目的:评价MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper鉴定克罗诺杆菌的效果。方法:应用MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper与API20E分别对32株克罗诺杆菌(28株分离株,4株参考菌株)与相近菌株阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌进行鉴定,并对鉴定结果分析比较。结果:MALDI-TOF MS Bi...目的:评价MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper鉴定克罗诺杆菌的效果。方法:应用MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper与API20E分别对32株克罗诺杆菌(28株分离株,4株参考菌株)与相近菌株阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌进行鉴定,并对鉴定结果分析比较。结果:MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper2.0将32株克罗诺杆菌鉴定到种、属水平分别为56.2%和37.5%;API20E为75%、21.9%。3株菌未获得鉴定结果,其余29株菌的鉴定结果相符。结论:MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper作为一种新的细菌鉴定手段,可用于克罗诺杆菌的鉴定。展开更多
目的评估珠海迪尔Smart MS 5020型基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)系统及其2630种数据库(以下简称Smart MS 5020系统)对临床微生物的鉴定能力。方法共纳入2016—2020年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院留存的临床分离菌株913...目的评估珠海迪尔Smart MS 5020型基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)系统及其2630种数据库(以下简称Smart MS 5020系统)对临床微生物的鉴定能力。方法共纳入2016—2020年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院留存的临床分离菌株913株,覆盖18个属52个种或复合群。采用直接涂抹法进行鉴定,比对仪器为德国布鲁克Biotyper MS系统及其DB2969数据库(以下简称Biotyper MS),对于两台质谱仪不一致的鉴定结果,采用16S rRNA扩增测序作为判定的金标准。针对复合群(鲍曼不动杆菌复合群、阴沟肠杆菌复合群以及肺炎克雷伯菌复合群),采用二代测序的鉴定结果作为金标准,统计学方法采用卡方检验。选取13株室内质控菌株作为重复性评估的检测样本,每株菌在Smart MS 5020系统上平行检测3次,判断其鉴定结果的一致性。结果对913株临床菌株,Biotyper MS系统种水平鉴定准确率为100%(913/913,95%CI:99.48%~99.58%),Smart MS 5020系统种水平鉴定准确率为99.78%(911/913,95%CI:99.12%~99.20%),2株表皮葡萄球菌鉴定为柯氏葡萄球菌;在临床微生物的鉴定能力方面,2种方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复性评估结果显示,Smart MS 5020系统对13株室内质控菌株的鉴定结果完全一致。结论Smart MS 5020系统对临床常见微生物有很好的鉴定能力,包括复合群的鉴定能准确鉴定到复合群,对一些难区分菌如嗜血杆菌、链球菌等均能准确鉴定,但对复合群内具体种的细分能力有限,需要结合分子生物学、血清学或其他补充实验来准确鉴定。展开更多
The ecological effects of plant-virus-vector interactions on invasion of alien plant viral vectors have been rarely investigated. We examined the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf cur/China virus （TYLCCNV） by the i...The ecological effects of plant-virus-vector interactions on invasion of alien plant viral vectors have been rarely investigated. We examined the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf cur/China virus （TYLCCNV） by the invasive Q biotype and the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a plant viral vector, as well as the influence of TYLCCNV-infection of plants on the performance of the two whitefly biotypes. Both whitefly biotypes were able to acquire viruses from infected plants and retained them in their bodies, but were unable to transmit them to either tobacco or tomato plants. However, when the Q biotype fed on tobacco plants infected with TYLCCNV, its fecundity and longevity were increased by 7- and 1-fold, respectively, compared to those of the Q biotype fed on uninfected tobacco plants. When the ZHJ2 biotype fed on virus-infected plants, its fecundity and longevity were increased by only 2- and 0.5-fold, respectively. These data show that the Q biotype acquired higher beneficial effects from TYLCCNV-infection of tobacco plants than the ZHJ2 biotype. Thus, the Q biotype whitefly may have advantages in its invasion and displacement of the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype.展开更多
Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder(MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This...Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder(MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This study included 116 patients with MDD and118 demographically-matched healthy controls assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive evaluation.Hierarchical clustering was applied to the major fiber tracts, in conjunction with tract-based spatial statistics, to reveal white-matter alterations associated with MDD.Clinical and neurocognitive differences were compared between identified subgroups and healthy controls. With fractional anisotropy extracted from 20 fiber tracts, cluster analysis revealed 3 subgroups based on the patterns of abnormalities. Patients in each subgroup versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of white-matter alterations as follows: subgroup 1(25.9% of patient sample),widespread white-matter disruption;subgroup 2(43.1% of patient sample), intermediate and more localized abnormalities in aspects of the corpus callosum and left cingulate;and subgroup 3(31.0% of patient sample),possible mild alterations, but no statistically significant tract disruption after controlling for family-wise error. The neurocognitive impairment in each subgroup accompanied the white-matter alterations: subgroup 1, deficits in sustained attention and delayed memory;subgroup 2, dysfunction in delayed memory;and subgroup 3, no significant deficits. Three subtypes of white-matter abnormality exist in individuals with major depression, those having widespread abnormalities suffering more neurocognitive impairments, which may provide evidence for parsing the heterogeneity of the disorder and help optimize typespecific treatment approaches.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.T...BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.This case report aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)in an adult patient with class I malocclusion along with dental crowding,a thin periodontal biotype,and buccal plate deficiency.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female complaining of dental crowding and gingival bleeding was referred to the orthodontic clinic.The patient underwent periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment.She was diagnosed with a high risk of gingival recession due to dental crowding,root prominence,loss of buccal plates,and a thin gingival tissue biotype.The treatment regimen included PAOO combined with autologous PRF for alveolar augmentation and interproximal enamel reduction for moderate dental crowding.Clinically,PAOO-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in this case showed enhanced periodontium remodeling.Radiographic outcomes also showed statistically significant improvements(P<0.01)in the mandibular buccal alveolar bone.CONCLUSION This case report suggests the combination of autologous PRF with PAOO to enhance bone augmentation and long-term tissue support in adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease.展开更多
Aphis gossypfi is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the detai...Aphis gossypfi is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytb and 16S gene regions of A. gossypfi collected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A. gossyp# sequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China.展开更多
The polyphagous B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） has demonstrated a high capacity to adapt to numerous hosts from diverse plant families. To illustrate induced responses by the host plant, biochemical researc...The polyphagous B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） has demonstrated a high capacity to adapt to numerous hosts from diverse plant families. To illustrate induced responses by the host plant, biochemical research on eight plant-insect interaction correlative enzymes, representing detoxifying, antioxidant and digestive pathways, were investigated. Transferring whitefly adults to Zhongmian 23 from the pre-adapted host Zhongmian 41 induced activities of carboxylesterase （by 1.80-fold）, glutathione S-transferase （by 3.79-fold）, proteinase （by 1.62-fold） and amylase （by 2.41-fold） activities, hut decreased polyphenol oxidase （by 1.89-fold） and peroxidase （by 1.88-fold）. However, transferring whitefly adults to the favorite host abutilon from Zhongmian 41 was associated with increased activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （by 1.61-fold） and amylase （by 1.42-fold）, and decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase （by 2.96-fold） and peroxidase （by 2.07-fold）. Our results, together with previous studies, proved that multiple pathways are involved in coping with host shifts by polyphagous herbivores, and the taxonomic status and preference of the host transferred would affect which pathway would be induced. These results would represent a key challenge in developing long-term sustainable insect control strategies.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is a serious pest in many cropping systems worldwide and occurs in different biotypes. ThemtDNA COI gene of the 12 Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) populations from different regions and countries ...Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is a serious pest in many cropping systems worldwide and occurs in different biotypes. ThemtDNA COI gene of the 12 Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) populations from different regions and countries were analyzed.Based on mtDNA COI sequences, their biotypes were characterized and phylogenetic relationships among thesepopulations were established with the method of UPGMA. The results indicated the genetic similarity between thosepopulations from Beijing, Zhengzhou, Zaozhuang, Nanjing, Shanghai, Haikou, and the B-biotype populations fromCalifornia, Texas, Arizona reached 99.8-100%, which meant the nation-wide infested populations of B.tabaci in China inrecent years were B-biotypes. Another population collected from Kunming of Yunnan Province showed very high similaritywith Q-biotype B.tabaci from Spain and Morocco, which meant the Kunming population was Q-biotype. This is the firstreport on the invasion of Q-biotype into China.展开更多
Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects,and heat shock proteins（Hsps）play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms.To better underst...Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects,and heat shock proteins（Hsps）play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms.To better understand the temperature tolerance of the indigenous ZHJ2-biotype of whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex,we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsp90,hsp70,and hsp20 and analyzed their expression profiles under different high temperature treatments by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The high temperature tolerance of B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype was determined by survival rate after exposure to different high temperatures for 1 h.The results showed that after 41°C heat-shock treatment for 1 h,the survival rates of ZHJ2 adults declined significantly and the estimated temperature required to cause 50% mortality（LT50）is 42.85°C for 1 h.Temperatures for onset（Ton）or maximal（Tmax）induction of hsps expression in B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype were 35 and 39°C（or 41°C）.Compared with previous studies,indigenous ZHJ2-biotype exhibits lower heat temperature stress tolerance and Ton（or Tmax）than the invasive B-biotype.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotypes B and Q are two invasive biotypes in the species complex. The comparison of the population genetic structure of the two biotypes is of significance to show their invasive mechanis...Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotypes B and Q are two invasive biotypes in the species complex. The comparison of the population genetic structure of the two biotypes is of significance to show their invasive mechanism and to their control. The intersimple sequence repeats （ISSR） marker was used to analyze the 16 B-biotype populations and 4 Q-biotype populations worldwide with a Trialeurodes vaporariorum population in Shanxi Province, China, and a B. tabaci non-B/Qbiotype population in Zhejiang Province, China, was used as control populations. The analysis of genetic diversity showed that the diversity indexes of biotype Q including Nei＇s gene diversity index, Shannon informative index, and the percentage of polymorphic loci were higher than those of biotype B. The high genetic diversity of biotype Q might provide the genetic basis for the excellent ecological adaptation. Cluster analysis suggested that the ISSR could not be used in the phylogenetic analysis though it could easily distinguish the biotypes of B. tabaci. The difference of the population genetic structure between the biotype B and the biotype Q exists based on the ISSR marker. Meanwhile, the results suggested that the molecular marker has its limitation in the phylogenetic analysis among the biotypes of B. tabaci.展开更多
Morphology and morphometry of six biotypes （B, Q, Cv, ZHJ-1, ZHJ-2 and ZHJ-3） of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） from China on cotton plants were studied by using microscopes. Nymphal body sizes and characters were mea...Morphology and morphometry of six biotypes （B, Q, Cv, ZHJ-1, ZHJ-2 and ZHJ-3） of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） from China on cotton plants were studied by using microscopes. Nymphal body sizes and characters were measured and observed, especially on the 4th instar （pupal case）, including the vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, length and thickness of anterior and posterior wax margins, width of thoracic tracheal combs. Adult characters of both sexes were investigated including the body size, compound eyes, antennal segments, vasiform orifice, hind tarsi and genitals. The results indicated that differences of some morphological characters or morphometrics were significant among the six biotypes of B. tabaci in China： （1） Pupal sizes of the exotic biotypes （B and Q） were significantly larger than the indigenous biotypes with the following order as B〉Q〉ZHJ-I〉Cv〉ZHJ-3〉ZHJ-2; （2） for both male and female adults, sizes of all characters investigated in the invading biotypes （B and Q）, especially B, were much larger than those of the indigenous ones.展开更多
The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aph...The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aphids from cotton and cucumber could not inter-transplant successfully between the two host plants. The apterous and alate offspring of stem mother from hibiscus could not survive, reproduce and form population normally when they were transplanted to cucumber and water melon, but they could form normally when transplanted to cotton and muskmelon. There was no significant difference between the stylet length of cotton aphids from cucumber and cotton, so the stylet length was not the cause of the host preference. When the aphids originated on hibiscus were transplanted to cotton, water melon and muskmelon, the stylet could reach host phloem to absorb host plant’s nutrients, but it couldn’t when transplanted to cucumber. Cotton aphid can feed on muskmelon without secretion of water-soluble saliv展开更多
The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q b...The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide.The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks.The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications.While in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the B.tabaci population from one year to another.Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B.tabaci biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.展开更多
In order to isolate and identify the pathogens causing Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd in Hainan Province, China, four bitter gourd plants exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium wilt were collected from Tunchang County, Hainan...In order to isolate and identify the pathogens causing Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd in Hainan Province, China, four bitter gourd plants exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium wilt were collected from Tunchang County, Hainan Province. Four pathogen strains （HNTC-01, HNTC-02, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04） were isolated from the four plants, and identified via morphological observation and molecular techniques. The results showed that HNTC--01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum, while HNTC-02 was F. graminearum. The tests on pathogenicity and host specificity showed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum Schl. f. sp. momordicae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03, HNTC-04 were clustered together with 14 strains of F. oxysporum, and HNTC-02 was clustered together with six strains of F. graminearum. In addition, rDNA-ITS region can be used to distinguish different Fusarium species, but can not be used to distinguish different biotypes within a Fusarium species. This study could provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of wilt in bitter gourd.展开更多
Biological invasion refers to the process of invading into another new environment through natural or man-made means from the original place of existence,which includes several stages of introduction,colonization,incu...Biological invasion refers to the process of invading into another new environment through natural or man-made means from the original place of existence,which includes several stages of introduction,colonization,incubation,diffusion and outbreak.Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide important agricultural pest composed of multiple biotypes.Studies have confirmed that the B biotype Bemisia tabaci that invaded China has been genetically differentiated,and the Q biotype Bemisia tabaci has replaced the B biotype in most areas of China.Bemisia tabaci has become the dominant biotype in the field.展开更多
Objective: To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis(G. vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology, metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Meth...Objective: To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis(G. vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology, metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Methods: It is a single-centre(Gynaecology clinic at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia) prospective study with laboratory-based microbiological follow up and analyses. Vaginal swabs collected from the patients suspected for BV were subjected to clinical BV diagnosis, isolation and identification of G. vaginalis, metronidazole susceptibility testing, vaginolysin and sialidase gene PCR, Piot's biotyping and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotyping.Results: Among the 207 patients suspected for BV, G. vaginalis was isolated from 47 subjects. G. vaginalis coexisted with Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in 26 samples. Three G. vaginalis isolates were resistant to metronidazole. Biotyping revealed 1 and 7 as the common types. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotype II was found to be more common(n = 22; 46%) than I(n = 12; 25.53%) and III(n = 13;27.6%). All genotype I and III isolates carried the sialidase gene, while 91.6% and 84.6%contained the vaginolysin gene. Genotype I was significantly associated with postgynaecological surgical complications and abortions(P = 0.002).Conclusions: The existence of pathogenic G. vaginalis clones in Malaysia including drug resistant strains should not be taken lightly and needs to be monitored as these may bring more complications especially among women of child bearing age and pregnant women.展开更多
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Brucella, which poses great threat to human health. Totally 234 milk samples from a scale dairy farm were amplified by nested PCR, and the pathogens were further separated...Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Brucella, which poses great threat to human health. Totally 234 milk samples from a scale dairy farm were amplified by nested PCR, and the pathogens were further separated. The results showed that a DNA band of 419 bp was amplified from 18 out ot＂234 milk samples. Among 18 positive milk samples, nine samples amplified the DNA band of 535 bp, which were B. su/s ; one sample amplified the DNA bands of 535 bp and 285 bp, which was the mixture of B. su/s and B. bov/s. The results laid a foundation for prevention and control of brucellosis.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Brucella strains in Xinjiang and then provide an available integrated measure to prevent and control brucellosis. [ Method ] Eleven sus...[ Objective] The paper aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Brucella strains in Xinjiang and then provide an available integrated measure to prevent and control brucellosis. [ Method ] Eleven suspected Brucella strains were isolated by traditional methods, which were further identified by AMOS-PCR assay. Conventional biochemical tests were carried out to identify the biological subtype of sheep Brucella. [ Result] Nine strains were all B. meliten- s/s, and biological test indicated that all of them were B. melitensis biotype 3. [ Conclusion] B. melitensis biotype 3 was the predominant strain of Brucella in Xin- jiang, and AMOS-PCR assay could be applied safely and quickly as an assistant tool to detect Brucella. The results of molecular epidemiology laid a foundation for updating prevention and control strategy against brucellosis in Xinjiang.展开更多
文摘目的:评价MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper鉴定克罗诺杆菌的效果。方法:应用MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper与API20E分别对32株克罗诺杆菌(28株分离株,4株参考菌株)与相近菌株阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌进行鉴定,并对鉴定结果分析比较。结果:MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper2.0将32株克罗诺杆菌鉴定到种、属水平分别为56.2%和37.5%;API20E为75%、21.9%。3株菌未获得鉴定结果,其余29株菌的鉴定结果相符。结论:MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper作为一种新的细菌鉴定手段,可用于克罗诺杆菌的鉴定。
文摘目的评估珠海迪尔Smart MS 5020型基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)系统及其2630种数据库(以下简称Smart MS 5020系统)对临床微生物的鉴定能力。方法共纳入2016—2020年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院留存的临床分离菌株913株,覆盖18个属52个种或复合群。采用直接涂抹法进行鉴定,比对仪器为德国布鲁克Biotyper MS系统及其DB2969数据库(以下简称Biotyper MS),对于两台质谱仪不一致的鉴定结果,采用16S rRNA扩增测序作为判定的金标准。针对复合群(鲍曼不动杆菌复合群、阴沟肠杆菌复合群以及肺炎克雷伯菌复合群),采用二代测序的鉴定结果作为金标准,统计学方法采用卡方检验。选取13株室内质控菌株作为重复性评估的检测样本,每株菌在Smart MS 5020系统上平行检测3次,判断其鉴定结果的一致性。结果对913株临床菌株,Biotyper MS系统种水平鉴定准确率为100%(913/913,95%CI:99.48%~99.58%),Smart MS 5020系统种水平鉴定准确率为99.78%(911/913,95%CI:99.12%~99.20%),2株表皮葡萄球菌鉴定为柯氏葡萄球菌;在临床微生物的鉴定能力方面,2种方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复性评估结果显示,Smart MS 5020系统对13株室内质控菌株的鉴定结果完全一致。结论Smart MS 5020系统对临床常见微生物有很好的鉴定能力,包括复合群的鉴定能准确鉴定到复合群,对一些难区分菌如嗜血杆菌、链球菌等均能准确鉴定,但对复合群内具体种的细分能力有限,需要结合分子生物学、血清学或其他补充实验来准确鉴定。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30730061)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2009CB119203)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Agricultural Project (No.2007C12045),China
文摘The ecological effects of plant-virus-vector interactions on invasion of alien plant viral vectors have been rarely investigated. We examined the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf cur/China virus （TYLCCNV） by the invasive Q biotype and the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a plant viral vector, as well as the influence of TYLCCNV-infection of plants on the performance of the two whitefly biotypes. Both whitefly biotypes were able to acquire viruses from infected plants and retained them in their bodies, but were unable to transmit them to either tobacco or tomato plants. However, when the Q biotype fed on tobacco plants infected with TYLCCNV, its fecundity and longevity were increased by 7- and 1-fold, respectively, compared to those of the Q biotype fed on uninfected tobacco plants. When the ZHJ2 biotype fed on virus-infected plants, its fecundity and longevity were increased by only 2- and 0.5-fold, respectively. These data show that the Q biotype acquired higher beneficial effects from TYLCCNV-infection of tobacco plants than the ZHJ2 biotype. Thus, the Q biotype whitefly may have advantages in its invasion and displacement of the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81630030, 81130024, 81801326, and 81571320)the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme (81461168029)+3 种基金the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2016YFC0904300)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital of Sichuan Universitythe National High-Technology Research and Development Project (863 Project) of China (2015AA020513)a Scientific Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department, China (2015JY0173)
文摘Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder(MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This study included 116 patients with MDD and118 demographically-matched healthy controls assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive evaluation.Hierarchical clustering was applied to the major fiber tracts, in conjunction with tract-based spatial statistics, to reveal white-matter alterations associated with MDD.Clinical and neurocognitive differences were compared between identified subgroups and healthy controls. With fractional anisotropy extracted from 20 fiber tracts, cluster analysis revealed 3 subgroups based on the patterns of abnormalities. Patients in each subgroup versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of white-matter alterations as follows: subgroup 1(25.9% of patient sample),widespread white-matter disruption;subgroup 2(43.1% of patient sample), intermediate and more localized abnormalities in aspects of the corpus callosum and left cingulate;and subgroup 3(31.0% of patient sample),possible mild alterations, but no statistically significant tract disruption after controlling for family-wise error. The neurocognitive impairment in each subgroup accompanied the white-matter alterations: subgroup 1, deficits in sustained attention and delayed memory;subgroup 2, dysfunction in delayed memory;and subgroup 3, no significant deficits. Three subtypes of white-matter abnormality exist in individuals with major depression, those having widespread abnormalities suffering more neurocognitive impairments, which may provide evidence for parsing the heterogeneity of the disorder and help optimize typespecific treatment approaches.
基金Supported by Natured Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.1908085MH255.
文摘BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.This case report aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)in an adult patient with class I malocclusion along with dental crowding,a thin periodontal biotype,and buccal plate deficiency.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female complaining of dental crowding and gingival bleeding was referred to the orthodontic clinic.The patient underwent periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment.She was diagnosed with a high risk of gingival recession due to dental crowding,root prominence,loss of buccal plates,and a thin gingival tissue biotype.The treatment regimen included PAOO combined with autologous PRF for alveolar augmentation and interproximal enamel reduction for moderate dental crowding.Clinically,PAOO-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in this case showed enhanced periodontium remodeling.Radiographic outcomes also showed statistically significant improvements(P<0.01)in the mandibular buccal alveolar bone.CONCLUSION This case report suggests the combination of autologous PRF with PAOO to enhance bone augmentation and long-term tissue support in adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572015)the National Special Transgenic Project of China(2016ZX08012-004)
文摘Aphis gossypfi is a globally distributed species and therefore has a highly variable life cycle. Populations of A. gossypii in northern China exhibit greater genotypic diversity and a broader host range, yet the details of life cycles of different biotypes is still unclear. In this study, the Cytb and 16S gene regions of A. gossypfi collected from 5 common summer hosts and 4 primary hosts were analyzed. A total of 57 haplotypes were obtained from 1 046 individual A. gossyp# sequences. The sequence included 44 variable sites, 27 of which were parsimony informative sites and 17 of which were singleton variable sites. The most frequent 3 haplotypes were found in 896 individuals, representing a total of 85.7% of all individuals and 36 haplotypes were found in 1 individual. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed using 21 haplotypes that were found in more than 2 individuals. Considering the individual host plant, 5 biotypes were identified. Type 1 corresponded exactly to the cucurbit host-race and the other 4 biotypes were found as cotton host-races. Type 3 was the most abundant biotype in cotton fields in northern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800131)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China(2012ZYTS043)
文摘The polyphagous B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） has demonstrated a high capacity to adapt to numerous hosts from diverse plant families. To illustrate induced responses by the host plant, biochemical research on eight plant-insect interaction correlative enzymes, representing detoxifying, antioxidant and digestive pathways, were investigated. Transferring whitefly adults to Zhongmian 23 from the pre-adapted host Zhongmian 41 induced activities of carboxylesterase （by 1.80-fold）, glutathione S-transferase （by 3.79-fold）, proteinase （by 1.62-fold） and amylase （by 2.41-fold） activities, hut decreased polyphenol oxidase （by 1.89-fold） and peroxidase （by 1.88-fold）. However, transferring whitefly adults to the favorite host abutilon from Zhongmian 41 was associated with increased activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （by 1.61-fold） and amylase （by 1.42-fold）, and decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase （by 2.96-fold） and peroxidase （by 2.07-fold）. Our results, together with previous studies, proved that multiple pathways are involved in coping with host shifts by polyphagous herbivores, and the taxonomic status and preference of the host transferred would affect which pathway would be induced. These results would represent a key challenge in developing long-term sustainable insect control strategies.
基金This work was funded by the National Basic Research and Development Program(2002CB111400).
文摘Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is a serious pest in many cropping systems worldwide and occurs in different biotypes. ThemtDNA COI gene of the 12 Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) populations from different regions and countries were analyzed.Based on mtDNA COI sequences, their biotypes were characterized and phylogenetic relationships among thesepopulations were established with the method of UPGMA. The results indicated the genetic similarity between thosepopulations from Beijing, Zhengzhou, Zaozhuang, Nanjing, Shanghai, Haikou, and the B-biotype populations fromCalifornia, Texas, Arizona reached 99.8-100%, which meant the nation-wide infested populations of B.tabaci in China inrecent years were B-biotypes. Another population collected from Kunming of Yunnan Province showed very high similaritywith Q-biotype B.tabaci from Spain and Morocco, which meant the Kunming population was Q-biotype. This is the firstreport on the invasion of Q-biotype into China.
基金supported by the National Basic R&D Program of China(2009CB119200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800722)
文摘Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects,and heat shock proteins（Hsps）play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms.To better understand the temperature tolerance of the indigenous ZHJ2-biotype of whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex,we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsp90,hsp70,and hsp20 and analyzed their expression profiles under different high temperature treatments by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The high temperature tolerance of B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype was determined by survival rate after exposure to different high temperatures for 1 h.The results showed that after 41°C heat-shock treatment for 1 h,the survival rates of ZHJ2 adults declined significantly and the estimated temperature required to cause 50% mortality（LT50）is 42.85°C for 1 h.Temperatures for onset（Ton）or maximal（Tmax）induction of hsps expression in B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype were 35 and 39°C（or 41°C）.Compared with previous studies,indigenous ZHJ2-biotype exhibits lower heat temperature stress tolerance and Ton（or Tmax）than the invasive B-biotype.
基金funded by the National Program on Basic Research Projects of China (973 Program,2002CB111400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (30500331,30771410)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipal (6062024)Excellent Young Scientist Foundation of Shandong Province(2007BS06013)Innovation Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Q2006B052007YCX030)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006BAD08A18)
文摘Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotypes B and Q are two invasive biotypes in the species complex. The comparison of the population genetic structure of the two biotypes is of significance to show their invasive mechanism and to their control. The intersimple sequence repeats （ISSR） marker was used to analyze the 16 B-biotype populations and 4 Q-biotype populations worldwide with a Trialeurodes vaporariorum population in Shanxi Province, China, and a B. tabaci non-B/Qbiotype population in Zhejiang Province, China, was used as control populations. The analysis of genetic diversity showed that the diversity indexes of biotype Q including Nei＇s gene diversity index, Shannon informative index, and the percentage of polymorphic loci were higher than those of biotype B. The high genetic diversity of biotype Q might provide the genetic basis for the excellent ecological adaptation. Cluster analysis suggested that the ISSR could not be used in the phylogenetic analysis though it could easily distinguish the biotypes of B. tabaci. The difference of the population genetic structure between the biotype B and the biotype Q exists based on the ISSR marker. Meanwhile, the results suggested that the molecular marker has its limitation in the phylogenetic analysis among the biotypes of B. tabaci.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (30571219)the China National Key Project for New Trasngenic Biological Variety Development (2009ZX08012-007B)
文摘Morphology and morphometry of six biotypes （B, Q, Cv, ZHJ-1, ZHJ-2 and ZHJ-3） of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） from China on cotton plants were studied by using microscopes. Nymphal body sizes and characters were measured and observed, especially on the 4th instar （pupal case）, including the vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, length and thickness of anterior and posterior wax margins, width of thoracic tracheal combs. Adult characters of both sexes were investigated including the body size, compound eyes, antennal segments, vasiform orifice, hind tarsi and genitals. The results indicated that differences of some morphological characters or morphometrics were significant among the six biotypes of B. tabaci in China： （1） Pupal sizes of the exotic biotypes （B and Q） were significantly larger than the indigenous biotypes with the following order as B〉Q〉ZHJ-I〉Cv〉ZHJ-3〉ZHJ-2; （2） for both male and female adults, sizes of all characters investigated in the invading biotypes （B and Q）, especially B, were much larger than those of the indigenous ones.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070127).
文摘The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aphids from cotton and cucumber could not inter-transplant successfully between the two host plants. The apterous and alate offspring of stem mother from hibiscus could not survive, reproduce and form population normally when they were transplanted to cucumber and water melon, but they could form normally when transplanted to cotton and muskmelon. There was no significant difference between the stylet length of cotton aphids from cucumber and cotton, so the stylet length was not the cause of the host preference. When the aphids originated on hibiscus were transplanted to cotton, water melon and muskmelon, the stylet could reach host phloem to absorb host plant’s nutrients, but it couldn’t when transplanted to cucumber. Cotton aphid can feed on muskmelon without secretion of water-soluble saliv
基金This is contribution No.503/11 from the Agricultural Research Organization,the Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
文摘The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide.The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks.The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications.While in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the B.tabaci population from one year to another.Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B.tabaci biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.
基金Supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1630032014019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601758)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2016225)
文摘In order to isolate and identify the pathogens causing Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd in Hainan Province, China, four bitter gourd plants exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium wilt were collected from Tunchang County, Hainan Province. Four pathogen strains （HNTC-01, HNTC-02, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04） were isolated from the four plants, and identified via morphological observation and molecular techniques. The results showed that HNTC--01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum, while HNTC-02 was F. graminearum. The tests on pathogenicity and host specificity showed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum Schl. f. sp. momordicae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03, HNTC-04 were clustered together with 14 strains of F. oxysporum, and HNTC-02 was clustered together with six strains of F. graminearum. In addition, rDNA-ITS region can be used to distinguish different Fusarium species, but can not be used to distinguish different biotypes within a Fusarium species. This study could provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of wilt in bitter gourd.
文摘Biological invasion refers to the process of invading into another new environment through natural or man-made means from the original place of existence,which includes several stages of introduction,colonization,incubation,diffusion and outbreak.Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide important agricultural pest composed of multiple biotypes.Studies have confirmed that the B biotype Bemisia tabaci that invaded China has been genetically differentiated,and the Q biotype Bemisia tabaci has replaced the B biotype in most areas of China.Bemisia tabaci has become the dominant biotype in the field.
基金supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia through Research University Grant Scheme(RUGS 04-02-12-1756RU)
文摘Objective: To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis(G. vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology, metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Methods: It is a single-centre(Gynaecology clinic at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia) prospective study with laboratory-based microbiological follow up and analyses. Vaginal swabs collected from the patients suspected for BV were subjected to clinical BV diagnosis, isolation and identification of G. vaginalis, metronidazole susceptibility testing, vaginolysin and sialidase gene PCR, Piot's biotyping and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotyping.Results: Among the 207 patients suspected for BV, G. vaginalis was isolated from 47 subjects. G. vaginalis coexisted with Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in 26 samples. Three G. vaginalis isolates were resistant to metronidazole. Biotyping revealed 1 and 7 as the common types. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotype II was found to be more common(n = 22; 46%) than I(n = 12; 25.53%) and III(n = 13;27.6%). All genotype I and III isolates carried the sialidase gene, while 91.6% and 84.6%contained the vaginolysin gene. Genotype I was significantly associated with postgynaecological surgical complications and abortions(P = 0.002).Conclusions: The existence of pathogenic G. vaginalis clones in Malaysia including drug resistant strains should not be taken lightly and needs to be monitored as these may bring more complications especially among women of child bearing age and pregnant women.
文摘Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Brucella, which poses great threat to human health. Totally 234 milk samples from a scale dairy farm were amplified by nested PCR, and the pathogens were further separated. The results showed that a DNA band of 419 bp was amplified from 18 out ot＂234 milk samples. Among 18 positive milk samples, nine samples amplified the DNA band of 535 bp, which were B. su/s ; one sample amplified the DNA bands of 535 bp and 285 bp, which was the mixture of B. su/s and B. bov/s. The results laid a foundation for prevention and control of brucellosis.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of the Ministry of Agriculture"Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology System in Border Areas"(201103008)National Key Technology R&D Program"Integration and Demonstration of Production-Life-Ecosystem Safeguard Technique in Xinjiang Desert Arid Oasis Steppe Region"(2012BAD13B03)
文摘[ Objective] The paper aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of Brucella strains in Xinjiang and then provide an available integrated measure to prevent and control brucellosis. [ Method ] Eleven suspected Brucella strains were isolated by traditional methods, which were further identified by AMOS-PCR assay. Conventional biochemical tests were carried out to identify the biological subtype of sheep Brucella. [ Result] Nine strains were all B. meliten- s/s, and biological test indicated that all of them were B. melitensis biotype 3. [ Conclusion] B. melitensis biotype 3 was the predominant strain of Brucella in Xin- jiang, and AMOS-PCR assay could be applied safely and quickly as an assistant tool to detect Brucella. The results of molecular epidemiology laid a foundation for updating prevention and control strategy against brucellosis in Xinjiang.
