Redistricting is the process of grouping all census blocks within a region to form larger subdivisions, or districts. The process is typically subject to some hard rules and some (soft) preferences to improve fairness...Redistricting is the process of grouping all census blocks within a region to form larger subdivisions, or districts. The process is typically subject to some hard rules and some (soft) preferences to improve fairness of the solution. Achieving public consensus on the fairness of proposed redistricting plans is highly desirable. Unfortunately, fair redistricting is an NP hard optimization problem. The complexity of the process makes it even more challenging to convince the public of the fairness of the proposed solution. This paper proposes a completely transparent blockchain based strategy to promote public participation in the redistricting process, to increase public confidence in the outcome of the process. The proposed approach is based on the fact that one does not have to worry about how the NP hard problem was solved, as long as it is possible for anyone to compute a “goodness” metric for the proposed plan. In the proposed approach, anyone can submit a plan along with the expected metric. Only the plan with the best claimed metric needs to be evaluated in a blockchain network.展开更多
The ultimate aim of a smart city is to enhance the quality of life for its residents and businesses through modern technologies in order to reduce resource deterioration and maintain overall costs. From this perspecti...The ultimate aim of a smart city is to enhance the quality of life for its residents and businesses through modern technologies in order to reduce resource deterioration and maintain overall costs. From this perspective, blockchain is one of these technologies that has received much attention during the recent years as it offers new alternatives for individuals and institutions in the smart city context. This study aims to explore the potential and contribution of blockchain in smart cities by studying and reviewing the literature of scientific research on the concept and fundamentals of blockchain, involving its most practical applications. In addition, it summarizes worldwide examples of success in using blockchain as well as exploring the challenges and opportunities related to this technology in smart cities. Thus, this study provides a useful reference for researchers to review all about the new blockchain technology.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to analyze the sharing and management of files in a tertiary institution using blockchain architecture. It is expected to enable an online system that could provide a decentralized architectur...The aim of this paper is to analyze the sharing and management of files in a tertiary institution using blockchain architecture. It is expected to enable an online system that could provide a decentralized architecture for multiple transfers and sharing of files amongst participants, to design a system that can provide data integrity and security of files using IBM Blockchain technology, to provide a system that can allow multiple user and multiple transactions at once. The research was motivated because of the security challenges associated with existing system which include: delay in transfer and sharing of files, much authority and task given to a single user in a centralized system, high risk of attack and loss of files, reduced speed of file transfer and file access/retrieval, limited number of users per time. Methodology adopted was Object Oriented Analysis Design Methodology (OOADM) in conjunction with Unified Modeling Language (UML) and IBM Blockchain Technology while the programming language used was HTML, CSS, Java and Node Js. The result after design was a decentralized cloud based file sharing and management system that enables multi-shared, replicated and permissioned transactions amongst participants in a network.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 21<sup>st</sup> Century is all about technology. People are open to accepting new technologies as the need for modernization is increasing every singl...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 21<sup>st</sup> Century is all about technology. People are open to accepting new technologies as the need for modernization is increasing every single day. Blockchain is one of those new and revolutionary technologies that will have a significant impact on the market and industry. In layman’s terms, Blockchain is a data structure that stores transactional records while also ensuring security, transparency, and decentralization. There is a digital signature on every transaction on a blockchain, which proves the authenticity of the blockchain. In a Blockchain, data is stored which is tamper-proof and cannot be changed as it uses encryption and digital signatures. To change a record on a blockchain, one needs to change several records, and one needs to change the distributed ledger. That’s why it’s quite impossible to change the data which has already been entered into a Blockchain. The Blockchain is a technology that will allow transactions simply, safely, effectively, and also safely. This is a very promising technology. It’s already in a lot of places. It can also solve any problem in the banking sector. This technology became famous after introducing the first cryptocurrency, which is known as bitcoin. Right now, there is a huge problem with banking, and the Blockchain can solve these problems. This paper will demonstrate transacting over a secure, blockchain-based network and therefore eliminate the need for intermediary entities. This paper is a review-based paper that provides the application and opportunities of the Blockchain in the banking system. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the application and opportunities of the Blockchain for a secure banking system. In this review investigation and analysis of this paper at the beginning, related work from other authors in the same fields has been discussed. Then the working method of the Blockchain technology has been introduced with analysis. The use of blockchain technology for secure banking has been discussed. The main achievement of this paper is to demonstrate how the Blockchain works and how it can be useful in the secure banking industry.</span>展开更多
文摘Redistricting is the process of grouping all census blocks within a region to form larger subdivisions, or districts. The process is typically subject to some hard rules and some (soft) preferences to improve fairness of the solution. Achieving public consensus on the fairness of proposed redistricting plans is highly desirable. Unfortunately, fair redistricting is an NP hard optimization problem. The complexity of the process makes it even more challenging to convince the public of the fairness of the proposed solution. This paper proposes a completely transparent blockchain based strategy to promote public participation in the redistricting process, to increase public confidence in the outcome of the process. The proposed approach is based on the fact that one does not have to worry about how the NP hard problem was solved, as long as it is possible for anyone to compute a “goodness” metric for the proposed plan. In the proposed approach, anyone can submit a plan along with the expected metric. Only the plan with the best claimed metric needs to be evaluated in a blockchain network.
文摘The ultimate aim of a smart city is to enhance the quality of life for its residents and businesses through modern technologies in order to reduce resource deterioration and maintain overall costs. From this perspective, blockchain is one of these technologies that has received much attention during the recent years as it offers new alternatives for individuals and institutions in the smart city context. This study aims to explore the potential and contribution of blockchain in smart cities by studying and reviewing the literature of scientific research on the concept and fundamentals of blockchain, involving its most practical applications. In addition, it summarizes worldwide examples of success in using blockchain as well as exploring the challenges and opportunities related to this technology in smart cities. Thus, this study provides a useful reference for researchers to review all about the new blockchain technology.
文摘The aim of this paper is to analyze the sharing and management of files in a tertiary institution using blockchain architecture. It is expected to enable an online system that could provide a decentralized architecture for multiple transfers and sharing of files amongst participants, to design a system that can provide data integrity and security of files using IBM Blockchain technology, to provide a system that can allow multiple user and multiple transactions at once. The research was motivated because of the security challenges associated with existing system which include: delay in transfer and sharing of files, much authority and task given to a single user in a centralized system, high risk of attack and loss of files, reduced speed of file transfer and file access/retrieval, limited number of users per time. Methodology adopted was Object Oriented Analysis Design Methodology (OOADM) in conjunction with Unified Modeling Language (UML) and IBM Blockchain Technology while the programming language used was HTML, CSS, Java and Node Js. The result after design was a decentralized cloud based file sharing and management system that enables multi-shared, replicated and permissioned transactions amongst participants in a network.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 21<sup>st</sup> Century is all about technology. People are open to accepting new technologies as the need for modernization is increasing every single day. Blockchain is one of those new and revolutionary technologies that will have a significant impact on the market and industry. In layman’s terms, Blockchain is a data structure that stores transactional records while also ensuring security, transparency, and decentralization. There is a digital signature on every transaction on a blockchain, which proves the authenticity of the blockchain. In a Blockchain, data is stored which is tamper-proof and cannot be changed as it uses encryption and digital signatures. To change a record on a blockchain, one needs to change several records, and one needs to change the distributed ledger. That’s why it’s quite impossible to change the data which has already been entered into a Blockchain. The Blockchain is a technology that will allow transactions simply, safely, effectively, and also safely. This is a very promising technology. It’s already in a lot of places. It can also solve any problem in the banking sector. This technology became famous after introducing the first cryptocurrency, which is known as bitcoin. Right now, there is a huge problem with banking, and the Blockchain can solve these problems. This paper will demonstrate transacting over a secure, blockchain-based network and therefore eliminate the need for intermediary entities. This paper is a review-based paper that provides the application and opportunities of the Blockchain in the banking system. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the application and opportunities of the Blockchain for a secure banking system. In this review investigation and analysis of this paper at the beginning, related work from other authors in the same fields has been discussed. Then the working method of the Blockchain technology has been introduced with analysis. The use of blockchain technology for secure banking has been discussed. The main achievement of this paper is to demonstrate how the Blockchain works and how it can be useful in the secure banking industry.</span>
