With the help of in-body antennas,the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices(IMDs)and exterior monitoring equipment,the telemetry system has brought us many benefits.Thus,a very thin-profile circ...With the help of in-body antennas,the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices(IMDs)and exterior monitoring equipment,the telemetry system has brought us many benefits.Thus,a very thin-profile circularly polarized(CP)in-body antenna,functioning in ISM band at 2.45 GHz,is proposed.A tapered coplanar waveguide(CPW)method is used to excite the antenna.The radiator contains a pentagonal shape with five horizontal slits inside to obtain a circular polarization behavior.A bendable Roger Duroid RT5880 material(εr=2.2,tanδ=0.0009)with a typical 0.25 mm-thickness is used as a substrate.The proposed antenna has a total volume of 21×13×0.25 mm3.The antenna covers up a bandwidth of 2.38 to 2.53 GHz(150 MHz)in vacuum,while in skin tissue it covers 1.56 to 2.72 GHz(1.16 GHz)and in the muscle tissue covers 2.16 to 3.17 GHz(1.01 GHz).GHz).The flexion analysis in the x and y axes was also performed in simulation as the proposed antenna works with a wider bandwidth in the skin and muscle tissue.The simulation and the curved antenna measurements turned out to be in good agreement.The impedance bandwidth of−10 dB and the axis ratio bandwidth of 3 dB(AR)are measured on the skin and imitative gel of the pig at 27.78%and 35.5%,13.5%and 4.9%,respectively,at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.The simulations revealed that the specific absorption rate(SAR)in the skin is 0.634 and 0.914 W/kg in muscle on 1g-tissue.The recommended SAR values are below the limits set by the federal communications commission(FCC).Finally,the proposed low-profile implantable antenna has achieved very compact size,flexibility,lower SAR values,high gain,higher impedance and axis ratio bandwidths in the skin and muscle tissues of the human body.This antenna is smaller in size and a good applicant for application in medical implants.展开更多
Background： So far, studies of avian space use are mostly realized in 2D, with the vertical dimension ignored. We propose here a new, relatively simple and computationally reasonable method for the estimation of volu...Background： So far, studies of avian space use are mostly realized in 2D, with the vertical dimension ignored. We propose here a new, relatively simple and computationally reasonable method for the estimation of volumetric （i.e. 3D） avian home ranges.Methods： Through accurate GPS data-loggers, we collected 25,405 GPS points on Lesser Kestrels＇ （Fdlco noumonni） space use during the nestling period in one main colony in Italy.We applied our 3D home range estimator to the whole GPS dataset, and also separately to diurnal and nocturnal GPS points.Results： The 3D colony home range resulted equal to 28.12 km3. By considering daytime and night-time separately, the volumetric home ranges resulted considerably different.Conclusions： Our 3D home range estimator, because of its intuitive and straightforward properties, can easily capi-talize on the datasets offered by modern biotelemetry （data-loggers, light detection and LIDAR sensors） and enhance conservation strategies for mitigating anthropogenic impacts on bird species. Its applications embrace, but are not limited to, more accurate estimates of collision risk with power lines, aircrafts and wind farms, and increased knowledge of birds＇space requirements in order to persist in their distribution areas.展开更多
A biotelemetry experiment is conducted to study the migrant behavior of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South China Sea and acquire the physical environment data. The method in use is to track the post nesting migra...A biotelemetry experiment is conducted to study the migrant behavior of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South China Sea and acquire the physical environment data. The method in use is to track the post nesting migrant routes of green turtles through the satellite linked transmitters attached on the back of turtles and the global satellite signal transmitting system of Argos. We obtained the positions of the post nesting migrant routes of three green turtles and environment data, which are important in conservation of green turtles and the research of physical oceanography. Based on the test, the concept, principle and method of biotelemetry are also introduced in this paper with a discussion of the further development of this technique and its applying prospection in future.展开更多
The Red-footed Falcon(Falco vespertinus)is a species of high international conservation interest.We analyzed its hunting behavior at the two largest colonies in Italy during the nestling period.Using accurate data-log...The Red-footed Falcon(Falco vespertinus)is a species of high international conservation interest.We analyzed its hunting behavior at the two largest colonies in Italy during the nestling period.Using accurate data-loggers,we tracked three adult Red-footed Falcons in June and July,2019 and collected 4703 GPS points.We detected clear patterns of hovering and perching activity(HPA)in both time and space.HPA occupied one-third of the Red-footed Falcons’day,and showed two peaks just after sunrise(between 35 and 40%of the monitoring time)and just before sunset(50‒60%)in both June and July,and minimum(20-30%)at night and during the hottest time interval(10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.).Almost 40%of HPA occurred within 50 m from nests.Our findings,although preliminary,have important implications for the conservation of these two colonies that are located within two Natura 2000 sites.The detected spatio-temporal patterns of Red-footed Falcons’hunting behavior suggests the creation of two nested protection belts:the inner one is a narrow belt(up to 50 m from the two rows of trees that host the two colonies)with integral conservation,and hopefully increase the alfalfa crops and fallow land,and the outer belt(50 m-2 km)with optimized agricultural activities.展开更多
Traditional environmental control methods for poultry housing which rely solely on environmental factors fall short in meeting thermal and physiological needs of the animals.New methods are needed that factor in the p...Traditional environmental control methods for poultry housing which rely solely on environmental factors fall short in meeting thermal and physiological needs of the animals.New methods are needed that factor in the physiological needs and responses of the animals in order to maximize well-being of the animals and minimize heat stress.Deep body temperature(DBT)has been shown in the literature to be a strong indicator of heat stress,therefore studies are needed that help us gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between this variable and environmental conditions.The aim of this study was to identify the order of the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature(AT).Temperature steps had to be big enough to take the chickens out of their homeothermic zone.A total of 46 DBT/AT data sets with 23 upward AT steps and 23 downward AT steps were obtained using a biotelemetry system,and involving three chickens.DBT responses of individual chickens to step changes in AT were found to have a 0.88 average Pearson correlation suggesting consistency in chickens’responses to the same stimuli(p<0.0005).The data indicated that DBT responses to AT followed a first order behavior in most cases with an average time constant of 1.6 h,and the curve fitting method was used to validate this observation.There was a 0.88 average correlation between DBT model and measured data(p<0.0005).These results indicate statistical significance in the data used and the model derived from it.In conclusion,it is reasonable to assume that the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature follows a first order model.Although further studies are needed to more fully derive the model,this study provided a stepping-stone towards gaining a better understanding of the relationship between DBT and AT,therefore taking us one step closer towards making optimal management and risk assessment decisions that are based on physiological needs of the chickens.展开更多
We investigated movement pattern of commercial important fish around Offshore Wind Turbine(OWT)and neighboring habitats in Goto Islands.We tagged 55 individuals of 2 fish species and released around the OWT in 2017.(2...We investigated movement pattern of commercial important fish around Offshore Wind Turbine(OWT)and neighboring habitats in Goto Islands.We tagged 55 individuals of 2 fish species and released around the OWT in 2017.(27 Pagrus major from 1st Feb 2017 to 16th Mar 2017(winter),8 P.major and 20 Seriola quinqueradiata from 13th July 2017 to 13th Oct 2017(summer)).Acoustic receivers were deployed at OWT,south artificial reef(AS),trapnet(TN),north FAD(F1)and south FAD(F2)in winter and two more receivers were deployed at north artificial reef(AN)and natural reef(NR)in summer.We observed 12 P.major at OWT for a day after released in winter,majority of fish(13 individuals)were detected at TN.In summer,7 P.major were observed at OWT,1 visited TN within the day,but others disappeared.Ten S.quinqueradiata stayed at OWT longer than P.major after released and disappeared within 2 days.They mostly moved around AS,AN,NR.Residence time from K-M curve was 10 days for P.major in winter,a day in summer and 3 days for S.quinqueradiata.Both species showed low affinity for OWT as recorded low residency index despite the season.展开更多
文摘With the help of in-body antennas,the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices(IMDs)and exterior monitoring equipment,the telemetry system has brought us many benefits.Thus,a very thin-profile circularly polarized(CP)in-body antenna,functioning in ISM band at 2.45 GHz,is proposed.A tapered coplanar waveguide(CPW)method is used to excite the antenna.The radiator contains a pentagonal shape with five horizontal slits inside to obtain a circular polarization behavior.A bendable Roger Duroid RT5880 material(εr=2.2,tanδ=0.0009)with a typical 0.25 mm-thickness is used as a substrate.The proposed antenna has a total volume of 21×13×0.25 mm3.The antenna covers up a bandwidth of 2.38 to 2.53 GHz(150 MHz)in vacuum,while in skin tissue it covers 1.56 to 2.72 GHz(1.16 GHz)and in the muscle tissue covers 2.16 to 3.17 GHz(1.01 GHz).GHz).The flexion analysis in the x and y axes was also performed in simulation as the proposed antenna works with a wider bandwidth in the skin and muscle tissue.The simulation and the curved antenna measurements turned out to be in good agreement.The impedance bandwidth of−10 dB and the axis ratio bandwidth of 3 dB(AR)are measured on the skin and imitative gel of the pig at 27.78%and 35.5%,13.5%and 4.9%,respectively,at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.The simulations revealed that the specific absorption rate(SAR)in the skin is 0.634 and 0.914 W/kg in muscle on 1g-tissue.The recommended SAR values are below the limits set by the federal communications commission(FCC).Finally,the proposed low-profile implantable antenna has achieved very compact size,flexibility,lower SAR values,high gain,higher impedance and axis ratio bandwidths in the skin and muscle tissues of the human body.This antenna is smaller in size and a good applicant for application in medical implants.
基金supported by Lipu UK and the Alta Murgia National Park
文摘Background： So far, studies of avian space use are mostly realized in 2D, with the vertical dimension ignored. We propose here a new, relatively simple and computationally reasonable method for the estimation of volumetric （i.e. 3D） avian home ranges.Methods： Through accurate GPS data-loggers, we collected 25,405 GPS points on Lesser Kestrels＇ （Fdlco noumonni） space use during the nestling period in one main colony in Italy.We applied our 3D home range estimator to the whole GPS dataset, and also separately to diurnal and nocturnal GPS points.Results： The 3D colony home range resulted equal to 28.12 km3. By considering daytime and night-time separately, the volumetric home ranges resulted considerably different.Conclusions： Our 3D home range estimator, because of its intuitive and straightforward properties, can easily capi-talize on the datasets offered by modern biotelemetry （data-loggers, light detection and LIDAR sensors） and enhance conservation strategies for mitigating anthropogenic impacts on bird species. Its applications embrace, but are not limited to, more accurate estimates of collision risk with power lines, aircrafts and wind farms, and increased knowledge of birds＇space requirements in order to persist in their distribution areas.
文摘A biotelemetry experiment is conducted to study the migrant behavior of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South China Sea and acquire the physical environment data. The method in use is to track the post nesting migrant routes of green turtles through the satellite linked transmitters attached on the back of turtles and the global satellite signal transmitting system of Argos. We obtained the positions of the post nesting migrant routes of three green turtles and environment data, which are important in conservation of green turtles and the research of physical oceanography. Based on the test, the concept, principle and method of biotelemetry are also introduced in this paper with a discussion of the further development of this technique and its applying prospection in future.
文摘The Red-footed Falcon(Falco vespertinus)is a species of high international conservation interest.We analyzed its hunting behavior at the two largest colonies in Italy during the nestling period.Using accurate data-loggers,we tracked three adult Red-footed Falcons in June and July,2019 and collected 4703 GPS points.We detected clear patterns of hovering and perching activity(HPA)in both time and space.HPA occupied one-third of the Red-footed Falcons’day,and showed two peaks just after sunrise(between 35 and 40%of the monitoring time)and just before sunset(50‒60%)in both June and July,and minimum(20-30%)at night and during the hottest time interval(10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.).Almost 40%of HPA occurred within 50 m from nests.Our findings,although preliminary,have important implications for the conservation of these two colonies that are located within two Natura 2000 sites.The detected spatio-temporal patterns of Red-footed Falcons’hunting behavior suggests the creation of two nested protection belts:the inner one is a narrow belt(up to 50 m from the two rows of trees that host the two colonies)with integral conservation,and hopefully increase the alfalfa crops and fallow land,and the outer belt(50 m-2 km)with optimized agricultural activities.
文摘Traditional environmental control methods for poultry housing which rely solely on environmental factors fall short in meeting thermal and physiological needs of the animals.New methods are needed that factor in the physiological needs and responses of the animals in order to maximize well-being of the animals and minimize heat stress.Deep body temperature(DBT)has been shown in the literature to be a strong indicator of heat stress,therefore studies are needed that help us gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between this variable and environmental conditions.The aim of this study was to identify the order of the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature(AT).Temperature steps had to be big enough to take the chickens out of their homeothermic zone.A total of 46 DBT/AT data sets with 23 upward AT steps and 23 downward AT steps were obtained using a biotelemetry system,and involving three chickens.DBT responses of individual chickens to step changes in AT were found to have a 0.88 average Pearson correlation suggesting consistency in chickens’responses to the same stimuli(p<0.0005).The data indicated that DBT responses to AT followed a first order behavior in most cases with an average time constant of 1.6 h,and the curve fitting method was used to validate this observation.There was a 0.88 average correlation between DBT model and measured data(p<0.0005).These results indicate statistical significance in the data used and the model derived from it.In conclusion,it is reasonable to assume that the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature follows a first order model.Although further studies are needed to more fully derive the model,this study provided a stepping-stone towards gaining a better understanding of the relationship between DBT and AT,therefore taking us one step closer towards making optimal management and risk assessment decisions that are based on physiological needs of the chickens.
文摘We investigated movement pattern of commercial important fish around Offshore Wind Turbine(OWT)and neighboring habitats in Goto Islands.We tagged 55 individuals of 2 fish species and released around the OWT in 2017.(27 Pagrus major from 1st Feb 2017 to 16th Mar 2017(winter),8 P.major and 20 Seriola quinqueradiata from 13th July 2017 to 13th Oct 2017(summer)).Acoustic receivers were deployed at OWT,south artificial reef(AS),trapnet(TN),north FAD(F1)and south FAD(F2)in winter and two more receivers were deployed at north artificial reef(AN)and natural reef(NR)in summer.We observed 12 P.major at OWT for a day after released in winter,majority of fish(13 individuals)were detected at TN.In summer,7 P.major were observed at OWT,1 visited TN within the day,but others disappeared.Ten S.quinqueradiata stayed at OWT longer than P.major after released and disappeared within 2 days.They mostly moved around AS,AN,NR.Residence time from K-M curve was 10 days for P.major in winter,a day in summer and 3 days for S.quinqueradiata.Both species showed low affinity for OWT as recorded low residency index despite the season.
