Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered as a promising energy storage system owing to its abundant potassium resources.As an important part of the battery composition,anode materials play a vital role in the futur...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered as a promising energy storage system owing to its abundant potassium resources.As an important part of the battery composition,anode materials play a vital role in the future development of PIBs.Bismuth-based anode materials demonstrate great potential for storing potassium ions(K^(+))due to their layered structure,high theoretical capacity based on the alloying reaction mechanism,and safe operating voltage.However,the large radius of K^(+)inevitably induces severe volume expansion in depotassiation/potassiation,and the sluggish kinetics of K^(+)insertion/extraction limits its further development.Herein,we summarize the strategies used to improve the potassium storage properties of various types of materials and introduce recent advances in the design and fabrication of favorable structural features of bismuth-based materials.Firstly,this review analyzes the structure,working mechanism and advantages and disadvantages of various types of materials for potassium storage.Then,based on this,the manuscript focuses on summarizing modification strategies including structural and morphological design,compositing with other materials,and electrolyte optimization,and elucidating the advantages of various modifications in enhancing the potassium storage performance.Finally,we outline the current challenges of bismuth-based materials in PIBs and put forward some prospects to be verified.展开更多
Sunlight-driven photocatalysis,which can produce clean fuels and mitigate environmental pollution,has received extensive research attention due to its potential for addressing both energy shortages and environmental c...Sunlight-driven photocatalysis,which can produce clean fuels and mitigate environmental pollution,has received extensive research attention due to its potential for addressing both energy shortages and environmental crises.Bismuth(Bi)-based photocatalysts with broad spectrum solar-light absorption and tunable structures,exhibit promising applications in solar-driven photocatalysis.Oxygen vacancy(OV)engineering is a widely recognized strategy that shows great potential for accelerating charge separation and small molecule activation.Based on OV engineering,this review focuses on Bi-based photocatalysts and provides a comprehensive overview including synthetic methods,regulation strategies,and applications in photocatalytic field.The synthetic methods of Bibased photocatalysts with OVs(BPOVs)are classified into hydrothermal,solvothermal,ultraviolet light reduction,calcination,chemical etching,and mechanical methods based on different reaction types,which provide the possibility for the structural regulation of BPOVs,including dimensional regulation,vacancy creation,elemental doping,and heterojunction fabrication.Furthermore,this review also highlights the photocatalytic applications of BPOVs,including CO_(2)reduction,N2 fixation,H2 generation,O_(2)evolution,pollutant degradation,cancer therapy,and bacteria inactivation.Finally,the conclusion and prospects toward the future development of BPOVs photocatalysts are presented.展开更多
Selective CO_(2) reduction to formate with highadded value is one of the most technologically and economically feasible pathways to realize electrochemical CO_(2) fixation. Bismuth-based catalysts have the advantages ...Selective CO_(2) reduction to formate with highadded value is one of the most technologically and economically feasible pathways to realize electrochemical CO_(2) fixation. Bismuth-based catalysts have the advantages of nontoxicity, low cost, high abundance, as well as excellent stability. In addition, bismuth-based catalysts display excellent selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate in aqueous electrolytes due to high-hydrogen evolution overpotential. Hence, bismuthbased catalysts are by far the most commercially available materials for electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate.In this review, the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuth-based catalysts is elaborated. Firstly,this review describes performance evaluation indexes,evaluation systems and reaction mechanisms of the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuthbased catalysts. Subsequently, the research means to reveal the reaction mechanism of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuth-based catalysts and the performance improvement strategies of the reaction are described in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this encouraging field are discussed. We believe that this review will contribute to further development of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuthbased catalysts.展开更多
Bismuth-based material has been broadly studied due to their potential applications in various areas,especially used as promising photocatalysts for the removal of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and several appro...Bismuth-based material has been broadly studied due to their potential applications in various areas,especially used as promising photocatalysts for the removal of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and several approaches have been adopted to tailor their features.Herein,the bismuth-based photocatalysts(BiOCl,BiPO4,BiOPO4/BiOCl) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and advanced characterization techniques(XRD,SEM,EDS elemental mapping,Raman and UV-vis DRS) were employed to analyze their morphology,crystal structure,and purity of the prepared photocatalysts.These synthesized photocatalysts offered a praiseworthy activity as compared to commercial TiO2(P25) for the degradation of model pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) under 254 nm UV light.It was interesting to observe that all synthesized photocatalysts show significant degradation of PFOA and their photocatalytic activity follows the order:bismuth-based catalysts> TiO2(P25)> without catalyst.Bismuth-based catalysts degraded the PFOA by almost 99.99% within 45 min while this degradation efficiency was 66.05% with TiO2 under the same reaction condition.Our work shows that the bismuth-based photocatalysts are promising in PFOA treatment.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by clean electric energy such as solar and wind,can not only alleviate environmental greenhouse effect stemming from excessive CO_(2)emissions,but also realiz...Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by clean electric energy such as solar and wind,can not only alleviate environmental greenhouse effect stemming from excessive CO_(2)emissions,but also realize the storage of renewable energy,for it guarantees the production of value-added chemicals and fuels.Among CO_(2)RR products,formic acid shows great advantages in low energy consumption and high added-value,and thus producing formic acid is generally considered as a profitable line for CO_(2)RR.Bismuth-based electrocatalysts exhibit high formic acid selectivity in CO_(2)RR.Herein,we review the recent progress in bismuth-based electrocatalysts for CO_(2)RR,including material synthesis,performance optimization/validation,and electrolyzers.The effects of morphologies,structure,and composition of bismuth-based electrocatalysts on CO_(2)RR performance are highlighted.Simultaneously,in situ spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations for reaction mechanism of CO_(2)RR on Bi-based catalysts are emphasized.The applications and optimization of electrolyzers with high current density for CO_(2)RR are summarized.Finally,conclusions and future directions in this field are prospected.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-val...Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.展开更多
To decipher the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity(SC),it is important to know how the superconducting pairing emerges from the unusual normal states of cuprate superconductors,including pseudogap,anomalo...To decipher the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity(SC),it is important to know how the superconducting pairing emerges from the unusual normal states of cuprate superconductors,including pseudogap,anomalous Fermi liquid and strange metal(SM).A long-standing issue under debate is how the superconducting pairing is formed and condensed in the SM phase because the superconducting transition temperature is the highest in this phase.展开更多
Bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts have been gaining recognition as the most promising catalyst materials for the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)to produce formate,which provides a potential way to solve ...Bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts have been gaining recognition as the most promising catalyst materials for the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)to produce formate,which provides a potential way to solve the energy crisis and the global climate crisis.However,the dynamic structural evolution of catalysts is usually observed during the operando conditions,resulting in the great difficulties for the identification of intrinsic active sites and the revelation of the structure-activity relationship at the atomic scale.This significantly hinders the development of new-type Bi-catalysts with high performance and excellent stability.This review summarizes the new findings and in-depth understanding of dynamic structural evolution for Bi-based catalysts,which are revealed by advanced in/ex situ characterization techniques.Furthermore,the dynamic structural evolution of state-of-the-art Bi-based catalysts is summarized based on the classification of derived active phase structures(e.g.,metallic Bi,Bi-based alloy,and high-valence Bi sites)after reconstruction.Afterward,the surface Bi defect sites and Bi-based interface structure are strongly confirmed as the intrinsic active sites for eCO_(2)RR;moreover,the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts is deeply discussed based on defect engineering and interface engineering modulation.Finally,the perspectives on the future challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are presented,which facilitate to design next-gap advanced electrocatalyst with high performance for eCO_(2)RR.展开更多
Numerous bismuth-based semiconductors(BBSs)with sophisticated and desirable structures used as photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water organic contaminants have attracted considerable attentio...Numerous bismuth-based semiconductors(BBSs)with sophisticated and desirable structures used as photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water organic contaminants have attracted considerable attention.However,regulating the crystal phases and phase transition of BBSs for promoted photocatalytic performance is ignored.Herein,the unique crystal structure and band structure features of each typical BBSs,and the vital roles on phase controlling of each phase were systematically presented based on the classification of BBSs.Notably,the critical factors for the phase transition of BBSs and intrinsic driving forces endowed by phases of BBSs for enhanced photocatalytic performance of organic contaminants removal were also elucidated.This review will provide systematical guidelines and horizons for regulating the crystal phase and phase transition of BBSs,promoting photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organic contaminants.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable zinc metal batteries display high theoretical capacity along with economical effectiveness,environmental benignity and high safety.However,dendritic growth and chemical corrosion at the Zn anodes ...Aqueous rechargeable zinc metal batteries display high theoretical capacity along with economical effectiveness,environmental benignity and high safety.However,dendritic growth and chemical corrosion at the Zn anodes limit their widespread applications.Here,we construct a Zn/Bi electrode via in-situ growth of a Bi-based energizer upon Zn metal surface using a replacement reaction.Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the Bi-based energizer composed of metallic Bi and ZnBi alloy contributes to Zn plating/stripping due to strong adsorption energy and fast ion transport rates.The resultant Zn/Bi electrode not only circumvents Zn dendrite growth but also improves Zn anode anti-corrosion performance.Specifically,the corrosion current of the Zn/Bi electrode is reduced by 90%compared to bare Zn.Impressively,an ultra-low overpotential of 12mV and stable cycling for 4000h are achieved in a Zn/Bi symmetric cell.A Zn–Cu/Bi asymmetric cell displays a cycle life of 1000 cycles,with an average Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.6%.In addition,an assembled Zn/Bi-activated carbon hybrid capacitor exhibits a stable life of more than 50,000 cycles,an energy density of 64Wh kg−1,and a power density of 7kWkg−1.The capacity retention rate of a Zn/Bi–MnO_(2)full cell is improved by over 150%compared to a Zn–MnO_(2)cell without the Bi-based energizer.Our findings open a new arena for the industrialization of Zn metal batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.展开更多
The population rate and power propagation equations are presented and solved to compare the amplification performances of bismuth-based Er3+-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) pumped by 980-and 1480-nm lasers,respectively.I...The population rate and power propagation equations are presented and solved to compare the amplification performances of bismuth-based Er3+-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) pumped by 980-and 1480-nm lasers,respectively.In both single signal and coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing(CWDM)signals inputs,the 1480-nm pumped bismuth-based EDFA provides a larger signal gain than the 980-nm pumped one does,whereas the latter provides a relatively lower noise figure (NF).Comparative results indicate that the 1480-nm pumping scheme is more advantageous for bismuth-based EDFA regarding the band width and gain property.展开更多
Photocatalysis has been expected to be a promising advanced oxidation process to endlessly convert exhaustless solar energy into storable,transportable,and usable chemical energy.As a kind of visible light-response se...Photocatalysis has been expected to be a promising advanced oxidation process to endlessly convert exhaustless solar energy into storable,transportable,and usable chemical energy.As a kind of visible light-response semiconductors,Bi-based semiconductors can be developed into step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalysts,consisting of a reductive photocatalyst(RP)and an oxidative photocatalyst(OP)with band edge bending.This review sums up the state-of-the-art progress in Bi-based S-scheme heterojunctions,as well as the in-/ex-situ experiments and theoretical calculations to uncover the unique heterostructure and charge transfer mechanism of Bi-based S-scheme heterojunctions in depth.We can find that Bi-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts have advantages in impeding the recombination of photo-induced electron-hole pairs,expediting the charge transfer,broadening solar energy utilization,and maximizing the potential energy of photo-redox reaction sites.Additionally,the recently published work on the potential applications of Bi-based S-scheme heterojunctions is also summarized,including photocatalytic H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction with water,pollutant degradation,H_(2)O_(2) production,and N_(2) photofixation for ammonia and urea production by comparing and discussing their photocatalytic efficiency.On the basis of research progress,the immediate challenges and future perspectives of Bi-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are critically debated.展开更多
A new process (solution-sol-gel-SHS,SSGS) based on the combination of the advantages of solution-sol-gel (SSG) process and solution self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process has been developed to synth...A new process (solution-sol-gel-SHS,SSGS) based on the combination of the advantages of solution-sol-gel (SSG) process and solution self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process has been developed to synthesize bismuth-based superconductor precursor powder.The new process consists of two main steps: (i) SSG process is used to prepare homogeneous wet gel;(ii) solution SHS process is carried out to transit wet gel to soft-agglomerated ultrafine (~0.3μm) precursor powder with low carbon content (<400×10-6).The new process has overcome many serious shortcomings of traditional SSG-processed powder such as hard agglomerate,coarse particles and high carbon content,and also greatly shortened the powder preparation period.The powder can be sintered into 110K 2223 superconductor with excellent quality in a short time.The process parameters to obtain homogeneous wet gel are optimized and SSG transition mechanism is also discussed.展开更多
Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespr...Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CO_(2)RR due to their high catalytic activity,selectivity,excellent stability,and low cost.However,they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications.This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories:(1)defect engineering,(2)atomic doping engineering,(3)organic framework engineering,(4)inorganic heterojunction engineering,(5)crystal face engineering,and(6)alloying and polarization engineering.Meanwhile,the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail,aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bibased catalysts fundamentally.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the(1)combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies,(2)revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis,and(3)in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms.On the one hand,through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies,a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers,which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites,charge transport paths,and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products,but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts;on the other hand,the promising collaborative regulation strategies,controllable synthetic paths,and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts,conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.展开更多
Optimizing the interfacial quality of halide perovskites heterojunction to promote the photogenerated charge separation is of great significance in photocatalytic reactions.However,the delicately regulation of interfa...Optimizing the interfacial quality of halide perovskites heterojunction to promote the photogenerated charge separation is of great significance in photocatalytic reactions.However,the delicately regulation of interfacial structure and properties of halide perovskites hybrid is still a big challenge owing to the growth uncontrollability and incompatibility between different constituents.Here we use Bi OBr nanosheets as the start-template to in situ epitaxially grow Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)nanosheets by“cosharing”Bi and Br atoms strategy for designing a 2D/2D Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/BiOBr heterojunction.Systematic studies show that the epitaxial heterojunction can optimize the synergistic effect of Bi OBr and Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)via the formation of tight-contact interfaces,strong interfacial electronic coupling and charge redistribution,which can not only drive the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism to greatly promote the spatial separation of electronhole pairs,but also modulate the interfacial electronic structure to facilitate the adsorption and activation of toluene molecules.The heterojunction exhibited 62.3 and 2.4-fold photoactivity improvement for toluene oxidation to benzaldehyde than parental Bi OBr and Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9),respectively.This study not only proposed a novel dual atom-bridge protocol to engineer high-quality perovskite heterojunctions,but also uncovered the potential of heterojunction in promoting electron-hole separation as well as the application in photocatalytic organic synthesis.展开更多
Lead-halide perovskites exhibit outstanding performance in X-ray detection due to their intrinsic features such as high charge carrier mobility,large atomic number,and long carrier lifetime,but the toxicity of lead is...Lead-halide perovskites exhibit outstanding performance in X-ray detection due to their intrinsic features such as high charge carrier mobility,large atomic number,and long carrier lifetime,but the toxicity of lead is regarded as the major factor hindering their development.Here,we introduce organic molecule(R)-(-)-2-methylpiperazine(R-MPz)into the bismuth-based structure to synthesize lead-free(R)-(H_(2)MPz)BiI_(5)(R-MBI).The high-quality centimeter-sized single crystals have been obtained,which show a low dark current and superior environmental stability.Particularly,the single-crystal device of R-MBI exhibits a highμτproduct up to 1.88×10^(-4)cm^(2)/V and a low trap density of 1.21×10^(10)cm^(-3).Further,the detector displays excellent detection sensitivity of 263.58μC Gy_(air)^(-1)cm^(-2)and a favorable low detection limit of 4.35μGyair/s,both of which meet the requirement for medical diagnostics.These findings shed light on the exploration of innovative bismuth-based hybrid perovskites for high-performance X-ray detection.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite(MHP)has become one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction owing to the wide light absorption range,negative conduction band position and high reduction ability.Howe...Metal halide perovskite(MHP)has become one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction owing to the wide light absorption range,negative conduction band position and high reduction ability.However,photoreduction of CO_(2) by MHP remains a challenge because of the slow charge separation and transfer.Herein,a cobalt single-atom modified nitrogen-doped graphene(Co-NG)cocatalyst is prepared for enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction of bismuth-based MHP Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9).The optimal Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/Co-NG composite exhibits the CO production rate of 123.16μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 17.3 times higher than that of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9).Moreover,the Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/Co-NG composite photocatalyst exhibits nearly 100% CO selectivity as well as impressive long-term stability.Charge carrier dynamic characterizations such as Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),single-particle PL microscope and transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy demonstrate the vital role of Co-NG cocatalyst in accelerating the transfer and separation of photogenerated charges and improving photocatalytic performance.The reaction mechanism has been demonstrated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy measurement.In addition,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy test and theoretical calculation reveal the reaction reactive sites and reaction energy barriers,demonstrating that the introduction of Co-NG promotes the formation of ^(*)COOH intermediate,providing sufficient evidence for the highly selective generation of CO.This work provides an effective single-atom-based cocatalyst modification strategy for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction and is expected to shed light on other photocatalytic applications.展开更多
Constructing a heterojunction photocatalyst is a significant method to enhance photocatalytic activity because it can promote the separation of photogene rated carriers.Herein,amorphous/crystalline contact Bi_(2)S_(3)...Constructing a heterojunction photocatalyst is a significant method to enhance photocatalytic activity because it can promote the separation of photogene rated carriers.Herein,amorphous/crystalline contact Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)0_(7) heterostructure was successfully synthesized by in-situ sulfidation of Bi407.The amorphous Bi_(2)S_(3) is diffused on the surface of Bi_(4)0_(7) rod,enhancing the visible light response and improving the transport of photogene rated carriers.Various characterizations confirm that the rapid separation of photogene rated carriers leads to increased photocatalytic performance.The optimized Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)O_(7) heterostructure photocatalyst(BiS-0.15) exhibits the highest Cr(Ⅵ) reduction(0.01350 min^(-1)) and RhB oxidation(0.08011 min^(-1)) activity,which is much higher than that of pure Bi_(4)0_(7) and mixture under visible light irradiation.This work provides new insights into the construction of efficient novel photocatalysts.展开更多
Efficient composite semiconductor photocatalysts are highly desirable for the visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst was prepared via a hydrothermal method and...Efficient composite semiconductor photocatalysts are highly desirable for the visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst was prepared via a hydrothermal method and modified with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) through a facile deposition procedure. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance. The 1.0 wt% Pt/Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst showed the highest activity for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light (source: 300 W Xe lamp coupled with a UV-cutoff filter), and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency improved about 2.2 times compared to that of pure Bi24O31Cl10. The composite photocatalyst could maintain most of its activity after four runs of the photocatalytic experimental cycle. This study could provide a novel insight for the modification of other desirable semiconductor materials to achieve high photocatalytic activities.展开更多
Bi/MnBi eutectic in situ composite was produced by unidirectional solid-ification technique.The eutectic has a quasi-regular structure,in which the MnBi fi-bre is V-shaped in cross section and rod-like in longitudinal...Bi/MnBi eutectic in situ composite was produced by unidirectional solid-ification technique.The eutectic has a quasi-regular structure,in which the MnBi fi-bre is V-shaped in cross section and rod-like in longitudinal section,the aspect ratio isabout 300.The formation mechanism of this V-shaped MnBi phase was studied bycrystallographic analysis.The conclusion is that the(1120)face is the closest packedone while the(1010)face is the next.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209057)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A04J0839).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered as a promising energy storage system owing to its abundant potassium resources.As an important part of the battery composition,anode materials play a vital role in the future development of PIBs.Bismuth-based anode materials demonstrate great potential for storing potassium ions(K^(+))due to their layered structure,high theoretical capacity based on the alloying reaction mechanism,and safe operating voltage.However,the large radius of K^(+)inevitably induces severe volume expansion in depotassiation/potassiation,and the sluggish kinetics of K^(+)insertion/extraction limits its further development.Herein,we summarize the strategies used to improve the potassium storage properties of various types of materials and introduce recent advances in the design and fabrication of favorable structural features of bismuth-based materials.Firstly,this review analyzes the structure,working mechanism and advantages and disadvantages of various types of materials for potassium storage.Then,based on this,the manuscript focuses on summarizing modification strategies including structural and morphological design,compositing with other materials,and electrolyte optimization,and elucidating the advantages of various modifications in enhancing the potassium storage performance.Finally,we outline the current challenges of bismuth-based materials in PIBs and put forward some prospects to be verified.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.22308336)the City University of Hong Kong start-up fund.
文摘Sunlight-driven photocatalysis,which can produce clean fuels and mitigate environmental pollution,has received extensive research attention due to its potential for addressing both energy shortages and environmental crises.Bismuth(Bi)-based photocatalysts with broad spectrum solar-light absorption and tunable structures,exhibit promising applications in solar-driven photocatalysis.Oxygen vacancy(OV)engineering is a widely recognized strategy that shows great potential for accelerating charge separation and small molecule activation.Based on OV engineering,this review focuses on Bi-based photocatalysts and provides a comprehensive overview including synthetic methods,regulation strategies,and applications in photocatalytic field.The synthetic methods of Bibased photocatalysts with OVs(BPOVs)are classified into hydrothermal,solvothermal,ultraviolet light reduction,calcination,chemical etching,and mechanical methods based on different reaction types,which provide the possibility for the structural regulation of BPOVs,including dimensional regulation,vacancy creation,elemental doping,and heterojunction fabrication.Furthermore,this review also highlights the photocatalytic applications of BPOVs,including CO_(2)reduction,N2 fixation,H2 generation,O_(2)evolution,pollutant degradation,cancer therapy,and bacteria inactivation.Finally,the conclusion and prospects toward the future development of BPOVs photocatalysts are presented.
基金financially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22002185)+2 种基金the Civil Aerospace Technology Research Project(No.B0108)Qian Xuesen Youth Innovation Foundation,the Central Universities(Nos.31020195C001,310201QD0410 and 3102019ZD0403)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(No.2020JQ-143)。
文摘Selective CO_(2) reduction to formate with highadded value is one of the most technologically and economically feasible pathways to realize electrochemical CO_(2) fixation. Bismuth-based catalysts have the advantages of nontoxicity, low cost, high abundance, as well as excellent stability. In addition, bismuth-based catalysts display excellent selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate in aqueous electrolytes due to high-hydrogen evolution overpotential. Hence, bismuthbased catalysts are by far the most commercially available materials for electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate.In this review, the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuth-based catalysts is elaborated. Firstly,this review describes performance evaluation indexes,evaluation systems and reaction mechanisms of the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuthbased catalysts. Subsequently, the research means to reveal the reaction mechanism of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuth-based catalysts and the performance improvement strategies of the reaction are described in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this encouraging field are discussed. We believe that this review will contribute to further development of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to formate over bismuthbased catalysts.
基金financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Nos.2016YFE0112200 and 2016YFC0202700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21507011,21677037 and 21607027)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Nos. 19ZR1471200,17ZR1440200)
文摘Bismuth-based material has been broadly studied due to their potential applications in various areas,especially used as promising photocatalysts for the removal of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and several approaches have been adopted to tailor their features.Herein,the bismuth-based photocatalysts(BiOCl,BiPO4,BiOPO4/BiOCl) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and advanced characterization techniques(XRD,SEM,EDS elemental mapping,Raman and UV-vis DRS) were employed to analyze their morphology,crystal structure,and purity of the prepared photocatalysts.These synthesized photocatalysts offered a praiseworthy activity as compared to commercial TiO2(P25) for the degradation of model pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) under 254 nm UV light.It was interesting to observe that all synthesized photocatalysts show significant degradation of PFOA and their photocatalytic activity follows the order:bismuth-based catalysts> TiO2(P25)> without catalyst.Bismuth-based catalysts degraded the PFOA by almost 99.99% within 45 min while this degradation efficiency was 66.05% with TiO2 under the same reaction condition.Our work shows that the bismuth-based photocatalysts are promising in PFOA treatment.
基金This work was financially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1501504)Natural Science Foundation of China(22172135,22288102,92045302,and 22021001).
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by clean electric energy such as solar and wind,can not only alleviate environmental greenhouse effect stemming from excessive CO_(2)emissions,but also realize the storage of renewable energy,for it guarantees the production of value-added chemicals and fuels.Among CO_(2)RR products,formic acid shows great advantages in low energy consumption and high added-value,and thus producing formic acid is generally considered as a profitable line for CO_(2)RR.Bismuth-based electrocatalysts exhibit high formic acid selectivity in CO_(2)RR.Herein,we review the recent progress in bismuth-based electrocatalysts for CO_(2)RR,including material synthesis,performance optimization/validation,and electrolyzers.The effects of morphologies,structure,and composition of bismuth-based electrocatalysts on CO_(2)RR performance are highlighted.Simultaneously,in situ spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations for reaction mechanism of CO_(2)RR on Bi-based catalysts are emphasized.The applications and optimization of electrolyzers with high current density for CO_(2)RR are summarized.Finally,conclusions and future directions in this field are prospected.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(222RC548)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22109034,22109035,52164028,62105083,21805104)+3 种基金the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province(KFKT2021007)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-20008,20082,20083,20084,21065,21124,21125)the Innovative Research Projects for Graduate Students of Hainan Province(Qhyb2022-89,Qhys2022-174)the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China and the Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.
文摘To decipher the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity(SC),it is important to know how the superconducting pairing emerges from the unusual normal states of cuprate superconductors,including pseudogap,anomalous Fermi liquid and strange metal(SM).A long-standing issue under debate is how the superconducting pairing is formed and condensed in the SM phase because the superconducting transition temperature is the highest in this phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379023 and 22102007)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Fund project(No.YQ2024B002)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740555)Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.LBH-Z23001 and LBHZ24003)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(No.N-22-07).
文摘Bismuth(Bi)-based catalysts have been gaining recognition as the most promising catalyst materials for the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)to produce formate,which provides a potential way to solve the energy crisis and the global climate crisis.However,the dynamic structural evolution of catalysts is usually observed during the operando conditions,resulting in the great difficulties for the identification of intrinsic active sites and the revelation of the structure-activity relationship at the atomic scale.This significantly hinders the development of new-type Bi-catalysts with high performance and excellent stability.This review summarizes the new findings and in-depth understanding of dynamic structural evolution for Bi-based catalysts,which are revealed by advanced in/ex situ characterization techniques.Furthermore,the dynamic structural evolution of state-of-the-art Bi-based catalysts is summarized based on the classification of derived active phase structures(e.g.,metallic Bi,Bi-based alloy,and high-valence Bi sites)after reconstruction.Afterward,the surface Bi defect sites and Bi-based interface structure are strongly confirmed as the intrinsic active sites for eCO_(2)RR;moreover,the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts is deeply discussed based on defect engineering and interface engineering modulation.Finally,the perspectives on the future challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are presented,which facilitate to design next-gap advanced electrocatalyst with high performance for eCO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(22306018,22136002,22302114)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30074)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFA0710304)Special Fund Project of Jiangsu Province for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(BK20220023)Changsha UniversityTsinghua University。
文摘Numerous bismuth-based semiconductors(BBSs)with sophisticated and desirable structures used as photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water organic contaminants have attracted considerable attention.However,regulating the crystal phases and phase transition of BBSs for promoted photocatalytic performance is ignored.Herein,the unique crystal structure and band structure features of each typical BBSs,and the vital roles on phase controlling of each phase were systematically presented based on the classification of BBSs.Notably,the critical factors for the phase transition of BBSs and intrinsic driving forces endowed by phases of BBSs for enhanced photocatalytic performance of organic contaminants removal were also elucidated.This review will provide systematical guidelines and horizons for regulating the crystal phase and phase transition of BBSs,promoting photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organic contaminants.
基金the startup funding support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant KY2060000150,WK2060000040)the support from USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication and NEWAREThe authors also acknowledge the advanced computing resources provided by the Supercomputing Center of the USTC.
文摘Aqueous rechargeable zinc metal batteries display high theoretical capacity along with economical effectiveness,environmental benignity and high safety.However,dendritic growth and chemical corrosion at the Zn anodes limit their widespread applications.Here,we construct a Zn/Bi electrode via in-situ growth of a Bi-based energizer upon Zn metal surface using a replacement reaction.Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the Bi-based energizer composed of metallic Bi and ZnBi alloy contributes to Zn plating/stripping due to strong adsorption energy and fast ion transport rates.The resultant Zn/Bi electrode not only circumvents Zn dendrite growth but also improves Zn anode anti-corrosion performance.Specifically,the corrosion current of the Zn/Bi electrode is reduced by 90%compared to bare Zn.Impressively,an ultra-low overpotential of 12mV and stable cycling for 4000h are achieved in a Zn/Bi symmetric cell.A Zn–Cu/Bi asymmetric cell displays a cycle life of 1000 cycles,with an average Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.6%.In addition,an assembled Zn/Bi-activated carbon hybrid capacitor exhibits a stable life of more than 50,000 cycles,an energy density of 64Wh kg−1,and a power density of 7kWkg−1.The capacity retention rate of a Zn/Bi–MnO_(2)full cell is improved by over 150%compared to a Zn–MnO_(2)cell without the Bi-based energizer.Our findings open a new arena for the industrialization of Zn metal batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y107070)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (2006A610026)sponsored by K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘The population rate and power propagation equations are presented and solved to compare the amplification performances of bismuth-based Er3+-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) pumped by 980-and 1480-nm lasers,respectively.In both single signal and coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing(CWDM)signals inputs,the 1480-nm pumped bismuth-based EDFA provides a larger signal gain than the 980-nm pumped one does,whereas the latter provides a relatively lower noise figure (NF).Comparative results indicate that the 1480-nm pumping scheme is more advantageous for bismuth-based EDFA regarding the band width and gain property.
基金jointly supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes(grant no.2022J002)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant nos.LY20E080014 and TGN23E080003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51708504)the Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan(grant no.2022C41011).
文摘Photocatalysis has been expected to be a promising advanced oxidation process to endlessly convert exhaustless solar energy into storable,transportable,and usable chemical energy.As a kind of visible light-response semiconductors,Bi-based semiconductors can be developed into step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalysts,consisting of a reductive photocatalyst(RP)and an oxidative photocatalyst(OP)with band edge bending.This review sums up the state-of-the-art progress in Bi-based S-scheme heterojunctions,as well as the in-/ex-situ experiments and theoretical calculations to uncover the unique heterostructure and charge transfer mechanism of Bi-based S-scheme heterojunctions in depth.We can find that Bi-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts have advantages in impeding the recombination of photo-induced electron-hole pairs,expediting the charge transfer,broadening solar energy utilization,and maximizing the potential energy of photo-redox reaction sites.Additionally,the recently published work on the potential applications of Bi-based S-scheme heterojunctions is also summarized,including photocatalytic H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction with water,pollutant degradation,H_(2)O_(2) production,and N_(2) photofixation for ammonia and urea production by comparing and discussing their photocatalytic efficiency.On the basis of research progress,the immediate challenges and future perspectives of Bi-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are critically debated.
文摘A new process (solution-sol-gel-SHS,SSGS) based on the combination of the advantages of solution-sol-gel (SSG) process and solution self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process has been developed to synthesize bismuth-based superconductor precursor powder.The new process consists of two main steps: (i) SSG process is used to prepare homogeneous wet gel;(ii) solution SHS process is carried out to transit wet gel to soft-agglomerated ultrafine (~0.3μm) precursor powder with low carbon content (<400×10-6).The new process has overcome many serious shortcomings of traditional SSG-processed powder such as hard agglomerate,coarse particles and high carbon content,and also greatly shortened the powder preparation period.The powder can be sintered into 110K 2223 superconductor with excellent quality in a short time.The process parameters to obtain homogeneous wet gel are optimized and SSG transition mechanism is also discussed.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12305372 and 22376217)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1603802 and 2022YFB3504100)+1 种基金the projects of the key laboratory of advanced energy materials chemistry,ministry of education(Nankai University)key laboratory of Jiangxi Province for persistent pollutants prevention control and resource reuse(2023SSY02061)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CO_(2)RR due to their high catalytic activity,selectivity,excellent stability,and low cost.However,they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications.This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories:(1)defect engineering,(2)atomic doping engineering,(3)organic framework engineering,(4)inorganic heterojunction engineering,(5)crystal face engineering,and(6)alloying and polarization engineering.Meanwhile,the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail,aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bibased catalysts fundamentally.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the(1)combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies,(2)revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis,and(3)in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms.On the one hand,through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies,a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers,which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites,charge transport paths,and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products,but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts;on the other hand,the promising collaborative regulation strategies,controllable synthetic paths,and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts,conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175202,22005351,22365016)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010180)+3 种基金Program of Guangzhou Science and Technology(No.202201011591)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC3179)Scientific Research Start-up Fund of Jishou University(No.1122003)support of National Supercomputer Center in Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou。
文摘Optimizing the interfacial quality of halide perovskites heterojunction to promote the photogenerated charge separation is of great significance in photocatalytic reactions.However,the delicately regulation of interfacial structure and properties of halide perovskites hybrid is still a big challenge owing to the growth uncontrollability and incompatibility between different constituents.Here we use Bi OBr nanosheets as the start-template to in situ epitaxially grow Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)nanosheets by“cosharing”Bi and Br atoms strategy for designing a 2D/2D Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/BiOBr heterojunction.Systematic studies show that the epitaxial heterojunction can optimize the synergistic effect of Bi OBr and Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)via the formation of tight-contact interfaces,strong interfacial electronic coupling and charge redistribution,which can not only drive the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism to greatly promote the spatial separation of electronhole pairs,but also modulate the interfacial electronic structure to facilitate the adsorption and activation of toluene molecules.The heterojunction exhibited 62.3 and 2.4-fold photoactivity improvement for toluene oxidation to benzaldehyde than parental Bi OBr and Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9),respectively.This study not only proposed a novel dual atom-bridge protocol to engineer high-quality perovskite heterojunctions,but also uncovered the potential of heterojunction in promoting electron-hole separation as well as the application in photocatalytic organic synthesis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175177,21971238,22193042,21833010,22125110,22122507,21921001,and U21A2069)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-LY-SLH024)+1 种基金The National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021315)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0210402)。
文摘Lead-halide perovskites exhibit outstanding performance in X-ray detection due to their intrinsic features such as high charge carrier mobility,large atomic number,and long carrier lifetime,but the toxicity of lead is regarded as the major factor hindering their development.Here,we introduce organic molecule(R)-(-)-2-methylpiperazine(R-MPz)into the bismuth-based structure to synthesize lead-free(R)-(H_(2)MPz)BiI_(5)(R-MBI).The high-quality centimeter-sized single crystals have been obtained,which show a low dark current and superior environmental stability.Particularly,the single-crystal device of R-MBI exhibits a highμτproduct up to 1.88×10^(-4)cm^(2)/V and a low trap density of 1.21×10^(10)cm^(-3).Further,the detector displays excellent detection sensitivity of 263.58μC Gy_(air)^(-1)cm^(-2)and a favorable low detection limit of 4.35μGyair/s,both of which meet the requirement for medical diagnostics.These findings shed light on the exploration of innovative bismuth-based hybrid perovskites for high-performance X-ray detection.
文摘Metal halide perovskite(MHP)has become one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction owing to the wide light absorption range,negative conduction band position and high reduction ability.However,photoreduction of CO_(2) by MHP remains a challenge because of the slow charge separation and transfer.Herein,a cobalt single-atom modified nitrogen-doped graphene(Co-NG)cocatalyst is prepared for enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction of bismuth-based MHP Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9).The optimal Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/Co-NG composite exhibits the CO production rate of 123.16μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 17.3 times higher than that of Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9).Moreover,the Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9)/Co-NG composite photocatalyst exhibits nearly 100% CO selectivity as well as impressive long-term stability.Charge carrier dynamic characterizations such as Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),single-particle PL microscope and transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy demonstrate the vital role of Co-NG cocatalyst in accelerating the transfer and separation of photogenerated charges and improving photocatalytic performance.The reaction mechanism has been demonstrated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy measurement.In addition,in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy test and theoretical calculation reveal the reaction reactive sites and reaction energy barriers,demonstrating that the introduction of Co-NG promotes the formation of ^(*)COOH intermediate,providing sufficient evidence for the highly selective generation of CO.This work provides an effective single-atom-based cocatalyst modification strategy for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction and is expected to shed light on other photocatalytic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51808250,51676082)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Nos.BK20160430,BK20181070)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds of China (No.1601179C)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2016M591757,2017M610336)Jiangsu Key Research and Development (R&D) Projects (Social Development,No.BE2020772)。
文摘Constructing a heterojunction photocatalyst is a significant method to enhance photocatalytic activity because it can promote the separation of photogene rated carriers.Herein,amorphous/crystalline contact Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)0_(7) heterostructure was successfully synthesized by in-situ sulfidation of Bi407.The amorphous Bi_(2)S_(3) is diffused on the surface of Bi_(4)0_(7) rod,enhancing the visible light response and improving the transport of photogene rated carriers.Various characterizations confirm that the rapid separation of photogene rated carriers leads to increased photocatalytic performance.The optimized Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)O_(7) heterostructure photocatalyst(BiS-0.15) exhibits the highest Cr(Ⅵ) reduction(0.01350 min^(-1)) and RhB oxidation(0.08011 min^(-1)) activity,which is much higher than that of pure Bi_(4)0_(7) and mixture under visible light irradiation.This work provides new insights into the construction of efficient novel photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572295,21273285 and 21003157)Beijing Nova Program(2008B76)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum Beijing(KYJJ2012-06-20 and 2462016YXBS05)~~
文摘Efficient composite semiconductor photocatalysts are highly desirable for the visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst was prepared via a hydrothermal method and modified with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) through a facile deposition procedure. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance. The 1.0 wt% Pt/Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst showed the highest activity for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light (source: 300 W Xe lamp coupled with a UV-cutoff filter), and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency improved about 2.2 times compared to that of pure Bi24O31Cl10. The composite photocatalyst could maintain most of its activity after four runs of the photocatalytic experimental cycle. This study could provide a novel insight for the modification of other desirable semiconductor materials to achieve high photocatalytic activities.
文摘Bi/MnBi eutectic in situ composite was produced by unidirectional solid-ification technique.The eutectic has a quasi-regular structure,in which the MnBi fi-bre is V-shaped in cross section and rod-like in longitudinal section,the aspect ratio isabout 300.The formation mechanism of this V-shaped MnBi phase was studied bycrystallographic analysis.The conclusion is that the(1120)face is the closest packedone while the(1010)face is the next.
