Chitin is an abundant aminopolysaccharide found in insect pests and phytopathogenic microorganisms but absent in higher plants and vertebrates. It is crucial for mitigating threats posed by chitin-containing organisms...Chitin is an abundant aminopolysaccharide found in insect pests and phytopathogenic microorganisms but absent in higher plants and vertebrates. It is crucial for mitigating threats posed by chitin-containing organisms to human health, food safety, and agriculture. Therefore, targeting the chitin biosynthesisassociated bioprocess holds a promise for developing human-safe and eco-friendly antifungal agents or pesticides. Chitin biosynthesis requires chitin synthase and associated factors, which are involved in the modification, regulation, organization or turnover of chitin during its biosynthesis. A number of enzymes such as chitinases, hexosaminidases, chitin deacetylases are closely related and therefore are promising targets for designing novel agrochemicals that target at chitin biosynthesis. This review summarizes the advances in understanding chitin biology over the past decade by our research group and collaborates,specifically regarding essential proteins linked to chitin biosynthesis that can be exploited as promising pesticide targets. Examples of small bioactive molecules that against the activity of these targets are given.展开更多
Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)are a category of functional oligosaccharides primarily composed of 2-7 xylose units linked byβ-1,4 glycosidic bonds.They are recognized as soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic properties....Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)are a category of functional oligosaccharides primarily composed of 2-7 xylose units linked byβ-1,4 glycosidic bonds.They are recognized as soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic properties.Recently, there has been significant interest in manufacturing XOSs from xylan extracted from lignocellulosic biomass using enzyme catalysis under mild conditions. In this work, the arabinofuranosidase Abf62A gene was cloned from Aspergillus usamii genomic DNA through sequential molecular processes and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The xylan (100 g/L) extracted xylan in wheat straw (WS) was biologically hydrolyzed into 50.32 g/L of XOSs by xylanase Xyn11A (300 U/g substrate) and arabinofuranase Abf62A (20 U/g substrate), which indicated a notable synergistic effect compared to the 34.42 g/L XOSs produced via Xyn11A. The 50.32 g/L of XOSs products comprised xylobiose (31.71 g/L), xylotriose (15.92 g/L), xylotetraose (1.65 g/L) and xylopentaose (1.04 g/L). Notably, the combined content of xylobiose and xylotriose accounted for up to 94.7%. The XOSs purified from the enzyme hydrolysate could effectually scavenge free radicals, and the antioxidant activity was more than 90%. In summary, XOSs were biologically manufactured from wheat straw xylan through the synergistic biocatalysis via xylanase and arabinofuranosidase Abf62A in a green and sustainable way, rending one kind of prebiotic oligosaccharides with substantial positive effects on human and animal health.展开更多
A category of highly fused diterpenoid natural products possessing a characteristic perhydropyrene-like or rearranged tetracyclic skeleton structure are distributed in different life forms.Compared to traditional poly...A category of highly fused diterpenoid natural products possessing a characteristic perhydropyrene-like or rearranged tetracyclic skeleton structure are distributed in different life forms.Compared to traditional polycyclic diterpenoids,their biosynthetic pathways are quite unique and diverse.Chemists have pinpointed a range of this type of unusual diterpenoids:cycloamphilectanes and isocycloamphilectanes,kempenes and rippertanes,hydropyrene and hydropyrenol,along with recently disclosed cephalotanes.This review describes developments in this field and discusses the challenges associated with synthesizing this class of highly complex compounds.展开更多
Plants possess a hydrophobic layer of wax on their aerial surface,consisting mainly of amorphous intra-cuticular wax and epicuticular wax crystals(Kunst and Samuels,2003).This waxy coating contains a wide variety of v...Plants possess a hydrophobic layer of wax on their aerial surface,consisting mainly of amorphous intra-cuticular wax and epicuticular wax crystals(Kunst and Samuels,2003).This waxy coating contains a wide variety of very-long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs)and their derivatives,including alkanes,alcohols,aldehydes,esters,and ketones.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the exc...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.展开更多
Cyclocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinskaja,as a unique and rare monocotyledonous plant in Southern China,is a promising and economical Chinese herbal medicine and functional food.People have conducted a number of research...Cyclocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinskaja,as a unique and rare monocotyledonous plant in Southern China,is a promising and economical Chinese herbal medicine and functional food.People have conducted a number of research on C.paliurus because of its rich triterpenoids.However,no comprehensive review has illustrated the composition and pharmacological activity of triterpenoids from C.paliurus.This review summarizes 177 triterpenoids from different parts of C.paliurus.The structures of compounds were elucidated,and their biosynthesis was inferred.The biological activities of compounds and triterpenoid-rich extracts,including anti-diabetes,antihyperlipidemia,anti-inflammatory,anticancer or cytotoxicity,antioxidation,etc.,were discussed.C.paliurus can be an important and valuable supplement to the food market.This review provides a reference for the further research and application of C.paliurus triterpenoids in the fields of foods and pharmaceuticals.展开更多
Mammalian scent glands mediate species-specific chemical communication,yet the mechanistic basis for convergent musk production remain incompletely understood.Forest musk deer and muskrat have independently evolved sp...Mammalian scent glands mediate species-specific chemical communication,yet the mechanistic basis for convergent musk production remain incompletely understood.Forest musk deer and muskrat have independently evolved specialized musk-secreting glands,representing a striking case of convergent evolution.Through an integrated multi-omics approach,this study identified cyclopentadecanone as a shared key metabolic precursor in musk from both forest musk deer and muskrat,although downstream metabolite profiles diverged between the two lineages.Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these specialized apocrine glands possessed unique secretory architecture and exhibited transcriptional profiles associated with periodic musk production,distinct from those in conventional apocrine glands.Convergent features were evident at the cellular level,where acinar,ductal,and basal epithelial subtypes showed parallel molecular signatures across both taxa.Notably,acinar cells in both species expressed common genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid metabolism(e.g.,ACSBG1,HSD17B12,HACD2,and HADHA),suggesting a conserved molecular framework for musk precursor biosynthesis.Metagenomic analysis of musk samples further revealed parallel microbial community structures dominated by Corynebacterium and enriched in lipid metabolic pathways.These findings suggest multi-level convergence in musk biosynthesis,from molecular pathways to microbial communities,providing novel insights into mammalian chemical signaling and artificial musk production.展开更多
With the progress of urbanization,rural tourism has emerged as a popular leisure activity in China.The crop field with pattern art has been gaining popularity over the years,using strains with colorful leaves to creat...With the progress of urbanization,rural tourism has emerged as a popular leisure activity in China.The crop field with pattern art has been gaining popularity over the years,using strains with colorful leaves to create various impressive designs(Xu 2024).A lot of successful cases in rice fields have not only attracted tourists but also increased the income of farmers(Song et al.2020).Plants with colorful leaves also have gained significant popularity in ornamental agriculture.Therefore,developing plants with colorful leaves has gained significant popularity in ornamental agriculture.展开更多
In plants, transcription factor (TF) family LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) has been identified to be involved in the ripening and senescence processes of fruits. However, the function of LBD in Hylocereus undat...In plants, transcription factor (TF) family LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) has been identified to be involved in the ripening and senescence processes of fruits. However, the function of LBD in Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose (H. undatus) has not been reported yet. Through transcriptomic analysis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, and RT-qPCR validation, we investigated the role of the LBD TFs in the senescence of H. undatus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HuLBD1 is a key transcription factor of the LBD family regulating H. undatus senescence. After silencing HuLBD1, 5075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GSEA results showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The leading subset of genes in these two pathways included 16 DEGs, with four upregulated genes, HuCHS1-2, HuFLS1, HuCYP75B2, and HuCHS5-2 being central in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. H. undatus phenotypic experiments confirmed that silencing HuLBD1 significantly increased the flavonoid content in the fruit peel, and RT-qPCR validation showed that the gene expression trends were consistent with the RNA-seq data. The study indicated that HuLBD1 likely delays the fruit senescence process by negatively regulating the expression of four key genes, including HuCHS1-2, thus promoting the synthesis of phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the HuLBD1 TF plays an important role in the senescence of H. undatus fruit, providing a theoretical basis for postharvest senescence control.展开更多
In recent years,cellulose-based fluorescent polymers have received considerable attention.However,conventional modification methods face challenges such as insolubility in most solvents,fluorescence instability,and en...In recent years,cellulose-based fluorescent polymers have received considerable attention.However,conventional modification methods face challenges such as insolubility in most solvents,fluorescence instability,and environmental risks.In this study,a novel biosynthesis strategy was developed to fabricate fluorescent cellulose by adding fluorescent glucose derivatives to a bacterial fermentation broth.The metabolic activity of bacteria is utilized to achieve in situ polymerization of glucose and its derivatives during the synthesis of bacterial cellulose.Owing to the structural similarity between triphenylamine-modified glucose(TPA-Glc N)and glucose monomers,the TPA-Glc N were efficiently assimilated by the bacterial cells and incorporated into the cellulose matrix,resulting in a uniform distribution of fluorescence.The fluorescence color and intensity of the obtained cellulose could be adjusted by varying the amount of the fluorescent glucose derivatives.Compared to the fluorescent cellulose synthesized through physical dyeing,the fluorescence of the products obtained by in situ polymerization showed higher intensity and stability.Furthermore,fluorescent bacterial cellulose can be hydrolyzed into nanocellulose-based ink,which demonstrates exceptional anti-counterfeiting capabilities under UV light.This biosynthesis method not only overcomes the limitations of traditional modification techniques but also highlights the potential of microbial systems as platforms for synthesizing functional polymers.展开更多
The black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum;2n=2x=24)is an important medicinal plant with ecological and economic value.Its fruits have numerous beneficial pharmacological activities,especially those of anthocyanins,polysac...The black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum;2n=2x=24)is an important medicinal plant with ecological and economic value.Its fruits have numerous beneficial pharmacological activities,especially those of anthocyanins,polysaccharides,and alkaloids,and have high nutritional value.However,the lack of available genomic resources for this species has hindered research on its medicinal and evolutionary mechanisms.In this study,we developed the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)nearly gapless genome of L.ruthenicum(2.26 Gb)by integrating PacBio HiFi,Nanopore Ultra-Long,and Hi-C technologies.The assembled genome comprised 12 chromosomes with 37,149 protein-coding genes functionally annotated.Approximately 80%of the repetitive sequences were identified,of which long terminal repeats(LTRs)were the most abundant,accounting for 73.01%.The abundance of LTRs might be the main reason for the larger genome of this species compared to that of other Lycium species.The species-specific genes of L.ruthenicum were related to defense mechanisms,salt tolerance,drought resistance,and oxidative stress,further demonstrating their superior adaptability to arid environments.Based on the assembled genome and fruit transcriptome data,we further constructed an anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and identified 19 candidate structural genes and seven transcription factors that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit developmental stage of L.ruthenicum,most of which were highly expressed at a later stage in fruit development.Furthermore,154 potential disease resistance-related nucleotidebinding genes have been identified in the L.ruthenicum genome.The whole-genome and proximal,dispersed,and tandem duplication genes in the L.ruthenicum genome enriched the number of genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis and resistance-related pathways.These results provide an important genetic basis for understanding genome evolution and biosynthesis of pharmacologically active components in the Lycium genus.展开更多
The surface macromolecules of probiotic bacteria play crucial roles in modulating immune responses in the host.Exopolysaccharide(EPS)from lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have been widely reported to exhibit immunomodulatory ...The surface macromolecules of probiotic bacteria play crucial roles in modulating immune responses in the host.Exopolysaccharide(EPS)from lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have been widely reported to exhibit immunomodulatory activity.In this study,the EPS biosynthesis gene cluster of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei S-NB was analyzed and a deletion mutant S-NBΔ7576(two genes S-NB_2175/wze and S-NB_2176/wzd were responsible for the chain length determination and export of EPS)was successfully constructed,resulting a 40.02%decrease in the production of EPS.The deletion of wze and wzd had little effect on the monosaccharide composition and major groups of the two EPS fractions(BEPS1 and BEPS2).Both BEPS1 and BEPS2 could inhibit the transcriptional level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and enhance host immune tolerance via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling.Notably,the S-NBΔ7576 mutant supplied with the BEPS1/BEPS2 exhibited more significant inhibition of cytokines production and the phosphorylation of p65 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)in LPS-stimulated cells compared with the S-NBΔ7576 mutant alone.Our study provided the immunomodulatory effect of BEPS1 and BEPS2 from L.paracasei S-NB,in which the wze and wzd genes associated with EPS biosynthesis may play an important role.展开更多
Soybean seed oil has always been the primary focus of researches on improving the quality of soybean.Triacylglycerol,which is composed of fatty acids and glycerol,serves as the main storage form of soybean seed oil.Th...Soybean seed oil has always been the primary focus of researches on improving the quality of soybean.Triacylglycerol,which is composed of fatty acids and glycerol,serves as the main storage form of soybean seed oil.Therefore,the biosynthesis of fatty acids and the assembly of triacylglycerol significantly affect the quality of soybean seed oil.The process of soybean seed oil synthesis was comprehensively analyzed by examining the synthesis and activation of acetyl-CoA,fatty acid biosynthesis and desaturation,triacylglycerol assembly,and other related processes,additionally,this analysis identified the key enzymes and transcription factors involved in each link of the oil synthesis process.It was found that the researches on the key enzymes of carbon source regulation,pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and acetyl-CoA carboxylase,in the genetic network of soybean seed oil synthesis,were somewhat limited.Analyzing their structures and functions would aid in further understanding the molecular mechanism of soybean fatty acid synthesis,which would be beneficial for enhancing soybean oil content and synthesis efficiency.Based on summarizing the results of genetic analysis of soybean oil and fatty acids,the prospects for mechanism analysis and advancements in biological breeding techniques for improving soybean oil quality at the molecular level were discussed.展开更多
Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds bas...Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.展开更多
Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehens...Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures,biosynthetic pathways,biological activities,and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from Hericium species.Over the past 34 years,253 metabolites have been identified from various Hericium species,including cyathane diterpenes,alkaloids,benzofurans,chromenes,phenols,pyrones,steroids,and other miscellaneous compounds.Detailed investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines,a type of cyathane diterpene,have led to the discovery of novel cyathane diterpenes.Extensive research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds,with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects,immunomodulatory capabilities,anti-cancer activity,antioxidant properties,and antimicrobial actions.Erinacine A,in particular,has been extensively studied.Genomic,transcriptomic,and proteomic analyses of Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome mining.The diverse chemical structures and biological activities of Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary supplements.This review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine,health,functional foods,and agricultural microbiology.The broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.展开更多
D-Psicose,a naturally occurring rare sugar,exhibits a sweetness approximately 70%that of sucrose.It possesses high solubility,antioxidant activity,anti-inflammatory properties,and the ability to regulate cholesterol l...D-Psicose,a naturally occurring rare sugar,exhibits a sweetness approximately 70%that of sucrose.It possesses high solubility,antioxidant activity,anti-inflammatory properties,and the ability to regulate cholesterol levels and enhance insulin sensitivity.However,D-psicose is relatively scarce in nature,making large-scale extraction and utilization impractical.Consequently,the development of cost-effective synthetic strategies for D-psicose is pivotal for its industrial application.In recent years,the Izumoring strategy has emerged as an efficient alternative to chemical synthesis for producing D-psicose.Nonetheless,limitations in the biotransformation of D-psicose,primarily governed by the conversion rate of D-psicose 3-epimerase(DPEase)and enzyme yield,continue to pose challenges in achieving economically viable production.Enzyme engineering and the establishment of high-level expression systems remain crucial avenues for reducing the overall biosynthesis costs.展开更多
GABA(Gamma-aminobutyric acid),a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health.The review focused on recent advan...GABA(Gamma-aminobutyric acid),a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health.The review focused on recent advances in the biosynthesis and production of GABA.To begin with,the investigation evaluates GABA-producing strains and metabolic pathways,focusing on microbial sources such as Lactic Acid Bacteria,Escherichia coli,and Corynebac-terium glutamicum.The metabolic pathways of GABA are elaborated upon,including the GABA shunt and critical enzymes involved in its synthesis.Next,strategies to enhance microbial GABA production are discussed,including optimization of fermentation factors,different fermentation methods such as co-culture strategy and two-step fermentation,and modification of the GABA metabolic pathway.The review also explores methods for determining glutamate(Glu)and GABA levels,emphasizing the importance of accurate quantification.Furthermore,a comprehensive market analysis and prospects are provided,highlighting current trends,potential applications,and challenges in the GABA industry.Overall,this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industrialists working on GABA advancements,focusing on its efficient synthesis processes and various applications,and providing novel ideas and approaches to improve GABA yield and quality.展开更多
This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing native soils as a resource for inocula to produce n-caproate through the chain elongation(CE)platform,offering new insights into anaerobic soil pr...This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing native soils as a resource for inocula to produce n-caproate through the chain elongation(CE)platform,offering new insights into anaerobic soil processes.The results reveal that all five of the tested soil types exhibit CE activity when supplied with high concentrations of ethanol and acetate,highlighting the suitability of soil as an ideal source for n-caproate production.Compared with anaerobic sludge and pit mud,the native soil CE system exhibited higher selectivity(60.53%),specificity(82.32%),carbon distribution(60.00%),electron transfer efficiency(165.00%),and conductivity(0.59 ms∙cm^(-1)).Kinetic analysis further confirmed the superiority of soil in terms of a shorter lag time and higher yield.A microbial community analysis indicated a positive correlation between the relative abundances of Pseudomonas,Azotobacter,and Clostridium and n-caproate production.Moreover,metagenomics analysis revealed a higher abundance of functional genes in key microbial species,providing direct insights into the pathways involved in n-caproate formation,including in situ CO_(2)utilization,ethanol oxidation,fatty acid biosynthesis(FAB),and reverse beta-oxidation(RBO).The numerous functions in FAB and RBO are primarily associated with Pseudomonas,Clostridium,Rhodococcus,Stenotrophomonas,and Geobacter,suggesting that these genera may play roles that are involved or associated with the CE process.Overall,this innovative inoculation strategy offers an efficient microbial source for n-caproate production,underscoring the importance of considering CE activity in anaerobic soil microbial ecology and holding potential for significant economic and environmental benefits through soil consortia exploration.展开更多
A 61-kb biosynthetic gene cluster(BGC),which is accountable for the biosynthesis of hibarimicin(HBM)B from Microbispora rosea subsp.hibaria TP-A0121,was heterologously expressed in Streptomyces coelicolor M1154,which ...A 61-kb biosynthetic gene cluster(BGC),which is accountable for the biosynthesis of hibarimicin(HBM)B from Microbispora rosea subsp.hibaria TP-A0121,was heterologously expressed in Streptomyces coelicolor M1154,which generated a trace of the target products but accumulated a large amount of shunt products.Based on rational analysis of the relevant secondary metabolism,directed engineering of the biosynthetic pathways resulted in the high production of HBM B,as well as new HBM derivates with improved antitumor activity.These results not only establish a biosynthetic system to effectively synthesize HBMs-a class of the largest and most complex Type-Ⅱpolyketides,with a unique pseudo-dimeric structure-but also set the stage for further engineering and deep investigation of this complex biosynthetic pathway toward potent anticancer drugs.展开更多
Maize stalk lignin and cellulose contents are linked to lodging resistance,disease resistance,feed quality and ethanol conversion efficiency.After the six-leaf stage of maize(V6),these constituents are biosynthesized ...Maize stalk lignin and cellulose contents are linked to lodging resistance,disease resistance,feed quality and ethanol conversion efficiency.After the six-leaf stage of maize(V6),these constituents are biosynthesized and accumulated under the control of related enzymes and genes.However,the key enzymes,critical MYB transcription factors,and their dynamic alterations pattern under natural field circumstances are still unknown.Hence,we selected five cultivars with significant differences in lignocellulose content and lodging resistance as testing materials,performed field experiments for two years,and investigated the dynamics of lignin and cellulose content,related enzyme concentrations,and gene expression levels in the 3^(rd) and 5^(th) internodes above the ground after V6.The results showed that lignin and cellulose content increased after V6,stabilizing during the silking stage.This study identified COMT(caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase),TAL(tyrosine ammonia-lyase)and PAL(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase)as the key enzymes of lignin biosynthesis,while ZmCOMT,ZmCesA10 and ZmCesA8 were identified as essential genes.ZmMYB8,ZmMYB31 and ZmMYB39 were involved in regulating the expression of genes related to lignin synthesis,with ZmMYB31 potentially acting as a key negative regulator,while ZmMYB39 and ZmMYB8 acting as positive regulators.The study also found that around 14 d after V6 was a critical stage for regulating lignocellulose synthesis in the 3^(rd) to 5^(th) basal internode.This provides a theoretical foundation for developing regulatory techniques and breeding new cultivars to enhance lodging and disease resistance as well as the utility of maize stalks.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFD1700200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32161133010, 3230170969)+1 种基金the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No. KQTD20180411143628272)the Special Funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District (No. PT202101–02)。
文摘Chitin is an abundant aminopolysaccharide found in insect pests and phytopathogenic microorganisms but absent in higher plants and vertebrates. It is crucial for mitigating threats posed by chitin-containing organisms to human health, food safety, and agriculture. Therefore, targeting the chitin biosynthesisassociated bioprocess holds a promise for developing human-safe and eco-friendly antifungal agents or pesticides. Chitin biosynthesis requires chitin synthase and associated factors, which are involved in the modification, regulation, organization or turnover of chitin during its biosynthesis. A number of enzymes such as chitinases, hexosaminidases, chitin deacetylases are closely related and therefore are promising targets for designing novel agrochemicals that target at chitin biosynthesis. This review summarizes the advances in understanding chitin biology over the past decade by our research group and collaborates,specifically regarding essential proteins linked to chitin biosynthesis that can be exploited as promising pesticide targets. Examples of small bioactive molecules that against the activity of these targets are given.
文摘Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOSs)are a category of functional oligosaccharides primarily composed of 2-7 xylose units linked byβ-1,4 glycosidic bonds.They are recognized as soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic properties.Recently, there has been significant interest in manufacturing XOSs from xylan extracted from lignocellulosic biomass using enzyme catalysis under mild conditions. In this work, the arabinofuranosidase Abf62A gene was cloned from Aspergillus usamii genomic DNA through sequential molecular processes and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The xylan (100 g/L) extracted xylan in wheat straw (WS) was biologically hydrolyzed into 50.32 g/L of XOSs by xylanase Xyn11A (300 U/g substrate) and arabinofuranase Abf62A (20 U/g substrate), which indicated a notable synergistic effect compared to the 34.42 g/L XOSs produced via Xyn11A. The 50.32 g/L of XOSs products comprised xylobiose (31.71 g/L), xylotriose (15.92 g/L), xylotetraose (1.65 g/L) and xylopentaose (1.04 g/L). Notably, the combined content of xylobiose and xylotriose accounted for up to 94.7%. The XOSs purified from the enzyme hydrolysate could effectually scavenge free radicals, and the antioxidant activity was more than 90%. In summary, XOSs were biologically manufactured from wheat straw xylan through the synergistic biocatalysis via xylanase and arabinofuranosidase Abf62A in a green and sustainable way, rending one kind of prebiotic oligosaccharides with substantial positive effects on human and animal health.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22471224)。
文摘A category of highly fused diterpenoid natural products possessing a characteristic perhydropyrene-like or rearranged tetracyclic skeleton structure are distributed in different life forms.Compared to traditional polycyclic diterpenoids,their biosynthetic pathways are quite unique and diverse.Chemists have pinpointed a range of this type of unusual diterpenoids:cycloamphilectanes and isocycloamphilectanes,kempenes and rippertanes,hydropyrene and hydropyrenol,along with recently disclosed cephalotanes.This review describes developments in this field and discusses the challenges associated with synthesizing this class of highly complex compounds.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972405).
文摘Plants possess a hydrophobic layer of wax on their aerial surface,consisting mainly of amorphous intra-cuticular wax and epicuticular wax crystals(Kunst and Samuels,2003).This waxy coating contains a wide variety of very-long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs)and their derivatives,including alkanes,alcohols,aldehydes,esters,and ketones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200222)the High-level Talents Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (J242198006)+2 种基金the Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (2021BQ84)the Shanxi Province Outstanding Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Scholarship Award Foundation,China(SXBYKY 2021055 and SXBYKY2022033)the Houji Laboratory Foundation, China (202204010910001-32)。
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960090,32160562)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224BAB215046)the Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources,Nanchang University(SKLF-ZZB-202129,SKLF-ZZB-202324,SKLF-KF-202216)。
文摘Cyclocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinskaja,as a unique and rare monocotyledonous plant in Southern China,is a promising and economical Chinese herbal medicine and functional food.People have conducted a number of research on C.paliurus because of its rich triterpenoids.However,no comprehensive review has illustrated the composition and pharmacological activity of triterpenoids from C.paliurus.This review summarizes 177 triterpenoids from different parts of C.paliurus.The structures of compounds were elucidated,and their biosynthesis was inferred.The biological activities of compounds and triterpenoid-rich extracts,including anti-diabetes,antihyperlipidemia,anti-inflammatory,anticancer or cytotoxicity,antioxidation,etc.,were discussed.C.paliurus can be an important and valuable supplement to the food market.This review provides a reference for the further research and application of C.paliurus triterpenoids in the fields of foods and pharmaceuticals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225009,32370452,82274046)Jilin Agricultural University High-level Talent Introduction Fund(202020218)。
文摘Mammalian scent glands mediate species-specific chemical communication,yet the mechanistic basis for convergent musk production remain incompletely understood.Forest musk deer and muskrat have independently evolved specialized musk-secreting glands,representing a striking case of convergent evolution.Through an integrated multi-omics approach,this study identified cyclopentadecanone as a shared key metabolic precursor in musk from both forest musk deer and muskrat,although downstream metabolite profiles diverged between the two lineages.Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these specialized apocrine glands possessed unique secretory architecture and exhibited transcriptional profiles associated with periodic musk production,distinct from those in conventional apocrine glands.Convergent features were evident at the cellular level,where acinar,ductal,and basal epithelial subtypes showed parallel molecular signatures across both taxa.Notably,acinar cells in both species expressed common genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid metabolism(e.g.,ACSBG1,HSD17B12,HACD2,and HADHA),suggesting a conserved molecular framework for musk precursor biosynthesis.Metagenomic analysis of musk samples further revealed parallel microbial community structures dominated by Corynebacterium and enriched in lipid metabolic pathways.These findings suggest multi-level convergence in musk biosynthesis,from molecular pathways to microbial communities,providing novel insights into mammalian chemical signaling and artificial musk production.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program-Modern Seed Industry,China(2022B0202060004)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research,China(2022020801010291)+1 种基金the Project of the Development for High-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province,China(HBZY2023B003)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2023-2060299-089-031)。
文摘With the progress of urbanization,rural tourism has emerged as a popular leisure activity in China.The crop field with pattern art has been gaining popularity over the years,using strains with colorful leaves to create various impressive designs(Xu 2024).A lot of successful cases in rice fields have not only attracted tourists but also increased the income of farmers(Song et al.2020).Plants with colorful leaves also have gained significant popularity in ornamental agriculture.Therefore,developing plants with colorful leaves has gained significant popularity in ornamental agriculture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1600802)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China(No.232102110134)the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang of China(No.FE202303).
文摘In plants, transcription factor (TF) family LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) has been identified to be involved in the ripening and senescence processes of fruits. However, the function of LBD in Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose (H. undatus) has not been reported yet. Through transcriptomic analysis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, and RT-qPCR validation, we investigated the role of the LBD TFs in the senescence of H. undatus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HuLBD1 is a key transcription factor of the LBD family regulating H. undatus senescence. After silencing HuLBD1, 5075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GSEA results showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The leading subset of genes in these two pathways included 16 DEGs, with four upregulated genes, HuCHS1-2, HuFLS1, HuCYP75B2, and HuCHS5-2 being central in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. H. undatus phenotypic experiments confirmed that silencing HuLBD1 significantly increased the flavonoid content in the fruit peel, and RT-qPCR validation showed that the gene expression trends were consistent with the RNA-seq data. The study indicated that HuLBD1 likely delays the fruit senescence process by negatively regulating the expression of four key genes, including HuCHS1-2, thus promoting the synthesis of phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the HuLBD1 TF plays an important role in the senescence of H. undatus fruit, providing a theoretical basis for postharvest senescence control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376111)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2024YQ026)+2 种基金for Excellent Young Scholars,Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202408237)Youth Innovation Team Project for Talent Introduction and Cultivation in Universities of Shandong Province(No.096-1622002)the Research Foundation for Distinguished Scholars of Qingdao Agricultural University(No.663-1117015)。
文摘In recent years,cellulose-based fluorescent polymers have received considerable attention.However,conventional modification methods face challenges such as insolubility in most solvents,fluorescence instability,and environmental risks.In this study,a novel biosynthesis strategy was developed to fabricate fluorescent cellulose by adding fluorescent glucose derivatives to a bacterial fermentation broth.The metabolic activity of bacteria is utilized to achieve in situ polymerization of glucose and its derivatives during the synthesis of bacterial cellulose.Owing to the structural similarity between triphenylamine-modified glucose(TPA-Glc N)and glucose monomers,the TPA-Glc N were efficiently assimilated by the bacterial cells and incorporated into the cellulose matrix,resulting in a uniform distribution of fluorescence.The fluorescence color and intensity of the obtained cellulose could be adjusted by varying the amount of the fluorescent glucose derivatives.Compared to the fluorescent cellulose synthesized through physical dyeing,the fluorescence of the products obtained by in situ polymerization showed higher intensity and stability.Furthermore,fluorescent bacterial cellulose can be hydrolyzed into nanocellulose-based ink,which demonstrates exceptional anti-counterfeiting capabilities under UV light.This biosynthesis method not only overcomes the limitations of traditional modification techniques but also highlights the potential of microbial systems as platforms for synthesizing functional polymers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360058)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Projects,China(2023ZYZX1224)Xinjiang University Excellent Doctoral Student Innovation Project(XJU2022BS051)。
文摘The black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum;2n=2x=24)is an important medicinal plant with ecological and economic value.Its fruits have numerous beneficial pharmacological activities,especially those of anthocyanins,polysaccharides,and alkaloids,and have high nutritional value.However,the lack of available genomic resources for this species has hindered research on its medicinal and evolutionary mechanisms.In this study,we developed the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)nearly gapless genome of L.ruthenicum(2.26 Gb)by integrating PacBio HiFi,Nanopore Ultra-Long,and Hi-C technologies.The assembled genome comprised 12 chromosomes with 37,149 protein-coding genes functionally annotated.Approximately 80%of the repetitive sequences were identified,of which long terminal repeats(LTRs)were the most abundant,accounting for 73.01%.The abundance of LTRs might be the main reason for the larger genome of this species compared to that of other Lycium species.The species-specific genes of L.ruthenicum were related to defense mechanisms,salt tolerance,drought resistance,and oxidative stress,further demonstrating their superior adaptability to arid environments.Based on the assembled genome and fruit transcriptome data,we further constructed an anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and identified 19 candidate structural genes and seven transcription factors that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruit developmental stage of L.ruthenicum,most of which were highly expressed at a later stage in fruit development.Furthermore,154 potential disease resistance-related nucleotidebinding genes have been identified in the L.ruthenicum genome.The whole-genome and proximal,dispersed,and tandem duplication genes in the L.ruthenicum genome enriched the number of genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis and resistance-related pathways.These results provide an important genetic basis for understanding genome evolution and biosynthesis of pharmacologically active components in the Lycium genus.
基金co-financed by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of Hainan Province(GHYF2023009)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2022325)+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_0777)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘The surface macromolecules of probiotic bacteria play crucial roles in modulating immune responses in the host.Exopolysaccharide(EPS)from lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have been widely reported to exhibit immunomodulatory activity.In this study,the EPS biosynthesis gene cluster of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei S-NB was analyzed and a deletion mutant S-NBΔ7576(two genes S-NB_2175/wze and S-NB_2176/wzd were responsible for the chain length determination and export of EPS)was successfully constructed,resulting a 40.02%decrease in the production of EPS.The deletion of wze and wzd had little effect on the monosaccharide composition and major groups of the two EPS fractions(BEPS1 and BEPS2).Both BEPS1 and BEPS2 could inhibit the transcriptional level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and enhance host immune tolerance via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling.Notably,the S-NBΔ7576 mutant supplied with the BEPS1/BEPS2 exhibited more significant inhibition of cytokines production and the phosphorylation of p65 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)in LPS-stimulated cells compared with the S-NBΔ7576 mutant alone.Our study provided the immunomodulatory effect of BEPS1 and BEPS2 from L.paracasei S-NB,in which the wze and wzd genes associated with EPS biosynthesis may play an important role.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation Joint Guidance Project(LH2021C028)。
文摘Soybean seed oil has always been the primary focus of researches on improving the quality of soybean.Triacylglycerol,which is composed of fatty acids and glycerol,serves as the main storage form of soybean seed oil.Therefore,the biosynthesis of fatty acids and the assembly of triacylglycerol significantly affect the quality of soybean seed oil.The process of soybean seed oil synthesis was comprehensively analyzed by examining the synthesis and activation of acetyl-CoA,fatty acid biosynthesis and desaturation,triacylglycerol assembly,and other related processes,additionally,this analysis identified the key enzymes and transcription factors involved in each link of the oil synthesis process.It was found that the researches on the key enzymes of carbon source regulation,pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and acetyl-CoA carboxylase,in the genetic network of soybean seed oil synthesis,were somewhat limited.Analyzing their structures and functions would aid in further understanding the molecular mechanism of soybean fatty acid synthesis,which would be beneficial for enhancing soybean oil content and synthesis efficiency.Based on summarizing the results of genetic analysis of soybean oil and fatty acids,the prospects for mechanism analysis and advancements in biological breeding techniques for improving soybean oil quality at the molecular level were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003113,31900950,82102334,82002313,82072444)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFC2001502,2018YFB1105705)+6 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010745,2020A1515110356,2023A1515011986)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190808120405672)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22C100001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1469800)the Integration Innovation Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(2021JCPT03),the Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou City(202102020359)the Zigong Key Science and Technology Plan(2022ZCNKY07).SXC thanks the financial support under the Startup Grant of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(WIUCASQD2021026).HW thanks the Futian Healthcare Research Project(FTWS2022013)the financial support of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0118).SL thanks the financial support of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721490).
文摘Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative medicine.In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials,biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix(ECM).Additionally,such materials have mechanical adaptability,micro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine.This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials(BNBMs),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM.Moreover,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications.Finally,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31800031,32370069,and U22A20369)the Key R&D Projects in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2023-YBSF-164)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M653760).
文摘Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures,biosynthetic pathways,biological activities,and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from Hericium species.Over the past 34 years,253 metabolites have been identified from various Hericium species,including cyathane diterpenes,alkaloids,benzofurans,chromenes,phenols,pyrones,steroids,and other miscellaneous compounds.Detailed investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines,a type of cyathane diterpene,have led to the discovery of novel cyathane diterpenes.Extensive research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds,with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects,immunomodulatory capabilities,anti-cancer activity,antioxidant properties,and antimicrobial actions.Erinacine A,in particular,has been extensively studied.Genomic,transcriptomic,and proteomic analyses of Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome mining.The diverse chemical structures and biological activities of Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary supplements.This review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine,health,functional foods,and agricultural microbiology.The broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.
文摘D-Psicose,a naturally occurring rare sugar,exhibits a sweetness approximately 70%that of sucrose.It possesses high solubility,antioxidant activity,anti-inflammatory properties,and the ability to regulate cholesterol levels and enhance insulin sensitivity.However,D-psicose is relatively scarce in nature,making large-scale extraction and utilization impractical.Consequently,the development of cost-effective synthetic strategies for D-psicose is pivotal for its industrial application.In recent years,the Izumoring strategy has emerged as an efficient alternative to chemical synthesis for producing D-psicose.Nonetheless,limitations in the biotransformation of D-psicose,primarily governed by the conversion rate of D-psicose 3-epimerase(DPEase)and enzyme yield,continue to pose challenges in achieving economically viable production.Enzyme engineering and the establishment of high-level expression systems remain crucial avenues for reducing the overall biosynthesis costs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0905700)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211535)+2 种基金Jiangsu agricultral science and technology innovation fund(CX233055)the Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture(XTD2213)Jiangsu Province“333”project(2022).
文摘GABA(Gamma-aminobutyric acid),a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health.The review focused on recent advances in the biosynthesis and production of GABA.To begin with,the investigation evaluates GABA-producing strains and metabolic pathways,focusing on microbial sources such as Lactic Acid Bacteria,Escherichia coli,and Corynebac-terium glutamicum.The metabolic pathways of GABA are elaborated upon,including the GABA shunt and critical enzymes involved in its synthesis.Next,strategies to enhance microbial GABA production are discussed,including optimization of fermentation factors,different fermentation methods such as co-culture strategy and two-step fermentation,and modification of the GABA metabolic pathway.The review also explores methods for determining glutamate(Glu)and GABA levels,emphasizing the importance of accurate quantification.Furthermore,a comprehensive market analysis and prospects are provided,highlighting current trends,potential applications,and challenges in the GABA industry.Overall,this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industrialists working on GABA advancements,focusing on its efficient synthesis processes and various applications,and providing novel ideas and approaches to improve GABA yield and quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52000132 and 51978201)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(HC202241)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing native soils as a resource for inocula to produce n-caproate through the chain elongation(CE)platform,offering new insights into anaerobic soil processes.The results reveal that all five of the tested soil types exhibit CE activity when supplied with high concentrations of ethanol and acetate,highlighting the suitability of soil as an ideal source for n-caproate production.Compared with anaerobic sludge and pit mud,the native soil CE system exhibited higher selectivity(60.53%),specificity(82.32%),carbon distribution(60.00%),electron transfer efficiency(165.00%),and conductivity(0.59 ms∙cm^(-1)).Kinetic analysis further confirmed the superiority of soil in terms of a shorter lag time and higher yield.A microbial community analysis indicated a positive correlation between the relative abundances of Pseudomonas,Azotobacter,and Clostridium and n-caproate production.Moreover,metagenomics analysis revealed a higher abundance of functional genes in key microbial species,providing direct insights into the pathways involved in n-caproate formation,including in situ CO_(2)utilization,ethanol oxidation,fatty acid biosynthesis(FAB),and reverse beta-oxidation(RBO).The numerous functions in FAB and RBO are primarily associated with Pseudomonas,Clostridium,Rhodococcus,Stenotrophomonas,and Geobacter,suggesting that these genera may play roles that are involved or associated with the CE process.Overall,this innovative inoculation strategy offers an efficient microbial source for n-caproate production,underscoring the importance of considering CE activity in anaerobic soil microbial ecology and holding potential for significant economic and environmental benefits through soil consortia exploration.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0901900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22137009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671271).
文摘A 61-kb biosynthetic gene cluster(BGC),which is accountable for the biosynthesis of hibarimicin(HBM)B from Microbispora rosea subsp.hibaria TP-A0121,was heterologously expressed in Streptomyces coelicolor M1154,which generated a trace of the target products but accumulated a large amount of shunt products.Based on rational analysis of the relevant secondary metabolism,directed engineering of the biosynthetic pathways resulted in the high production of HBM B,as well as new HBM derivates with improved antitumor activity.These results not only establish a biosynthetic system to effectively synthesize HBMs-a class of the largest and most complex Type-Ⅱpolyketides,with a unique pseudo-dimeric structure-but also set the stage for further engineering and deep investigation of this complex biosynthetic pathway toward potent anticancer drugs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program for Grain High yield Science and Technology Innovation Project of China (2016YFD0300307,2016YFD0300209,2017YFD0301704,2018YFD0301206).
文摘Maize stalk lignin and cellulose contents are linked to lodging resistance,disease resistance,feed quality and ethanol conversion efficiency.After the six-leaf stage of maize(V6),these constituents are biosynthesized and accumulated under the control of related enzymes and genes.However,the key enzymes,critical MYB transcription factors,and their dynamic alterations pattern under natural field circumstances are still unknown.Hence,we selected five cultivars with significant differences in lignocellulose content and lodging resistance as testing materials,performed field experiments for two years,and investigated the dynamics of lignin and cellulose content,related enzyme concentrations,and gene expression levels in the 3^(rd) and 5^(th) internodes above the ground after V6.The results showed that lignin and cellulose content increased after V6,stabilizing during the silking stage.This study identified COMT(caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase),TAL(tyrosine ammonia-lyase)and PAL(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase)as the key enzymes of lignin biosynthesis,while ZmCOMT,ZmCesA10 and ZmCesA8 were identified as essential genes.ZmMYB8,ZmMYB31 and ZmMYB39 were involved in regulating the expression of genes related to lignin synthesis,with ZmMYB31 potentially acting as a key negative regulator,while ZmMYB39 and ZmMYB8 acting as positive regulators.The study also found that around 14 d after V6 was a critical stage for regulating lignocellulose synthesis in the 3^(rd) to 5^(th) basal internode.This provides a theoretical foundation for developing regulatory techniques and breeding new cultivars to enhance lodging and disease resistance as well as the utility of maize stalks.
