In this research highlight,recent significant advances with hot-assisted blade-coating or air knife-assisted blade-coating of different perovskite compositions with bandgaps ranging from 1.3 eV to 1.9 eV(i.e.widebandg...In this research highlight,recent significant advances with hot-assisted blade-coating or air knife-assisted blade-coating of different perovskite compositions with bandgaps ranging from 1.3 eV to 1.9 eV(i.e.widebandgap or small-bandgap perovskites with mixed cations and anions,2D/3D perovskites,Pb/Sn binary perovskites,and all-inorganic perovskites)for single-junction or tandem PSCs are discussed,with an emphasis on elucidating the distinct ink formulation engineering strategies,crystal growth mechanisms,crystallization kinetics,and optoelectronic properties of the different perovskite compositions.展开更多
Formamidinium lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))is a research hotspot in perovskite photovoltaics due to its broad light absorption and proper thermal stability.However,quite a few researches focused on the stability of the FA...Formamidinium lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))is a research hotspot in perovskite photovoltaics due to its broad light absorption and proper thermal stability.However,quite a few researches focused on the stability of the FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solutions.Besides,the most efficient FAPbI_(3) layers are prepared by the spin-coating method,which is limited to the size of the device.Herein,the stability of FAPbI_(3) perovskite solution with methylammonium chloride(MACl)or cesium chloride(CsCl)additive is studied for preparing perovskite film through an upscalable blade-coating method.Each additive works well for achieving a high-quality FAPbI_(3) film,resulting in efficient carbon electrode perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)in the ambient condition.However,the perovskite solution with MACl additive shows poor aging stability that noα-FAPbI_(3) phase is observed when the solution is aged over one week.While the perovskite solution with CsCl additive shows promising aging stability that it still forms high-quality pureα-FAPbI_(3) perovskite film even the solution is aged over one month.During the solution aging process,the MACl could be decomposed into methylamine which will form some unfavored intermediated phase inducingδ-phase FAPbI_(3).Whereas,replacing MACl with CsCl could effectively solve this issue.Our founding shows that there is a great need to develop a non-MACl FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solution for cost-effective preparation of pero-SCs.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)and large-area perovskite color conversion layers for liquid crystal display exhibit great potential in the field of illumination and display.Blade-coating method s...Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)and large-area perovskite color conversion layers for liquid crystal display exhibit great potential in the field of illumination and display.Blade-coating method stands out as a highly suitable technique for fabricating large-scale films,albeit with challenges such as uneven nucleation coverage and non-uniformity crystallization process.In this work,we developed an in-situ characterization measurement system to monitor the perovskite nucleation,and crystallization process.By incorporating formamidine acetate(FAAc)into perovskite precursor solutions,the nucleation rate and nuclei density of perovskite were increased,leading to more uniform nucleation.In addition,we inserted a layer of[2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid above the poly(9-vinylcarbazole)hole transport layer.This layer acts as an anchor for the perovskite nano-crystal nuclei formed in the precursor,enhancing the steric hindrance of the solute and subsequently slowing down the crystal growth rate,thereby improving crystal quality.Based on these improvements,large-area perovskite nano-polycrystalline films with significantly improved uniformity and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield were obtained.A small-area PeLED(2 mm×2 mm)with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.91%was realized,marking the highest record of PeLED prepared by bladecoating method to date.An ultra-large-area PeLED(5 cm×7 cm)was also prepared,which is the largest PeLED prepared by the solution method reported so far.展开更多
Perovskite films have fostered significant progress in the field of optoelectronic devices,particularly in solar cells,due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and cost-effective fabrication process.As a promi...Perovskite films have fostered significant progress in the field of optoelectronic devices,particularly in solar cells,due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and cost-effective fabrication process.As a promising technique for large-scale industrial production of perovskite films,the blade-coating method has attracted wide attention because of its low cost,large-area coating capability,and simplicity.However,during the blade-coating process,perovskite films often present challenges such as poor film uniformity,high defect density,and uneven crystallization,which greatly affect the efficiency and stability of the devices.In this review,we summarize the application of blade-coating methods to the fabrication of perovskite films,with a focus on analyzing key factors affecting film quality,including precursor solution formulations,solvent characteristics,evaporation rate,crystallization kinetics,and film thickness.In particular,we discuss the impact of environmental factors on the perovskite crystallization process during blade-coating and explore how optimizing the blade-coating process and precursor solution composition can improve film uniformity and device performance.Additionally,we discuss the main challenges and shortcomings in the blade-coating preparation of perovskite films,including defects during large-area fabrication,differences in solvent evaporation rates,and their effects on crystallization quality.Strategies for addressing these issues are proposed.Finally,the prospects of the blade-coating method in large-scale production of perovskite films are outlined,emphasizing the importance of a deeper understanding of perovskite film crystallization mechanisms and the development of novel additives to enhance the performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices and accelerate their industrialization.展开更多
Sidechain engineering as an efficient and convenient strategy has been widely used to optimize molecular structure of photovoltaic materials for boosting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).He...Sidechain engineering as an efficient and convenient strategy has been widely used to optimize molecular structure of photovoltaic materials for boosting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,a new Y-series acceptor named Y-Th Si with trialkylsilyl-substituted thiophene as conjugated sidechain is developed.Compared with its parental Y6 with multiple intermolecular interactions,Y-Th Si has a unitary molecular packing due to the additional steric hindrance from twodimensional(2D)-conjugated trialkylsilyl-thiophene.Therefore,Y-Th Si shows an obviously blue-shifted absorption with an onset of~850 nm but significantly up-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.For the PM6:Y-Th Si pair,the spin-coating OSCs achieve a decent PCE of 14.56%with an impressively high photovoltage(V_(OC))of 0.936 V.Inspired by its high V_(OC)and narrow absorption,Y-Th Si is introduced into near-infrared absorbing binary PM6:BTP-eC9 host to construct ternary OSCs.Thanks to the complementary absorption,optimized morphology,and minimized energy loss properties,the PM6:BTP-e C9:Y-Th Si-based OSCs offer a higher PCE of 18.34%.Moreover,our developed strategy can overcome the commonly existed PCE drop when the blade-coating towards large-scale printing is used instead.Therefore,a comparable PCE of 18.34%is achieved,which is one of the best values for the blade-coating OSCs so far.展开更多
Due to the characteristics of lower material waste,higher crystallinity,roll-to-roll compatibility,and high-throughput continuous processing,blade-coating has been widely applied in the preparation of large-area organ...Due to the characteristics of lower material waste,higher crystallinity,roll-to-roll compatibility,and high-throughput continuous processing,blade-coating has been widely applied in the preparation of large-area organic solar cells.In this paper,the technique of blade-coating is introduced,including the effects of blading speed,substrate temperature,and other technological innovations during the process of blade-coating.Besides,the recent progress of blade-coating in organic solar cells is summarized and the active layer prepared by a blade-coating method is introduced in detail,including materials,processing methods,solvents,and additives.The interface layer and electrodes prepared by the blade-coating method are also discussed.Finally,some perspectives on the blade-coating method are proposed.In the foreseeable future,blade-coating will become the core of batch production of large-area organic solar cells,so as to make organic solar cells more competitive.展开更多
With the continuous improvement of photovoltaic efficiency in the organic photovoltaic(OPV),interface engineering has emerged as a pivotal issue in their practical deployment.Currently,the robust crystallinity of smal...With the continuous improvement of photovoltaic efficiency in the organic photovoltaic(OPV),interface engineering has emerged as a pivotal issue in their practical deployment.Currently,the robust crystallinity of small molecule electron transport layers(ETLs)and the poor film-forming abilities of conjugated polymer ETLs are a huge obstacle in this field.Herein,an innovative and efficient nonconjugated polymer ETL,namely PNDI-SO,which contains polar cationic segments for solubility and conjugated units for efficient charge transport in stable OPV cells,is reported.Endowed with suitable energy levels and excellent electron extraction capabilities,PNDI-SO-based OPV cells attain a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.54%.Furthermore,compared with conventional OPV cells utilizing PFN-Br or PDINN,PNDI-SO substantially enhances long-term stability under continuous illumination,evidenced by a T80 lifetime(signifying retention of 80% of initial performance)exceeding 1250 h.Notably,through scanning electron microscope,we verified that PNDI-SO achieves a harmonious balance between film-forming ability and charge transport properties for ETL,enabling the blade-coating OPV based on PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9 to achieve a PCE of 17.47%.These results suggest the potential of PNDI-SO as a promising interface material for industrial printing applications in OPV fabrication.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)incorporating 2D/3D heterostructures have exhibited remarkable improvements in both power conversion efficiency and operational stability.Nevertheless,the prevalent spin-coating fabrication...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)incorporating 2D/3D heterostructures have exhibited remarkable improvements in both power conversion efficiency and operational stability.Nevertheless,the prevalent spin-coating fabrication technique presents formidable challenges for scalable manufacturing processes.Herein,we present a blade-coating compatible methodology for fabricating highperformance 2D/3D PSCs utilizing a low-volatility t-amyl alcohol(t-AmOH)-dimethylformamide(DMF)mixed solvent system.Through systematic materials characterization and comprehensive device performance analysis,we demonstrate that this approach facilitates uniform spatial distribution of butylammonium iodide(BAI)organic spacers,thereby promoting the formation of a high-quality 2D/3D perovskite architecture characterized by enhanced crystallinity and substantially reduced defect density.The optimized device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 22.25%while demonstrating exceptional operational stability,retaining 83%of its initial performance after prolonged exposure under ambient conditions(45%relative humidity)for 1000 h.展开更多
Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE dr...Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed vip acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored vip acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.展开更多
Numerous fabrication methods have been developed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells(PSCs). However, these are limited to spin-coating processes in a glove box and are yet to be commercialized. Therefore, there...Numerous fabrication methods have been developed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells(PSCs). However, these are limited to spin-coating processes in a glove box and are yet to be commercialized. Therefore, there is a need to develop a controllable and scalable deposition technique that can be carried out under ambient conditions. Even though the doctor-blade coating technique has been widely used to prepare PSCs, it is yet to be applied to high-efficiency PSCs under ambient conditions(RH ~45%, RT ~25 °C). In this study, we conducted blade-coating fabrication of modified high-efficiency PSCs under such conditions. We controlled the substrate temperature to ensure phase transition of perovskite and added dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) to the perovskite precursor solution to delay crystallization, which can facilitate the formation of uniform perovskite films by doctor-blade coating. The as-prepared perovskite films had large crystal domains measuring up to 100 μm. Solar cells prepared from these films exhibited a current density that was enhanced from 17.22 to 19.98 m A/cm^2 and an efficiency that was increased from 10.98% to 13.83%. However, the open-circuit voltage was only 0.908 V, probably due to issues with the hole-transporting layer. Subsequently, we replaced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS) with Ni O x as the hole-transporting material and then prepared higher-quality perovskite films by blade-coating under ambient conditions. The as-prepared perovskite films were preferably orientated and had large crystal domains measuring up to 200 μm;The open-circuit voltage of the resulting PSCs was enhanced from 0.908 to 1.123 V, while the efficiency increased from 13.83% to 15.34%.展开更多
All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have made significant progress recently,but few studies have been conducted to investigate the lab-to-manufacturing translation from the spin-coating method to the printing process.Her...All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have made significant progress recently,but few studies have been conducted to investigate the lab-to-manufacturing translation from the spin-coating method to the printing process.Here,the random copolymerization method and non-conjugated backbone approach are integrated to manipulate the morphology and photoelectric properties of the active layer for large-area printed all-PSCs.A series of non-conjugated terpolymer acceptors PYSe-TC_(6)T(x)(x=5,10,and 20,refers to the molar ratio of TC_(6)T unit)are developed by covalently introducing non-conjugated unit TC_(6)T into the PYSe host bipolymer by random copolymerization.The spin-coated PYSe-TC_(6)T(10)-based all-PSC demonstrates the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.54%,superior to the PYSe-based one(12.45%).More intriguingly,morphological studies reveal that a combination of the random polymerization and non-conjugated backbone strategy can effectively prevent the active layer from overaggregation and improve the film quality during the printing process,thereby minimizing the efficiency and technology gap between spin-coated small-area devices and blade-coated large-area devices.By directly using the same preparation condition of spin-coating,the blade-coated small-area(0.04 cm^(2))delivers a PCE of 12.83%and the large-area(1.21 cm^(2))device achieves a PCE of 11.96%with a small PCE loss.Both PCE value and PCE loss are one of the most outstanding performances of the bladecoated all-PSCs.These findings reveal that a combination of the non-conjugated flexible backbone with random copolymerization to develop non-conjugated terpolymers is an attractive design concept to smoothly realize the lab-to-manufacturing translation.展开更多
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in ambient air.However,scaling up to high-efficiency carbon-based solar modules hinges on reliable dep...Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in ambient air.However,scaling up to high-efficiency carbon-based solar modules hinges on reliable deposition of uniform defect-free perovskite films over large areas,which is an unsettled but urgent issue.In this work,a long-chain gemini surfactant is introduced into perovskite precursor ink to enforce self-assembly into a network structure,considerably enhancing the coverage and smoothness of the perovskite films.The long gemini surfactant plays a distinctively synergistic role in perovskite film construction,crystallization kinetics modulation and defect passivation,leading to a certified record power conversion efficiency of 15.46%with Voc of 1.13 V and Jsc of 22.92 mA cm^(-2)for this type of modules.Importantly,all of the functional layers of the module are printed through a simple and high-speed(300 cm min^(-1))blade coating strategy in ambient atmosphere.These results mark a significant step toward the commercialization of all-printable carbon-based perovskite solar modules.展开更多
Despite the rapidly increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs),it is still quite challenging to bring such promising photovoltaic technology to commercialization.One of the challenges i...Despite the rapidly increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs),it is still quite challenging to bring such promising photovoltaic technology to commercialization.One of the challenges is the upscaling from small-sized lab devices to large-scale modules or panels for production.Currently,most of the efficient inverted PVSCs are fabricated on top of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA),which is a commonly used hole-transporting material,using spin-coating method to be incompatible with large-scale film deposition.Therefore,it is important to develop proper coating methods such as blade-coating or slot-die coating that can be compatible for producing large-area,high-quality perovskite thin films.It is found that due to the poor wettability of PTAA,the blade-coated perovskite films on PTAA surface are often inhomogeneous with large number of voids at the buried interface of the perovskite layer.To solve this problem,self-assembled monolayer(SAM)-based hole-extraction layer(HEL)with tunable headgroups on top of the SAM can be modified to provide better wettability and facilitate better interactions with the perovskite coated on top to passivate the interfacial defects.The more hydrophilic SAM surface can also facilitate the nucleation and growth of perovskite films fabricated by blade-coating methods,forming a compact and uniform buried interface.In addition,the SAM molecules can also be modified so their highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels can have a better energy alignment with the valence band maxima(VBM)of perovskite.Benefitted by the high-quality buried interface of perovskite on SAM-based substrate,the champion device shows a PCE of 18.47%and 14.64%for the devices with active areas of 0.105 cm^(2) and 1.008 cm^(2),respectively.In addition,the SAM-based device exhibits decent stability,which can maintain 90%of its initial efficiency after continuous operation for over 500 h at 40℃ in inert atmosphere.Moreover,the SAM-based perovskite mini-module exhibits a PCE of 14.13%with an aperture area of 18.0 cm^(2).This work demonstrates the great potential of using SAMs as efficient HELs for upscaling PVSCs and producing high-quality buried interface for large-area perovskite films.展开更多
Soft conductive films composed of a silver nanowire（AgNW） network, a neutral-pH PEDOT：PSS overcoating layer and a polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS） elastomer substrate are fabricated by large area compatible coating pro...Soft conductive films composed of a silver nanowire（AgNW） network, a neutral-pH PEDOT：PSS overcoating layer and a polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS） elastomer substrate are fabricated by large area compatible coating processes. The neutral-pH PEDOT：PSS layer is shown to be able to significantly improve the conductivity,stretchability and air stability of the conductive films. The soft conductive films are patterned using a simple maskless patterning approach to fabricate an 8 x 8 flexible pressure sensor array. It is shown that such soft conductive films can help to improve the sensitivity and reduce the signal crosstalk over the pressure sensor array.展开更多
基金the financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1503200)the GDUPS(2016)+4 种基金the NSF of Guangdong Province(2019B1515120050)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19lgjc07)the financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110770)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0206600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032,21961160720)for financial support
文摘In this research highlight,recent significant advances with hot-assisted blade-coating or air knife-assisted blade-coating of different perovskite compositions with bandgaps ranging from 1.3 eV to 1.9 eV(i.e.widebandgap or small-bandgap perovskites with mixed cations and anions,2D/3D perovskites,Pb/Sn binary perovskites,and all-inorganic perovskites)for single-junction or tandem PSCs are discussed,with an emphasis on elucidating the distinct ink formulation engineering strategies,crystal growth mechanisms,crystallization kinetics,and optoelectronic properties of the different perovskite compositions.
基金Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1506400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51922074,51673138,51820105003,and 22075194)+1 种基金the Tang Scholar,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology.
文摘Formamidinium lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))is a research hotspot in perovskite photovoltaics due to its broad light absorption and proper thermal stability.However,quite a few researches focused on the stability of the FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solutions.Besides,the most efficient FAPbI_(3) layers are prepared by the spin-coating method,which is limited to the size of the device.Herein,the stability of FAPbI_(3) perovskite solution with methylammonium chloride(MACl)or cesium chloride(CsCl)additive is studied for preparing perovskite film through an upscalable blade-coating method.Each additive works well for achieving a high-quality FAPbI_(3) film,resulting in efficient carbon electrode perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)in the ambient condition.However,the perovskite solution with MACl additive shows poor aging stability that noα-FAPbI_(3) phase is observed when the solution is aged over one week.While the perovskite solution with CsCl additive shows promising aging stability that it still forms high-quality pureα-FAPbI_(3) perovskite film even the solution is aged over one month.During the solution aging process,the MACl could be decomposed into methylamine which will form some unfavored intermediated phase inducingδ-phase FAPbI_(3).Whereas,replacing MACl with CsCl could effectively solve this issue.Our founding shows that there is a great need to develop a non-MACl FAPbI_(3) perovskite precursor solution for cost-effective preparation of pero-SCs.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12134010,62074117,and 12174290)the support of the Key R&D Program from Hubei Province(2023BAB102)+3 种基金the support of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515110636)the Wuhan University mainland-Hongkong Joint Scientific Research Platform Seed Fund Program(202232)Hong Kong Research Grants Council(General Research Fund 15310024)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(MHKJFS MHP/020/23)。
文摘Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)and large-area perovskite color conversion layers for liquid crystal display exhibit great potential in the field of illumination and display.Blade-coating method stands out as a highly suitable technique for fabricating large-scale films,albeit with challenges such as uneven nucleation coverage and non-uniformity crystallization process.In this work,we developed an in-situ characterization measurement system to monitor the perovskite nucleation,and crystallization process.By incorporating formamidine acetate(FAAc)into perovskite precursor solutions,the nucleation rate and nuclei density of perovskite were increased,leading to more uniform nucleation.In addition,we inserted a layer of[2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid above the poly(9-vinylcarbazole)hole transport layer.This layer acts as an anchor for the perovskite nano-crystal nuclei formed in the precursor,enhancing the steric hindrance of the solute and subsequently slowing down the crystal growth rate,thereby improving crystal quality.Based on these improvements,large-area perovskite nano-polycrystalline films with significantly improved uniformity and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield were obtained.A small-area PeLED(2 mm×2 mm)with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.91%was realized,marking the highest record of PeLED prepared by bladecoating method to date.An ultra-large-area PeLED(5 cm×7 cm)was also prepared,which is the largest PeLED prepared by the solution method reported so far.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(Nos.LR24F040001,LDG25E020001,and LD24E020001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62274146)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2022-00200),China.
文摘Perovskite films have fostered significant progress in the field of optoelectronic devices,particularly in solar cells,due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and cost-effective fabrication process.As a promising technique for large-scale industrial production of perovskite films,the blade-coating method has attracted wide attention because of its low cost,large-area coating capability,and simplicity.However,during the blade-coating process,perovskite films often present challenges such as poor film uniformity,high defect density,and uneven crystallization,which greatly affect the efficiency and stability of the devices.In this review,we summarize the application of blade-coating methods to the fabrication of perovskite films,with a focus on analyzing key factors affecting film quality,including precursor solution formulations,solvent characteristics,evaporation rate,crystallization kinetics,and film thickness.In particular,we discuss the impact of environmental factors on the perovskite crystallization process during blade-coating and explore how optimizing the blade-coating process and precursor solution composition can improve film uniformity and device performance.Additionally,we discuss the main challenges and shortcomings in the blade-coating preparation of perovskite films,including defects during large-area fabrication,differences in solvent evaporation rates,and their effects on crystallization quality.Strategies for addressing these issues are proposed.Finally,the prospects of the blade-coating method in large-scale production of perovskite films are outlined,emphasizing the importance of a deeper understanding of perovskite film crystallization mechanisms and the development of novel additives to enhance the performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices and accelerate their industrialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209131,22005121,21875182,52173023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0132400)+1 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province(2020TD-002)the 111 Project 2.0(BP0618008)。
文摘Sidechain engineering as an efficient and convenient strategy has been widely used to optimize molecular structure of photovoltaic materials for boosting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,a new Y-series acceptor named Y-Th Si with trialkylsilyl-substituted thiophene as conjugated sidechain is developed.Compared with its parental Y6 with multiple intermolecular interactions,Y-Th Si has a unitary molecular packing due to the additional steric hindrance from twodimensional(2D)-conjugated trialkylsilyl-thiophene.Therefore,Y-Th Si shows an obviously blue-shifted absorption with an onset of~850 nm but significantly up-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.For the PM6:Y-Th Si pair,the spin-coating OSCs achieve a decent PCE of 14.56%with an impressively high photovoltage(V_(OC))of 0.936 V.Inspired by its high V_(OC)and narrow absorption,Y-Th Si is introduced into near-infrared absorbing binary PM6:BTP-eC9 host to construct ternary OSCs.Thanks to the complementary absorption,optimized morphology,and minimized energy loss properties,the PM6:BTP-e C9:Y-Th Si-based OSCs offer a higher PCE of 18.34%.Moreover,our developed strategy can overcome the commonly existed PCE drop when the blade-coating towards large-scale printing is used instead.Therefore,a comparable PCE of 18.34%is achieved,which is one of the best values for the blade-coating OSCs so far.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21922505 and 52273245)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000).
文摘Due to the characteristics of lower material waste,higher crystallinity,roll-to-roll compatibility,and high-throughput continuous processing,blade-coating has been widely applied in the preparation of large-area organic solar cells.In this paper,the technique of blade-coating is introduced,including the effects of blading speed,substrate temperature,and other technological innovations during the process of blade-coating.Besides,the recent progress of blade-coating in organic solar cells is summarized and the active layer prepared by a blade-coating method is introduced in detail,including materials,processing methods,solvents,and additives.The interface layer and electrodes prepared by the blade-coating method are also discussed.Finally,some perspectives on the blade-coating method are proposed.In the foreseeable future,blade-coating will become the core of batch production of large-area organic solar cells,so as to make organic solar cells more competitive.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303218 and 52303222)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720314)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J01403)the Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023-zz-101)for funding。
文摘With the continuous improvement of photovoltaic efficiency in the organic photovoltaic(OPV),interface engineering has emerged as a pivotal issue in their practical deployment.Currently,the robust crystallinity of small molecule electron transport layers(ETLs)and the poor film-forming abilities of conjugated polymer ETLs are a huge obstacle in this field.Herein,an innovative and efficient nonconjugated polymer ETL,namely PNDI-SO,which contains polar cationic segments for solubility and conjugated units for efficient charge transport in stable OPV cells,is reported.Endowed with suitable energy levels and excellent electron extraction capabilities,PNDI-SO-based OPV cells attain a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.54%.Furthermore,compared with conventional OPV cells utilizing PFN-Br or PDINN,PNDI-SO substantially enhances long-term stability under continuous illumination,evidenced by a T80 lifetime(signifying retention of 80% of initial performance)exceeding 1250 h.Notably,through scanning electron microscope,we verified that PNDI-SO achieves a harmonious balance between film-forming ability and charge transport properties for ETL,enabling the blade-coating OPV based on PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9 to achieve a PCE of 17.47%.These results suggest the potential of PNDI-SO as a promising interface material for industrial printing applications in OPV fabrication.
基金supported by ational Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62405293,62301509,62304209)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(No.202302030201001)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Nos.202303021212191,202203021222079,20210302123203,202103021223185).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)incorporating 2D/3D heterostructures have exhibited remarkable improvements in both power conversion efficiency and operational stability.Nevertheless,the prevalent spin-coating fabrication technique presents formidable challenges for scalable manufacturing processes.Herein,we present a blade-coating compatible methodology for fabricating highperformance 2D/3D PSCs utilizing a low-volatility t-amyl alcohol(t-AmOH)-dimethylformamide(DMF)mixed solvent system.Through systematic materials characterization and comprehensive device performance analysis,we demonstrate that this approach facilitates uniform spatial distribution of butylammonium iodide(BAI)organic spacers,thereby promoting the formation of a high-quality 2D/3D perovskite architecture characterized by enhanced crystallinity and substantially reduced defect density.The optimized device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 22.25%while demonstrating exceptional operational stability,retaining 83%of its initial performance after prolonged exposure under ambient conditions(45%relative humidity)for 1000 h.
基金the support from the NSFC (22209131, 22005121, 21875182, and 52173023)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0132400)+4 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province (2020TD-002)111 project 2.0 (BP0618008)Open Fund of Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications (Changzhou University, GDRGCS2022002)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education (Jiangxi Normal University, KFSEMC-202201)acquired at beamlines 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231
文摘Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed vip acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored vip acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grants Nos. 2016YFA0202400 and 2016YFA0202404)the Peacock Team Project funding from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (Grant No. KQTD2015033110182370)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research (Discipline Arrangement) Project funding from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (Grant No. JCYJ20170412154554048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51473139)
文摘Numerous fabrication methods have been developed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells(PSCs). However, these are limited to spin-coating processes in a glove box and are yet to be commercialized. Therefore, there is a need to develop a controllable and scalable deposition technique that can be carried out under ambient conditions. Even though the doctor-blade coating technique has been widely used to prepare PSCs, it is yet to be applied to high-efficiency PSCs under ambient conditions(RH ~45%, RT ~25 °C). In this study, we conducted blade-coating fabrication of modified high-efficiency PSCs under such conditions. We controlled the substrate temperature to ensure phase transition of perovskite and added dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) to the perovskite precursor solution to delay crystallization, which can facilitate the formation of uniform perovskite films by doctor-blade coating. The as-prepared perovskite films had large crystal domains measuring up to 100 μm. Solar cells prepared from these films exhibited a current density that was enhanced from 17.22 to 19.98 m A/cm^2 and an efficiency that was increased from 10.98% to 13.83%. However, the open-circuit voltage was only 0.908 V, probably due to issues with the hole-transporting layer. Subsequently, we replaced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS) with Ni O x as the hole-transporting material and then prepared higher-quality perovskite films by blade-coating under ambient conditions. The as-prepared perovskite films were preferably orientated and had large crystal domains measuring up to 200 μm;The open-circuit voltage of the resulting PSCs was enhanced from 0.908 to 1.123 V, while the efficiency increased from 13.83% to 15.34%.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51973087,52173170 and 22169012)Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201004)。
文摘All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have made significant progress recently,but few studies have been conducted to investigate the lab-to-manufacturing translation from the spin-coating method to the printing process.Here,the random copolymerization method and non-conjugated backbone approach are integrated to manipulate the morphology and photoelectric properties of the active layer for large-area printed all-PSCs.A series of non-conjugated terpolymer acceptors PYSe-TC_(6)T(x)(x=5,10,and 20,refers to the molar ratio of TC_(6)T unit)are developed by covalently introducing non-conjugated unit TC_(6)T into the PYSe host bipolymer by random copolymerization.The spin-coated PYSe-TC_(6)T(10)-based all-PSC demonstrates the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.54%,superior to the PYSe-based one(12.45%).More intriguingly,morphological studies reveal that a combination of the random polymerization and non-conjugated backbone strategy can effectively prevent the active layer from overaggregation and improve the film quality during the printing process,thereby minimizing the efficiency and technology gap between spin-coated small-area devices and blade-coated large-area devices.By directly using the same preparation condition of spin-coating,the blade-coated small-area(0.04 cm^(2))delivers a PCE of 12.83%and the large-area(1.21 cm^(2))device achieves a PCE of 11.96%with a small PCE loss.Both PCE value and PCE loss are one of the most outstanding performances of the bladecoated all-PSCs.These findings reveal that a combination of the non-conjugated flexible backbone with random copolymerization to develop non-conjugated terpolymers is an attractive design concept to smoothly realize the lab-to-manufacturing translation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2001217,22261160370 and 21972006)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Innovation Foundation(2021A0505110003)+1 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research(JCYJ20220818101018038 and JCYJ20200109110628172)Guangdong Province Regional Joint Innovation Foundation(2020B1515120039)。
文摘Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in ambient air.However,scaling up to high-efficiency carbon-based solar modules hinges on reliable deposition of uniform defect-free perovskite films over large areas,which is an unsettled but urgent issue.In this work,a long-chain gemini surfactant is introduced into perovskite precursor ink to enforce self-assembly into a network structure,considerably enhancing the coverage and smoothness of the perovskite films.The long gemini surfactant plays a distinctively synergistic role in perovskite film construction,crystallization kinetics modulation and defect passivation,leading to a certified record power conversion efficiency of 15.46%with Voc of 1.13 V and Jsc of 22.92 mA cm^(-2)for this type of modules.Importantly,all of the functional layers of the module are printed through a simple and high-speed(300 cm min^(-1))blade coating strategy in ambient atmosphere.These results mark a significant step toward the commercialization of all-printable carbon-based perovskite solar modules.
基金A.K.Y.J.thanks the sponsorship of the Lee Shau-Kee Chair Professor(Materials Science),and the support from the APRC Grant of the City University of Hong Kong(No.9380086)the GRF grant(No.11307621)from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2019B030302007)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials(No.2019B121205002).
文摘Despite the rapidly increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs),it is still quite challenging to bring such promising photovoltaic technology to commercialization.One of the challenges is the upscaling from small-sized lab devices to large-scale modules or panels for production.Currently,most of the efficient inverted PVSCs are fabricated on top of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA),which is a commonly used hole-transporting material,using spin-coating method to be incompatible with large-scale film deposition.Therefore,it is important to develop proper coating methods such as blade-coating or slot-die coating that can be compatible for producing large-area,high-quality perovskite thin films.It is found that due to the poor wettability of PTAA,the blade-coated perovskite films on PTAA surface are often inhomogeneous with large number of voids at the buried interface of the perovskite layer.To solve this problem,self-assembled monolayer(SAM)-based hole-extraction layer(HEL)with tunable headgroups on top of the SAM can be modified to provide better wettability and facilitate better interactions with the perovskite coated on top to passivate the interfacial defects.The more hydrophilic SAM surface can also facilitate the nucleation and growth of perovskite films fabricated by blade-coating methods,forming a compact and uniform buried interface.In addition,the SAM molecules can also be modified so their highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels can have a better energy alignment with the valence band maxima(VBM)of perovskite.Benefitted by the high-quality buried interface of perovskite on SAM-based substrate,the champion device shows a PCE of 18.47%and 14.64%for the devices with active areas of 0.105 cm^(2) and 1.008 cm^(2),respectively.In addition,the SAM-based device exhibits decent stability,which can maintain 90%of its initial efficiency after continuous operation for over 500 h at 40℃ in inert atmosphere.Moreover,the SAM-based perovskite mini-module exhibits a PCE of 14.13%with an aperture area of 18.0 cm^(2).This work demonstrates the great potential of using SAMs as efficient HELs for upscaling PVSCs and producing high-quality buried interface for large-area perovskite films.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.16JC1400603)
文摘Soft conductive films composed of a silver nanowire（AgNW） network, a neutral-pH PEDOT：PSS overcoating layer and a polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS） elastomer substrate are fabricated by large area compatible coating processes. The neutral-pH PEDOT：PSS layer is shown to be able to significantly improve the conductivity,stretchability and air stability of the conductive films. The soft conductive films are patterned using a simple maskless patterning approach to fabricate an 8 x 8 flexible pressure sensor array. It is shown that such soft conductive films can help to improve the sensitivity and reduce the signal crosstalk over the pressure sensor array.
