Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony a...Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony and bismuth face several challenges, including excessively wide band gaps, elevated defect densities, and suboptimal film quality, all of which hinder advancements in device efficiency. While extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of modulating the A-site and X-site elements in lead-free A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskites, there remains a notable scarcity of reports addressing the impact of modifications to the B-site element. In this study, we investigated the alloying of antimony and bismuth within the 2D Cs_(3)B_(2)I_(6)Br_(3) perovskite. By systematically varying the ratios of two elements, we found that the incorporation of both antimony and bismuth at the B-site significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that a 1 : 1 ratio of antimony to bismuth produces the densest films, the highest photoluminescence intensity, and superior photovoltaic performance. Ultimately,the devices fabricated using this optimal ratio achieved an open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 1.01 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.645%.展开更多
Iron(Fe)nanoparticles and graphite(Gr)with different masses of bismuth trisulfide(Bi_(2)S_(3))were mixed by high-energy ball milling treatment to fabricate the corresponding composite iron anodes Bi_(2)S_(3)@Fe-Gr.The...Iron(Fe)nanoparticles and graphite(Gr)with different masses of bismuth trisulfide(Bi_(2)S_(3))were mixed by high-energy ball milling treatment to fabricate the corresponding composite iron anodes Bi_(2)S_(3)@Fe-Gr.The hydrogen evolution reaction and iron passivation process on these iron electrodes were investigated in alkaline and neutral solutions.The iron electrode Bi_(2)S_(3)-3@Fe-Gr(The additional amount of Bi_(2)S_(3)was 3 mg)revealed the strongest ability to inhibit hydrogen evolution among the iron electrodes of the present investigation,while the Bi_(2)S_(3)-6@Fe-Gr electrode(The additional amount of Bi_(2)S_(3)was 6 mg)delivered significant performance in inhibiting anodic passivation.This is because the high-energy ball milling process leads to the well-dispersion of Bi_(2)S_(3)and the changes in the surface of Fe nanoparticles,thereby slowing down the passivation of the iron electrode surface.展开更多
The competition between dimensionality and ordering in multiferroic materials is of great interest for both fundamental physics and potential applications. Combining first-principles calculations with micromagnetic si...The competition between dimensionality and ordering in multiferroic materials is of great interest for both fundamental physics and potential applications. Combining first-principles calculations with micromagnetic simulations, we investigate recently synthesized ultrathin perovskite bismuth ferrite(BFO) films. Our numerical results reveal that, at the monolayer limit, the ferroelectricity of BFO is missing because the octahedral distortions are constrained. However, the monolayer bismuth ferrite is a topological antiferromagnetic metal with tunable bimeron magnetic structure. The dual topologically non-trivial characteristics make monolayer bismuth ferrite a multifunctional building block in future spintronic devices.展开更多
Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods to extract bismuth from sulfide ores face problems such as high cost,low-concentration SO_(2)generation,and long process time.In this study,the cyclone tech...Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods to extract bismuth from sulfide ores face problems such as high cost,low-concentration SO_(2)generation,and long process time.In this study,the cyclone technology and slurry electrolysis method were combined.The bismuth sulfide ore was dissolved directly at the anode,while the high purity bismuth was deposited efficiently at the cathode under the advantages of the two methods.The short process and high-efficiency extraction of bismuth sulfide ore were realized,and the pollution of low-concentration SO_(2)was avoided.Then,the effects of several crucial experimental conditions(current density,reaction time,temperature,pH,liquid-solid ratio,and circulation flow rate)on the leaching efficiency and recovery efficiency of bismuth were investigated.The leaching and electrowinning mechanisms during the recovery process were also analyzed according to the research results of this paper to better understand the cyclone slurry electrolysis process.The experimental results showed that 95.19%bismuth was leached into the acid solution in the anode area under optimal conditions,and the recovery efficiency and purity of bismuth on the cathode reached 91.13%and 99.26%,respectively,which were better than those by the traditional hydrometallurgy recovery process.展开更多
The piezocatalytic characteristic of bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX,X=Cl,Br,and I) has been increasingly capturing interest for its potential in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through water splitting process.The performanc...The piezocatalytic characteristic of bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX,X=Cl,Br,and I) has been increasingly capturing interest for its potential in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through water splitting process.The performance regarding these piezocatalysts is closely related to the halogen element present in BiOX;yet,the specific influence mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we prepared BiOX catalysts via a hydrothermal process and explored their piezocatalytic HER activities.Owing to the layered bismuth s tructure,the resulting sheet-like piezocatalysts can efficiently capture the mechanic stimulus and allow the robust piezoelectric field,contributing to the piezocatalytic operation.It demonstrates that the BiOBr achieves a remarkable piezocatalytic HER efficiency of 813 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),outperforming BiOCl and BiOI.The density functional theory(DFT)calculation results reveal that the BiOBr with moderate halogen atom size and lattice layer spacing possesses the strongest piezoelectricity,which enhances the separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs.Meanwhile,the exposed Br atom layer facilitates a large Bader charge and a low surface Gibbs free energy(ΔG_(H)),enhancing charge transfer for hydrogen reduction at the solid-liquid surface,thereby increasing the HER efficiency.This research sheds light on the halogen-dependent piezocatalytic activity of BiOX catalysts,offering valuable insights for the development of high-performance piezocatalysts.展开更多
This study explores the impact of bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3))on the optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent,lead-free thulium-doped bismuth borotellurite radiation shielding glass.The investigated gla...This study explores the impact of bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3))on the optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent,lead-free thulium-doped bismuth borotellurite radiation shielding glass.The investigated glass composition follows the formula[(TeO_(2))_(75)(B_(2)O_(3))_(25)]_(98-x)(Bi_(2)O_(3))_x[Tm_(2)O_(3)]_(2),where x=0 mol%,5 mol%,10 mol%,15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,and 30 mol%.All glass samples remain transparent,with an optical bandgap(E_(opt))exceeding 3.1 e V,ensuring visible light transmission.Radiation shielding data from Phy-X and XCom reveal interactions of the photoelectric effect,Compton scattering,and pair production,with minimal relative difference in mass attenuation coefficient(MAC)which is between0.05 and 0.56.At 0.662 Me V photon energy,the 20 mol%and 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glasses exhibit significantly higher Phy-X MAC values than other samples,except RS 520 glass,which contains 71%Pb O.Despite incorporating only up to 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3),these glasses outperform others in density,half-value layer(HVL),and mean free path(MFP).Correlating E_(opt)and MAC,the 20 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glass is the best candidate for transparent radiation shielding glass due to its wide optical bandgap which prevents ionization of trapped holes.Significantly,the linkage between MFP and molar refraction was also discovered based on the particle size influence on both parameters.展开更多
The efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and the effective activation of reactive molecules are among the major challenges in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Defect engineering can enhance the catalyst&...The efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and the effective activation of reactive molecules are among the major challenges in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Defect engineering can enhance the catalyst's ability to adsorb and activate N_(2)and H_(2)O,while the ultrathin structure with maximized active crystal facets can maximize the enrichment of effective photogenerated electrons.This work employs a two-step synergistic method to fabricate ultrathin BiVO_(4)with oxygen vacancies and bismuth vacancies(2D-V_(Bi+O)-BVO,thickness<20 nm)for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and atomic force microscopy characterization confirm the transformation of BiVO_(4)from bulk material(bulk-BVO,~1300 nm)to an ultrathin structure(~15 nm).TEM,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electron paramagnetic resonance characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations verify the construction of oxygen and bismuth vacancies in the ultrathin BiVO_(4).Compared to bulk-BVO,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency of 2D-V_(Bi+O)-BVO is increased by 4.7 times,with the highest activity reaching 158.73μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).N_(2)-temperature programmed desorption and DFT calculations demonstrate that the oxygen and bismuth vacancies in BiVO_(4),respectively,promote the adsorption/activation of N_(2)and H_(2)O,which is crucial for the overall nitrogen reduction reaction.Photo-deposition experiments prove that the(040)plane is the active surface for electrons.And the ultrathin structure maximizes the(040)facet of BiVO_(4),which is conducive to the high enrichment of electrons.Meanwhile,more active sites can be exposed for the activation of N_(2)and H_(2)O.In situ infrared spectroscopy confirms that N_(2)can be effectively adsorbed onto 2D-V_(Bi+O)-BVO,and the presence of NH_(2)-NH_(2)active species is consistent with the alternating reaction pathway.This study provides new insights into the development of green and efficient photocatalysts with dual vacancies and ultrathin structures.展开更多
Developing heterojunction photocatalyst with well-matched interfaces andmultiple charge transfer paths is vital to boost carrier separation efficiency for photocatalytic antibiotics removal,but still remains a great c...Developing heterojunction photocatalyst with well-matched interfaces andmultiple charge transfer paths is vital to boost carrier separation efficiency for photocatalytic antibiotics removal,but still remains a great challenge.In present work,a new strategy of chloride anion intercalation in Bi_(2)O_(3)via one-pot hydrothermal process is proposed.The as-prepared Ta-BiOCl/Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)(TBB)heterojunctions are featured with Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)and Ta-BiOCl lined shoulder-by-shouleder via semi-coherent interfaces.In this TBB heterojunctions,the well-matched semi-coherent interfaces and shoulder-by-shoulder structures provide fast electron transfer andmultiple transfer paths,respectively,leading to enhanced visible light response and improved photogenerated charge separation.Meanwhile,a type-II heterojunction for photocharge separation has been obtained,in which photogenerated electrons are drove from the CB(conduction band)of Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)to the both of bilateral empty CB of Ta-BiOCl and gathered on the CB of Ta-BiOCl,while the photogenerated holes are left on the VB(valence band)of Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10),effectively hindering the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the separated electrons can effectively activate dissolved oxygen for the generation of reactive oxygen species(·O_(2)^(−)).Such TBB heterojunctions exhibit remarkably superior photocatalytic degradation activity for tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)solution to Bi_(2)O_(3),Ta-BiOCl and Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10).This work not only proposes a Ta-BiOCl/Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)shoulder-by-shoulder micro-ribbon architectures with semi-coherent interfaces and successive type-Ⅱheterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic activity,but offers a new insight into the design of highly efficient heterojunction through phasestructure synergistic transformation strategy.展开更多
Bismuth(Bi)anodes have been widely investigated for potential application in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their ultrahigh theoretical volumetric capacity(3800 mAh cm^(-3))and suitable sodiation potential(0.5-0.7 V...Bismuth(Bi)anodes have been widely investigated for potential application in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their ultrahigh theoretical volumetric capacity(3800 mAh cm^(-3))and suitable sodiation potential(0.5-0.7 V).Unfortunately,either Bi or Bi-based compounds still face tricky challenges of unsatisfying reversible capacity(<350 mAh g^(-1))and inferior initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE,<70%).Herein,a controllable trace-sulfurization strategy is proposed to address these challenges by developing a yolkshell Bi/Bi_(2)S_(3)heterostructure encapsulated within S-doped carbon shells(TS-Bi/C).This approach strategically incorporates a trace amount of high-capacity Bi_(2)S_(3)phase with metallic Bi,consequently building regional Bi/Bi_(2)S_(3)heterointerfaces for enhancing interfacial charge transfer and sodium storage reversibility.Moreover,a thin and homogeneous solid electrolyte film(~5 nm)was formed on the surface of TS-Bi/C during the initial discharge-charge process.These merits result in an approximate 30%increase in ICE of TS-Bi/C(87.4%)compared to pure Bi/C(57,6%)when employed as anodes in SIBs,together with boosted discharge capacity of 462.3 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and high rate capability of 382.4 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1).Importantly,as compared to both Bi/C and Bi_(2)S_(3)/C counterparts,TS-Bi/C can deliver superior volumetric capacity as high as 1553 mAh cm^(-3)owing to its considerable tap density of 3.43 g cm^(-3).展开更多
The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)ER)into formate presents a compelling solution for mitigating dependence on fossil energy and green utilization of CO_(2).Bismuth(Bi)has been gaining recognition ...The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)ER)into formate presents a compelling solution for mitigating dependence on fossil energy and green utilization of CO_(2).Bismuth(Bi)has been gaining recognition as a promising catalyst material for the CO_(2)ER to formate.The performance of Bi catalysts(named as Bi-V)can be significantly improved when they possess single metal atom vacancy.However,creating larger-sized metal atom vacancies within Bi catalysts remains a significant challenge.In this work,Bi nanosheets with dual V0 Bi vacancy(Bi-DV)were synthesized utilizing in situ electrochemical transformation,using BiOBr nanosheets with triple vacancy associates(V■_(Bi)V··_(O)V■_(Bi),V■_(Bi)and V··_(O)denote the Bi^(3+)and O_(2)−vacancy,respectively)as a template.The obtained Bi-DV achieved higher CO_(2)ER activity than Bi-V,showing Faradaic efficiency for formate production of>92%from-0.9 to-1.2 VRHE in an H-type cell,and the partial current density of formate reached up to 755 mA/cm^(2)in a flow cell.The comprehensive characterizations coupled with density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the dual V^(0)_(Bi)vacancy on the surface of Bi-DV expedite the reaction kinetics toward CO_(2)ER,by reducing the thermodynamic barrier of^(∗)OCHO intermediate formation.This research provides critical insights into the potential of large atom vacancies to enhance electrocatalysis performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT)induces troublesome gastrointestinal side effects that reduce adherence and efficacy.AIM To evaluate multistrain probiotics efficacy for alleviating gastrointestinal sym-ptoms ...BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT)induces troublesome gastrointestinal side effects that reduce adherence and efficacy.AIM To evaluate multistrain probiotics efficacy for alleviating gastrointestinal sym-ptoms during BQT for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS One hundred seventy-four adults(18-60 years)with confirmed H.pylori infections between July 2022 and December 2023 were randomised to receive BQT plus a multispecies probiotic(n=89)or a maltodextrin placebo(n=85)for 4 weeks.Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS)and Bristol Stool Classification Scale scores were collected at baseline,2,4 and 8 weeks;eradication was assessed 8 weeks post-treatment.Intention-to-treat analysis used multiple imputation and SPSS 26.0.RESULTS After 8 weeks,GSRS scores(all dimensions and total)decreased significantly compared with those at baseline.ITT analysis showed significantly greater reductions for the intervention vs the placebo in reflux by week 2,total/diarrhea scores by week 4,and total/dyspepsia scores by week 8.Probiotics provided no protective effect against gastrointestinal symptoms at week 2 but showed significant protection at weeks 4 and 8.Both groups reported decreased diarrhea/constipation-type stools and increased normal-type stools post-intervention.H.pylori eradication rates were slightly higher for the intervention group(88.8%)than for the placebo group(84.7%),but the difference was not significant(P=0.430).CONCLUSION Multistrain probiotics significantly relieved BQT-associated gastrointestinal symptoms without affecting era-dication success.展开更多
In the original publication,mistakenly first and corresponding affiliation is given as:Thermoelectricity Technology Center,Hangzhou Dahe Thermo-Magnetics Co.Ltd,Hangzhou 310053,ChinaThe correct first and corresponding...In the original publication,mistakenly first and corresponding affiliation is given as:Thermoelectricity Technology Center,Hangzhou Dahe Thermo-Magnetics Co.Ltd,Hangzhou 310053,ChinaThe correct first and corresponding affiliation is:State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China.展开更多
Elemental doping of BiVO_(4) crystal lattices effectively enhances carrier separation,thereby facilitating efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.However,the positive effect of elementally induced lattice dist...Elemental doping of BiVO_(4) crystal lattices effectively enhances carrier separation,thereby facilitating efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.However,the positive effect of elementally induced lattice distortions on hole extraction has been neglected.Herein,the crystal lattice of BiVO_(4) is distorted by doping with an inexpensive Cs metal;then,CoFe_(2)O_(4) is used as an efficient hole-extraction layer to further modify the surface of the doped photoanode.Benefiting from the above design,the newly prepared CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Cs-BiVO_(4) photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 5.66 mA cm^(–2) at 1.23 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode,indicating a 3.9-fold improvement in photocurrent density.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations showed that the lattice distortion induced by Cs doping promoted the directional migration of BiVO_(4) bulk-phase holes to the CoFe_(2)O_(4) layer.Additionally,the coupled CoFe_(2)O_(4) can be used as a hole extraction layer to further enhance the interfacial migration of carriers.The synergistic effect of the two effectively promotes the directional migration of photogenerated carriers from the BiVO_(4) bulk phase to the active sites of the oxygen evolution reaction,thereby effectively inhibiting carrier recombination.This study revealed the positive effect of the dual-hole extraction strategy on solar energy conversion,thereby opening new avenues for the rational design of photoanodes.展开更多
Photocatalysis has received much attention owing to current energy and environmental crises. The use of an appropriate photocatalyst is important to a photocatalytic process. The development of photocatalysts that abs...Photocatalysis has received much attention owing to current energy and environmental crises. The use of an appropriate photocatalyst is important to a photocatalytic process. The development of photocatalysts that absorb light over a wide range of wavelengths and efficiently separate charge carriers remains a challenge and hot research topic. With strong visible-light-absorption ability, bismuth-containing photocatalysts are of great interest to scientists. However, measures have to be taken to enhance the light absorption efficiency and to lessen the problem of the recombination of charge carriers. Known approaches are the formation of heterojunctions through（1） loading of a noble metal,（2） semiconductor combination,（3） metal and nonmetal doping,（4） carbon-based material modification, and（5） Bi metal loading. The present review summarizes recent advances in this respect. Finally, the future development and potential applications of bismuth-containing photocatalysts with heterojunctions are briefly discussed.展开更多
α-Bi2O3 powders were prepared from nanometer Bi powders through low-temperature oxidation at less than 873.15 K. XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of Bi powders and Bi2O3 ...α-Bi2O3 powders were prepared from nanometer Bi powders through low-temperature oxidation at less than 873.15 K. XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of Bi powders and Bi2O3 particles. Kinetic studies on the bismuth oxidation at low-temperatures were carried out by TGA method. The results show that bismuth beads should be reunited and oxidized to become irregular Bi2O3 powders. The bismuth oxidation follows shrinking core model, and its controlling mechanism varies at different reaction time. Within 0-10 min, the kinetics is controlled by chemical reaction, after that it is controlled by O2 diffusion in the solid α-Bi2O3 layer. The apparent activation energy is determined as 55.19 kJ/mol in liquid-phase oxidation.展开更多
Bismuth oxide/titania, one interfacial composite semiconductor with high photocatalytic activity under solar light, was prepared at low temperature. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, sca...Bismuth oxide/titania, one interfacial composite semiconductor with high photocatalytic activity under solar light, was prepared at low temperature. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, brunauer-emmett-teller （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and diffuse reflection spectra （DRS）. The results indicate that deposited titania nanoparticles on bismuth oxide surface have micro-nano structure, and this composite material exhibits porosity and increased surface hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the as-prepared photocatalyst shows higher photocatalytic activity to the degradation of 4-chlorophenol than pure titania or P25 under sunlight.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LQ22F040001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M723281)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shaoxing City (Grant No. 2023B41006)。
文摘Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony and bismuth face several challenges, including excessively wide band gaps, elevated defect densities, and suboptimal film quality, all of which hinder advancements in device efficiency. While extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of modulating the A-site and X-site elements in lead-free A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskites, there remains a notable scarcity of reports addressing the impact of modifications to the B-site element. In this study, we investigated the alloying of antimony and bismuth within the 2D Cs_(3)B_(2)I_(6)Br_(3) perovskite. By systematically varying the ratios of two elements, we found that the incorporation of both antimony and bismuth at the B-site significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that a 1 : 1 ratio of antimony to bismuth produces the densest films, the highest photoluminescence intensity, and superior photovoltaic performance. Ultimately,the devices fabricated using this optimal ratio achieved an open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 1.01 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.645%.
文摘Iron(Fe)nanoparticles and graphite(Gr)with different masses of bismuth trisulfide(Bi_(2)S_(3))were mixed by high-energy ball milling treatment to fabricate the corresponding composite iron anodes Bi_(2)S_(3)@Fe-Gr.The hydrogen evolution reaction and iron passivation process on these iron electrodes were investigated in alkaline and neutral solutions.The iron electrode Bi_(2)S_(3)-3@Fe-Gr(The additional amount of Bi_(2)S_(3)was 3 mg)revealed the strongest ability to inhibit hydrogen evolution among the iron electrodes of the present investigation,while the Bi_(2)S_(3)-6@Fe-Gr electrode(The additional amount of Bi_(2)S_(3)was 6 mg)delivered significant performance in inhibiting anodic passivation.This is because the high-energy ball milling process leads to the well-dispersion of Bi_(2)S_(3)and the changes in the surface of Fe nanoparticles,thereby slowing down the passivation of the iron electrode surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12174382)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB0460000 and XDB28000000)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant Nos. 2024ZD0300104 and 2021ZD0302600)。
文摘The competition between dimensionality and ordering in multiferroic materials is of great interest for both fundamental physics and potential applications. Combining first-principles calculations with micromagnetic simulations, we investigate recently synthesized ultrathin perovskite bismuth ferrite(BFO) films. Our numerical results reveal that, at the monolayer limit, the ferroelectricity of BFO is missing because the octahedral distortions are constrained. However, the monolayer bismuth ferrite is a topological antiferromagnetic metal with tunable bimeron magnetic structure. The dual topologically non-trivial characteristics make monolayer bismuth ferrite a multifunctional building block in future spintronic devices.
基金Projects(52104355,52074363,52374364)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023YFC2907904)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China。
文摘Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods to extract bismuth from sulfide ores face problems such as high cost,low-concentration SO_(2)generation,and long process time.In this study,the cyclone technology and slurry electrolysis method were combined.The bismuth sulfide ore was dissolved directly at the anode,while the high purity bismuth was deposited efficiently at the cathode under the advantages of the two methods.The short process and high-efficiency extraction of bismuth sulfide ore were realized,and the pollution of low-concentration SO_(2)was avoided.Then,the effects of several crucial experimental conditions(current density,reaction time,temperature,pH,liquid-solid ratio,and circulation flow rate)on the leaching efficiency and recovery efficiency of bismuth were investigated.The leaching and electrowinning mechanisms during the recovery process were also analyzed according to the research results of this paper to better understand the cyclone slurry electrolysis process.The experimental results showed that 95.19%bismuth was leached into the acid solution in the anode area under optimal conditions,and the recovery efficiency and purity of bismuth on the cathode reached 91.13%and 99.26%,respectively,which were better than those by the traditional hydrometallurgy recovery process.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023MB151)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for Excellent Young Scholars(No.ZR2022YQ13)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Special Project of Qingdao(No.24-1-8-xdny-18nsh)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211159)
文摘The piezocatalytic characteristic of bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX,X=Cl,Br,and I) has been increasingly capturing interest for its potential in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through water splitting process.The performance regarding these piezocatalysts is closely related to the halogen element present in BiOX;yet,the specific influence mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we prepared BiOX catalysts via a hydrothermal process and explored their piezocatalytic HER activities.Owing to the layered bismuth s tructure,the resulting sheet-like piezocatalysts can efficiently capture the mechanic stimulus and allow the robust piezoelectric field,contributing to the piezocatalytic operation.It demonstrates that the BiOBr achieves a remarkable piezocatalytic HER efficiency of 813 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),outperforming BiOCl and BiOI.The density functional theory(DFT)calculation results reveal that the BiOBr with moderate halogen atom size and lattice layer spacing possesses the strongest piezoelectricity,which enhances the separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs.Meanwhile,the exposed Br atom layer facilitates a large Bader charge and a low surface Gibbs free energy(ΔG_(H)),enhancing charge transfer for hydrogen reduction at the solid-liquid surface,thereby increasing the HER efficiency.This research sheds light on the halogen-dependent piezocatalytic activity of BiOX catalysts,offering valuable insights for the development of high-performance piezocatalysts.
基金funded by the National Defence University of Malaysia(Grant No.UPNM/2022/GPJP/SG/3)My Brain Sc Scholarship 2023。
文摘This study explores the impact of bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3))on the optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent,lead-free thulium-doped bismuth borotellurite radiation shielding glass.The investigated glass composition follows the formula[(TeO_(2))_(75)(B_(2)O_(3))_(25)]_(98-x)(Bi_(2)O_(3))_x[Tm_(2)O_(3)]_(2),where x=0 mol%,5 mol%,10 mol%,15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,and 30 mol%.All glass samples remain transparent,with an optical bandgap(E_(opt))exceeding 3.1 e V,ensuring visible light transmission.Radiation shielding data from Phy-X and XCom reveal interactions of the photoelectric effect,Compton scattering,and pair production,with minimal relative difference in mass attenuation coefficient(MAC)which is between0.05 and 0.56.At 0.662 Me V photon energy,the 20 mol%and 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glasses exhibit significantly higher Phy-X MAC values than other samples,except RS 520 glass,which contains 71%Pb O.Despite incorporating only up to 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3),these glasses outperform others in density,half-value layer(HVL),and mean free path(MFP).Correlating E_(opt)and MAC,the 20 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glass is the best candidate for transparent radiation shielding glass due to its wide optical bandgap which prevents ionization of trapped holes.Significantly,the linkage between MFP and molar refraction was also discovered based on the particle size influence on both parameters.
文摘The efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and the effective activation of reactive molecules are among the major challenges in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Defect engineering can enhance the catalyst's ability to adsorb and activate N_(2)and H_(2)O,while the ultrathin structure with maximized active crystal facets can maximize the enrichment of effective photogenerated electrons.This work employs a two-step synergistic method to fabricate ultrathin BiVO_(4)with oxygen vacancies and bismuth vacancies(2D-V_(Bi+O)-BVO,thickness<20 nm)for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and atomic force microscopy characterization confirm the transformation of BiVO_(4)from bulk material(bulk-BVO,~1300 nm)to an ultrathin structure(~15 nm).TEM,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electron paramagnetic resonance characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations verify the construction of oxygen and bismuth vacancies in the ultrathin BiVO_(4).Compared to bulk-BVO,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency of 2D-V_(Bi+O)-BVO is increased by 4.7 times,with the highest activity reaching 158.73μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).N_(2)-temperature programmed desorption and DFT calculations demonstrate that the oxygen and bismuth vacancies in BiVO_(4),respectively,promote the adsorption/activation of N_(2)and H_(2)O,which is crucial for the overall nitrogen reduction reaction.Photo-deposition experiments prove that the(040)plane is the active surface for electrons.And the ultrathin structure maximizes the(040)facet of BiVO_(4),which is conducive to the high enrichment of electrons.Meanwhile,more active sites can be exposed for the activation of N_(2)and H_(2)O.In situ infrared spectroscopy confirms that N_(2)can be effectively adsorbed onto 2D-V_(Bi+O)-BVO,and the presence of NH_(2)-NH_(2)active species is consistent with the alternating reaction pathway.This study provides new insights into the development of green and efficient photocatalysts with dual vacancies and ultrathin structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208262,52271228,52202298,52201279,51834009,and 51801151)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2021JQ-468,2020JZ-47)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.21JP086)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Nos.2020M683528 and 2018M633643XB)the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(No.20230625)the Hundred Talent Program of Shaanxi Province.
文摘Developing heterojunction photocatalyst with well-matched interfaces andmultiple charge transfer paths is vital to boost carrier separation efficiency for photocatalytic antibiotics removal,but still remains a great challenge.In present work,a new strategy of chloride anion intercalation in Bi_(2)O_(3)via one-pot hydrothermal process is proposed.The as-prepared Ta-BiOCl/Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)(TBB)heterojunctions are featured with Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)and Ta-BiOCl lined shoulder-by-shouleder via semi-coherent interfaces.In this TBB heterojunctions,the well-matched semi-coherent interfaces and shoulder-by-shoulder structures provide fast electron transfer andmultiple transfer paths,respectively,leading to enhanced visible light response and improved photogenerated charge separation.Meanwhile,a type-II heterojunction for photocharge separation has been obtained,in which photogenerated electrons are drove from the CB(conduction band)of Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)to the both of bilateral empty CB of Ta-BiOCl and gathered on the CB of Ta-BiOCl,while the photogenerated holes are left on the VB(valence band)of Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10),effectively hindering the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the separated electrons can effectively activate dissolved oxygen for the generation of reactive oxygen species(·O_(2)^(−)).Such TBB heterojunctions exhibit remarkably superior photocatalytic degradation activity for tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)solution to Bi_(2)O_(3),Ta-BiOCl and Ta-Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10).This work not only proposes a Ta-BiOCl/Bi_(24)O_(31)Cl_(10)shoulder-by-shoulder micro-ribbon architectures with semi-coherent interfaces and successive type-Ⅱheterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic activity,but offers a new insight into the design of highly efficient heterojunction through phasestructure synergistic transformation strategy.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878192 and 51904193)the Science and Technology Cooperation Special Fund of Sichuan University and Zigong City(2022CDZG-9 and 2023CDZG-5)。
文摘Bismuth(Bi)anodes have been widely investigated for potential application in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their ultrahigh theoretical volumetric capacity(3800 mAh cm^(-3))and suitable sodiation potential(0.5-0.7 V).Unfortunately,either Bi or Bi-based compounds still face tricky challenges of unsatisfying reversible capacity(<350 mAh g^(-1))and inferior initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE,<70%).Herein,a controllable trace-sulfurization strategy is proposed to address these challenges by developing a yolkshell Bi/Bi_(2)S_(3)heterostructure encapsulated within S-doped carbon shells(TS-Bi/C).This approach strategically incorporates a trace amount of high-capacity Bi_(2)S_(3)phase with metallic Bi,consequently building regional Bi/Bi_(2)S_(3)heterointerfaces for enhancing interfacial charge transfer and sodium storage reversibility.Moreover,a thin and homogeneous solid electrolyte film(~5 nm)was formed on the surface of TS-Bi/C during the initial discharge-charge process.These merits result in an approximate 30%increase in ICE of TS-Bi/C(87.4%)compared to pure Bi/C(57,6%)when employed as anodes in SIBs,together with boosted discharge capacity of 462.3 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)and high rate capability of 382.4 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1).Importantly,as compared to both Bi/C and Bi_(2)S_(3)/C counterparts,TS-Bi/C can deliver superior volumetric capacity as high as 1553 mAh cm^(-3)owing to its considerable tap density of 3.43 g cm^(-3).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276064 and 22278168)the Open Research Fund of Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology of Huaqiao University(No.AACCT0003)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian province(No.2022Y3007).
文摘The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)ER)into formate presents a compelling solution for mitigating dependence on fossil energy and green utilization of CO_(2).Bismuth(Bi)has been gaining recognition as a promising catalyst material for the CO_(2)ER to formate.The performance of Bi catalysts(named as Bi-V)can be significantly improved when they possess single metal atom vacancy.However,creating larger-sized metal atom vacancies within Bi catalysts remains a significant challenge.In this work,Bi nanosheets with dual V0 Bi vacancy(Bi-DV)were synthesized utilizing in situ electrochemical transformation,using BiOBr nanosheets with triple vacancy associates(V■_(Bi)V··_(O)V■_(Bi),V■_(Bi)and V··_(O)denote the Bi^(3+)and O_(2)−vacancy,respectively)as a template.The obtained Bi-DV achieved higher CO_(2)ER activity than Bi-V,showing Faradaic efficiency for formate production of>92%from-0.9 to-1.2 VRHE in an H-type cell,and the partial current density of formate reached up to 755 mA/cm^(2)in a flow cell.The comprehensive characterizations coupled with density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the dual V^(0)_(Bi)vacancy on the surface of Bi-DV expedite the reaction kinetics toward CO_(2)ER,by reducing the thermodynamic barrier of^(∗)OCHO intermediate formation.This research provides critical insights into the potential of large atom vacancies to enhance electrocatalysis performance.
文摘BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT)induces troublesome gastrointestinal side effects that reduce adherence and efficacy.AIM To evaluate multistrain probiotics efficacy for alleviating gastrointestinal sym-ptoms during BQT for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication.METHODS One hundred seventy-four adults(18-60 years)with confirmed H.pylori infections between July 2022 and December 2023 were randomised to receive BQT plus a multispecies probiotic(n=89)or a maltodextrin placebo(n=85)for 4 weeks.Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS)and Bristol Stool Classification Scale scores were collected at baseline,2,4 and 8 weeks;eradication was assessed 8 weeks post-treatment.Intention-to-treat analysis used multiple imputation and SPSS 26.0.RESULTS After 8 weeks,GSRS scores(all dimensions and total)decreased significantly compared with those at baseline.ITT analysis showed significantly greater reductions for the intervention vs the placebo in reflux by week 2,total/diarrhea scores by week 4,and total/dyspepsia scores by week 8.Probiotics provided no protective effect against gastrointestinal symptoms at week 2 but showed significant protection at weeks 4 and 8.Both groups reported decreased diarrhea/constipation-type stools and increased normal-type stools post-intervention.H.pylori eradication rates were slightly higher for the intervention group(88.8%)than for the placebo group(84.7%),but the difference was not significant(P=0.430).CONCLUSION Multistrain probiotics significantly relieved BQT-associated gastrointestinal symptoms without affecting era-dication success.
文摘In the original publication,mistakenly first and corresponding affiliation is given as:Thermoelectricity Technology Center,Hangzhou Dahe Thermo-Magnetics Co.Ltd,Hangzhou 310053,ChinaThe correct first and corresponding affiliation is:State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China.
文摘Elemental doping of BiVO_(4) crystal lattices effectively enhances carrier separation,thereby facilitating efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.However,the positive effect of elementally induced lattice distortions on hole extraction has been neglected.Herein,the crystal lattice of BiVO_(4) is distorted by doping with an inexpensive Cs metal;then,CoFe_(2)O_(4) is used as an efficient hole-extraction layer to further modify the surface of the doped photoanode.Benefiting from the above design,the newly prepared CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Cs-BiVO_(4) photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 5.66 mA cm^(–2) at 1.23 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode,indicating a 3.9-fold improvement in photocurrent density.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations showed that the lattice distortion induced by Cs doping promoted the directional migration of BiVO_(4) bulk-phase holes to the CoFe_(2)O_(4) layer.Additionally,the coupled CoFe_(2)O_(4) can be used as a hole extraction layer to further enhance the interfacial migration of carriers.The synergistic effect of the two effectively promotes the directional migration of photogenerated carriers from the BiVO_(4) bulk phase to the active sites of the oxygen evolution reaction,thereby effectively inhibiting carrier recombination.This study revealed the positive effect of the dual-hole extraction strategy on solar energy conversion,thereby opening new avenues for the rational design of photoanodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2140105421476065)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M562098)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities~~
文摘Photocatalysis has received much attention owing to current energy and environmental crises. The use of an appropriate photocatalyst is important to a photocatalytic process. The development of photocatalysts that absorb light over a wide range of wavelengths and efficiently separate charge carriers remains a challenge and hot research topic. With strong visible-light-absorption ability, bismuth-containing photocatalysts are of great interest to scientists. However, measures have to be taken to enhance the light absorption efficiency and to lessen the problem of the recombination of charge carriers. Known approaches are the formation of heterojunctions through（1） loading of a noble metal,（2） semiconductor combination,（3） metal and nonmetal doping,（4） carbon-based material modification, and（5） Bi metal loading. The present review summarizes recent advances in this respect. Finally, the future development and potential applications of bismuth-containing photocatalysts with heterojunctions are briefly discussed.
基金Project (2006BAB02B05-04- 01/02) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China
文摘α-Bi2O3 powders were prepared from nanometer Bi powders through low-temperature oxidation at less than 873.15 K. XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of Bi powders and Bi2O3 particles. Kinetic studies on the bismuth oxidation at low-temperatures were carried out by TGA method. The results show that bismuth beads should be reunited and oxidized to become irregular Bi2O3 powders. The bismuth oxidation follows shrinking core model, and its controlling mechanism varies at different reaction time. Within 0-10 min, the kinetics is controlled by chemical reaction, after that it is controlled by O2 diffusion in the solid α-Bi2O3 layer. The apparent activation energy is determined as 55.19 kJ/mol in liquid-phase oxidation.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, ChinaProject (2010490511) supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, China
文摘Bismuth oxide/titania, one interfacial composite semiconductor with high photocatalytic activity under solar light, was prepared at low temperature. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, brunauer-emmett-teller （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and diffuse reflection spectra （DRS）. The results indicate that deposited titania nanoparticles on bismuth oxide surface have micro-nano structure, and this composite material exhibits porosity and increased surface hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the as-prepared photocatalyst shows higher photocatalytic activity to the degradation of 4-chlorophenol than pure titania or P25 under sunlight.
