With the increase of aging population, we have been witnessing a decline in the quality of life influenced by numerous social, cultural and economic factors. Several studies have addressed these facts and some emergin...With the increase of aging population, we have been witnessing a decline in the quality of life influenced by numerous social, cultural and economic factors. Several studies have addressed these facts and some emerging technologies are capable of monitoring and anticipating these problems. With the advance in the development of smart textiles, it＇s possible to use these technologies in the acquisition of biosignals, which allows obtaining a better comfort regarding the use of smart clothes over traditional Ag/AgCI electrodes. In this way, it is possible to monitor for longer periods reducing the discomfort to the user. This paper reports the development of a low cost sensor with the capability of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart, measuring the heart rate and body temperature and is applied in the scenario： health ＆ wellbeing, targeting the continuous measurement of vital signs.展开更多
A new biosi gn al control system that offers the disables the opportunities to control electric appliances is proposed.The four types of signals created by the eyes movements in four directions(up,down,left,and right)...A new biosi gn al control system that offers the disables the opportunities to control electric appliances is proposed.The four types of signals created by the eyes movements in four directions(up,down,left,and right),which are taken as four basic signals , are detected at the forehead.Permutation of 2 signals out of them creates 16 d ifferent signals.Permutation of 3 signals out of them creates 64 signals.They al l amounts to 84 control signals.They are thought to be applicable for the operat ion of some instruments.Furthermore,the dynamic biosignals created by the slow e yes movement is speculated to be applicable for the more convenient control of t hem.展开更多
This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We syste...This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.展开更多
Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have g...Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have garnered considerable attention due to their softness,conformability,and biocompatibility.However,several challenges remain,including imperfect skin-device interfaces,limited breathability,and insufficient mechanoelectrical stability.On-skin epidermal electronics,distinguished by their excellent conformability,breathability,and mechanoelectrical robustness,offer a promising solution for high-fidelity,long-term health monitoring.These devices can seamlessly integrate with the human body,leading to transformative advancements in future personalized healthcare.This review provides a systematic examination of recent advancements in on-skin epidermal electronics,with particular emphasis on critical aspects including material science,structural design,desired properties,and practical applications.We explore various materials,considering their properties and the corresponding structural designs developed to construct high-performance epidermal electronics.We then discuss different approaches for achieving the desired device properties necessary for long-term health monitoring,including adhesiveness,breathability,and mechanoelectrical stability.Additionally,we summarize the diverse applications of these devices in monitoring biophysical and physiological signals.Finally,we address the challenges facing these devices and outline future prospects,offering insights into the ongoing development of on-skin epidermal electronics for long-term health monitoring.展开更多
A wearable health monitoring system is a promising device for opening the era of the fourth industrial revolution due to increasing interest in health among modern people.Wearable health monitoring systems were demons...A wearable health monitoring system is a promising device for opening the era of the fourth industrial revolution due to increasing interest in health among modern people.Wearable health monitoring systems were demonstrated by several researchers,but still have critical issues of low performance,inefficient and complex fabrication processes.Here,we present the world’s first wearable multifunctional health monitoring system based on flash-induced porous graphene(FPG).FPG was efficiently synthesized via flash lamp,resulting in a large area in four milliseconds.Moreover,to demonstrate the sensing performance of FPG,a wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was fabricated onto a single substrate.A carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane(CNT-PDMS)nanocomposite electrode was successfully formed on the uneven FPG surface using screen printing.The performance of the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was enhanced by the large surface area of the 3D-porous structure FPG.Finally,the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system effectively detected motion,skin temperature,and sweat with a strain GF of 2564.38,a linear thermal response of 0.98Ω℃^(-1) under the skin temperature range,and a low ion detection limit of 10μM.展开更多
Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) were studied, with particular reference to their subject-dependent features. To this end, an electric model of the ear was implemented and validated. Simulated and natur...Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) were studied, with particular reference to their subject-dependent features. To this end, an electric model of the ear was implemented and validated. Simulated and natural TEOAEs were analyzed through a nonlinear analysis technique. The simulated signals were able to reproduce the dynamical features of the experimentally observed TEOAEs and, most importantly, the natural variability among individuals. The unexpected inverse relation between model complexity and adherence to the natural signals is commented.展开更多
Context and background: A quantum formulation of vision in vertebrates was proposed in the early 1940s. The number of quanta useful for enabling vision was found. The time interval required for their absorption, howev...Context and background: A quantum formulation of vision in vertebrates was proposed in the early 1940s. The number of quanta useful for enabling vision was found. The time interval required for their absorption, however, was never specified. In the early 1950s, experimental data on the effects of light’s intensity increment on vision indicated that the quantum formulation is true only at low light’s intensities. In this case, a vaguely described signaling adaptation mechanism was invoked to explain the separation between vision at low and high intensities, accompanied by the switch from rod to cones as photoreceptors. Motivation: In this article, we want to prove the validity of the non-totally-quantum formulation and unveil the nature of the signaling adaptation mechanism. Hypothesis: To accomplish our proof, we hypothesize that the amount of energy transferred and conserved in light’s interaction with the eyes is given by the product of light’s intensity (or power) times its period. Method: We construct and use the plots of the trends of light’s intensity increments and the corresponding changes in the axon’s membrane capacitance versus adapting intensity. Results: We find that 1) the average solar light’s intensity is the critical value that separates low from high light’s intensity regimes in vision, and 2) changes in the capacitance of the axon’s membrane enable the signaling adaptation of vision when light’s intensity changes. Conclusions: We prove the validity of the non-totally-quantum formulation and unveil the nature of the signaling adaptation mechanism. Our proof is supported by the model based on light’s intensity times period as being the energy conserved in light-matter interaction This model suggests that 1) all the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, at the correct intensity for each frequency, could be used to produce the effects of optogenetics in diagnostics and therapy, and 2) it takes seconds to minutes to see details in the dark when light is switched off.展开更多
Neuroinflammation,commonly associated with various central nervous system(CNS)diseases such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),is primarily mediated by the disruption of biological signals in microglia.Howev...Neuroinflammation,commonly associated with various central nervous system(CNS)diseases such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),is primarily mediated by the disruption of biological signals in microglia.However,the effective treatment of CNS diseases remains an ongoing challenge as biological signals show limited microglia-targeting effect.In this study,taking advantage of the highly expressed lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1)on the microglia,a nanobiosignal delivery system modified by LRP1 high-affinity peptide ligand RAP12(RAP:receptor-associated protein)was constructed to specifically regulate neuroinflammation via targeting microglia.The uptake of the RAP12 modified-nanobiosignaler by microglia increased significantly,indicating its microglia-targeting ability.Both in vitro/vivo studies proved that the“nanobiosignaler”significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,induced specific M2(anti-inflammatory type)microglia differentiation,and remarkably alleviated cognitive function impairment in the mice model when compared with unmodified groups.It was indicated that the“nanobiosignaler”could target microglia to deliver the biological signal and inhibit the excessive activation of microglia.Overall,the cell-targeted biological signal transmission system inspired by“nanobiosignaler”has broad application prospects in the future.展开更多
Currently,numerous monoelemental two-dimensional(2D)materials,called Xenes,have been discovered,including graphyne(GD),silicene,germanene,arsenene,borophene.Their structures,fabrication methods,as well as properties h...Currently,numerous monoelemental two-dimensional(2D)materials,called Xenes,have been discovered,including graphyne(GD),silicene,germanene,arsenene,borophene.Their structures,fabrication methods,as well as properties have been extensively explored.Based on their single-element composition,high optical response capability,excellent electrical-optical properties,large specific surface area(SSA)and easy modification,Xenes have been widely used in photoelectric applications(detection,modulation,light processing)and biomedicine(biological sensing,drug loading,bioimaging,etc.).Especially in the field of biomedicine,Xenes are expected to induce a great breakthrough.In this review,we introduce the structural characteristics,synthesis and modification methods of several common Xenes respectively.The general properties including optical,electronic,physical and chemical properties of Xenes are summarized.Their diverse utilization as biosensors for nucleic acid sequencing,bioactive detection,cancer diagnosis,etc.are also explicitly explored.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives of Xenes in biosensor are discussed.展开更多
文摘With the increase of aging population, we have been witnessing a decline in the quality of life influenced by numerous social, cultural and economic factors. Several studies have addressed these facts and some emerging technologies are capable of monitoring and anticipating these problems. With the advance in the development of smart textiles, it＇s possible to use these technologies in the acquisition of biosignals, which allows obtaining a better comfort regarding the use of smart clothes over traditional Ag/AgCI electrodes. In this way, it is possible to monitor for longer periods reducing the discomfort to the user. This paper reports the development of a low cost sensor with the capability of monitoring the electrical activity of the heart, measuring the heart rate and body temperature and is applied in the scenario： health ＆ wellbeing, targeting the continuous measurement of vital signs.
文摘A new biosi gn al control system that offers the disables the opportunities to control electric appliances is proposed.The four types of signals created by the eyes movements in four directions(up,down,left,and right),which are taken as four basic signals , are detected at the forehead.Permutation of 2 signals out of them creates 16 d ifferent signals.Permutation of 3 signals out of them creates 64 signals.They al l amounts to 84 control signals.They are thought to be applicable for the operat ion of some instruments.Furthermore,the dynamic biosignals created by the slow e yes movement is speculated to be applicable for the more convenient control of t hem.
基金The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)funded this review study.
文摘This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52025055,52375576,52350349)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022GXLH-01-12)+2 种基金Joint Fund of Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-research(No.8091B03012304)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2022004607001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xtr072024031).
文摘Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have garnered considerable attention due to their softness,conformability,and biocompatibility.However,several challenges remain,including imperfect skin-device interfaces,limited breathability,and insufficient mechanoelectrical stability.On-skin epidermal electronics,distinguished by their excellent conformability,breathability,and mechanoelectrical robustness,offer a promising solution for high-fidelity,long-term health monitoring.These devices can seamlessly integrate with the human body,leading to transformative advancements in future personalized healthcare.This review provides a systematic examination of recent advancements in on-skin epidermal electronics,with particular emphasis on critical aspects including material science,structural design,desired properties,and practical applications.We explore various materials,considering their properties and the corresponding structural designs developed to construct high-performance epidermal electronics.We then discuss different approaches for achieving the desired device properties necessary for long-term health monitoring,including adhesiveness,breathability,and mechanoelectrical stability.Additionally,we summarize the diverse applications of these devices in monitoring biophysical and physiological signals.Finally,we address the challenges facing these devices and outline future prospects,offering insights into the ongoing development of on-skin epidermal electronics for long-term health monitoring.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(MSIT)(RS-2024-00408989,RS-2023-00278906,and RS-2023-00217661)the Center for Universitywide Research Facilities(CURF)at Jeonbuk National University for High-Resolution In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography(Skyscan 1276,BRUKER).
文摘A wearable health monitoring system is a promising device for opening the era of the fourth industrial revolution due to increasing interest in health among modern people.Wearable health monitoring systems were demonstrated by several researchers,but still have critical issues of low performance,inefficient and complex fabrication processes.Here,we present the world’s first wearable multifunctional health monitoring system based on flash-induced porous graphene(FPG).FPG was efficiently synthesized via flash lamp,resulting in a large area in four milliseconds.Moreover,to demonstrate the sensing performance of FPG,a wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was fabricated onto a single substrate.A carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane(CNT-PDMS)nanocomposite electrode was successfully formed on the uneven FPG surface using screen printing.The performance of the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was enhanced by the large surface area of the 3D-porous structure FPG.Finally,the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system effectively detected motion,skin temperature,and sweat with a strain GF of 2564.38,a linear thermal response of 0.98Ω℃^(-1) under the skin temperature range,and a low ion detection limit of 10μM.
文摘Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) were studied, with particular reference to their subject-dependent features. To this end, an electric model of the ear was implemented and validated. Simulated and natural TEOAEs were analyzed through a nonlinear analysis technique. The simulated signals were able to reproduce the dynamical features of the experimentally observed TEOAEs and, most importantly, the natural variability among individuals. The unexpected inverse relation between model complexity and adherence to the natural signals is commented.
文摘Context and background: A quantum formulation of vision in vertebrates was proposed in the early 1940s. The number of quanta useful for enabling vision was found. The time interval required for their absorption, however, was never specified. In the early 1950s, experimental data on the effects of light’s intensity increment on vision indicated that the quantum formulation is true only at low light’s intensities. In this case, a vaguely described signaling adaptation mechanism was invoked to explain the separation between vision at low and high intensities, accompanied by the switch from rod to cones as photoreceptors. Motivation: In this article, we want to prove the validity of the non-totally-quantum formulation and unveil the nature of the signaling adaptation mechanism. Hypothesis: To accomplish our proof, we hypothesize that the amount of energy transferred and conserved in light’s interaction with the eyes is given by the product of light’s intensity (or power) times its period. Method: We construct and use the plots of the trends of light’s intensity increments and the corresponding changes in the axon’s membrane capacitance versus adapting intensity. Results: We find that 1) the average solar light’s intensity is the critical value that separates low from high light’s intensity regimes in vision, and 2) changes in the capacitance of the axon’s membrane enable the signaling adaptation of vision when light’s intensity changes. Conclusions: We prove the validity of the non-totally-quantum formulation and unveil the nature of the signaling adaptation mechanism. Our proof is supported by the model based on light’s intensity times period as being the energy conserved in light-matter interaction This model suggests that 1) all the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, at the correct intensity for each frequency, could be used to produce the effects of optogenetics in diagnostics and therapy, and 2) it takes seconds to minutes to see details in the dark when light is switched off.
基金supported by the Found of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82003658,82101261,81930051,and 82271223)Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital,School of Medicine,Tongji University(Nos.sykyqd01901 and SYXKZT-2021-2001)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.16ZR1426400).
文摘Neuroinflammation,commonly associated with various central nervous system(CNS)diseases such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),is primarily mediated by the disruption of biological signals in microglia.However,the effective treatment of CNS diseases remains an ongoing challenge as biological signals show limited microglia-targeting effect.In this study,taking advantage of the highly expressed lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1)on the microglia,a nanobiosignal delivery system modified by LRP1 high-affinity peptide ligand RAP12(RAP:receptor-associated protein)was constructed to specifically regulate neuroinflammation via targeting microglia.The uptake of the RAP12 modified-nanobiosignaler by microglia increased significantly,indicating its microglia-targeting ability.Both in vitro/vivo studies proved that the“nanobiosignaler”significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,induced specific M2(anti-inflammatory type)microglia differentiation,and remarkably alleviated cognitive function impairment in the mice model when compared with unmodified groups.It was indicated that the“nanobiosignaler”could target microglia to deliver the biological signal and inhibit the excessive activation of microglia.Overall,the cell-targeted biological signal transmission system inspired by“nanobiosignaler”has broad application prospects in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82002936)Guangdong Scientific and Technological Project(Nos.2019B1515120043,2020A151501612,2021A1515220109,2022B1515020093,2020A1515010787 and 2020A1515110749)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(No.KCXFZ20201221173413038)the Longhua District Science and Innovation Commission Project Grants of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ201904)the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus).
文摘Currently,numerous monoelemental two-dimensional(2D)materials,called Xenes,have been discovered,including graphyne(GD),silicene,germanene,arsenene,borophene.Their structures,fabrication methods,as well as properties have been extensively explored.Based on their single-element composition,high optical response capability,excellent electrical-optical properties,large specific surface area(SSA)and easy modification,Xenes have been widely used in photoelectric applications(detection,modulation,light processing)and biomedicine(biological sensing,drug loading,bioimaging,etc.).Especially in the field of biomedicine,Xenes are expected to induce a great breakthrough.In this review,we introduce the structural characteristics,synthesis and modification methods of several common Xenes respectively.The general properties including optical,electronic,physical and chemical properties of Xenes are summarized.Their diverse utilization as biosensors for nucleic acid sequencing,bioactive detection,cancer diagnosis,etc.are also explicitly explored.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives of Xenes in biosensor are discussed.
