diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Poor musculoskeletal recovery following foot and ankle injury can result in chronic instability and persistent muscle weakness.Preliminary evidence has shown that blood flow restriction(BFR)rehabilitation c...BACKGROUND Poor musculoskeletal recovery following foot and ankle injury can result in chronic instability and persistent muscle weakness.Preliminary evidence has shown that blood flow restriction(BFR)rehabilitation can increase muscle strength and stability,helping to restore physical function and prevent repeated injury.AIM To determine whether BFR is more effective than traditional rehabilitation in improving muscle strength,size,and stability after foot and ankle injury.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE,EMBASE,and CENTRAL databases.Included studies compared the effectiveness of BFR rehabilitation to traditional foot and ankle rehabilitation exercises.Eligible patients were those with a history of foot or ankle injury.Muscle strength,size,and dynamic balance were assessed by comparing impro vements in peak torque,cross-sectional area,and percent muscle activation.Methodological quality assessments were performed using the PEDro scale and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies(MINORS).RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria.Five studies were of good to excellent quality according to the PEDro scale,and 5 studies were of moderate quality as per the MINORS criteria.Two studies compared the effect of BFR and non-BFR rehabilitation on muscle strength;the overall mean difference between the BRF and non-BFR groups was 0.09[95%CI:(0.05,0.12),P<0.0001].Two studies analyzed muscle activation following BFR and non-BFR rehabilitation;the overall mean difference between the BRF and non-BFR groups was 0.09[95%CI:(0.05,0.12),P<0.0001].Data on dynamic balance was synthesized from two studies;the mean difference between the BFR and control groups was 1.23[95%CI:(-1.55,4.01);P=0.39].CONCLUSION BFR rehabilitation is more effective than non-BFR rehabilitation at improving muscle strength and activation following foot and ankle injury.Additional studies are needed to develop a standardized BFR training protocol.展开更多
Purpose We aimed to determine:(a)the chronic effects of interval training(IT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)on physiological adaptations(aerobic/anaerobic capacity and muscle responses)and performance enhanc...Purpose We aimed to determine:(a)the chronic effects of interval training(IT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)on physiological adaptations(aerobic/anaerobic capacity and muscle responses)and performance enhancement(endurance and sprints),and(b)the influence of participant characteristics and intervention protocols on these effects.Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed,Web of Science(Core Collection),Cochrane Library(Embase,ClinicalTrials.gov,and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform),and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure on April 2,with updates on October 17,2024.Pooled effects for each outcome were summarized using Hedge's g(g)through meta-analysis-based random effects models,and subgroup and regression analyses were used to explore moderators.Results A total of 24 studies with 621 participants were included.IT combined with BFR(IT+BFR)significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake(VO2_(max))(g=0.63,I^(2)=63%),mean power during the Wingate 30-s test(g=0.70,I^(2)=47%),muscle strength(g=0.88,I^(2)=64%),muscle endurance(g=0.43,I^(2)=0%),time to fatigue(g=1.26,I^(2)=86%),and maximal aerobic speed(g=0.74,I^(2)=0%)compared to IT alone.Subgroup analysis indicated that participant characteristics including training status,IT intensity,and IT modes significantly moderated VO2_(max)(subgroup differences:p<0.05).Specifically,IT+BFR showed significantly superior improvements in VO2_(max)compared to IT alone in trained individuals(g=0.76)at supra-maximal intensity(g=1.29)and moderate intensity(g=1.08)as well as in walking(g=1.64)and running(g=0.63)modes.Meta-regression analysis showed cuff width(β=0.14)was significantly associated with VO2_(max)change,identifying 8.23 cm as the minimum threshold required for significant improvement.Subgroup analyses regarding muscle strength did not reveal any significant moderators.Conclusion IT+BFR enhances physiological adaptations and optimizes aspects of endurance performance,with moderators including training status,IT protocol(intensity,mode,and type),and cuff width.This intervention addresses various IT-related challenges and provides tailored protocols and benefits for diverse populations.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Cells of the central nervous system(CNS)are privileged in lying behind the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Unlike blood vessels in other organs,CNS blood vessels are unique in displaying high electrical resistance and low pe...Cells of the central nervous system(CNS)are privileged in lying behind the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Unlike blood vessels in other organs,CNS blood vessels are unique in displaying high electrical resistance and low permeability.With this unique structure and function,the BBB prevents potentially harmful blood components such as serum proteins,inflammatory cytokines,and inflammatory leukocytes from entering the hallowed space of the CNS and wreaking havoc.In addition to these“tightness”properties,the BBB has an array of specialized transporters designed to import essential nutrients.展开更多
While a healthy lifestyle is known to reduce the risk of stroke,the extent to which blood pressure(BP)mediates this association remains unclear.The present study aimed to quantify the mediating role of BP in the assoc...While a healthy lifestyle is known to reduce the risk of stroke,the extent to which blood pressure(BP)mediates this association remains unclear.The present study aimed to quantify the mediating role of BP in the association between combined lifestyle factors and stroke incidence.Using data from 51929 participants free of major cardiovascular diseases or cancer at baseline,we employed structural equation modeling to assess the mediating effects of systolic(SBP)and diastolic(DBP)blood pressure.During the follow-up,2811 incident stroke cases were identified.A healthy lifestyle was significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke,with SBP mediating 44.70%(β=-0.0014,95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.0016 to-0.0012)and DBP mediating 37.81%(β=-0.0012,95%CI:-0.0015 to-0.0009)of this association.The mediating effects were attenuated but remained significant for ischemic stroke(SBP:33.21%;DBP:27.24%).In conclusion,approximately two-fifths of the protective association between a healthy lifestyle and stroke may be mediated by BP.These findings suggest that BP control may serve as an important early indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing stroke risk.展开更多
Objective Evidence suggests that depleted gut microbialα-diversity is associated with hypertension;however,whether metabolic markers affect this relationship remains unknown.We aimed to determine the potential metabo...Objective Evidence suggests that depleted gut microbialα-diversity is associated with hypertension;however,whether metabolic markers affect this relationship remains unknown.We aimed to determine the potential metabolites mediating the associations ofα-diversity with blood pressure(BP)and BP variability(BPV).Methods Metagenomics and plasma targeted metabolomics were conducted on 523 Chinese participants from the MetaSalt study.The 24-hour,daytime,and nighttime BP and BPV were calculated based on ambulatory BP measurements.Linear mixed models were used to characterize the relationships betweenα-diversity(Shannon and Chao1 index)and BP indices.Mediation analyses were performed to assess the contribution of metabolites to the observed associations.The influence of key metabolites on hypertension was further evaluated in a prospective cohort of 2,169 participants.Results Gut microbial richness(Chao1)was negatively associated with 24-hour systolic BP,daytime systolic BP,daytime diastolic BP,24-hour systolic BPV,and nighttime systolic BPV(P<0.05).Moreover,26 metabolites were strongly associated with richness(Bonferroni P<0.05).Among them,four key metabolites(imidazole propionate,2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid,homovanillic acid,and hydrocinnamic acid)mediated the associations between richness and BP indices(proportions of mediating effects:14.1%–67.4%).These key metabolites were also associated with hypertension in the prospective cohort.For example,each 1-standard deviation unit increase in hydrocinnamic acid significantly reduced the risk of prevalent(OR[95%CI]=0.90[0.82,0.99];P=0.03)and incident hypertension(HR[95%CI]=0.83[0.71,0.96];P=0.01).Conclusion Our results suggest that gut microbial richness correlates with lower BP and BPV,and that certain metabolites mediate these associations.These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of hypertension.展开更多
Ischemic stroke,a frequently occurring form of stroke,is caused by obstruction of cerebral blood flow,which leads to ischemia,hypoxia,and necrosis of local brain tissue.After ischemic stroke,both astrocytes and the bl...Ischemic stroke,a frequently occurring form of stroke,is caused by obstruction of cerebral blood flow,which leads to ischemia,hypoxia,and necrosis of local brain tissue.After ischemic stroke,both astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier undergo morphological and functional transformations.However,the interplay between astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier has received less attention.This comprehensive review explores the physiological and pathological morphological and functional changes in astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier in ischemic stroke.Post-stroke,the structure of endothelial cells and peripheral cells undergoes alterations,causing disruption of the blood–brain barrier.This disruption allows various pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines to cross the blood–brain barrier.Simultaneously,astrocytes swell and primarily adopt two phenotypic states:A1 and A2,which exhibit different roles at different stages of ischemic stroke.During the acute phase,A1 reactive astrocytes secrete vascular endothelial growth factor,matrix metalloproteinases,lipid carrier protein-2,and other cytokines,exacerbating damage to endothelial cells and tight junctions.Conversely,A2 reactive astrocytes produce pentraxin 3,Sonic hedgehog,angiopoietin-1,and other protective factors for endothelial cells.Furthermore,astrocytes indirectly influence blood–brain barrier permeability through ferroptosis and exosomes.In the middle and late(recovery)stages of ischemic stroke,A1 and A2 astrocytes show different effects on glial scar formation.A1 astrocytes promote glial scar formation and inhibit axon growth via glial fibrillary acidic protein,chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans,and transforming growth factor-β.In contrast,A2 astrocytes facilitate axon growth through platelet-derived growth factor,playing a crucial role in vascular remodeling.Therefore,enhancing our understanding of the pathological changes and interactions between astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier is a vital therapeutic target for preventing further brain damage in acute stroke.These insights may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.展开更多
The central nervous system(CNS)does not function in isolation-it engages in continuous molecular dialogue with the vascular and immune systems.Traditionally,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)was portrayed solely as an imper...The central nervous system(CNS)does not function in isolation-it engages in continuous molecular dialogue with the vascular and immune systems.Traditionally,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)was portrayed solely as an impermeable wall,safeguarding the CNS by excluding blood-derived molecules and circulating cells.However,this view has evolved.The BBB is now recognized as a dynamic interface that selectively regulates the exchange of signals,cells.展开更多
In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflamma...In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflammation and accelerates disease progression in later stages.In vivo parabiosis experiments in aged animals have demonstrated that blood-born factors modulate synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,and microglial responses.We hypothesize that peripheral factors can modulate microglial function and thereby possibly influence Alzheimer’s disease pathology.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease serum on microglial phagocytosis.Here,we use an immortalized human microglial cell line in an in vitro parabiosis assay to investigate the impact of the serum from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease(n=30)and age-matched controls(n=30)(PRODEM study)on microglial phagocytosis.Exposure to Alzheimer’s disease serum increased microglial phagocytic uptake of pH-sensitive fluorescent particles and downregulated expression of the lysosomal master regulator transcription factor EB(TFEB)and of ATPase H^(+)transporting lysosomal V1 subunit B2(ATP6V1B2),a component of the vacuolar ATPase.To identify serum components that may relate to changes in phagocytosis,serum samples of the Three-City Study(3C Study)were used.In the 3C Study,blood samples were collected up to 12 years before the onset of cognitive decline or dementia and their serum metabolome is well-defined.Microglia exposed to the serum of future Alzheimer’s disease patients from the 3C Study displayed an increased phagocytic uptake compared with the serum of matched controls,depending on the presence of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in the Alzheimer’s disease patients.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis correlated inversely with serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.We confirmed this inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic acid and phagocytosis in the serum samples of the PRODEM cohort.In addition,in vitro testing of eicosapentaenoic acid on microglial phagocytosis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in phagocytic uptake.In conclusion,following incubation with Alzheimer’s disease blood serum,we observed increased microglial phagocytic uptake and the downregulation of TFEB and ATP6V1B2,possibly indicating lysosomal dysfunction.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis was inversely correlated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels,suggesting an important role for dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in microglial function.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide.It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and intracellul...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide.It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles,leading to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive decline.These pathological changes can begin decades before clinical symptoms emerge,highlighting the critical need for early,accessible,and accurate diagnostic tools.展开更多
Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various phy...Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various physiological functions)and“Yin”(it represents the material foundation of the human body.It plays a role in nourishing,moistening,and cooling the body).Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRR)is recognized for its properties of resolving blood stasis(it refers to a pathological condition characterized by impaired or stagnant blood circulation within the body).Changes in the compatibility ratio of these herbs often lead to variations in their chemical composition and efficacy.However,the specific alterations in chemical composition and efficacy resulting from compatibility adjustments remain unclear.We aimed to compare the material basis and their effects of different compatibility ratios of PQR and NRR on“Qi”deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QBS).Methods:This study employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to identify effective compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR and utilized UPLC-TQ-MS/MS to analyze the dissolution of 16 saponins in PQR and NRR at 9 different ratios.A rat model of QBS was established,and the efficacy of PQR and NRR in treating this syndrome was assessed using hemorheology and coagulation analyses.Results:The study results show that PQR and NRR exhibit significant efficacy,effectively reducing blood viscosity induced by platelet aggregation and lowering inflammatory markers such as IL-6,IL-10,TXB2 and ET associated with vascular injury.Moreover,this combination regulates ATP and ADP levels,enhances energy metabolism,and promotes overall health.A total of 104 compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR were identified.The ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 showed the highest total saponin content,but the ratio of 1:1 demonstrated a superior pharmacological effect for the treatment of QBS.Conclusion:In summary,the compatibility of PQR and NRR not only shows the complex interactions between traditional Chinese medicinal materials,but also provides a new idea and method for the treatment of QBS.展开更多
Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse...Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and found that it effectively reduced dopamine neuron injury, neurotransmitter dopamine release, and motor symptoms. These neuroprotective effects of chitosan were related to bacterial metabolites, specifically shortchain fatty acids, and chitosan administration altered intestinal microbial diversity and decreased short-chain fatty acid production in the gut. Furthermore, chitosan effectively reduced damage to the intestinal barrier and the blood–brain barrier. Finally, we demonstrated that chitosan improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated inflammation in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system by reducing acetate levels. Based on these findings, we suggest a molecular mechanism by which chitosan decreases inflammation through reducing acetate levels and repairing the intestinal and blood–brain barriers, thereby alleviating symptoms of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile ...Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile based on 1468 blood samples from both human and mouse studies,which include bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),microRNA-seq,and single-cell RNA-seq data.We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline that conducted over 11 million comparisons and correlations to identify more than 20,000 blood features.With these findings,we established a blood RNA database related to Alzheimer’s disease,RNAs in Blood of AD(RBAD,http://www.bioinform.cn/RBAD/).Using RBAD,we initially validated well-established Alzheimer’s disease-related pathways,including olfactory transduction.We then observed a decrease in both the proportion and functionality of erythroid cells,likely attributed to their elevated CD45 levels and interactions with GZMK^(+)CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,we identified 449 blood RNAs linked to patients’overall survival,along with two mRNAs(H4C3 and CTU1)associated with cognitive decline.In summary,RBAD is the first web-based analysis platform dedicated to investigating blood RNA changes in Alzheimer’s disease,and provides valuable insights into potential peripheral biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system on blood pressure regulation. Methods: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in anesthetized rabbits. Based on the set poi...Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system on blood pressure regulation. Methods: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in anesthetized rabbits. Based on the set point theory, an implanted chip system was designed to regulate the blood pressure by stimulating the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) according to the feedback of blood pressure. The blood pressure regulation induced by the implanted chip system was carried out twice (lasted for 15 min and 60 min respectively) and the change of MAP and HR during the regulation was compared with the control. Results: There was a significant decrease of MAP during the first regulation ([-32.0 ± 6.6] mmHg) and second regulation ([-27.4 ± 6.2] mmHg) compared with the control (P<0.01). The HR was also significantly decreased during regulation compared with the control. Both MAP and HR returned to the baseline immediately without rebound after the regulation ceased. Conclusion: The implanted chip system can regulate the blood pressure successfully and keep the blood pressure in a lower constant level without adaptation.展开更多
Background： Allogeneic blood transfusion-induced immunomodulation （TRIM） and its adverse effect on the prognosis of patients treated surgically for cancer remain complex and controversial. However, the potential ri...Background： Allogeneic blood transfusion-induced immunomodulation （TRIM） and its adverse effect on the prognosis of patients treated surgically for cancer remain complex and controversial. However, the potential risk associated with allogeneic blood transfusion has heightened interest in the use of autologous blood transfusion. In the present study, the serum concentrations of neopterin, interferon-gamma （IFN-γ）, T lymphocyte subsets （CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, CD4^＋/CD8^＋） and a possible association between these variables were investigated. The purpose was to further evaluate the effect of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion on immunological status in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. Methods： Sixty ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ（American Society of Anesthesiologists） patients undergoing elective radical resection for stomach cancer were randomly allocated to receive either allogeneic blood transfusion （n=30） or autologous blood transfusion （n=30）. Serum concentrations of the neopterin, IFN-γ and T lymphocyte subsets in the recipients were measured before induction of anesthesia, after operation, and on the 5th postoperative day. Results： Both two groups, serum neopterin, IFN-γ, percentages of T-cell subsets （CD3^＋, CD4^＋）, and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio had significantly decreased after operation, but decreased more significantly in group H （receiving allogeneic blood transfusion） than those in group A （receiving autologous whole blood transfusion） （P〈0.05）. On the 5th postoperative day,serum neopterin, IFN-γ, CD3^＋, CD4^＋ T-cells, and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio returned to the baseline values in group A. In contrast, the above remain decreasing in group H, where there were no significant relations between serum neopterin and IFN-γ. Conclusion：Perioperative surgical trauma and stress have an immunosuppressive impact on gastric cancer patients. Allogeneic blood transfusion exacerbates the impaired immune response. Autologous blood transfusion might be significantly beneficial for immune-compromised patients in the perioperative period, clearly showing its superiority over allogeneic blood transfusion.展开更多
Visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure(SBP)may have an important additional role in increasing the risk of vascular complications,including stroke.We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship...Visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure(SBP)may have an important additional role in increasing the risk of vascular complications,including stroke.We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between visit-to-visit SBP variability(SBPV)and stroke risk.PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane library databases were searched for cohort studies with data on visit-to-visit SBPV and stroke risk.Studies that reported adjusted relative risks(RRs)with 95%Cis of stroke associated with SBPV were included.Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis.After adjustment for age,sex,and existing vascular risk factors,the analysis showed that the risk of stroke in patients with SBPV was significantly increased compared with patients with a small baseline SBPV[SD(RR=1.20,95%CI=(1.07-1.35),P=0.0005),CV(RR=1.12,95%CI=(1.00-1.26),P=0.008)].In addition,follow-up variations of more than 5 years were associated with a higher risk of stroke than those of less than 5 years[RR=1.08,95%CI=(1.04-1.11)].Visit-to-visit SBPV was associated with an increased risk of stroke,especially in terms of the time of variation.Taken together,SBPV data may be useful as a preventative diagnostic method in the management of stroke.展开更多
Blood exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles secreted by living cells into the circulating blood,are regarded as a relatively noninvasive novel tool for monitoring brain physiology and disease states.An increasing ...Blood exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles secreted by living cells into the circulating blood,are regarded as a relatively noninvasive novel tool for monitoring brain physiology and disease states.An increasing number of blood cargo-loaded exosomes are emerging as potential biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.Therefo re,we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of molecular biomarkers derived from blood exosomes to comprehensively analyze their diagnostic performance in preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease.We performed a literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library from their inception to August 15,2020.The research subjects mainly included Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and preclinical Alzheimer's disease.We identified 34 observational studies,of which 15 were included in the quantitative analysis(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score 5.87 points)and 19 were used in the qualitative analysis.The meta-analysis results showed that core biomarkers including Aβ_(1-42),P-T181-tau,P-S396-tau,and T-tau were increased in blood neuro nderived exosomes of preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease patients.M olecules related to additional risk facto rs that are involved in neuroinflammation(C1q),metabolism disorder(P-S312-IRS-1),neurotrophic deficiency(HGF),vascular injury(VEGF-D),and autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction(cathepsin D)were also increased.At the gene level,the differential expression of transc ription-related factors(REST)and microRNAs(miR-132)also affects RNA splicing,transport,and translation.These pathological changes contribute to neural loss and synaptic dysfunction.The data confirm that the above-mentioned core molecules and additional ris k-related factors in blood exosomes can serve as candidate biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.These findings support further development of exosome biomarkers for a clinical blood test for Alzheimer's disease.This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(Registration No.CRD4200173498,28/04/2020).展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation of an ultrasonic scoring system with intraoperative blood loss(IBL) in placenta accreta spectrum(PAS) disorders.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conduct...Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation of an ultrasonic scoring system with intraoperative blood loss(IBL) in placenta accreta spectrum(PAS) disorders.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2015 and November 2019.Clinical data for patients with PAS have been obtained from medical records. Generalized additive models were used to explore the nonlinear relationships between ultrasonic scores and IBL. Logistic regressions were used to determine the differences in the risk of IBL ≥ 1,500 m L among groups with different ultrasonic scores.Results A total of 332 patients participated in the analysis. Generalized additive models showed a significant positive correlation between score and blood loss. The amount of IBL was increased due to the rise in the ultrasonic score. All cases were divided into three groups according to the scores(low score group: ≤ 6 points, n = 147;median score group: 7-9 points, n = 126;and high score group: ≥ 10 points, n = 59). Compared with the low score group, the high score group showed a higher risk of IBL≥ 1,500 m L [odds ratio, 15.09;95% confidence interval(3.85, 59.19);P ≤ 0.001] after a multivariable adjustment.Conclusions The risk of blood loss equal to or greater than 1,500 m L increases further when ultrasonic score greater than or equal to 10 points, the preparation for transfusion and referral mechanism should be considered.展开更多
文摘The effects of the intraoperative autologous bind donation and tepid temperature cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on blood system were investigated. Twenty-four patients with rheumatic heart valve diseases scheduled for open heart surgery were selected and divided randomly into group A (intraoperative autologous blood donation and tepid temperature, nasopharyngeal temperature was at 32-34 ℃ during CPB) and group B (control, nasopharyngeal temperature was at 25-28 ℃ during CPB). The plasmatic concentrations of GMP-140 and D-Dimer and the plasmatic activities of 6- ketoPGF1α and AT- Ⅲ were measured by using ELISA or substrate luminescence techniques before operation, at the end of CPB, after discontinuation of CPB and postoperatively. Red blood cell count, platelet count, hematocrit, the amount of blood drainage and the amount of blood transfusion needed were measured or recorded postoperatively. The results showed the plasmatic concentrations of GMP140 and D-Dimer in group A were significantly less (P<0. 05) than those in group B during and after operation. The activity of 6-keto--PGF1α in group A was higher (P<0. 05) than that in group B during and after operation. The AT- Ⅲ activity in group A was less (P<0. 05) during CPB but higher 30 min after discontinuation of CPB than that in group B. The amount of postoperative blood loss (283± 166 versus 722± 194 ml, P<O. 01) and amount of blood transfusion (816±126 versus 1443± 678 ml, P<0. 01) in group A were significantly less than those in group B, respectively. The red blood cell count, platelet count and hematocrit in group A were significantly higher than those in group B after operation. The results suggests intraoperative autologous blood donation and tepid temperature have a good protection on blood system and can reduce postoperative non-surgical bleeding.
文摘Objective: to analyze the clinical effect of blood cell analyzer combined with blood cell morphology in screening blood diseases. Methods: 600 patients with abnormal results detected by blood cell analyzer (hospitalized from January 2019 to January 2021) were analyzed retrospectively. All subjects were observed and examined by blood cell analyzer. The two test results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the clinical effect of hematology analyzer combined with blood cell morphology in blood disease screening. Results: there was no significant difference between the detection rates of atypical lymphocytes, abnormal red blood cells, leucopenia and left nuclear migration and the detection rates of blood cell count and blood cell type. There was significant difference between the detection rate of platelet abnormalities and immature cells (P < 0.05);Compared with the results of pathological examination, there was significant difference in the positive rate of hematological diseases between the two methods (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of hematological diseases after combined application (P > 0.05). The diseases with significant difference were mainly reflected in ALL and CML. Conclusion: the combination of blood cell analyzer and blood cell morphology observation in the screening of blood system diseases can improve the accuracy of screening and provide a more reliable basis for disease diagnosis and treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Poor musculoskeletal recovery following foot and ankle injury can result in chronic instability and persistent muscle weakness.Preliminary evidence has shown that blood flow restriction(BFR)rehabilitation can increase muscle strength and stability,helping to restore physical function and prevent repeated injury.AIM To determine whether BFR is more effective than traditional rehabilitation in improving muscle strength,size,and stability after foot and ankle injury.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE,EMBASE,and CENTRAL databases.Included studies compared the effectiveness of BFR rehabilitation to traditional foot and ankle rehabilitation exercises.Eligible patients were those with a history of foot or ankle injury.Muscle strength,size,and dynamic balance were assessed by comparing impro vements in peak torque,cross-sectional area,and percent muscle activation.Methodological quality assessments were performed using the PEDro scale and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies(MINORS).RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria.Five studies were of good to excellent quality according to the PEDro scale,and 5 studies were of moderate quality as per the MINORS criteria.Two studies compared the effect of BFR and non-BFR rehabilitation on muscle strength;the overall mean difference between the BRF and non-BFR groups was 0.09[95%CI:(0.05,0.12),P<0.0001].Two studies analyzed muscle activation following BFR and non-BFR rehabilitation;the overall mean difference between the BRF and non-BFR groups was 0.09[95%CI:(0.05,0.12),P<0.0001].Data on dynamic balance was synthesized from two studies;the mean difference between the BFR and control groups was 1.23[95%CI:(-1.55,4.01);P=0.39].CONCLUSION BFR rehabilitation is more effective than non-BFR rehabilitation at improving muscle strength and activation following foot and ankle injury.Additional studies are needed to develop a standardized BFR training protocol.
文摘Purpose We aimed to determine:(a)the chronic effects of interval training(IT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)on physiological adaptations(aerobic/anaerobic capacity and muscle responses)and performance enhancement(endurance and sprints),and(b)the influence of participant characteristics and intervention protocols on these effects.Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed,Web of Science(Core Collection),Cochrane Library(Embase,ClinicalTrials.gov,and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform),and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure on April 2,with updates on October 17,2024.Pooled effects for each outcome were summarized using Hedge's g(g)through meta-analysis-based random effects models,and subgroup and regression analyses were used to explore moderators.Results A total of 24 studies with 621 participants were included.IT combined with BFR(IT+BFR)significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake(VO2_(max))(g=0.63,I^(2)=63%),mean power during the Wingate 30-s test(g=0.70,I^(2)=47%),muscle strength(g=0.88,I^(2)=64%),muscle endurance(g=0.43,I^(2)=0%),time to fatigue(g=1.26,I^(2)=86%),and maximal aerobic speed(g=0.74,I^(2)=0%)compared to IT alone.Subgroup analysis indicated that participant characteristics including training status,IT intensity,and IT modes significantly moderated VO2_(max)(subgroup differences:p<0.05).Specifically,IT+BFR showed significantly superior improvements in VO2_(max)compared to IT alone in trained individuals(g=0.76)at supra-maximal intensity(g=1.29)and moderate intensity(g=1.08)as well as in walking(g=1.64)and running(g=0.63)modes.Meta-regression analysis showed cuff width(β=0.14)was significantly associated with VO2_(max)change,identifying 8.23 cm as the minimum threshold required for significant improvement.Subgroup analyses regarding muscle strength did not reveal any significant moderators.Conclusion IT+BFR enhances physiological adaptations and optimizes aspects of endurance performance,with moderators including training status,IT protocol(intensity,mode,and type),and cuff width.This intervention addresses various IT-related challenges and provides tailored protocols and benefits for diverse populations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the NIH RF1 grant NS119477 jointly funded by NINDS and NIA(to RM).
文摘Cells of the central nervous system(CNS)are privileged in lying behind the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Unlike blood vessels in other organs,CNS blood vessels are unique in displaying high electrical resistance and low permeability.With this unique structure and function,the BBB prevents potentially harmful blood components such as serum proteins,inflammatory cytokines,and inflammatory leukocytes from entering the hallowed space of the CNS and wreaking havoc.In addition to these“tightness”properties,the BBB has an array of specialized transporters designed to import essential nutrients.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82192900,82192901,82192904,81390540,and 91846303 to L.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0900500 to Y.G.)the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong,and the Wellcome Trust in the UK(Grant/Award Nos.088158/Z/09/Z,104085/Z/14/Z,and 202922/Z/16/Z to Z.C.).
文摘While a healthy lifestyle is known to reduce the risk of stroke,the extent to which blood pressure(BP)mediates this association remains unclear.The present study aimed to quantify the mediating role of BP in the association between combined lifestyle factors and stroke incidence.Using data from 51929 participants free of major cardiovascular diseases or cancer at baseline,we employed structural equation modeling to assess the mediating effects of systolic(SBP)and diastolic(DBP)blood pressure.During the follow-up,2811 incident stroke cases were identified.A healthy lifestyle was significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke,with SBP mediating 44.70%(β=-0.0014,95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.0016 to-0.0012)and DBP mediating 37.81%(β=-0.0012,95%CI:-0.0015 to-0.0009)of this association.The mediating effects were attenuated but remained significant for ischemic stroke(SBP:33.21%;DBP:27.24%).In conclusion,approximately two-fifths of the protective association between a healthy lifestyle and stroke may be mediated by BP.These findings suggest that BP control may serve as an important early indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing stroke risk.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Program for Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases(2023ZD0503500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030102,12126602,91857118)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-010,2019-I2M-2-003)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-GSP-GG-1,2022-GSP-GG-2)。
文摘Objective Evidence suggests that depleted gut microbialα-diversity is associated with hypertension;however,whether metabolic markers affect this relationship remains unknown.We aimed to determine the potential metabolites mediating the associations ofα-diversity with blood pressure(BP)and BP variability(BPV).Methods Metagenomics and plasma targeted metabolomics were conducted on 523 Chinese participants from the MetaSalt study.The 24-hour,daytime,and nighttime BP and BPV were calculated based on ambulatory BP measurements.Linear mixed models were used to characterize the relationships betweenα-diversity(Shannon and Chao1 index)and BP indices.Mediation analyses were performed to assess the contribution of metabolites to the observed associations.The influence of key metabolites on hypertension was further evaluated in a prospective cohort of 2,169 participants.Results Gut microbial richness(Chao1)was negatively associated with 24-hour systolic BP,daytime systolic BP,daytime diastolic BP,24-hour systolic BPV,and nighttime systolic BPV(P<0.05).Moreover,26 metabolites were strongly associated with richness(Bonferroni P<0.05).Among them,four key metabolites(imidazole propionate,2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid,homovanillic acid,and hydrocinnamic acid)mediated the associations between richness and BP indices(proportions of mediating effects:14.1%–67.4%).These key metabolites were also associated with hypertension in the prospective cohort.For example,each 1-standard deviation unit increase in hydrocinnamic acid significantly reduced the risk of prevalent(OR[95%CI]=0.90[0.82,0.99];P=0.03)and incident hypertension(HR[95%CI]=0.83[0.71,0.96];P=0.01).Conclusion Our results suggest that gut microbial richness correlates with lower BP and BPV,and that certain metabolites mediate these associations.These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of hypertension.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U21A20400(to QW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104560(to CL)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Nos.2024-JYB-JBZD-043(to CL),2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘Ischemic stroke,a frequently occurring form of stroke,is caused by obstruction of cerebral blood flow,which leads to ischemia,hypoxia,and necrosis of local brain tissue.After ischemic stroke,both astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier undergo morphological and functional transformations.However,the interplay between astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier has received less attention.This comprehensive review explores the physiological and pathological morphological and functional changes in astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier in ischemic stroke.Post-stroke,the structure of endothelial cells and peripheral cells undergoes alterations,causing disruption of the blood–brain barrier.This disruption allows various pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines to cross the blood–brain barrier.Simultaneously,astrocytes swell and primarily adopt two phenotypic states:A1 and A2,which exhibit different roles at different stages of ischemic stroke.During the acute phase,A1 reactive astrocytes secrete vascular endothelial growth factor,matrix metalloproteinases,lipid carrier protein-2,and other cytokines,exacerbating damage to endothelial cells and tight junctions.Conversely,A2 reactive astrocytes produce pentraxin 3,Sonic hedgehog,angiopoietin-1,and other protective factors for endothelial cells.Furthermore,astrocytes indirectly influence blood–brain barrier permeability through ferroptosis and exosomes.In the middle and late(recovery)stages of ischemic stroke,A1 and A2 astrocytes show different effects on glial scar formation.A1 astrocytes promote glial scar formation and inhibit axon growth via glial fibrillary acidic protein,chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans,and transforming growth factor-β.In contrast,A2 astrocytes facilitate axon growth through platelet-derived growth factor,playing a crucial role in vascular remodeling.Therefore,enhancing our understanding of the pathological changes and interactions between astrocytes and the blood–brain barrier is a vital therapeutic target for preventing further brain damage in acute stroke.These insights may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K02NS110973 and R01NS126498(to MAP).
文摘The central nervous system(CNS)does not function in isolation-it engages in continuous molecular dialogue with the vascular and immune systems.Traditionally,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)was portrayed solely as an impermeable wall,safeguarding the CNS by excluding blood-derived molecules and circulating cells.However,this view has evolved.The BBB is now recognized as a dynamic interface that selectively regulates the exchange of signals,cells.
基金part of the EU consortium DCogPlast‘Diet Cognition and Plasticity”funded by the Joint Programming Initiative“A Health Diet for a Healthy Life”(JPI-HDHL)via the BMWFW(BMWFW-10.420/0009-WF/V/3c/2015 and the Medical Research Council UK:MR/N030087/1)(to LA and ST)Further,LA was supported by the PMU-FFF ResearchFund(A-16/01/019-AIG)and BA by the PMU-Research and Innovation Fund(PMU-RIF)(project 2023-PRE-008-Altendorfer)+1 种基金PJL was supported by the Center for Urban Mental Health,and AK and PJL by Alzheimer Nederland and the ZonMW Program Mechanisms Of DEMentia(MODEM)and by the Gravitation program iCNS of the Dutch Research Council(NWO)CAL was supported by Grant PID2020-114921RB-C21,Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence grant CEX2021-001234-M funded by MCIU/AEI/and CIBERFES,CB16/10/00269,from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III all of them by“ERDF A way of making Europe”,the Generalitat de Catalunya’s Agency AGAUR of2021SGR00687 and ICREA Award.
文摘In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflammation and accelerates disease progression in later stages.In vivo parabiosis experiments in aged animals have demonstrated that blood-born factors modulate synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,and microglial responses.We hypothesize that peripheral factors can modulate microglial function and thereby possibly influence Alzheimer’s disease pathology.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease serum on microglial phagocytosis.Here,we use an immortalized human microglial cell line in an in vitro parabiosis assay to investigate the impact of the serum from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease(n=30)and age-matched controls(n=30)(PRODEM study)on microglial phagocytosis.Exposure to Alzheimer’s disease serum increased microglial phagocytic uptake of pH-sensitive fluorescent particles and downregulated expression of the lysosomal master regulator transcription factor EB(TFEB)and of ATPase H^(+)transporting lysosomal V1 subunit B2(ATP6V1B2),a component of the vacuolar ATPase.To identify serum components that may relate to changes in phagocytosis,serum samples of the Three-City Study(3C Study)were used.In the 3C Study,blood samples were collected up to 12 years before the onset of cognitive decline or dementia and their serum metabolome is well-defined.Microglia exposed to the serum of future Alzheimer’s disease patients from the 3C Study displayed an increased phagocytic uptake compared with the serum of matched controls,depending on the presence of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in the Alzheimer’s disease patients.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis correlated inversely with serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.We confirmed this inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic acid and phagocytosis in the serum samples of the PRODEM cohort.In addition,in vitro testing of eicosapentaenoic acid on microglial phagocytosis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in phagocytic uptake.In conclusion,following incubation with Alzheimer’s disease blood serum,we observed increased microglial phagocytic uptake and the downregulation of TFEB and ATP6V1B2,possibly indicating lysosomal dysfunction.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis was inversely correlated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels,suggesting an important role for dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in microglial function.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide.It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles,leading to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive decline.These pathological changes can begin decades before clinical symptoms emerge,highlighting the critical need for early,accessible,and accurate diagnostic tools.
基金funded by the Entrusted service project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYJXG-L23001)2023 Sanqin Talent Special Support Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project,and Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2023).
文摘Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various physiological functions)and“Yin”(it represents the material foundation of the human body.It plays a role in nourishing,moistening,and cooling the body).Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRR)is recognized for its properties of resolving blood stasis(it refers to a pathological condition characterized by impaired or stagnant blood circulation within the body).Changes in the compatibility ratio of these herbs often lead to variations in their chemical composition and efficacy.However,the specific alterations in chemical composition and efficacy resulting from compatibility adjustments remain unclear.We aimed to compare the material basis and their effects of different compatibility ratios of PQR and NRR on“Qi”deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QBS).Methods:This study employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to identify effective compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR and utilized UPLC-TQ-MS/MS to analyze the dissolution of 16 saponins in PQR and NRR at 9 different ratios.A rat model of QBS was established,and the efficacy of PQR and NRR in treating this syndrome was assessed using hemorheology and coagulation analyses.Results:The study results show that PQR and NRR exhibit significant efficacy,effectively reducing blood viscosity induced by platelet aggregation and lowering inflammatory markers such as IL-6,IL-10,TXB2 and ET associated with vascular injury.Moreover,this combination regulates ATP and ADP levels,enhances energy metabolism,and promotes overall health.A total of 104 compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR were identified.The ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 showed the highest total saponin content,but the ratio of 1:1 demonstrated a superior pharmacological effect for the treatment of QBS.Conclusion:In summary,the compatibility of PQR and NRR not only shows the complex interactions between traditional Chinese medicinal materials,but also provides a new idea and method for the treatment of QBS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 32260196 (to JY), 81860646 (to ZY) and 31860274 (to JY)a grant from Yunnan Department of Science and Technology,Nos. 202101AT070251 (to JY), 202201AS070084 (to ZY), 202301AY070001-239 (to JY), 202101AZ070001-012, and 2019FI016 (to ZY)。
文摘Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and found that it effectively reduced dopamine neuron injury, neurotransmitter dopamine release, and motor symptoms. These neuroprotective effects of chitosan were related to bacterial metabolites, specifically shortchain fatty acids, and chitosan administration altered intestinal microbial diversity and decreased short-chain fatty acid production in the gut. Furthermore, chitosan effectively reduced damage to the intestinal barrier and the blood–brain barrier. Finally, we demonstrated that chitosan improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated inflammation in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system by reducing acetate levels. Based on these findings, we suggest a molecular mechanism by which chitosan decreases inflammation through reducing acetate levels and repairing the intestinal and blood–brain barriers, thereby alleviating symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by Research and Innovation Foundation of Wuhan Asia General Hospital,No.2022KYCX1-B10(to FH)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Hubei Province,No.2023AFB550(to FH)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32400554(to FH),82371444(to YZ)theGuiding Project of the Scientific Research Program of the Department of Education of Hubei Province,No.B2021016(to FH)the Natural Science Foundationof Hubei Province,No.2024AFB853(to QW).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile based on 1468 blood samples from both human and mouse studies,which include bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),microRNA-seq,and single-cell RNA-seq data.We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline that conducted over 11 million comparisons and correlations to identify more than 20,000 blood features.With these findings,we established a blood RNA database related to Alzheimer’s disease,RNAs in Blood of AD(RBAD,http://www.bioinform.cn/RBAD/).Using RBAD,we initially validated well-established Alzheimer’s disease-related pathways,including olfactory transduction.We then observed a decrease in both the proportion and functionality of erythroid cells,likely attributed to their elevated CD45 levels and interactions with GZMK^(+)CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,we identified 449 blood RNAs linked to patients’overall survival,along with two mRNAs(H4C3 and CTU1)associated with cognitive decline.In summary,RBAD is the first web-based analysis platform dedicated to investigating blood RNA changes in Alzheimer’s disease,and provides valuable insights into potential peripheral biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system on blood pressure regulation. Methods: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in anesthetized rabbits. Based on the set point theory, an implanted chip system was designed to regulate the blood pressure by stimulating the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) according to the feedback of blood pressure. The blood pressure regulation induced by the implanted chip system was carried out twice (lasted for 15 min and 60 min respectively) and the change of MAP and HR during the regulation was compared with the control. Results: There was a significant decrease of MAP during the first regulation ([-32.0 ± 6.6] mmHg) and second regulation ([-27.4 ± 6.2] mmHg) compared with the control (P<0.01). The HR was also significantly decreased during regulation compared with the control. Both MAP and HR returned to the baseline immediately without rebound after the regulation ceased. Conclusion: The implanted chip system can regulate the blood pressure successfully and keep the blood pressure in a lower constant level without adaptation.
基金Project supported by the Health Department of Zhejiang Province(No. 2004A040)the Education Department of Zhejiang Province (No. G20030486), China
文摘Background： Allogeneic blood transfusion-induced immunomodulation （TRIM） and its adverse effect on the prognosis of patients treated surgically for cancer remain complex and controversial. However, the potential risk associated with allogeneic blood transfusion has heightened interest in the use of autologous blood transfusion. In the present study, the serum concentrations of neopterin, interferon-gamma （IFN-γ）, T lymphocyte subsets （CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD8^＋, CD4^＋/CD8^＋） and a possible association between these variables were investigated. The purpose was to further evaluate the effect of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion on immunological status in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. Methods： Sixty ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ（American Society of Anesthesiologists） patients undergoing elective radical resection for stomach cancer were randomly allocated to receive either allogeneic blood transfusion （n=30） or autologous blood transfusion （n=30）. Serum concentrations of the neopterin, IFN-γ and T lymphocyte subsets in the recipients were measured before induction of anesthesia, after operation, and on the 5th postoperative day. Results： Both two groups, serum neopterin, IFN-γ, percentages of T-cell subsets （CD3^＋, CD4^＋）, and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio had significantly decreased after operation, but decreased more significantly in group H （receiving allogeneic blood transfusion） than those in group A （receiving autologous whole blood transfusion） （P〈0.05）. On the 5th postoperative day,serum neopterin, IFN-γ, CD3^＋, CD4^＋ T-cells, and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio returned to the baseline values in group A. In contrast, the above remain decreasing in group H, where there were no significant relations between serum neopterin and IFN-γ. Conclusion：Perioperative surgical trauma and stress have an immunosuppressive impact on gastric cancer patients. Allogeneic blood transfusion exacerbates the impaired immune response. Autologous blood transfusion might be significantly beneficial for immune-compromised patients in the perioperative period, clearly showing its superiority over allogeneic blood transfusion.
基金The study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760221 and No.81660209)National Science&Technology Foundational Resource Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100900)the Major Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.2016ACB20015).
文摘Visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure(SBP)may have an important additional role in increasing the risk of vascular complications,including stroke.We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between visit-to-visit SBP variability(SBPV)and stroke risk.PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane library databases were searched for cohort studies with data on visit-to-visit SBPV and stroke risk.Studies that reported adjusted relative risks(RRs)with 95%Cis of stroke associated with SBPV were included.Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis.After adjustment for age,sex,and existing vascular risk factors,the analysis showed that the risk of stroke in patients with SBPV was significantly increased compared with patients with a small baseline SBPV[SD(RR=1.20,95%CI=(1.07-1.35),P=0.0005),CV(RR=1.12,95%CI=(1.00-1.26),P=0.008)].In addition,follow-up variations of more than 5 years were associated with a higher risk of stroke than those of less than 5 years[RR=1.08,95%CI=(1.04-1.11)].Visit-to-visit SBPV was associated with an increased risk of stroke,especially in terms of the time of variation.Taken together,SBPV data may be useful as a preventative diagnostic method in the management of stroke.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Project),No.82030123(to LDC)the Science and Technology Platform Construction Project of Fujian Science and Technology Department,No.2018Y2002(to LDC)。
文摘Blood exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles secreted by living cells into the circulating blood,are regarded as a relatively noninvasive novel tool for monitoring brain physiology and disease states.An increasing number of blood cargo-loaded exosomes are emerging as potential biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.Therefo re,we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of molecular biomarkers derived from blood exosomes to comprehensively analyze their diagnostic performance in preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease.We performed a literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library from their inception to August 15,2020.The research subjects mainly included Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and preclinical Alzheimer's disease.We identified 34 observational studies,of which 15 were included in the quantitative analysis(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score 5.87 points)and 19 were used in the qualitative analysis.The meta-analysis results showed that core biomarkers including Aβ_(1-42),P-T181-tau,P-S396-tau,and T-tau were increased in blood neuro nderived exosomes of preclinical Alzheimer's disease,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease patients.M olecules related to additional risk facto rs that are involved in neuroinflammation(C1q),metabolism disorder(P-S312-IRS-1),neurotrophic deficiency(HGF),vascular injury(VEGF-D),and autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction(cathepsin D)were also increased.At the gene level,the differential expression of transc ription-related factors(REST)and microRNAs(miR-132)also affects RNA splicing,transport,and translation.These pathological changes contribute to neural loss and synaptic dysfunction.The data confirm that the above-mentioned core molecules and additional ris k-related factors in blood exosomes can serve as candidate biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease.These findings support further development of exosome biomarkers for a clinical blood test for Alzheimer's disease.This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(Registration No.CRD4200173498,28/04/2020).
基金supported by The Capital health Development Research Project [2020-1-4039]Key Program for Clinical Projects of Hospital [BYSY2018002]。
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation of an ultrasonic scoring system with intraoperative blood loss(IBL) in placenta accreta spectrum(PAS) disorders.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2015 and November 2019.Clinical data for patients with PAS have been obtained from medical records. Generalized additive models were used to explore the nonlinear relationships between ultrasonic scores and IBL. Logistic regressions were used to determine the differences in the risk of IBL ≥ 1,500 m L among groups with different ultrasonic scores.Results A total of 332 patients participated in the analysis. Generalized additive models showed a significant positive correlation between score and blood loss. The amount of IBL was increased due to the rise in the ultrasonic score. All cases were divided into three groups according to the scores(low score group: ≤ 6 points, n = 147;median score group: 7-9 points, n = 126;and high score group: ≥ 10 points, n = 59). Compared with the low score group, the high score group showed a higher risk of IBL≥ 1,500 m L [odds ratio, 15.09;95% confidence interval(3.85, 59.19);P ≤ 0.001] after a multivariable adjustment.Conclusions The risk of blood loss equal to or greater than 1,500 m L increases further when ultrasonic score greater than or equal to 10 points, the preparation for transfusion and referral mechanism should be considered.
