The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have acutely shown the need for maintaining robust international and national systems for biological security and ensuring that life sciences are used only for peaceful...The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have acutely shown the need for maintaining robust international and national systems for biological security and ensuring that life sciences are used only for peaceful purposes.Life science stakeholders can play an important role in safeguarding scientific and technological advances in biology and related fields against accidental or deliberate misuse,not least because they are on the frontlines of driving innovation.In this paper,we argue that enhancing awareness and understanding of the risk of deliberate disease is essential for effective biological security.We first discuss the issue of‘dual use’in science and technology as it relates to disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.Second,we review how scientist engagement with dual-use risks has been addressed in the context of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention(BTWC).Third,we report on the development of an innovative awarenessraising tool,a cartoon series,that can be used for engaging life science stakeholders with BTWC issues.Finally,we outline a set of practical considerations for promoting sustainable life science engagement with the BTWC.展开更多
The escalation in the incidence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is becoming a pressing global concern.Polymyxin B(PMB),a conventional antibiotic with notable therapeutic efficacy against Gram-negative ba...The escalation in the incidence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is becoming a pressing global concern.Polymyxin B(PMB),a conventional antibiotic with notable therapeutic efficacy against Gram-negative bacterial infections,serves as a crucial final recourse against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Nevertheless,the clinical usage of PMB is impeded by its pronounced nephrotoxicity and poor infection site targeting.This investigation is geared to construct a nanoparticle formulation(named HA-PMB@H)comprising hyaluronic acid(HA)and PMB via a simple Schiff base reaction and further coating HA by electrostatic action.HA-PMB@H shows an average size of(153.8±24.3)nm,and a mean zeta potential of(−25.6±5.2)mV.Additionally,PMB can be released from HA-PMB@H more thoroughly and efficiently at pH 5.5 compared to pH 7.4,which demonstrates the Schiff base modification of PMB paves the way for its release at focus of infection.The uptake ratio of HA-PMB@H by alveolar epithelial cells(RLE-6TN)surpassed that of free PMB devoid of HA,which facilitates to the intracellular sterilization of PMB.Furthermore,the employment of HA-PMB@H ameliorated the toxicity of PMB towards human embryonic kidney cells(HEK 293)and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(HULEC-5a).What is more,HA-PMB@H effectively managed severe pneumonia induced by CRKP samples from clinical patients diagnosed with CRKP infection in vivo,substantially enhancing the survival rate of mice.Consequently,this nano-delivery system holds promising clinical significance in the combat against drug-resistant bacterial infections.展开更多
The growing development of biological products highlights the social and environmental responsibility that several industrial companies are facing in recent years.In this context,the advancement of bioprocessing as an...The growing development of biological products highlights the social and environmental responsibility that several industrial companies are facing in recent years.In this context,the advancement of bioprocessing as an alternative for exploring the potential of ecologically based products,especially in biofuels,food,and agro-industrial business,exposes the rational efficiency of the application of renewable sources in different industrial segments.Industries strongly associated with food production concentrate large amounts of wastes rich in bioactive compounds.A range of highly effective technologies has been highly explored to recover large concentrations of prominent compounds present in these materials.The advances in this scenario assurance value addition to these by-products,in addition to highlighting their various technological applications,considering the biorefinery and ecologically based production concepts.Accordingly,this review article described a detailed and systematic approach to the importance of using bioactive compounds and exploring the main sources of these elements.Also,some recent and innovative research that has achieved encouraging results was highlighted.Furthermore,the study included the main extraction technologies that have been investigated as a strategy of prospecting the application of bioactive compounds and optimizing the processes for obtaining natural compounds from plant sources.Finally,future outlooks were presented to contribute to the innovative opportunities and applicability of highly promising technologies and manipulations of bioactive compounds from a range of perspectives.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce,international postal parcels have been increasing sharply,thus giving rise to a new way for alien biological invasion.According to the"animal ...In recent years,with the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce,international postal parcels have been increasing sharply,thus giving rise to a new way for alien biological invasion.According to the"animal and plant quarantine information platform"of the General Adminis-tration of Customs,postal inspection system intercepted a total of 4975 harmful organisms nationwide.There were 219 quarantine organisms,including 142 insects,27 weeds,12 nematodes,29 fungi,1 bacterium and 8 viruses.Insects accounted for 64.84%of the quarantine organisms,among which Hypothenemus hampei had the highest interception frequency.Up to 71.36%of those harmful organisms were from seedlings,yet47.31%organisms came from products exported from India.These analyses indicate the direction of future portal quarantine work and lay a theoret-ical foundation for better guarding the biological security.展开更多
With the rapid advances in technology and life science,biological security is now at a defining moment.The mandate of the 2022 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 9th Review Conference emphasised the urgent need f...With the rapid advances in technology and life science,biological security is now at a defining moment.The mandate of the 2022 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 9th Review Conference emphasised the urgent need for new tools to strengthen the Convention.In this paper,we review the development and efforts of the International Nuclear Security Education Network(INSEN)to provide examples of best practice for implementation of the newly founded International Biological Security Education Network(IBSEN).Learning from the lessons of the INSEN,the sustainability of the network through continuous engagement of its members is essential for the further development of global biosecurity education.展开更多
基金The graphic design of the Cartoon Series and the publication of this manuscript have been funded by a grant provided by the UK Research and Innovation Strategic Priorities Fund and HEIF Rescaling Fund through London Metropolitan University,UK.
文摘The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have acutely shown the need for maintaining robust international and national systems for biological security and ensuring that life sciences are used only for peaceful purposes.Life science stakeholders can play an important role in safeguarding scientific and technological advances in biology and related fields against accidental or deliberate misuse,not least because they are on the frontlines of driving innovation.In this paper,we argue that enhancing awareness and understanding of the risk of deliberate disease is essential for effective biological security.We first discuss the issue of‘dual use’in science and technology as it relates to disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.Second,we review how scientist engagement with dual-use risks has been addressed in the context of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention(BTWC).Third,we report on the development of an innovative awarenessraising tool,a cartoon series,that can be used for engaging life science stakeholders with BTWC issues.Finally,we outline a set of practical considerations for promoting sustainable life science engagement with the BTWC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81860543,32360237)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Nos.ZK[2024]235,ZK[2023]Key Project 041).
文摘The escalation in the incidence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is becoming a pressing global concern.Polymyxin B(PMB),a conventional antibiotic with notable therapeutic efficacy against Gram-negative bacterial infections,serves as a crucial final recourse against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Nevertheless,the clinical usage of PMB is impeded by its pronounced nephrotoxicity and poor infection site targeting.This investigation is geared to construct a nanoparticle formulation(named HA-PMB@H)comprising hyaluronic acid(HA)and PMB via a simple Schiff base reaction and further coating HA by electrostatic action.HA-PMB@H shows an average size of(153.8±24.3)nm,and a mean zeta potential of(−25.6±5.2)mV.Additionally,PMB can be released from HA-PMB@H more thoroughly and efficiently at pH 5.5 compared to pH 7.4,which demonstrates the Schiff base modification of PMB paves the way for its release at focus of infection.The uptake ratio of HA-PMB@H by alveolar epithelial cells(RLE-6TN)surpassed that of free PMB devoid of HA,which facilitates to the intracellular sterilization of PMB.Furthermore,the employment of HA-PMB@H ameliorated the toxicity of PMB towards human embryonic kidney cells(HEK 293)and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(HULEC-5a).What is more,HA-PMB@H effectively managed severe pneumonia induced by CRKP samples from clinical patients diagnosed with CRKP infection in vivo,substantially enhancing the survival rate of mice.Consequently,this nano-delivery system holds promising clinical significance in the combat against drug-resistant bacterial infections.
基金the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development(CNPq)the Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul(FAPERGS).
文摘The growing development of biological products highlights the social and environmental responsibility that several industrial companies are facing in recent years.In this context,the advancement of bioprocessing as an alternative for exploring the potential of ecologically based products,especially in biofuels,food,and agro-industrial business,exposes the rational efficiency of the application of renewable sources in different industrial segments.Industries strongly associated with food production concentrate large amounts of wastes rich in bioactive compounds.A range of highly effective technologies has been highly explored to recover large concentrations of prominent compounds present in these materials.The advances in this scenario assurance value addition to these by-products,in addition to highlighting their various technological applications,considering the biorefinery and ecologically based production concepts.Accordingly,this review article described a detailed and systematic approach to the importance of using bioactive compounds and exploring the main sources of these elements.Also,some recent and innovative research that has achieved encouraging results was highlighted.Furthermore,the study included the main extraction technologies that have been investigated as a strategy of prospecting the application of bioactive compounds and optimizing the processes for obtaining natural compounds from plant sources.Finally,future outlooks were presented to contribute to the innovative opportunities and applicability of highly promising technologies and manipulations of bioactive compounds from a range of perspectives.
基金Supported by Public Welfare Project of Ningbo City(2019C10087)。
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce,international postal parcels have been increasing sharply,thus giving rise to a new way for alien biological invasion.According to the"animal and plant quarantine information platform"of the General Adminis-tration of Customs,postal inspection system intercepted a total of 4975 harmful organisms nationwide.There were 219 quarantine organisms,including 142 insects,27 weeds,12 nematodes,29 fungi,1 bacterium and 8 viruses.Insects accounted for 64.84%of the quarantine organisms,among which Hypothenemus hampei had the highest interception frequency.Up to 71.36%of those harmful organisms were from seedlings,yet47.31%organisms came from products exported from India.These analyses indicate the direction of future portal quarantine work and lay a theoret-ical foundation for better guarding the biological security.
基金supported by the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust(JRCT),United Kingdom,grant ID NO5469.
文摘With the rapid advances in technology and life science,biological security is now at a defining moment.The mandate of the 2022 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 9th Review Conference emphasised the urgent need for new tools to strengthen the Convention.In this paper,we review the development and efforts of the International Nuclear Security Education Network(INSEN)to provide examples of best practice for implementation of the newly founded International Biological Security Education Network(IBSEN).Learning from the lessons of the INSEN,the sustainability of the network through continuous engagement of its members is essential for the further development of global biosecurity education.
