Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subju...Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subjunctive conditionals.Motivated by the so-called OK pairs,they try to provide a convincing explanation of the intuition underlying the OK pairs.As far as we know,what they have done is to provide not only an explanation of the OK pairs,but also a way of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals.Although we agree with their success in explaining the OK pairs within a causal modelling framework,we argue that their ways of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals fail.Instead,we argue that their approaches can be used to distinguish between two readings of conditionals,the epistemic reading and the ontic reading.which can be applied to both indicative and subjunctive conditionals.We conclude by arguing that these two readings are related to two approaches to asking and answering causal questions:the“auses-of-effects"approach and the"effects-of-causes"approach.展开更多
Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity ana...Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity analysis of hydrological model is a key step in model uncertainty quantification, which can identify the dominant parameters, reduce the model calibration uncertainty, and enhance the model optimization efficiency. There are, however, some shortcomings in classical approaches, including the long duration of time and high computation cost required to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of a multiple-parameter hydrological model. For this reason, a two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented. It is based on （1） a screening method （Morris） for qualitative ranking of parameters, and （2） a variance-based method integrated with a meta-model for quantitative sensitivity analysis, i.e., the Sobol method integrated with the response surface model （RSMSobol）. First, the Morris screening method was used to qualitatively identify the parameters＇ sensitivity, and then ten parameters were selected to quantify the sensitivity indices. Subsequently, the RSMSobol method was used to quantify the sensitivity, i.e., the first-order and total sensitivity indices based on the response surface model （RSM） were calculated. The RSMSobol method can not only quantify the sensitivity, but also reduce the computational cost, with good accuracy compared to the classical approaches. This approach will be effective and reliable in the global sensitivity analysis of a complex large-scale distributed hydrological model.展开更多
A new approach,gate-capacitance-shift (GCS) approach,is described for compact modeling.This approach is piecewise for various physical effects and comprises the gate-bias-dependent nature of corrections in the nanosca...A new approach,gate-capacitance-shift (GCS) approach,is described for compact modeling.This approach is piecewise for various physical effects and comprises the gate-bias-dependent nature of corrections in the nanoscale regime.Additionally,an approximate-analytical solution to the quantum mechanical (QM) effects in polysilicon (poly)-gates is obtained based on the density gradient model.It is then combined with the GCS approach to develop a compact model for these effects.The model results tally well with numerical simulation.Both the model results and simulation results indicate that the QM effects in poly-gates of nanoscale MOSFETs are non-negligible and have an opposite influence on the device characteristics as the poly-depletion (PD) effects do.展开更多
In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial n...In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial neural network(ANN) and input-output data of the system during shield tunneling and can overcome the precision problem in mechanistic modeling(MM) approach. The computational results show that the training algorithm with Gauss-Newton optimization has fast convergent speed. The experimental investigation indicates that, compared with mechanistic modeling approach, intelligent modeling procedure can obviously increase the precision in both soil pressure fitting and forecasting period. The effectiveness and accuracy of proposed intelligent modeling procedure are verified in laboratory tests.展开更多
A thermoviscoelastic modeling approach is developed to predict the recovery behaviors of the thermally activated amorphous shape memory polymers(SMPs)based on the generalized finite deformation viscoelasticity theory....A thermoviscoelastic modeling approach is developed to predict the recovery behaviors of the thermally activated amorphous shape memory polymers(SMPs)based on the generalized finite deformation viscoelasticity theory.In this paper,a series of moduli and relaxation times of the generalized Maxwell model is estimated from the stress relaxation master curve by using the nonlinear regression(NLREG)method.Assuming that the amorphous SMPs are approximately incompressible isotropic elastomers in the rubbery state,the hyperelastic response of the materials is well modeled with a hyperelastic model in Ogden form.In addition,the Williams-Landel-Ferry(WLF)equation is used to describe the horizontal shift factor obtained with time-temperature superposition principle(TTSP).The finite element simulations show good agreement with the experimental thermomechanical behaviors.Moreover,the possibility of developing a temperature-responsive intravascular stent with the SMP studied here is investigated in terms of its thermomechanical property.Therefore,it can be concluded that the model has good prediction capabilities for the recovery behaviors of amorphous SMPs.展开更多
Model-Based Design is an efficient and cost-effective way to develop controls, signal processing, image processing, communications, mechatronics, and other embedded systems. Rather than re-lying on physical prototypes...Model-Based Design is an efficient and cost-effective way to develop controls, signal processing, image processing, communications, mechatronics, and other embedded systems. Rather than re-lying on physical prototypes and textual specifications, Model-Based Design uses a system model as an executable specification throughout development. It supports system- and component-level design and simulation, automatic code generation, and continuous test and verification. This paper is focused firstly on the so-called model-based design and aims at presenting an up-to-date state of the art in this important field. Secondly, it develops a model based design for wind energy systems. Mathematical formulations and numerical implementations for different components of wind energy systems are highlighted with Simscape language. Finally, results are derived from simulations.展开更多
This paper proposes a modeling system developed in order to analyze the urban freight transport and logistics within urban and metropolitan areas. A review of models developed to simulate this segment of mobility is a...This paper proposes a modeling system developed in order to analyze the urban freight transport and logistics within urban and metropolitan areas. A review of models developed to simulate this segment of mobility is also reported. The review analysis highlights the limits of models for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures. For this reason this paper proposes a new modeling system approach for the assessment of city logistics measures. It is made of different steps approaching problems related to quantity OD （Origin-Destination） flows, restocking type OD flows, delivery OD flows, delivery OD flows for time slice and vehicle type, and vehicle OD flows. This modeling system has been specified and calibrated using some surveys carried out in the inner area of Rome where more than 500 truck drivers and more than 600 retailers have been interviewed.展开更多
Vacuum glazing is highly regarded for its ability to transmit light while providing heat preservation,sound insulation,lightweight characteristics,and resistance to condensation.Scholars have made significant strides ...Vacuum glazing is highly regarded for its ability to transmit light while providing heat preservation,sound insulation,lightweight characteristics,and resistance to condensation.Scholars have made significant strides in the study of vacuum glazing through their notable efforts.This study systematically reviewed vacuum glazing and its composite structures,including material selection,fabrication techniques,research methods,and performance evaluation.This review initially presented fundamental techniques for preparing vacuum glazing,with a focus on edge seal and support pillar arrangements,and introduced common composite structures such as hybrid and tinted vacuum glazing.Furthermore,this review summarized the analytical,numerical,and experimental methodologies used to assess the thermal performance of vacuum glazing.This study also outlined heat transfer coefficients associated with various vacuum glazing structures,investigated the influence of different parameters on their heat transfer coefficients,and evaluated their potential for energy conservation across diverse climatic regions.Finally,the research delineated future trends in the advancement of vacuum glazing to provide guidance for both theoretical studies and practical applications in industry.This research serves as a valuable resource for both theoretical exploration and practical integration of vacuum glazing,facilitating its improvement and optimization to advance sustainable low-carbon building practices.展开更多
This paper focuses on the numerical solution of a tumor growth model under a data-driven approach.Based on the inherent laws of the data and reasonable assumptions,an ordinary differential equation model for tumor gro...This paper focuses on the numerical solution of a tumor growth model under a data-driven approach.Based on the inherent laws of the data and reasonable assumptions,an ordinary differential equation model for tumor growth is established.Nonlinear fitting is employed to obtain the optimal parameter estimation of the mathematical model,and the numerical solution is carried out using the Matlab software.By comparing the clinical data with the simulation results,a good agreement is achieved,which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the model.展开更多
In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asympt...In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as|λ|→∞andλ→0 are given.Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros,the matrix RH problem,reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived.Further,the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants.The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed.In particular,the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as|t|→∞are obtained,which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons do not change before and after interaction except the position shifts.In addition,three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.展开更多
Social development puts forward higher requirements for students’English application ability and cultural literacy.This study proposes an innovative“3+2+1”blended teaching model integrating the production-oriented ...Social development puts forward higher requirements for students’English application ability and cultural literacy.This study proposes an innovative“3+2+1”blended teaching model integrating the production-oriented approach(POA)to address key challenges in college English cultural courses at application-oriented universities.The model combines three phases(pre-class,in-class,and post-class),two dimensions(online resources and offline interaction),and one overarching goal(all-round education).Through experimental implementation at three universities,results demonstrated significant improvements in student satisfaction,autonomous learning engagement,and crosscultural competence.This research provides a replicable template for enhancing both linguistic proficiency and cultural confidence in EFL contexts.展开更多
We propose an eigen microstate approach(EMA)for analyzing quantum phase transitions in quantum many-body systems,introducing a novel framework that does not require prior knowledge of an order parameter.Using the tran...We propose an eigen microstate approach(EMA)for analyzing quantum phase transitions in quantum many-body systems,introducing a novel framework that does not require prior knowledge of an order parameter.Using the transversefield Ising model(TFIM)as a case study,we demonstrate the effectiveness of EMA by identifying key features of the phase transition through the scaling behavior of eigenvalues and the structure of associated eigen microstates.Our results reveal substantial changes in the ground state of the TFIM as it undergoes a phase transition,as reflected in the behavior of specific componentsξ_(i)^((k))within the eigen microstates.This method is expected to be applicable to other quantum systems where predefining an order parameter is challenging.展开更多
A new modeling and filtering approach for tracking maneuvering targets is presented in thispaper.The approach,which makes optimal estimate for the model With the random variable possible,depends on random step modelin...A new modeling and filtering approach for tracking maneuvering targets is presented in thispaper.The approach,which makes optimal estimate for the model With the random variable possible,depends on random step modeling of target maneuvers.In the new model,the unknown targetacceleration is treated as a random variable and then estimated directly.A detector is designed tofind out the target maneuvers and the estimation algorithm will be restarted when the maneuvers oc-cur.Combination of three-dimention Kalman filter with a detector forms a tracker for maneuveringtargets.The new tracking scheme is easy to implement and its capability is illustrated in two trackingexamples in which the new approach is compared with Mooses’on the performance.展开更多
This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The m...This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network(ANN) based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation(LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors.With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain 0 ≤ η < 1.5 due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain 1.5 ≤ η < 6.0 due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors(AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range 10^(-3)–10^(-8) and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy.展开更多
Failure mechanism and impact resistance of a human porous cranium are studied in detail by means of theoretical and numerical methods.It is hypothesized that pore distribution of a cranium directly affects cranial ene...Failure mechanism and impact resistance of a human porous cranium are studied in detail by means of theoretical and numerical methods.It is hypothesized that pore distribution of a cranium directly affects cranial energy absorption,and a stretched beam model and a real beam model are taken as the example for the verification.Meanwhile,for the purpose of comparison with numerical results,a theoretical model is also proposed for the prediction of residual velocity and contact force of the impactor for an impacted skull.Compared with the real beam model,the stretched beam model containing through-thickness pores is easily deformed under the impact,thereby buffering well the external impact energy.The energy absorption efficiency of both the stretched beam model and real beam model is concerned with the threshold velocity for penetration which is directly related to the size of the structural damage area.Overall,there is good agreement between numerical and theoretical results.In addition,the effect of structural geometric parameters(shape and size of the impactor)on the impact resistance of the skull bone is theoretically investigated.The study provides reference for the evaluation of the energy absorption and failure mechanism of the skull under impact loads.展开更多
In the last couple of years,there Has been an increased interest among the statisticians to dene new families of distributions by adding one or more additional parameter(s)to the baseline distribution.In this regard,a...In the last couple of years,there Has been an increased interest among the statisticians to dene new families of distributions by adding one or more additional parameter(s)to the baseline distribution.In this regard,a number of families have been introduced and studied.One such example is the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions that is one of the most prominent approaches used to generalize the existing distributions.Whenever,we see a new method,the natural questions come in to mind are(i)what are the genesis of the newly proposed method and(ii)how did the proposed method is obtained.No doubt,the Marshall-Olkin family is a very useful method and has attracted the researchers.But,unfortunately,the authors failed to provide the explanation about the genesis of the method that how this family of distributions is obtained.To address this issue,in this article,an attempt Has been made to provide a straight forward computation about the genesis of the Marshall-Olkin family that somehow completes its derivation.The genesis of the Marshall-Olkin family is based on the T-X family approach.Furthermore,we have showed that other extensions of the Marshall-Olkin family can also be obtained via the T-X family method.Finally,a real-life application form insurance science is presented to illustrate the newly proposed extension of the Marshall-Olkin family.展开更多
In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence o...In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence of situs solitus.Both cases highlight that the relationship between the two ventricles within the ventricular mass is not always harmonious with the given atrioventricular connection.Such disharmony between the connections and relationships requires careful assessment of the three basic facets of cardiac building blocks,namely their morphology,the relationship of their component parts,and their connections with the adjacent segments.3D imaging and printing can now facilitate an otherwise difficult diagnosis in such complex situations.Rotation of either the 3D images or the models permit accurate assessment of the ventricular topologic pattern by creating the right ventricular en-face septal view,thus facilitating placement of the observer’s hands.As we now emphasize,an alternative approach,which might prove more attractive to imagers,is to rotate the ventricular mass to provide the ventricular apical view,thus permitting determination of the ventricular relationship without using the hands.展开更多
Groundwater modeling remains challenging due to heterogeneity and complexity of aquifer systems,necessitating endeavors to quantify Groundwater Levels(GWL)dynamics to inform policymakers and hydrogeologists.This study...Groundwater modeling remains challenging due to heterogeneity and complexity of aquifer systems,necessitating endeavors to quantify Groundwater Levels(GWL)dynamics to inform policymakers and hydrogeologists.This study introduces a novel Fuzzy Nonlinear Additive Regression(FNAR)model to predict monthly GWL in an unconfined aquifer in eastern Iran,using a 19-year(1998–2017)dataset from 11 piezometric wells.Under three distinct scenarios with progressively increasing input complexity,the study utilized readily available climate data,including Precipitation(Prc),Temperature(Tave),Relative Humidity(RH),and Evapotranspiration(ETo).The dataset was split into training(70%)and validation(30%)subsets.Results showed that among three input scenarios,Scenario 3(Sc3,incorporating all four variables)achieved the best predictive performance,with RMSE ranging from 0.305 m to 0.768 m,MAE from 0.203 m to 0.522 m,NSE from 0.661 to 0.980,and PBIAS from 0.771%to 0.981%,indicating low bias and high reliability.However,Sc2(excluding ETo)with RMSE ranging from 0.4226 m to 0.9909 m,MAE from 0.3418 m to 0.8173 m,NSE from 0.2831 to 0.9674,and PBIAS from−0.598%to 0.968%across different months offers practical advantages in data-scarce settings.The FNAR model outperforms conventional Fuzzy Least Squares Regression(FLSR)and holds promise for GWL forecasting in data-scarce regions where physical or numerical models are impractical.Future research should focus on integrating FNAR with deep learning algorithms and real-time data assimilation expanding applications across diverse hydrogeological settings.展开更多
Due to the fact that the emergency medicine distribution is vital to the quick response to urgent demand when an epidemic occurs, the optimal vaccine distribution approach is explored according to the epidemic diffusi...Due to the fact that the emergency medicine distribution is vital to the quick response to urgent demand when an epidemic occurs, the optimal vaccine distribution approach is explored according to the epidemic diffusion rule and different urgency degrees of affected areas with the background of the epidemic outbreak in a given region. First, the SIQR （susceptible, infected, quarantined,recovered） epidemic model with pulse vaccination is introduced to describe the epidemic diffusion rule and obtain the demanded vaccine in each pulse. Based on the SIQR model, the affected areas are clustered by using the self-organizing map （SOM） neutral network to qualify the results. Then, a dynamic vaccine distribution model is formulated, incorporating the results of clustering the affected areas with the goals of both reducing the transportation cost and decreasing the unsatisfied demand for the emergency logistics network. Numerical study with twenty affected areas and four distribution centers is carried out. The corresponding numerical results indicate that the proposed approach can make an outstanding contribution to controlling the affected areas with a relatively high degree of urgency, and the comparison results prove that the performance of the clustering method is superior to that of the non-clustering method on controlling epidemic diffusion.展开更多
基金supported by China’s MOE project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720021)the project of Shandong University(11090087395308).
文摘Recently there have been two causal modelling approaches to indicative conditionals,i.e.extrapolationist(Deng&Lee,2021)and filterist(Liang&Wang,2022),although they all take an interventionist position on subjunctive conditionals.Motivated by the so-called OK pairs,they try to provide a convincing explanation of the intuition underlying the OK pairs.As far as we know,what they have done is to provide not only an explanation of the OK pairs,but also a way of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals.Although we agree with their success in explaining the OK pairs within a causal modelling framework,we argue that their ways of distinguishing between indicative and subjunctive conditionals fail.Instead,we argue that their approaches can be used to distinguish between two readings of conditionals,the epistemic reading and the ontic reading.which can be applied to both indicative and subjunctive conditionals.We conclude by arguing that these two readings are related to two approaches to asking and answering causal questions:the“auses-of-effects"approach and the"effects-of-causes"approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41271003)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grants No. 2010CB428403 and 2010CB951103)
文摘Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity analysis of hydrological model is a key step in model uncertainty quantification, which can identify the dominant parameters, reduce the model calibration uncertainty, and enhance the model optimization efficiency. There are, however, some shortcomings in classical approaches, including the long duration of time and high computation cost required to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of a multiple-parameter hydrological model. For this reason, a two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented. It is based on （1） a screening method （Morris） for qualitative ranking of parameters, and （2） a variance-based method integrated with a meta-model for quantitative sensitivity analysis, i.e., the Sobol method integrated with the response surface model （RSMSobol）. First, the Morris screening method was used to qualitatively identify the parameters＇ sensitivity, and then ten parameters were selected to quantify the sensitivity indices. Subsequently, the RSMSobol method was used to quantify the sensitivity, i.e., the first-order and total sensitivity indices based on the response surface model （RSM） were calculated. The RSMSobol method can not only quantify the sensitivity, but also reduce the computational cost, with good accuracy compared to the classical approaches. This approach will be effective and reliable in the global sensitivity analysis of a complex large-scale distributed hydrological model.
文摘A new approach,gate-capacitance-shift (GCS) approach,is described for compact modeling.This approach is piecewise for various physical effects and comprises the gate-bias-dependent nature of corrections in the nanoscale regime.Additionally,an approximate-analytical solution to the quantum mechanical (QM) effects in polysilicon (poly)-gates is obtained based on the density gradient model.It is then combined with the GCS approach to develop a compact model for these effects.The model results tally well with numerical simulation.Both the model results and simulation results indicate that the QM effects in poly-gates of nanoscale MOSFETs are non-negligible and have an opposite influence on the device characteristics as the poly-depletion (PD) effects do.
基金Project(2013CB035402) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51105048,51209028) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial neural network(ANN) and input-output data of the system during shield tunneling and can overcome the precision problem in mechanistic modeling(MM) approach. The computational results show that the training algorithm with Gauss-Newton optimization has fast convergent speed. The experimental investigation indicates that, compared with mechanistic modeling approach, intelligent modeling procedure can obviously increase the precision in both soil pressure fitting and forecasting period. The effectiveness and accuracy of proposed intelligent modeling procedure are verified in laboratory tests.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20170759)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11572153)+3 种基金Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studiesa project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)Outstanding Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Provincethe Doctor Special Foundation and the Research Fund of Nanjing Institute of Technology (Nos. ZKJ201603, YKJ201312)
文摘A thermoviscoelastic modeling approach is developed to predict the recovery behaviors of the thermally activated amorphous shape memory polymers(SMPs)based on the generalized finite deformation viscoelasticity theory.In this paper,a series of moduli and relaxation times of the generalized Maxwell model is estimated from the stress relaxation master curve by using the nonlinear regression(NLREG)method.Assuming that the amorphous SMPs are approximately incompressible isotropic elastomers in the rubbery state,the hyperelastic response of the materials is well modeled with a hyperelastic model in Ogden form.In addition,the Williams-Landel-Ferry(WLF)equation is used to describe the horizontal shift factor obtained with time-temperature superposition principle(TTSP).The finite element simulations show good agreement with the experimental thermomechanical behaviors.Moreover,the possibility of developing a temperature-responsive intravascular stent with the SMP studied here is investigated in terms of its thermomechanical property.Therefore,it can be concluded that the model has good prediction capabilities for the recovery behaviors of amorphous SMPs.
文摘Model-Based Design is an efficient and cost-effective way to develop controls, signal processing, image processing, communications, mechatronics, and other embedded systems. Rather than re-lying on physical prototypes and textual specifications, Model-Based Design uses a system model as an executable specification throughout development. It supports system- and component-level design and simulation, automatic code generation, and continuous test and verification. This paper is focused firstly on the so-called model-based design and aims at presenting an up-to-date state of the art in this important field. Secondly, it develops a model based design for wind energy systems. Mathematical formulations and numerical implementations for different components of wind energy systems are highlighted with Simscape language. Finally, results are derived from simulations.
文摘This paper proposes a modeling system developed in order to analyze the urban freight transport and logistics within urban and metropolitan areas. A review of models developed to simulate this segment of mobility is also reported. The review analysis highlights the limits of models for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures. For this reason this paper proposes a new modeling system approach for the assessment of city logistics measures. It is made of different steps approaching problems related to quantity OD （Origin-Destination） flows, restocking type OD flows, delivery OD flows, delivery OD flows for time slice and vehicle type, and vehicle OD flows. This modeling system has been specified and calibrated using some surveys carried out in the inner area of Rome where more than 500 truck drivers and more than 600 retailers have been interviewed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3806202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52308093)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ40154)the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1042)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(kq2208032)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741132 and 2024T170263)。
文摘Vacuum glazing is highly regarded for its ability to transmit light while providing heat preservation,sound insulation,lightweight characteristics,and resistance to condensation.Scholars have made significant strides in the study of vacuum glazing through their notable efforts.This study systematically reviewed vacuum glazing and its composite structures,including material selection,fabrication techniques,research methods,and performance evaluation.This review initially presented fundamental techniques for preparing vacuum glazing,with a focus on edge seal and support pillar arrangements,and introduced common composite structures such as hybrid and tinted vacuum glazing.Furthermore,this review summarized the analytical,numerical,and experimental methodologies used to assess the thermal performance of vacuum glazing.This study also outlined heat transfer coefficients associated with various vacuum glazing structures,investigated the influence of different parameters on their heat transfer coefficients,and evaluated their potential for energy conservation across diverse climatic regions.Finally,the research delineated future trends in the advancement of vacuum glazing to provide guidance for both theoretical studies and practical applications in industry.This research serves as a valuable resource for both theoretical exploration and practical integration of vacuum glazing,facilitating its improvement and optimization to advance sustainable low-carbon building practices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.:12371428)Projects of the Provincial College Students’Innovation and Training Program in 2024(Project No.:S202413023106,S202413023110)。
文摘This paper focuses on the numerical solution of a tumor growth model under a data-driven approach.Based on the inherent laws of the data and reasonable assumptions,an ordinary differential equation model for tumor growth is established.Nonlinear fitting is employed to obtain the optimal parameter estimation of the mathematical model,and the numerical solution is carried out using the Matlab software.By comparing the clinical data with the simulation results,a good agreement is achieved,which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12475003 and11705284)by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant Nos.1232022 and 1212007)。
文摘In this paper,the N-soliton solutions for the massive Thirring model(MTM)in laboratory coordinates are analyzed via the Riemann-Hilbert(RH)approach.The direct scattering including the analyticity,symmetries,and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions as|λ|→∞andλ→0 are given.Considering that the scattering coefficients have simple zeros,the matrix RH problem,reconstruction formulas and corresponding trace formulas are also derived.Further,the N-soliton solutions in the reflectionless case are obtained explicitly in the form of determinants.The propagation characteristics of one-soliton solutions and interaction properties of two-soliton solutions are discussed.In particular,the asymptotic expressions of two-soliton solutions as|t|→∞are obtained,which show that the velocities and amplitudes of the asymptotic solitons do not change before and after interaction except the position shifts.In addition,three types of bounded states for two-soliton solutions are presented with certain parametric conditions.
基金The 2024 Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project:“Intelligent-Driven Innovation in College English Intercultural Talent Cultivation Models from a New Liberal Arts Perspective”(2412112116)The 2025 Ministry of Education Supply-Demand Matching Employment Education Program(Phase IV):“Research on the Cultivation Model of‘English+Artificial Intelligence’Interdisciplinary Talents Based on Industry Demand”(2025032560246)The 2025 Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project:“Research on the Cultivation Path of Craftsmanship Spirit among University Teachers in the Context of Industry-University Collaboration”(2505164755)。
文摘Social development puts forward higher requirements for students’English application ability and cultural literacy.This study proposes an innovative“3+2+1”blended teaching model integrating the production-oriented approach(POA)to address key challenges in college English cultural courses at application-oriented universities.The model combines three phases(pre-class,in-class,and post-class),two dimensions(online resources and offline interaction),and one overarching goal(all-round education).Through experimental implementation at three universities,results demonstrated significant improvements in student satisfaction,autonomous learning engagement,and crosscultural competence.This research provides a replicable template for enhancing both linguistic proficiency and cultural confidence in EFL contexts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12475033,12135003,12174194,and 12405032)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0109000)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupport from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M730299).
文摘We propose an eigen microstate approach(EMA)for analyzing quantum phase transitions in quantum many-body systems,introducing a novel framework that does not require prior knowledge of an order parameter.Using the transversefield Ising model(TFIM)as a case study,we demonstrate the effectiveness of EMA by identifying key features of the phase transition through the scaling behavior of eigenvalues and the structure of associated eigen microstates.Our results reveal substantial changes in the ground state of the TFIM as it undergoes a phase transition,as reflected in the behavior of specific componentsξ_(i)^((k))within the eigen microstates.This method is expected to be applicable to other quantum systems where predefining an order parameter is challenging.
文摘A new modeling and filtering approach for tracking maneuvering targets is presented in thispaper.The approach,which makes optimal estimate for the model With the random variable possible,depends on random step modeling of target maneuvers.In the new model,the unknown targetacceleration is treated as a random variable and then estimated directly.A detector is designed tofind out the target maneuvers and the estimation algorithm will be restarted when the maneuvers oc-cur.Combination of three-dimention Kalman filter with a detector forms a tracker for maneuveringtargets.The new tracking scheme is easy to implement and its capability is illustrated in two trackingexamples in which the new approach is compared with Mooses’on the performance.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through large Research Group Project (Grant No. RGP2/198/45)Project supported by Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (Grant No. PSAU/2025/R/1446)。
文摘This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network(ANN) based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation(LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors.With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain 0 ≤ η < 1.5 due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain 1.5 ≤ η < 6.0 due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors(AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range 10^(-3)–10^(-8) and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy.
基金This study was funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 12002107)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant BX20190101)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant 2019M661268)the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Financial Assistance(Grant LBH-Z19061)The present work was also supported in part by Alexander von Humboldt Foundation(Grant 1155520)(University of Siegen,Germany)the Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environment Laboratory,Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant YESS20160190).
文摘Failure mechanism and impact resistance of a human porous cranium are studied in detail by means of theoretical and numerical methods.It is hypothesized that pore distribution of a cranium directly affects cranial energy absorption,and a stretched beam model and a real beam model are taken as the example for the verification.Meanwhile,for the purpose of comparison with numerical results,a theoretical model is also proposed for the prediction of residual velocity and contact force of the impactor for an impacted skull.Compared with the real beam model,the stretched beam model containing through-thickness pores is easily deformed under the impact,thereby buffering well the external impact energy.The energy absorption efficiency of both the stretched beam model and real beam model is concerned with the threshold velocity for penetration which is directly related to the size of the structural damage area.Overall,there is good agreement between numerical and theoretical results.In addition,the effect of structural geometric parameters(shape and size of the impactor)on the impact resistance of the skull bone is theoretically investigated.The study provides reference for the evaluation of the energy absorption and failure mechanism of the skull under impact loads.
基金supported by the Department of Statistics,Yazd University,Yazd,Iran。
文摘In the last couple of years,there Has been an increased interest among the statisticians to dene new families of distributions by adding one or more additional parameter(s)to the baseline distribution.In this regard,a number of families have been introduced and studied.One such example is the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions that is one of the most prominent approaches used to generalize the existing distributions.Whenever,we see a new method,the natural questions come in to mind are(i)what are the genesis of the newly proposed method and(ii)how did the proposed method is obtained.No doubt,the Marshall-Olkin family is a very useful method and has attracted the researchers.But,unfortunately,the authors failed to provide the explanation about the genesis of the method that how this family of distributions is obtained.To address this issue,in this article,an attempt Has been made to provide a straight forward computation about the genesis of the Marshall-Olkin family that somehow completes its derivation.The genesis of the Marshall-Olkin family is based on the T-X family approach.Furthermore,we have showed that other extensions of the Marshall-Olkin family can also be obtained via the T-X family method.Finally,a real-life application form insurance science is presented to illustrate the newly proposed extension of the Marshall-Olkin family.
文摘In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence of situs solitus.Both cases highlight that the relationship between the two ventricles within the ventricular mass is not always harmonious with the given atrioventricular connection.Such disharmony between the connections and relationships requires careful assessment of the three basic facets of cardiac building blocks,namely their morphology,the relationship of their component parts,and their connections with the adjacent segments.3D imaging and printing can now facilitate an otherwise difficult diagnosis in such complex situations.Rotation of either the 3D images or the models permit accurate assessment of the ventricular topologic pattern by creating the right ventricular en-face septal view,thus facilitating placement of the observer’s hands.As we now emphasize,an alternative approach,which might prove more attractive to imagers,is to rotate the ventricular mass to provide the ventricular apical view,thus permitting determination of the ventricular relationship without using the hands.
基金supported by the Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)the University of Birjand under grant number 4034771.
文摘Groundwater modeling remains challenging due to heterogeneity and complexity of aquifer systems,necessitating endeavors to quantify Groundwater Levels(GWL)dynamics to inform policymakers and hydrogeologists.This study introduces a novel Fuzzy Nonlinear Additive Regression(FNAR)model to predict monthly GWL in an unconfined aquifer in eastern Iran,using a 19-year(1998–2017)dataset from 11 piezometric wells.Under three distinct scenarios with progressively increasing input complexity,the study utilized readily available climate data,including Precipitation(Prc),Temperature(Tave),Relative Humidity(RH),and Evapotranspiration(ETo).The dataset was split into training(70%)and validation(30%)subsets.Results showed that among three input scenarios,Scenario 3(Sc3,incorporating all four variables)achieved the best predictive performance,with RMSE ranging from 0.305 m to 0.768 m,MAE from 0.203 m to 0.522 m,NSE from 0.661 to 0.980,and PBIAS from 0.771%to 0.981%,indicating low bias and high reliability.However,Sc2(excluding ETo)with RMSE ranging from 0.4226 m to 0.9909 m,MAE from 0.3418 m to 0.8173 m,NSE from 0.2831 to 0.9674,and PBIAS from−0.598%to 0.968%across different months offers practical advantages in data-scarce settings.The FNAR model outperforms conventional Fuzzy Least Squares Regression(FLSR)and holds promise for GWL forecasting in data-scarce regions where physical or numerical models are impractical.Future research should focus on integrating FNAR with deep learning algorithms and real-time data assimilation expanding applications across diverse hydrogeological settings.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70671021)
文摘Due to the fact that the emergency medicine distribution is vital to the quick response to urgent demand when an epidemic occurs, the optimal vaccine distribution approach is explored according to the epidemic diffusion rule and different urgency degrees of affected areas with the background of the epidemic outbreak in a given region. First, the SIQR （susceptible, infected, quarantined,recovered） epidemic model with pulse vaccination is introduced to describe the epidemic diffusion rule and obtain the demanded vaccine in each pulse. Based on the SIQR model, the affected areas are clustered by using the self-organizing map （SOM） neutral network to qualify the results. Then, a dynamic vaccine distribution model is formulated, incorporating the results of clustering the affected areas with the goals of both reducing the transportation cost and decreasing the unsatisfied demand for the emergency logistics network. Numerical study with twenty affected areas and four distribution centers is carried out. The corresponding numerical results indicate that the proposed approach can make an outstanding contribution to controlling the affected areas with a relatively high degree of urgency, and the comparison results prove that the performance of the clustering method is superior to that of the non-clustering method on controlling epidemic diffusion.
