Multiple biostimulation treatments were applied to enhance the removal of heavy crude oil pollutants in the saline soil of Yellow River Delta.Changes of the soil bacterial community were monitored using the terminal r...Multiple biostimulation treatments were applied to enhance the removal of heavy crude oil pollutants in the saline soil of Yellow River Delta.Changes of the soil bacterial community were monitored using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP)and clone library analyses.The 140-day microcosm experiments showed that low C:N:P ratio,high availability of surfactant and addition of bulking agent significantly enhanced the performance,leading to the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon removal.Meanwhile,the bacterial community was remarkably changed by the multiple biostimulation treatments,with the Deltaproteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes being inhibited and the Alphaand Beta-proteobacteria and some unknown Gammaproteobacteria bacteria being enriched.In addition,different hydrocarbon-degraders came to power in the following turn.At the first stage,the Alcanivorax-related Gammaproteobacteria bacteria dominated in the biostimulated soil and contributed mainly to the biodegradation of easily degradable portion of the heavy crude oil.Then the bacteria belonging to Alphaproteobacteria,followed by bacteria belonging to Candidate division OD1,became the dominant oil-degraders to degrade the remaining recalcitrant constituents of the heavy crude oil.展开更多
The bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. The concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl）ethane（DDT） and its metabolites 1,1-di...The bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. The concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl）ethane（DDT） and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl） ethane（DDD） and1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl） ethylene（DDE） were monitored during an 8-week remediation process. Physicochemical characterization of the treated soil was performed before and after the bioremediation process. The isolation and identification of predominant microorganisms during the remediation process were also carried out. The efficiency of detoxification was evaluated after each bioremediation protocol. Humidity and p H and the heterotrophic microorganism count were monitored weekly. The DDT concentration was reduced by 79% after 8 weeks via biostimulation with surfactant addition（B ＋ S） and 94.3%via biostimulation alone（B）. Likewise, the concentrations of the metabolites DDE and DDD were reduced to levels below the quantification limits. The microorganisms isolated during bioremediation were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Flavobacterium sp., Cuprivadius sp.,Variovorax soli, Phenylobacterium sp. and Lysobacter sp., among others. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） allowed visualization of the colonization patterns of soil particles. The toxicity of the soil before and after bioremediation was evaluated using Vibrio fischeri as a bioluminescent sensor. A decrease in the toxic potential of the soil was verified by the increase of the concentration/effect relationship EC50 to 26.9% and 27.2% for B ＋ S and B, respectively, compared to 0.4% obtained for the soil before treatment and 2.5%by natural attenuation after 8 weeks of treatment.展开更多
In this study, biostimulation technology was used for bioremediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater by adding a mixture of lactose and phosphate, peptone, and beef extract. During the process of biostimulati...In this study, biostimulation technology was used for bioremediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater by adding a mixture of lactose and phosphate, peptone, and beef extract. During the process of biostimulation, the remediation effectiveness, microbial dehydrogenase activities and microbial densities were investigated; the varieties of microbial community structure and composition were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE） technique and the relative abundances of nitrobenzene-degrading gene（nbzA） were determined by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR（RT-PCR）. Findings show that the removal rate of nitrobenzene in groundwater could reach about 60% by biostimulation with lactose and phosphate, 70% with peptone and 68% with beef extract. The microbial dehydrogenase activities and microbial densities were all improved obviously via biostimulation. The results of PCR-DGGE show that the microbial diversities were improved, and more than ten kinds of dominant microorganisms were detected after biostimulation. RT-PCR results show that the relative abundances of nbzA gene of microbes in groundwater were increased significantly, which indicated that biostimulation actually enhanced the growth of nitrobenzene-degrading bacteria. Therefore, biostimulation is a cost-effective and feasible bioremediation technique for nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.展开更多
Globally,various types of pollution affect coastal waters as a result of human activities.Bioaugmentation and biostimulation are effective methods for treating water pollution.However,few studies have explored the res...Globally,various types of pollution affect coastal waters as a result of human activities.Bioaugmentation and biostimulation are effective methods for treating water pollution.However,few studies have explored the response of coastal prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities to bioaugmentation and biostimulation.Here,a 28-day outdoor mesocosm experiment with two treatments(bioaugmentation-A and combined treatment of bioaugmentation and biostimulation-AS)and a control(untreated-C)were carried out.The experiment was conducted in Meishan Bay to explore the composition,dynamics,and co-occurrence patterns of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in response to the A and AS using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.After treatment,Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria were significantly increased in group AS compared to group C,while Flavobacteriia and Saprospirae were significantly reduced.Dinoflagellata was significantly reduced in AS compared to C,while Chrysophyta was significantly reduced in both AS and A.Compared to C,the principal response curve analyses of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities both showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend for AS.Furthermore,the trends of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in group A were similar to those in group AS compared with group C,but AS changed them more than A did.According to the species weight table on principal response curves,a significant increase was observed in beneficial bacteria in prokaryotic communities,such as Rhodobacterales and Oceanospirillales,along with a decrease in autotrophs in eukaryotic communities,such as Chrysophyta and Diatom.Topological properties of network analysis reveal that A and AS complicate the interactions between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities.Overall,these findings expand our understanding of the response pattern of the bioaugmentation and biostimulation on coastal prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities.展开更多
A bench-scale biopiling experiment was conducted to hydrocarbon bioremediation in a chronically contaminated soil compare the ability of different techniques to enhance petroleum After 195 days, 10%-32% removal of TP...A bench-scale biopiling experiment was conducted to hydrocarbon bioremediation in a chronically contaminated soil compare the ability of different techniques to enhance petroleum After 195 days, 10%-32% removal of TPHs （total petroleum hydrocarbons） occurred in unamended soil （control）. Biostimulation by inorganic nutrient addition enhanced TPH removal （49%） confirming that bioremediation was nutrient limited and the soil contained a well-adapted hydrocarbonoclastic microbial community. The addition of organic amendments including green waste at 25% and 50% （w/w） and a commercial product called DaramendTM had a further biostimulatory effect （50%-66%, 34%-59% and 69%-80% TPH removal respectively）. Bioaugmentation using two commercially available petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microbial cultures with nutrients enhanced TPH removal in the case of RemActivTM （60%-69%）, but had a marginal effect using Recycler 102 （49%-55%）. The effect of a non-ionic surfactant in green waste amended soil was variable （52%-72% TPH reduction）, but its potential to enhance biodegradation presumably by promoting contaminant bioavailability was demonstrated. High degradation of artificially added polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） occurred after 106 days （75%-84%）, but significant differences between the control and treatments were unapparent, suggesting that spiked soils do not reflect the behavior of contaminants in genuinely polluted and weathered soil.展开更多
Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus L2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. Results showed that biostimula...Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus L2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. Results showed that biostimulation could significantly enhance the R. sphaeroides biomass production and carotenoid yield. The optimal biostimulant proportion was 40 μL（about 6.4 × 10^5CFU）. Through the use of biostimulation, chemical oxygen demand removal, R. sphaeroides biomass production, carotenoid concentration, and carotenoid yield were improved by 178%, 67%, 214%, and 70%, respectively. Theoretical analysis revealed that there were two possible reasons for such increases. One was that biostimulation enhanced the R. sphaeroides wastewater treatment efficiency. The other was that biostimulation significantly decreased the peroxidase activity in R. sphaeroides. The results showed that the highest peroxidase activity dropped by 87% and the induction ratio of the RSP_3419 gene was 3.1 with the addition of biostimulant. The enhanced carotenoid yield in R. sphaeroides could thus be explained by a decrease in peroxidase activity.展开更多
Tomato is an economically important crop that is susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses,situations that negatively affect the crop cycle.Biotic stress is caused by phytopathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ly...Tomato is an economically important crop that is susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses,situations that negatively affect the crop cycle.Biotic stress is caused by phytopathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici(FOL),responsible for vascular wilt,a disease that causes economic losses of up to 100%in crops of interest.Nanomaterials represent an area of opportunity for pathogen control through stimulations that modify the plant development program,achieving greater adaptation and tolerance to stress.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of the nanoparticles and the concentrations used in tomato plants infected with FOL.To this end,a two-stage experiment was conducted.In Stage 1,the effects of the nanomaterials(Graphene nanoplatelets[GP],Zinc oxide nanoparticles[ZnO NPs],Magnesium oxide nanoparticles[MgO NPs])were evaluated both alone and in combination to determine the most effective method of controlling FOL-induced disease.In Stage 2,the most effective combination of nanomaterials(ZnO+GP)was evaluated at four concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 mg L^(−1).To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments,we determined the incidence and severity of the disease,agronomic parameters,as well as the following biochemical variables:chlorophylls,β-carotene,vitamin C,phenols,flavonoids,hydrogen peroxide,superoxide anion,and malondialdehyde.The results show various positive effects,highlighting the efficiency of the ZnO+GP at 200mg L^(−1),which reduced the severity by approximately 20%,in addition to increasing agronomic variables and reducing reactive oxygen species.Moreover,the results show that the application of these nanomaterials increases vegetative development and defense against biotic stress.The use of nanomaterials such as zinc oxide,magnesium oxide and graphene can be an effective tool in the control of the severity of Fusarium oxysporum disease.展开更多
Biostimulation has been proven to be an available approach for microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP).However,biostimulation may not be as effective as bioaugmentation in some unfavorable situations...Biostimulation has been proven to be an available approach for microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP).However,biostimulation may not be as effective as bioaugmentation in some unfavorable situations.In this study,the feasibility of biochar-assisted MICP for improving the shear strength of calcareous sand is investigated.The optimization of cementation solution for biostimulated MICP is first determined through a series of unconfined compressive tests.The shear characteristics of biocemented calcareous sand,enhanced by biochar and treated through biostimulation,are then assessed using consolidated undrained(CU)shear triaxial tests.To characterize the shear strength of biocemented sand under low effective normal stress,both Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes and nonlinear failure envelopes were employed.Meanwhile,the current study also compared and analyzed two distinct stress states:maximum principal stress ratio(σ'_(1)/σ'_(3)max)and Skempton’s pore pressure parameter A=0,to identify an appropriate failure criterion for determination of the shear strength parameters.Furthermore,the microscopic features and post-failure characteristics of biochar-assisted calcareous sand were examined and discussed.The findings indicate that biochar can contribute to an increase in cementation content by serving as additional nucleation sites.The study may provide valuable insights into the potential of biochar-assisted MICP for enhancing the biostimulation approach.展开更多
Fungal plant diseases are infections caused by pathogenic fungi that affect crops,ornamental plants,and trees.Symptoms of these diseases can include leaf spots,fruit rot,root rot,and generalized growth retardation.Fun...Fungal plant diseases are infections caused by pathogenic fungi that affect crops,ornamental plants,and trees.Symptoms of these diseases can include leaf spots,fruit rot,root rot,and generalized growth retardation.Fungal diseases can result in decreased quality and quantity of crops,which can have a negative economic impact on farmers and producers.Moreover,these diseases can cause environmental damage.Indeed,fungal diseases can directly affect crops by reducing plant growth and yield,as well as altering their quality and nutritional value.Although effective,the use of many chemical products is often harmful to health and the environment,and their use is increasingly restricted due to their high toxicity.To address this issue,it is becoming increasingly essential to replace these chemical products with products that respect the environment and human health,and for sustainable agriculture,such as regenerative agricultural practices.Regenerative agricultural practices such as crop rotation,intercropping,composting,and notill farming techniques can offer sustainable solutions for the prevention and control of plant fungal diseases.These regenratives approaches not only help to control fungal plant disease by strengthening plant disease resistance,but also significantly contribute to the improvement of sustainable agriculture,by restoring soil health,increasing biodiversity and reducing the use of harmful chemicals to the environment and human health in order to keep a long-termecosystem resilience,promote environmental sustainability,and support global food security.Using regenerative agricultural practices can provide a holistic and effective approach to controlling fungal plant diseases while improving the health and productivity of farming systems.展开更多
Selenium(Se)is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants,because its improvement in growth,yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress.The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of ...Selenium(Se)is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants,because its improvement in growth,yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress.The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of sodium selenite(Na2SeO3),nanoparticles(SeNPs)and microparticles(SeMPs)of Se in cucumber seedlings,via two experiments:one with seed priming and the other with foliar application of Sematerials.The doses used were:0,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),for each form of Se and for each form of application.Treatment 0 consisted of the application of distilled water,which was used as a control.The results indicated that the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)for seed priming had the greatest effect on stem diameter and leaf area.Foliar application of SeMPs at 1.5 mg⋅L^(−1)was the most effective at increasing the leaf area.In terms of fresh and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)for seed priming,all the treatments were superior to the control,and SeMPs at 1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)caused the greatest effects.With foliar application,fresh root biomass improved to a greater extent with the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)increased with the SeMPs at 1.0 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1).With respect to the photosynthetic pigments,proteins,phenols and minerals,the Se treatments,both for seed priming and foliar application,caused increases and decreases;however,reduced glutathione(GSH)increased with treatments in both forms of application.The Se concentration in the seedlings increased as the dose of Se material increased,and greater accumulation was achieved with foliar application of SeNPs and SeMPs.The results indicate that the use of Se materials is recommended,mainly the use of SeMPs,which improved the variables studied.This opens new opportunities for further studies with SeMPs,as little information is available on their application in agricultural crops.展开更多
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and n...Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.展开更多
Salinity stress is amajor constraint on agricultural productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study evaluated the potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE)in mitigating salinity-induced stress ...Salinity stress is amajor constraint on agricultural productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study evaluated the potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE)in mitigating salinity-induced stress and enhancing the growth and physiological performance of Portulaca oleracea L.under NaCl concentrations of 0,50,70,and 100 mM for 50 days.A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of NaCl concentration,ANE treatment,and their interaction.The results showed that ANE significantly increased plant height at 50 mMNaCl(p=0.0011)but had no effect at higher salinity levels(p>0.05).Shoot dry weight was significantly influenced by the interaction of NaCl and ANE(p=0.0064),with ANE increasing biomass at 0 mM but decreasing it at 100 mM NaCl.However,ANE did not significantly affect root dry weight(p>0.05).Physiological responses indicated a significant increase in proline content at 50mMNaCl(p=0.0011),supporting improved osmotic adjustment.Total soluble protein was significantly enhanced at all salinity levels except 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01).Regarding ionic regulation,ANE had no significant effect on leaf sap pH(p>0.05)but increased electrical conductivity(EC)at 70 and 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01),suggesting a role in ion homeostasis under high salinity.Photosynthetic pigments responded positively to ANE,with significant increases in chlorophyll“a”(p<0.0001)and carotenoid content(p<0.0001),while chlorophyll“b”remained unchanged(p>0.05).These findings highlight ANE’s potential as a sustainable biostimulant for improving salinity tolerance,particularly at moderate NaCl levels.Future research should focus on molecular mechanisms and long-term field applications to optimize ANE’s role in enhancing soil and crop productivity under salinity stress.展开更多
Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations ...Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations of theseproducts are not without environmental,ecological,and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges.To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture,designing and developing more biocompatible andsustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management.Over the recent decades,the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulantswith large-active-surface areas,including bio-compounds,biopolymers,and nanocarbons.However,the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment.More recently,thefield's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practicalapplications in nano-agriculture.Herein,we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidationon biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model forinducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds,seedlings,and plants.Moreover,we assessed theeffect of donor plants'age on short,mid-,and long-term biocompatibility,growth,and development/maturationof the recipient plants for up to around 30 days.As a proof-of-concept,we found these autologous bio-extractscould effectively promote seed sprouting,seedling germination,and the development of soil-drenched plantsof the same types.Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presenceof multiple phyto-compounds,including microtubules/actin filaments,cell vacuoles,Golgi stacks/endoplasmicreticulum,cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers,and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters ofcarbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts.This personalized plant stimulation may induce furthergrowth/defense-related mechanisms,setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.展开更多
1,2-Dichloroethane （DCA）, a potential mutagen and carcinogen, is commonly introduced into the environment through its industrial and agricultural use. In this study, the impact of lead and mercury on DCA degradation...1,2-Dichloroethane （DCA）, a potential mutagen and carcinogen, is commonly introduced into the environment through its industrial and agricultural use. In this study, the impact of lead and mercury on DCA degradation in soil was investigated, owing to the complex co-contamination problem frequently encountered in most sites. 1,2-Dichloroethane was degraded readily in both contaminated loam and clay soils with the degradation rate constants ranging between 0.370-0.536 week-1 and 0.309-0.417 week-1, respectively. The presence of heavy metals have a negative impact on DCA degradation in both soil types, resulting in up to 24.11% reduction in DCA degradation within one week. Both biostimulation and treatment additives increased DCA degradation, with the best degradation observed upon addition of glucose and a combination of diphosphate salt and sodium chloride, leading to about 17.91% and 43.50% increase in DCA degradation, respectively. The results have promising potential for effective remediation of soils co-contaminated with chlorinated organics and heavy metals. However, the best bioremediation strategy will depend on the soil types, microbial population present in the soil matrices, nutrients availability and metal forms.展开更多
Bacterial-feeding nematodes can promote the bacterial activity through feeding.Bacterial abundance and their activity affect the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) such as phenanthrene.The effects of...Bacterial-feeding nematodes can promote the bacterial activity through feeding.Bacterial abundance and their activity affect the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) such as phenanthrene.The effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes,bacteria,and their interactions on the degradation of phenanthrene with or without glucose were studied through a microcosm experiment.The results showed that up to 57.0%of phenanthrene in mineral medium contaminated with phenanthrene was degraded in the control with bacteria alone and bacteria with the presence of nematodes and/or glucose increased the degradation of phenanthrene by 25.6%to 36.6%.Although both nematode and bacteria abundance decreased gradually,catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C230) activity increased during the incubation period.Compared with bacteria alone,the presence of nematodes significantly increased C230 activity as well as the abundance of bacteria;this effect was more pronounced when glucose was present.The results imply that nematodes might promote the removal of phenanthrene from medium by stimulating bacteria and C230 activities.展开更多
The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol （PNP） polluted soil and the effectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incub...The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol （PNP） polluted soil and the effectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incubation study. The results indicated that PNP at 250 mg/kg soil inhibited urease activity, nitrification potential, arginine ammonification rate and heterotrophic bacteria counts to some extents. After exposure to PNP, the nitrification potential of the tested soil was dramatically reduced to zero over a period of 30 days. Based on the findings, nitrification potential was postulated as a simple biochemical indicator for PNP pollution in soils. Nitrogen-cycling processes in soils responded positively to the applications of wastewater sludges. A sludge application rate of 200 tons/ha was sufficient for successful biostimulation of these nitrogen processes. The microbial activities in sludge-amended, heavy PNP-polluted soils seemed to recover after 30–45 days, indicating the effectiveness of sludge as a useful soil amendment.展开更多
The addition of nutrients to accelerate biodegradation of oil is an adequate strategy to clean up polluted mangrove soils which pollutes mangrove soils. However, the hydrology of these ecosystems might interfere with ...The addition of nutrients to accelerate biodegradation of oil is an adequate strategy to clean up polluted mangrove soils which pollutes mangrove soils. However, the hydrology of these ecosystems might interfere with such strategy. The effect of flooding frequency and nutrient addition on hydrocarbon removal in mangrove sediments was investigated in this study. Microcosms consisted of pots with 5 kg of fresh mangrove sediments and one seedling of Avicennia germinans. Treatments included: planted microcosms with fertilizer and crude oil (PNC), planted microcosms with oil (PC), non-planted microcosms with oil and fertilizer (NC), planted microcosms with fertilizer (PN) and planted microcosms without oil or fertilizer (P). Mexican Maya crude oil and inorganic nutrients were added in a single dose of approximately 5.0 g DW·kg-1, 0.33 g of N DW·kg-1 and 0.06 g P DW·kg-1. Microcosms were either permanently flooded (PF) or intermittently flooded (IF: 14 hours drained and 10 hours flooded), and kept in a glasshouse in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. In both flooding conditions, oil decreased the relative growth rate of A. germinans by 56% in (PC) treatments and 40% in (PNC) treatments. Redox potential in the oiled treatments (-44.73 to +75.34 mV) was lower than non-oiled treatments (-1.31 to +163.43 mV). Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) removal in PC treatments was low in both permanent (2.99% ± 3.51%) and intermittently flooding conditions (11.75% ± 1.46%). The highest TPHs removal was observed in (PNC) and (NC) under IF conditions (47% ± 3.86% and 50.32% ± 7.15% after 4 months, respectively). It was concluded that nutrient addition increased TPHs removal but only under IF conditions and helped mangrove plants to deal with TPHs toxicity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth,negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient.Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote...BACKGROUND Pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth,negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient.Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote PFD recovery.AIM To analyze the use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfection for vaginal electrodes in conjunction with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for postpartum women with PFD.METHODS A total of 59 women with PFD who were admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to July 2022 were divided into two groups:Control group(n=27)received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and observation group(n=32)received intervention with pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in addition to comprehensive rehabilitation therapy.The vaginal electrodes were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide and silver ion before treatment.Intervention for both groups was started 6 weeks postpartum,and rehabilitation lasted for 3 months.Pelvic floor muscle voltage,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle voltage,vaginal muscle tone,pelvic floor function,quality of life,and incidence of postpartum PFD were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,basic data and pelvic floor function were not significantly different between the two groups.After treatment,the observation group showed significant improvements in the maximum voltage and average voltage of pelvic floor muscles,contraction time of type I and type II fibers,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle tone,vaginal muscle voltage,and quality of life(GQOLI-74 reports),compared with the control group.The observation group had lower scores on the pelvic floor distress inventory(PFDI-20)and a lower incidence of postpartum PFD,indicating the effectiveness of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in promoting the recovery of maternal pelvic floor function.CONCLUSION The combination of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can improve pelvic floor muscle strength,promote the recovery of vaginal muscle tone,and improve pelvic floor function and quality of life.The use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfectant demonstrated favorable antibacterial efficacy and is worthy of clinical application.展开更多
This study discusses factors affecting various processes involved in bioremediation coupled with electrokinetics. The study presents innovative solutions, and proposes new directions. Environmental conditions that hav...This study discusses factors affecting various processes involved in bioremediation coupled with electrokinetics. The study presents innovative solutions, and proposes new directions. Environmental conditions that have an influence on the characteristics, behavior, and metabolism of indigenous microorganisms are presented. The discussion focuses on overcoming the unfavorable conditions created by electrolysis reactions, prolongation the survival of the microbes at contaminated sites, increase of microbial enzyme secretion, improvement of the indigenous bacteria metabolic pathways, and exploration of metagenomics resources from soil biota. The challenge facing the implementation of conventional bioremediation techniques in precisely and effectively delivering nutrients to indigenous bacteria, particularly in soils with tortuous paths and low hydraulic conductivity is discussed. Current knowledge in application of enhanced biostimulation using electrokinetics is reviewed. The implementation of bioaugmentation in bioremediation coupled with electrokinetics to enhance the outcome of bioremediation is presented. Effects of phenomena associated with electrokinetics in the hybrid remediation approach are discussed.展开更多
The biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes on bacterial biodegradation of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in three agricultural soils in Bauchi state, Nigeria, was carried ou...The biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes on bacterial biodegradation of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in three agricultural soils in Bauchi state, Nigeria, was carried out. The soil physico-chemical characteristics were investigated to further understand the environmental conditions of the sampling sites. Enrichment technique was used to isolate the atrazine-degrading strains. Mineralization studies were carried out to determine atrazine biodegradation potentials of strains. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of total nucleic acid of strains revealed several bacterial species based on nucleotide sequence analyses. Biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes carried out showed minimal to average extent of biodegradation. The highest mean values, in CFU/mL, increase in biomass was recorded in Pseudomonas sp for both Cow dung 16.76 (42.03%) and Chicken droppings 12.32 (38.46%). However, biostimulatory effect using consortia provided more promising results, with 41.51% and 42.08% in Cow dung and Chicken droppings, biomass increase, respectively, in studies conducted. This proves that competition, survival of inoculums, bioavailability of organic amendments and nature of chemical are important factors affecting bioremediation.展开更多
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40821140541)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2009AA063501)
文摘Multiple biostimulation treatments were applied to enhance the removal of heavy crude oil pollutants in the saline soil of Yellow River Delta.Changes of the soil bacterial community were monitored using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP)and clone library analyses.The 140-day microcosm experiments showed that low C:N:P ratio,high availability of surfactant and addition of bulking agent significantly enhanced the performance,leading to the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon removal.Meanwhile,the bacterial community was remarkably changed by the multiple biostimulation treatments,with the Deltaproteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes being inhibited and the Alphaand Beta-proteobacteria and some unknown Gammaproteobacteria bacteria being enriched.In addition,different hydrocarbon-degraders came to power in the following turn.At the first stage,the Alcanivorax-related Gammaproteobacteria bacteria dominated in the biostimulated soil and contributed mainly to the biodegradation of easily degradable portion of the heavy crude oil.Then the bacteria belonging to Alphaproteobacteria,followed by bacteria belonging to Candidate division OD1,became the dominant oil-degraders to degrade the remaining recalcitrant constituents of the heavy crude oil.
基金the GDCON group and the 2013–2014 sustainability grant of the Pro-Vice Chancellor for Research of the University of Antioquia for funding the project
文摘The bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. The concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl）ethane（DDT） and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl） ethane（DDD） and1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl） ethylene（DDE） were monitored during an 8-week remediation process. Physicochemical characterization of the treated soil was performed before and after the bioremediation process. The isolation and identification of predominant microorganisms during the remediation process were also carried out. The efficiency of detoxification was evaluated after each bioremediation protocol. Humidity and p H and the heterotrophic microorganism count were monitored weekly. The DDT concentration was reduced by 79% after 8 weeks via biostimulation with surfactant addition（B ＋ S） and 94.3%via biostimulation alone（B）. Likewise, the concentrations of the metabolites DDE and DDD were reduced to levels below the quantification limits. The microorganisms isolated during bioremediation were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Flavobacterium sp., Cuprivadius sp.,Variovorax soli, Phenylobacterium sp. and Lysobacter sp., among others. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） allowed visualization of the colonization patterns of soil particles. The toxicity of the soil before and after bioremediation was evaluated using Vibrio fischeri as a bioluminescent sensor. A decrease in the toxic potential of the soil was verified by the increase of the concentration/effect relationship EC50 to 26.9% and 27.2% for B ＋ S and B, respectively, compared to 0.4% obtained for the soil before treatment and 2.5%by natural attenuation after 8 weeks of treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41072170)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No. 2007AA06A410)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University, China(No.20111037)
文摘In this study, biostimulation technology was used for bioremediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater by adding a mixture of lactose and phosphate, peptone, and beef extract. During the process of biostimulation, the remediation effectiveness, microbial dehydrogenase activities and microbial densities were investigated; the varieties of microbial community structure and composition were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE） technique and the relative abundances of nitrobenzene-degrading gene（nbzA） were determined by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR（RT-PCR）. Findings show that the removal rate of nitrobenzene in groundwater could reach about 60% by biostimulation with lactose and phosphate, 70% with peptone and 68% with beef extract. The microbial dehydrogenase activities and microbial densities were all improved obviously via biostimulation. The results of PCR-DGGE show that the microbial diversities were improved, and more than ten kinds of dominant microorganisms were detected after biostimulation. RT-PCR results show that the relative abundances of nbzA gene of microbes in groundwater were increased significantly, which indicated that biostimulation actually enhanced the growth of nitrobenzene-degrading bacteria. Therefore, biostimulation is a cost-effective and feasible bioremediation technique for nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077219)the Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2019A610443)+1 种基金the Hangzhou Municipal Agriculture and Social Development Project(No.2020ZDSJ0697)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(No.SJLY2020011)
文摘Globally,various types of pollution affect coastal waters as a result of human activities.Bioaugmentation and biostimulation are effective methods for treating water pollution.However,few studies have explored the response of coastal prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities to bioaugmentation and biostimulation.Here,a 28-day outdoor mesocosm experiment with two treatments(bioaugmentation-A and combined treatment of bioaugmentation and biostimulation-AS)and a control(untreated-C)were carried out.The experiment was conducted in Meishan Bay to explore the composition,dynamics,and co-occurrence patterns of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in response to the A and AS using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.After treatment,Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria were significantly increased in group AS compared to group C,while Flavobacteriia and Saprospirae were significantly reduced.Dinoflagellata was significantly reduced in AS compared to C,while Chrysophyta was significantly reduced in both AS and A.Compared to C,the principal response curve analyses of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities both showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend for AS.Furthermore,the trends of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in group A were similar to those in group AS compared with group C,but AS changed them more than A did.According to the species weight table on principal response curves,a significant increase was observed in beneficial bacteria in prokaryotic communities,such as Rhodobacterales and Oceanospirillales,along with a decrease in autotrophs in eukaryotic communities,such as Chrysophyta and Diatom.Topological properties of network analysis reveal that A and AS complicate the interactions between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities.Overall,these findings expand our understanding of the response pattern of the bioaugmentation and biostimulation on coastal prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities.
文摘A bench-scale biopiling experiment was conducted to hydrocarbon bioremediation in a chronically contaminated soil compare the ability of different techniques to enhance petroleum After 195 days, 10%-32% removal of TPHs （total petroleum hydrocarbons） occurred in unamended soil （control）. Biostimulation by inorganic nutrient addition enhanced TPH removal （49%） confirming that bioremediation was nutrient limited and the soil contained a well-adapted hydrocarbonoclastic microbial community. The addition of organic amendments including green waste at 25% and 50% （w/w） and a commercial product called DaramendTM had a further biostimulatory effect （50%-66%, 34%-59% and 69%-80% TPH removal respectively）. Bioaugmentation using two commercially available petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microbial cultures with nutrients enhanced TPH removal in the case of RemActivTM （60%-69%）, but had a marginal effect using Recycler 102 （49%-55%）. The effect of a non-ionic surfactant in green waste amended soil was variable （52%-72% TPH reduction）, but its potential to enhance biodegradation presumably by promoting contaminant bioavailability was demonstrated. High degradation of artificially added polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） occurred after 106 days （75%-84%）, but significant differences between the control and treatments were unapparent, suggesting that spiked soils do not reflect the behavior of contaminants in genuinely polluted and weathered soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51278489)
文摘Bacillus thuringiensis/cereus L2 was added as a biostimulant to enhance the biomass accumulation and carotenoid yield of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using wastewater as the culturing medium. Results showed that biostimulation could significantly enhance the R. sphaeroides biomass production and carotenoid yield. The optimal biostimulant proportion was 40 μL（about 6.4 × 10^5CFU）. Through the use of biostimulation, chemical oxygen demand removal, R. sphaeroides biomass production, carotenoid concentration, and carotenoid yield were improved by 178%, 67%, 214%, and 70%, respectively. Theoretical analysis revealed that there were two possible reasons for such increases. One was that biostimulation enhanced the R. sphaeroides wastewater treatment efficiency. The other was that biostimulation significantly decreased the peroxidase activity in R. sphaeroides. The results showed that the highest peroxidase activity dropped by 87% and the induction ratio of the RSP_3419 gene was 3.1 with the addition of biostimulant. The enhanced carotenoid yield in R. sphaeroides could thus be explained by a decrease in peroxidase activity.
文摘Tomato is an economically important crop that is susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses,situations that negatively affect the crop cycle.Biotic stress is caused by phytopathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici(FOL),responsible for vascular wilt,a disease that causes economic losses of up to 100%in crops of interest.Nanomaterials represent an area of opportunity for pathogen control through stimulations that modify the plant development program,achieving greater adaptation and tolerance to stress.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of the nanoparticles and the concentrations used in tomato plants infected with FOL.To this end,a two-stage experiment was conducted.In Stage 1,the effects of the nanomaterials(Graphene nanoplatelets[GP],Zinc oxide nanoparticles[ZnO NPs],Magnesium oxide nanoparticles[MgO NPs])were evaluated both alone and in combination to determine the most effective method of controlling FOL-induced disease.In Stage 2,the most effective combination of nanomaterials(ZnO+GP)was evaluated at four concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 mg L^(−1).To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments,we determined the incidence and severity of the disease,agronomic parameters,as well as the following biochemical variables:chlorophylls,β-carotene,vitamin C,phenols,flavonoids,hydrogen peroxide,superoxide anion,and malondialdehyde.The results show various positive effects,highlighting the efficiency of the ZnO+GP at 200mg L^(−1),which reduced the severity by approximately 20%,in addition to increasing agronomic variables and reducing reactive oxygen species.Moreover,the results show that the application of these nanomaterials increases vegetative development and defense against biotic stress.The use of nanomaterials such as zinc oxide,magnesium oxide and graphene can be an effective tool in the control of the severity of Fusarium oxysporum disease.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42377166 and 42007246)Key R&D Program Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2023800)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3709600).
文摘Biostimulation has been proven to be an available approach for microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP).However,biostimulation may not be as effective as bioaugmentation in some unfavorable situations.In this study,the feasibility of biochar-assisted MICP for improving the shear strength of calcareous sand is investigated.The optimization of cementation solution for biostimulated MICP is first determined through a series of unconfined compressive tests.The shear characteristics of biocemented calcareous sand,enhanced by biochar and treated through biostimulation,are then assessed using consolidated undrained(CU)shear triaxial tests.To characterize the shear strength of biocemented sand under low effective normal stress,both Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes and nonlinear failure envelopes were employed.Meanwhile,the current study also compared and analyzed two distinct stress states:maximum principal stress ratio(σ'_(1)/σ'_(3)max)and Skempton’s pore pressure parameter A=0,to identify an appropriate failure criterion for determination of the shear strength parameters.Furthermore,the microscopic features and post-failure characteristics of biochar-assisted calcareous sand were examined and discussed.The findings indicate that biochar can contribute to an increase in cementation content by serving as additional nucleation sites.The study may provide valuable insights into the potential of biochar-assisted MICP for enhancing the biostimulation approach.
基金provided by SIRAM project within the framework of PRIMA,a program supported by H2020,the European Program for Research and Innovation and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research(MERS).
文摘Fungal plant diseases are infections caused by pathogenic fungi that affect crops,ornamental plants,and trees.Symptoms of these diseases can include leaf spots,fruit rot,root rot,and generalized growth retardation.Fungal diseases can result in decreased quality and quantity of crops,which can have a negative economic impact on farmers and producers.Moreover,these diseases can cause environmental damage.Indeed,fungal diseases can directly affect crops by reducing plant growth and yield,as well as altering their quality and nutritional value.Although effective,the use of many chemical products is often harmful to health and the environment,and their use is increasingly restricted due to their high toxicity.To address this issue,it is becoming increasingly essential to replace these chemical products with products that respect the environment and human health,and for sustainable agriculture,such as regenerative agricultural practices.Regenerative agricultural practices such as crop rotation,intercropping,composting,and notill farming techniques can offer sustainable solutions for the prevention and control of plant fungal diseases.These regenratives approaches not only help to control fungal plant disease by strengthening plant disease resistance,but also significantly contribute to the improvement of sustainable agriculture,by restoring soil health,increasing biodiversity and reducing the use of harmful chemicals to the environment and human health in order to keep a long-termecosystem resilience,promote environmental sustainability,and support global food security.Using regenerative agricultural practices can provide a holistic and effective approach to controlling fungal plant diseases while improving the health and productivity of farming systems.
文摘Selenium(Se)is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants,because its improvement in growth,yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress.The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of sodium selenite(Na2SeO3),nanoparticles(SeNPs)and microparticles(SeMPs)of Se in cucumber seedlings,via two experiments:one with seed priming and the other with foliar application of Sematerials.The doses used were:0,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),for each form of Se and for each form of application.Treatment 0 consisted of the application of distilled water,which was used as a control.The results indicated that the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)for seed priming had the greatest effect on stem diameter and leaf area.Foliar application of SeMPs at 1.5 mg⋅L^(−1)was the most effective at increasing the leaf area.In terms of fresh and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)for seed priming,all the treatments were superior to the control,and SeMPs at 1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)caused the greatest effects.With foliar application,fresh root biomass improved to a greater extent with the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)increased with the SeMPs at 1.0 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1).With respect to the photosynthetic pigments,proteins,phenols and minerals,the Se treatments,both for seed priming and foliar application,caused increases and decreases;however,reduced glutathione(GSH)increased with treatments in both forms of application.The Se concentration in the seedlings increased as the dose of Se material increased,and greater accumulation was achieved with foliar application of SeNPs and SeMPs.The results indicate that the use of Se materials is recommended,mainly the use of SeMPs,which improved the variables studied.This opens new opportunities for further studies with SeMPs,as little information is available on their application in agricultural crops.
文摘Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.
文摘Salinity stress is amajor constraint on agricultural productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study evaluated the potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE)in mitigating salinity-induced stress and enhancing the growth and physiological performance of Portulaca oleracea L.under NaCl concentrations of 0,50,70,and 100 mM for 50 days.A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of NaCl concentration,ANE treatment,and their interaction.The results showed that ANE significantly increased plant height at 50 mMNaCl(p=0.0011)but had no effect at higher salinity levels(p>0.05).Shoot dry weight was significantly influenced by the interaction of NaCl and ANE(p=0.0064),with ANE increasing biomass at 0 mM but decreasing it at 100 mM NaCl.However,ANE did not significantly affect root dry weight(p>0.05).Physiological responses indicated a significant increase in proline content at 50mMNaCl(p=0.0011),supporting improved osmotic adjustment.Total soluble protein was significantly enhanced at all salinity levels except 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01).Regarding ionic regulation,ANE had no significant effect on leaf sap pH(p>0.05)but increased electrical conductivity(EC)at 70 and 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01),suggesting a role in ion homeostasis under high salinity.Photosynthetic pigments responded positively to ANE,with significant increases in chlorophyll“a”(p<0.0001)and carotenoid content(p<0.0001),while chlorophyll“b”remained unchanged(p>0.05).These findings highlight ANE’s potential as a sustainable biostimulant for improving salinity tolerance,particularly at moderate NaCl levels.Future research should focus on molecular mechanisms and long-term field applications to optimize ANE’s role in enhancing soil and crop productivity under salinity stress.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)grant number 525793193Prof.Stefan Eimer and Ms.Marion Basoglu at Goethe University for their assistance in TEM characterization+1 种基金Mr.Holger Schranz for his help in plant cultivation and maintenanceProf.Bruno M.Moerschbacher from the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology at the Münster University。
文摘Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations of theseproducts are not without environmental,ecological,and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges.To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture,designing and developing more biocompatible andsustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management.Over the recent decades,the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulantswith large-active-surface areas,including bio-compounds,biopolymers,and nanocarbons.However,the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment.More recently,thefield's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practicalapplications in nano-agriculture.Herein,we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidationon biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model forinducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds,seedlings,and plants.Moreover,we assessed theeffect of donor plants'age on short,mid-,and long-term biocompatibility,growth,and development/maturationof the recipient plants for up to around 30 days.As a proof-of-concept,we found these autologous bio-extractscould effectively promote seed sprouting,seedling germination,and the development of soil-drenched plantsof the same types.Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presenceof multiple phyto-compounds,including microtubules/actin filaments,cell vacuoles,Golgi stacks/endoplasmicreticulum,cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers,and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters ofcarbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts.This personalized plant stimulation may induce furthergrowth/defense-related mechanisms,setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.
基金supported by the Competitive Research Grant of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durbanthe National Research Foundation of South Africa.
文摘1,2-Dichloroethane （DCA）, a potential mutagen and carcinogen, is commonly introduced into the environment through its industrial and agricultural use. In this study, the impact of lead and mercury on DCA degradation in soil was investigated, owing to the complex co-contamination problem frequently encountered in most sites. 1,2-Dichloroethane was degraded readily in both contaminated loam and clay soils with the degradation rate constants ranging between 0.370-0.536 week-1 and 0.309-0.417 week-1, respectively. The presence of heavy metals have a negative impact on DCA degradation in both soil types, resulting in up to 24.11% reduction in DCA degradation within one week. Both biostimulation and treatment additives increased DCA degradation, with the best degradation observed upon addition of glucose and a combination of diphosphate salt and sodium chloride, leading to about 17.91% and 43.50% increase in DCA degradation, respectively. The results have promising potential for effective remediation of soils co-contaminated with chlorinated organics and heavy metals. However, the best bioremediation strategy will depend on the soil types, microbial population present in the soil matrices, nutrients availability and metal forms.
基金supported by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Youth Fund,China(No.2014QNM49)the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No.2012BAD15B02)+1 种基金the Program of Taishan Scholars for Overseas Experts,Chinathe Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(No.2014CXZ01)
文摘Bacterial-feeding nematodes can promote the bacterial activity through feeding.Bacterial abundance and their activity affect the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) such as phenanthrene.The effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes,bacteria,and their interactions on the degradation of phenanthrene with or without glucose were studied through a microcosm experiment.The results showed that up to 57.0%of phenanthrene in mineral medium contaminated with phenanthrene was degraded in the control with bacteria alone and bacteria with the presence of nematodes and/or glucose increased the degradation of phenanthrene by 25.6%to 36.6%.Although both nematode and bacteria abundance decreased gradually,catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C230) activity increased during the incubation period.Compared with bacteria alone,the presence of nematodes significantly increased C230 activity as well as the abundance of bacteria;this effect was more pronounced when glucose was present.The results imply that nematodes might promote the removal of phenanthrene from medium by stimulating bacteria and C230 activities.
文摘The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol （PNP） polluted soil and the effectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incubation study. The results indicated that PNP at 250 mg/kg soil inhibited urease activity, nitrification potential, arginine ammonification rate and heterotrophic bacteria counts to some extents. After exposure to PNP, the nitrification potential of the tested soil was dramatically reduced to zero over a period of 30 days. Based on the findings, nitrification potential was postulated as a simple biochemical indicator for PNP pollution in soils. Nitrogen-cycling processes in soils responded positively to the applications of wastewater sludges. A sludge application rate of 200 tons/ha was sufficient for successful biostimulation of these nitrogen processes. The microbial activities in sludge-amended, heavy PNP-polluted soils seemed to recover after 30–45 days, indicating the effectiveness of sludge as a useful soil amendment.
文摘The addition of nutrients to accelerate biodegradation of oil is an adequate strategy to clean up polluted mangrove soils which pollutes mangrove soils. However, the hydrology of these ecosystems might interfere with such strategy. The effect of flooding frequency and nutrient addition on hydrocarbon removal in mangrove sediments was investigated in this study. Microcosms consisted of pots with 5 kg of fresh mangrove sediments and one seedling of Avicennia germinans. Treatments included: planted microcosms with fertilizer and crude oil (PNC), planted microcosms with oil (PC), non-planted microcosms with oil and fertilizer (NC), planted microcosms with fertilizer (PN) and planted microcosms without oil or fertilizer (P). Mexican Maya crude oil and inorganic nutrients were added in a single dose of approximately 5.0 g DW·kg-1, 0.33 g of N DW·kg-1 and 0.06 g P DW·kg-1. Microcosms were either permanently flooded (PF) or intermittently flooded (IF: 14 hours drained and 10 hours flooded), and kept in a glasshouse in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. In both flooding conditions, oil decreased the relative growth rate of A. germinans by 56% in (PC) treatments and 40% in (PNC) treatments. Redox potential in the oiled treatments (-44.73 to +75.34 mV) was lower than non-oiled treatments (-1.31 to +163.43 mV). Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) removal in PC treatments was low in both permanent (2.99% ± 3.51%) and intermittently flooding conditions (11.75% ± 1.46%). The highest TPHs removal was observed in (PNC) and (NC) under IF conditions (47% ± 3.86% and 50.32% ± 7.15% after 4 months, respectively). It was concluded that nutrient addition increased TPHs removal but only under IF conditions and helped mangrove plants to deal with TPHs toxicity.
文摘BACKGROUND Pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth,negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient.Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote PFD recovery.AIM To analyze the use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfection for vaginal electrodes in conjunction with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for postpartum women with PFD.METHODS A total of 59 women with PFD who were admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to July 2022 were divided into two groups:Control group(n=27)received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and observation group(n=32)received intervention with pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in addition to comprehensive rehabilitation therapy.The vaginal electrodes were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide and silver ion before treatment.Intervention for both groups was started 6 weeks postpartum,and rehabilitation lasted for 3 months.Pelvic floor muscle voltage,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle voltage,vaginal muscle tone,pelvic floor function,quality of life,and incidence of postpartum PFD were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,basic data and pelvic floor function were not significantly different between the two groups.After treatment,the observation group showed significant improvements in the maximum voltage and average voltage of pelvic floor muscles,contraction time of type I and type II fibers,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle tone,vaginal muscle voltage,and quality of life(GQOLI-74 reports),compared with the control group.The observation group had lower scores on the pelvic floor distress inventory(PFDI-20)and a lower incidence of postpartum PFD,indicating the effectiveness of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in promoting the recovery of maternal pelvic floor function.CONCLUSION The combination of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can improve pelvic floor muscle strength,promote the recovery of vaginal muscle tone,and improve pelvic floor function and quality of life.The use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfectant demonstrated favorable antibacterial efficacy and is worthy of clinical application.
文摘This study discusses factors affecting various processes involved in bioremediation coupled with electrokinetics. The study presents innovative solutions, and proposes new directions. Environmental conditions that have an influence on the characteristics, behavior, and metabolism of indigenous microorganisms are presented. The discussion focuses on overcoming the unfavorable conditions created by electrolysis reactions, prolongation the survival of the microbes at contaminated sites, increase of microbial enzyme secretion, improvement of the indigenous bacteria metabolic pathways, and exploration of metagenomics resources from soil biota. The challenge facing the implementation of conventional bioremediation techniques in precisely and effectively delivering nutrients to indigenous bacteria, particularly in soils with tortuous paths and low hydraulic conductivity is discussed. Current knowledge in application of enhanced biostimulation using electrokinetics is reviewed. The implementation of bioaugmentation in bioremediation coupled with electrokinetics to enhance the outcome of bioremediation is presented. Effects of phenomena associated with electrokinetics in the hybrid remediation approach are discussed.
文摘The biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes on bacterial biodegradation of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in three agricultural soils in Bauchi state, Nigeria, was carried out. The soil physico-chemical characteristics were investigated to further understand the environmental conditions of the sampling sites. Enrichment technique was used to isolate the atrazine-degrading strains. Mineralization studies were carried out to determine atrazine biodegradation potentials of strains. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of total nucleic acid of strains revealed several bacterial species based on nucleotide sequence analyses. Biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes carried out showed minimal to average extent of biodegradation. The highest mean values, in CFU/mL, increase in biomass was recorded in Pseudomonas sp for both Cow dung 16.76 (42.03%) and Chicken droppings 12.32 (38.46%). However, biostimulatory effect using consortia provided more promising results, with 41.51% and 42.08% in Cow dung and Chicken droppings, biomass increase, respectively, in studies conducted. This proves that competition, survival of inoculums, bioavailability of organic amendments and nature of chemical are important factors affecting bioremediation.
