目的探讨星状神经节阻滞(SGB)通过长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)牛磺酸上调基因1(TUG1)-NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)轴在体外脑缺血再灌注模型中对炎症反应和自噬溶酶体形成的调节作用。方法培养大鼠海马神经元细胞系H19-7,并将细...目的探讨星状神经节阻滞(SGB)通过长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)牛磺酸上调基因1(TUG1)-NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)轴在体外脑缺血再灌注模型中对炎症反应和自噬溶酶体形成的调节作用。方法培养大鼠海马神经元细胞系H19-7,并将细胞分为8组:(i)正常对照组:正常培养的神经元细胞;(ii)氧-糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)组:采用氧-糖剥夺/复氧法模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤;(iii)OGD/R+SGB组:OGD/R联合麻醉药0.5%布比卡因用于体外模拟SGB;(iv)OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达阴性对照组:OGD/R联合布比卡因并联合TUG1过表达阴性对照质粒转染细胞;(v)OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达组:OGD/R联合布比卡因并联合TUG1过表达质粒转染细胞;(vi)OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达+MCC950组:OGD/R联合布比卡因、TUG1过表达质粒转染及NLRP3抑制剂MCC950处理细胞;(vii)OGD/R+TUG1过表达组:OGD/R联合TUG1过表达质粒转染细胞;(viii)OGD/R+MCC950组:OGD/R联合NLRP3抑制剂MCC950处理细胞。进一步通过实时定量PCR(Quantitative Real Time PCR,qRTPCR)实验检测细胞中lncRNATUG1的表达;利用Western blot法检测细胞中NLRP3、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)-I、LC3-II、自噬相关基因5(Atg5)、苄氯素1(beclin1)、自噬接头蛋白(p62)、溶酶体相关膜蛋白1(LAMP1)的表达水平;利用透射电镜(TEM)检测自噬溶酶体的数量;并用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,OGD/R组lncRNA TUG1、NLRP3、Atg5、beclin1、p62、LAMP1的表达水平以及LC3-II/I比值均显著上调(^(均)P<0.05),自噬溶酶体数量增加(P<0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α的含量显著升高(^(均)P<0.05)。与OGD/R组相比,OGD/R+SGB组的上述指标均显著下调(P<0.05)。与OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达阴性对照组相比,OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达组的lncRNA TUG1、NLRP3、Atg5、beclin1、p62、LAMP1的表达水平以及LC3-II/I比值均显著上调(^(均)P<0.05),自噬溶酶体数量增加(P<0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α的含量显著升高(^(均)P<0.05),然而,加入NLRP3的抑制剂MCC950后,除lncRNA TUG1外其余指标均显著下调(^(均)P<0.05)。另外,与OGD/R组比,OGD/R+TUG1过表达组的上述指标进一步上调(^(均)P<0.05)。与OGD/R组比,OGD/R+MCC950组则抑制了除lncRNA TUG1外的其余指标(^(均)P<0.05)。结论星状神经节阻滞通过调节lncRNA TUG1-NLRP3轴有效减轻体外脑缺血再灌注损伤引起的炎症反应和自噬溶酶体形成,提示其可能作为治疗缺血性脑损伤的潜在策略。展开更多
Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to ...Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to the degradation of image.This paper presents a fusion framework based on block-matching and 3D(BM3D) multi-scale transform. The algorithm first divides the image into different blocks and groups these 2D image blocks into 3D arrays by their similarity. Then it uses a 3D transform which consists of a 2D multi-scale and a 1D transform to transfer the arrays into transform coefficients, and then the obtained low-and high-coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The final fused image is obtained from a series of fused 3D image block groups after the inverse transform by using an aggregation process. In the experimental part, we comparatively analyze some existing algorithms and the using of different transforms, e.g. non-subsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT), non-subsampled Shearlet transform(NSST), in the 3D transform step. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion framework can not only improve subjective visual effect, but also obtain better objective evaluation criteria than state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal support.Th...A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal support.The center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric center.As seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are used.The study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer results.In fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe results.In particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.展开更多
In this research, a method called ANNMG is presented to integrate Artificial Neural Networks and Geostatistics for optimum mineral reserve evaluation. The word ANNMG simply means Artificial Neural Network Model integr...In this research, a method called ANNMG is presented to integrate Artificial Neural Networks and Geostatistics for optimum mineral reserve evaluation. The word ANNMG simply means Artificial Neural Network Model integrated with Geostatiscs, In this procedure, the Artificial Neural Network was trained, tested and validated using assay values obtained from exploratory drillholes. Next, the validated model was used to generalize mineral grades at known and unknown sampled locations inside the drilling region respectively. Finally, the reproduced and generalized assay values were combined and fed to geostatistics in order to develop a geological 3D block model. The regression analysis revealed that the predicted sample grades were in close proximity to the actual sample grades, The generalized grades from the ANNMG show that this process could be used to complement exploration activities thereby reducing drilling requirement. It could also be an effective mineral reserve evaluation method that could oroduce optimum block model for mine design.展开更多
Complicated geological structures make it difficult to analyze the stability of rock slopes, such as faults, weak intercalated layers or joint fissures. Based on 3D geological modeling and surface block identifying me...Complicated geological structures make it difficult to analyze the stability of rock slopes, such as faults, weak intercalated layers or joint fissures. Based on 3D geological modeling and surface block identifying methods, an integrated methodology framework was proposed and realized to analyze the stability of surface blocks in rock slopes. The surface blocks cut by geological structures, fissures or free faces could be identified subjected to the four principles of closure, completeness, uniqueness and validity. The factor of safety(FOS)of single key block was calculated by the limit equilibrium method. If there were two or more connected blocks, they were defined as a block-group. The FOS of a block-group was computed by the Sarma method. The proposed approach was applied to an actual rock slope of a hydropower project, and some possible instable blocks were demonstrated and analyzed visually. The obtained results on the key blocks or block-groups provide essential information for determining potential instable region of rock slopes and designing effective support scheme in advance.展开更多
Shape control of mesoporous carbon microparticles(MCMPs)is of critical importance;in particular,asymmetric shapes that can yield unique properties have attracted significant attention.However,the tailored synthesis of...Shape control of mesoporous carbon microparticles(MCMPs)is of critical importance;in particular,asymmetric shapes that can yield unique properties have attracted significant attention.However,the tailored synthesis of asymmetric MCMPs with ordered structures remains challenging.Herein,we report a facile route to prepare asymmetric MCMPs by dynamic neutral interface-guided 3D-confined self-assembly(3D-CSA)of block copolymer/homopolymer(BCP/hP)blends,followed by a self-templated selective direct carbonization strategy.BCP/h P Janus microparticles with ordered hierarchical mesostructures were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation-induced 3D-CSA.The continuous phase of BCP domains was then crosslinked.Composite asymmetric MCMPs are successfully generated after selective carbonization of the crosslinked continuous phase.This method allows tuning the shape of MCMPs easily by varying the blending ratio of BCP/h P.The composite asymmetric MCMPs combine the advantages of asymmetric shape,ordered structure,high specific surface area,chemical inertness and thermal stability and could provide great possibilities for applications in catalysis,drug delivery,energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reve...Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.展开更多
This research is focused on the analysis of the sequence stratigraphic units of F3 Block,within a wave-dominated delta of Plio–Pleistocene age.Three wells of F3 block and a 3D seismic data,are utilized in this resear...This research is focused on the analysis of the sequence stratigraphic units of F3 Block,within a wave-dominated delta of Plio–Pleistocene age.Three wells of F3 block and a 3D seismic data,are utilized in this research.The conventional techniques of 3D seismic interpretation were utilized to mark the 11 surfaces on the seismic section.Integration of seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation,using well logs,and subsequent 3D geostatistical modeling,using seismic data,aided to evaluate the shallow hydrocarbon traps.The resulting models were obtained using System Tract and Facies models,which were generated by using sequential stimulation method and their variograms made by spherical method,moreover,these models are validated via histograms.The CDF curve generated from upscaling of well logs using geometric method,shows a good relation with less percentage of errors(1 to 2 for Facies and 3 to 4 for System Tract models)between upscaled and raw data that complements the resulted models.These approaches help us to delineate the best possible reservoir,lateral extent of system tracts(LST and/or HST)in the respective surface,and distribution of sand and shale in the delta.The clinoform break points alteration observed on seismic sections,also validates the sequence stratigraphic interpretation.The GR log-based Facies model and sequence stratigraphy-based System Tract model of SU-04-2 showed the reservoir characteristics,presence of sand bodies and majorly LST,respectively,mainly adjacent to the main fault of the studied area.Moreover,on the seismic section,SU-04-2 exhibits the presence of gas pockets at the same location that also complements the generated Facies and System Tract models.The generated models can be utilized for any similar kind of study and for the further research in the F3 block reservoir characterization.展开更多
Block adjustment for satellite images cannot be solved with weak convergence geometric conditions,therefore a plane block adjustment method to improve the targeting precision of images is proposed utilizing DEM as hei...Block adjustment for satellite images cannot be solved with weak convergence geometric conditions,therefore a plane block adjustment method to improve the targeting precision of images is proposed utilizing DEM as height constraint plane block adjustment method.First,a rational function model with affine transformation is selected as the mathematical model of the satellite image plane block adjustment.Second,to update the ground coordinates of tie points(TPs),the plane coordinates of TPs are only solved in the adjustment process.Elevation values are obtained by using DEM interpolation.Finally,the plane coordinates of all TPs and orientation parameters of all satellite images are solved through plane block adjustment with a few ground control points ZY-3 nadir images for two regions are tested for plane block adjustment while ZY-3 forward-nadir-back images of the same two regions are tested for stereo block adjustment.A comparison indicates that almost the same accuracy can be obtained with plane block adjustment support using a 1∶50 000 DEM and stereo block adjustment for ZY-3 images.For ZY-3 nadir images,almost no loss of plane block adjustment accuracy occurred when global DEM with 1 km grid and SRTM with 90 m grid replaced the 1∶50 000 DEM as elevation control,.Test results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the plane block adjustment method.展开更多
The San Rafael Block(SRB)is part of one of the main retroarc volcanic provinces in southern Central Andes in Mendoza,Argentina.This block is located in the Andean foothills between the orogenic front and foreland base...The San Rafael Block(SRB)is part of one of the main retroarc volcanic provinces in southern Central Andes in Mendoza,Argentina.This block is located in the Andean foothills between the orogenic front and foreland basement uplifts of late Miocene age.In order to analyze the geochronological evolution of the Quaternary volcanism in the region,several geologic and geophysical studies have been conducted.Nevertheless,the crust,where the SRB is located,has not been well characterized yet.Based on gravimetric and magnetic data,together with isostatic and elastic thickness analyses,we modeled the crustal structure of the area.Information obtained has allowed us to understand the crust where the SRB and the Payenia volcanic province are located.Bouguer anomalies indicate that the SRB presents higher densities to the North of Cerro Nevado and Moho calculations suggest depths for this block between 40 and 50 km.Determinations of elastic thickness would indicate that the crust supporting the San Rafael Block presents values of approximately 10 km,being enough to support the block loading.However,in the Payenia region,elastic thickness values are close to zero due to the regional temperature increase.展开更多
A novel kind of copolymer with ABA-type block structure was synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of beta-butyrolactone (beta-BL) in the presence of a PEG-based dicarboxylates as macroinitiators which wer...A novel kind of copolymer with ABA-type block structure was synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of beta-butyrolactone (beta-BL) in the presence of a PEG-based dicarboxylates as macroinitiators which were prepared by the esterification of aliphatic cyclic anhydride and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers (M-n = 2000, 4000 and 6000) and conversion of potassium dicarboxylates. The resultant copolymers as well as the intermediates were characterized by IR, H-1-NMR and GPC.展开更多
Two chiral building blocks 1 and 2 for anti-and syn-1, 3-diols has been achieved in 8 steps and 7 steps respectively, starting from the readily available and inexpensive D (+)-xylose 3.
A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to affo...A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to afford useful CF_3-containing intermediates in good yield.展开更多
A rod-rod diblock copolymer (diBCP), poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(furfuryl isocyanate)(P3HT-b-PFIC), was synthesized through the anionic polymerization with an oxyanionic macroinitiator of P3HT. The properties of...A rod-rod diblock copolymer (diBCP), poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(furfuryl isocyanate)(P3HT-b-PFIC), was synthesized through the anionic polymerization with an oxyanionic macroinitiator of P3HT. The properties of the diBCP (molecular weight, dispersity, composition, thermal stability, UV-visible absorption, and thin film morphology) were determined by various analytical methods. P3HT-b-PFIC was blended with C60 in a toluene solution to prepare a thin film of binary electron donor/acceptor system. Such blending enabled partial conjugation of the two components by the Diels-Alder reaction between furan and C60 at 60℃ for 3 h;the mixture was then spin-cast as a thin film, and annealed at 250℃ for 24 h. Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that P3HT and C60 domains had nanoscale interfaces without a large phase segregation. This result indicated that the microphase separation of C60-functionalized P3HT-b-PFIC preserved even at high temperature provided free C60 molecules with channels to diffuse on the sides of P3HT domain, thus preventing the macroscopic crystallization of free C60 through the interfacial stabilization.展开更多
文摘目的探讨星状神经节阻滞(SGB)通过长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)牛磺酸上调基因1(TUG1)-NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)轴在体外脑缺血再灌注模型中对炎症反应和自噬溶酶体形成的调节作用。方法培养大鼠海马神经元细胞系H19-7,并将细胞分为8组:(i)正常对照组:正常培养的神经元细胞;(ii)氧-糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)组:采用氧-糖剥夺/复氧法模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤;(iii)OGD/R+SGB组:OGD/R联合麻醉药0.5%布比卡因用于体外模拟SGB;(iv)OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达阴性对照组:OGD/R联合布比卡因并联合TUG1过表达阴性对照质粒转染细胞;(v)OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达组:OGD/R联合布比卡因并联合TUG1过表达质粒转染细胞;(vi)OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达+MCC950组:OGD/R联合布比卡因、TUG1过表达质粒转染及NLRP3抑制剂MCC950处理细胞;(vii)OGD/R+TUG1过表达组:OGD/R联合TUG1过表达质粒转染细胞;(viii)OGD/R+MCC950组:OGD/R联合NLRP3抑制剂MCC950处理细胞。进一步通过实时定量PCR(Quantitative Real Time PCR,qRTPCR)实验检测细胞中lncRNATUG1的表达;利用Western blot法检测细胞中NLRP3、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)-I、LC3-II、自噬相关基因5(Atg5)、苄氯素1(beclin1)、自噬接头蛋白(p62)、溶酶体相关膜蛋白1(LAMP1)的表达水平;利用透射电镜(TEM)检测自噬溶酶体的数量;并用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,OGD/R组lncRNA TUG1、NLRP3、Atg5、beclin1、p62、LAMP1的表达水平以及LC3-II/I比值均显著上调(^(均)P<0.05),自噬溶酶体数量增加(P<0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α的含量显著升高(^(均)P<0.05)。与OGD/R组相比,OGD/R+SGB组的上述指标均显著下调(P<0.05)。与OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达阴性对照组相比,OGD/R+SGB+TUG1过表达组的lncRNA TUG1、NLRP3、Atg5、beclin1、p62、LAMP1的表达水平以及LC3-II/I比值均显著上调(^(均)P<0.05),自噬溶酶体数量增加(P<0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α的含量显著升高(^(均)P<0.05),然而,加入NLRP3的抑制剂MCC950后,除lncRNA TUG1外其余指标均显著下调(^(均)P<0.05)。另外,与OGD/R组比,OGD/R+TUG1过表达组的上述指标进一步上调(^(均)P<0.05)。与OGD/R组比,OGD/R+MCC950组则抑制了除lncRNA TUG1外的其余指标(^(均)P<0.05)。结论星状神经节阻滞通过调节lncRNA TUG1-NLRP3轴有效减轻体外脑缺血再灌注损伤引起的炎症反应和自噬溶酶体形成,提示其可能作为治疗缺血性脑损伤的潜在策略。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6157206361401308)+6 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2016YJS039)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2016201142F2016201187)the Natural Social Foundation of Hebei Province(HB15TQ015)the Science Research Project of Hebei Province(QN2016085ZC2016040)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei University(2014-303)
文摘Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to the degradation of image.This paper presents a fusion framework based on block-matching and 3D(BM3D) multi-scale transform. The algorithm first divides the image into different blocks and groups these 2D image blocks into 3D arrays by their similarity. Then it uses a 3D transform which consists of a 2D multi-scale and a 1D transform to transfer the arrays into transform coefficients, and then the obtained low-and high-coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The final fused image is obtained from a series of fused 3D image block groups after the inverse transform by using an aggregation process. In the experimental part, we comparatively analyze some existing algorithms and the using of different transforms, e.g. non-subsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT), non-subsampled Shearlet transform(NSST), in the 3D transform step. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion framework can not only improve subjective visual effect, but also obtain better objective evaluation criteria than state-of-the-art methods.
基金partially funded by FY 2009-2010 PRIN–Italian Ministry for Research
文摘A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal support.The center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric center.As seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are used.The study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer results.In fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe results.In particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.
基金the management of Sierra Rutile Company for providing the drillhole dataset used in this studythe Japanese Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MEXT) Scholarship for academic funding
文摘In this research, a method called ANNMG is presented to integrate Artificial Neural Networks and Geostatistics for optimum mineral reserve evaluation. The word ANNMG simply means Artificial Neural Network Model integrated with Geostatiscs, In this procedure, the Artificial Neural Network was trained, tested and validated using assay values obtained from exploratory drillholes. Next, the validated model was used to generalize mineral grades at known and unknown sampled locations inside the drilling region respectively. Finally, the reproduced and generalized assay values were combined and fed to geostatistics in order to develop a geological 3D block model. The regression analysis revealed that the predicted sample grades were in close proximity to the actual sample grades, The generalized grades from the ANNMG show that this process could be used to complement exploration activities thereby reducing drilling requirement. It could also be an effective mineral reserve evaluation method that could oroduce optimum block model for mine design.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51379006 and No.51321065)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(NCET-12-0404)
文摘Complicated geological structures make it difficult to analyze the stability of rock slopes, such as faults, weak intercalated layers or joint fissures. Based on 3D geological modeling and surface block identifying methods, an integrated methodology framework was proposed and realized to analyze the stability of surface blocks in rock slopes. The surface blocks cut by geological structures, fissures or free faces could be identified subjected to the four principles of closure, completeness, uniqueness and validity. The factor of safety(FOS)of single key block was calculated by the limit equilibrium method. If there were two or more connected blocks, they were defined as a block-group. The FOS of a block-group was computed by the Sarma method. The proposed approach was applied to an actual rock slope of a hydropower project, and some possible instable blocks were demonstrated and analyzed visually. The obtained results on the key blocks or block-groups provide essential information for determining potential instable region of rock slopes and designing effective support scheme in advance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003094 and 52273010)。
文摘Shape control of mesoporous carbon microparticles(MCMPs)is of critical importance;in particular,asymmetric shapes that can yield unique properties have attracted significant attention.However,the tailored synthesis of asymmetric MCMPs with ordered structures remains challenging.Herein,we report a facile route to prepare asymmetric MCMPs by dynamic neutral interface-guided 3D-confined self-assembly(3D-CSA)of block copolymer/homopolymer(BCP/hP)blends,followed by a self-templated selective direct carbonization strategy.BCP/h P Janus microparticles with ordered hierarchical mesostructures were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation-induced 3D-CSA.The continuous phase of BCP domains was then crosslinked.Composite asymmetric MCMPs are successfully generated after selective carbonization of the crosslinked continuous phase.This method allows tuning the shape of MCMPs easily by varying the blending ratio of BCP/h P.The composite asymmetric MCMPs combine the advantages of asymmetric shape,ordered structure,high specific surface area,chemical inertness and thermal stability and could provide great possibilities for applications in catalysis,drug delivery,energy conversion and storage.
基金Sponsored by the Strategic Japanese-Chinese Cooperation Program (Grant No.2011DFA91210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.HIT.NSRIF.2014075),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.HIT.KISTP.201419)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No.E201316)
文摘Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.
文摘This research is focused on the analysis of the sequence stratigraphic units of F3 Block,within a wave-dominated delta of Plio–Pleistocene age.Three wells of F3 block and a 3D seismic data,are utilized in this research.The conventional techniques of 3D seismic interpretation were utilized to mark the 11 surfaces on the seismic section.Integration of seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation,using well logs,and subsequent 3D geostatistical modeling,using seismic data,aided to evaluate the shallow hydrocarbon traps.The resulting models were obtained using System Tract and Facies models,which were generated by using sequential stimulation method and their variograms made by spherical method,moreover,these models are validated via histograms.The CDF curve generated from upscaling of well logs using geometric method,shows a good relation with less percentage of errors(1 to 2 for Facies and 3 to 4 for System Tract models)between upscaled and raw data that complements the resulted models.These approaches help us to delineate the best possible reservoir,lateral extent of system tracts(LST and/or HST)in the respective surface,and distribution of sand and shale in the delta.The clinoform break points alteration observed on seismic sections,also validates the sequence stratigraphic interpretation.The GR log-based Facies model and sequence stratigraphy-based System Tract model of SU-04-2 showed the reservoir characteristics,presence of sand bodies and majorly LST,respectively,mainly adjacent to the main fault of the studied area.Moreover,on the seismic section,SU-04-2 exhibits the presence of gas pockets at the same location that also complements the generated Facies and System Tract models.The generated models can be utilized for any similar kind of study and for the further research in the F3 block reservoir characterization.
文摘Block adjustment for satellite images cannot be solved with weak convergence geometric conditions,therefore a plane block adjustment method to improve the targeting precision of images is proposed utilizing DEM as height constraint plane block adjustment method.First,a rational function model with affine transformation is selected as the mathematical model of the satellite image plane block adjustment.Second,to update the ground coordinates of tie points(TPs),the plane coordinates of TPs are only solved in the adjustment process.Elevation values are obtained by using DEM interpolation.Finally,the plane coordinates of all TPs and orientation parameters of all satellite images are solved through plane block adjustment with a few ground control points ZY-3 nadir images for two regions are tested for plane block adjustment while ZY-3 forward-nadir-back images of the same two regions are tested for stereo block adjustment.A comparison indicates that almost the same accuracy can be obtained with plane block adjustment support using a 1∶50 000 DEM and stereo block adjustment for ZY-3 images.For ZY-3 nadir images,almost no loss of plane block adjustment accuracy occurred when global DEM with 1 km grid and SRTM with 90 m grid replaced the 1∶50 000 DEM as elevation control,.Test results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the plane block adjustment method.
文摘The San Rafael Block(SRB)is part of one of the main retroarc volcanic provinces in southern Central Andes in Mendoza,Argentina.This block is located in the Andean foothills between the orogenic front and foreland basement uplifts of late Miocene age.In order to analyze the geochronological evolution of the Quaternary volcanism in the region,several geologic and geophysical studies have been conducted.Nevertheless,the crust,where the SRB is located,has not been well characterized yet.Based on gravimetric and magnetic data,together with isostatic and elastic thickness analyses,we modeled the crustal structure of the area.Information obtained has allowed us to understand the crust where the SRB and the Payenia volcanic province are located.Bouguer anomalies indicate that the SRB presents higher densities to the North of Cerro Nevado and Moho calculations suggest depths for this block between 40 and 50 km.Determinations of elastic thickness would indicate that the crust supporting the San Rafael Block presents values of approximately 10 km,being enough to support the block loading.However,in the Payenia region,elastic thickness values are close to zero due to the regional temperature increase.
文摘A novel kind of copolymer with ABA-type block structure was synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of beta-butyrolactone (beta-BL) in the presence of a PEG-based dicarboxylates as macroinitiators which were prepared by the esterification of aliphatic cyclic anhydride and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers (M-n = 2000, 4000 and 6000) and conversion of potassium dicarboxylates. The resultant copolymers as well as the intermediates were characterized by IR, H-1-NMR and GPC.
文摘Two chiral building blocks 1 and 2 for anti-and syn-1, 3-diols has been achieved in 8 steps and 7 steps respectively, starting from the readily available and inexpensive D (+)-xylose 3.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to afford useful CF_3-containing intermediates in good yield.
基金financially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Nos. NRF-2015R1A2A1A01002493 and NRF-2018R1A2B6003616)supported by “Nobel Research Project” grant for Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis funded by the GIST in 2019
文摘A rod-rod diblock copolymer (diBCP), poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(furfuryl isocyanate)(P3HT-b-PFIC), was synthesized through the anionic polymerization with an oxyanionic macroinitiator of P3HT. The properties of the diBCP (molecular weight, dispersity, composition, thermal stability, UV-visible absorption, and thin film morphology) were determined by various analytical methods. P3HT-b-PFIC was blended with C60 in a toluene solution to prepare a thin film of binary electron donor/acceptor system. Such blending enabled partial conjugation of the two components by the Diels-Alder reaction between furan and C60 at 60℃ for 3 h;the mixture was then spin-cast as a thin film, and annealed at 250℃ for 24 h. Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that P3HT and C60 domains had nanoscale interfaces without a large phase segregation. This result indicated that the microphase separation of C60-functionalized P3HT-b-PFIC preserved even at high temperature provided free C60 molecules with channels to diffuse on the sides of P3HT domain, thus preventing the macroscopic crystallization of free C60 through the interfacial stabilization.
