One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing prom...One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.展开更多
Two-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica) seedlings were treated with Pt mycorrhiza powder, ABT root-growing powder, HRC water-absorbing agent and high-yield powder, and planted on the sandy land in Bali...Two-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica) seedlings were treated with Pt mycorrhiza powder, ABT root-growing powder, HRC water-absorbing agent and high-yield powder, and planted on the sandy land in Balinyouqi, Inner Mongolia (180°12′13″E and 43°13′05″N). The effect and function of these biological agents on survival rate of seedlings were tested and analyzed by measuring the fine root growth and gross root growth. The results showed that the survival rates of the seedlings treated with Pt3, ABT, and HRC biological agents increased by 29.3%, 23.6%, and 16%, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that the length of fine roots (<2 mm) was positively correlated with seedling survival rate, which means that the Pt3 powder, ABT foot-growing powder and HRC water-absorbing powder increased the survival rates of the seedlings by promoting the growth of fine roots. Keywords Biological agents - Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica - Sandy soil - Roots - Survival rate CLC number S723.1 - S791.253 Document code A Foundation item: This article was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970627).Biography: TANG Feng-de (1967-), male, Ph. Doctor in Institute of Applied Ecology. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong展开更多
In the past,there has been considerable focus on a host of drugs and chemicals that may produce colonic toxicity.Now,a variety of new biological monoclonal antibody agents,usually administered by infusion,have appeare...In the past,there has been considerable focus on a host of drugs and chemicals that may produce colonic toxicity.Now,a variety of new biological monoclonal antibody agents,usually administered by infusion,have appeared in the clinical realm over the last decade or so to treat different chronic inflammatory or malignant disorders.For some of these agents,adverse effects have been documented,including apparently new forms of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease.In some,only limited symptoms have been recorded,but in others,severe colitis with serious complications,such as bowel perforation has been recorded.In others,adverse effects may have a direct vascular or ischemic basis,while other intestinal effects may be related to a superimposed infection.Some new onset cases of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease may also be attributed to the same agents used to treat these diseases,or be responsible for disease exacerbation.Dramatic and well documented side effects have been observed with ipilimumab,a humanized monoclonal antibody developed to reduce and overcome cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4,a key negative feedback regulator of the T-cell anti-tumor response.This agent has frequently been used in the treatment of different malignancies,notably,malignant melanoma.Side effects with this agent occur in up to 40% and these are believed to be largely immune-mediated.One of these is a form of enterocolitis that may be severe,and occa-sionally,fatal.Other agents include rituximab(an antiCD20 monoclonal antibody),bevacizumab(a monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor) and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents,including infliximab,adalimumab and etanercept.展开更多
The experiment on control of Lymantria dispar L by using different kinds ofbiological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Lymantria dispar L., BtMP-342,sex-attractant as well as botanical insectici...The experiment on control of Lymantria dispar L by using different kinds ofbiological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Lymantria dispar L., BtMP-342,sex-attractant as well as botanical insecticide, was carried out in the forest regions of InnerMongolia in 2003. Two concentrations (2.632x10^6 PIB ? ml^(-1) and 2.632x10^7 PIB ?ml^(-1)) of Lymantria dispar L. NPV were sprayed on the 2rd-instar-larvae of L. dispar and 70% and77.8% control effect were obtained respectively. BtMP0-342 was applied to the 3rd- and 4th-instarlarvae and the control effect was around 80%. The sex-attractant provided by Canada Pacific ForestryResearch Center also showed a good result in trapping L. dispar adults. The self-produced botanicalinsecticide, which was extracted from a kind of poisonous plant distributed in Daxing'an Mountains,China, exhibited a good control result in controlling the larvae of L. dispar, and 82% mortalitywas observed when spraying primary liquid of the botanical insecticide on the 3rd-5th-instar-larvaein lab.展开更多
Because inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease and Sjogren's syndrome, topical anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine A have been used to treat inflammation...Because inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease and Sjogren's syndrome, topical anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine A have been used to treat inflammation of the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. Systemic biological agents that target specific immune molecules or cells such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interferone-α, interleukin(IL)-1, IL-6, or B cells have been used in an attempt to treat Sjogren's syndrome. However, the efficacy of systemic biological agents, other than B-cell targeting agents, has not yet been confirmed in Sjogren's syndrome. Several studies have recently evaluated the efficacy of topical administration of biological agents targeting cytokines in the treatment of dry eye disease. Topical blockade of IL-1 by using IL-1 receptor antagonist could ameliorate clinical signs and inflammation of experimental dry eye. Using a mouse model of desiccating stress-induced dry eye, we have demonstrated that topical application of a TNF-α blocking agent, infliximab, could improve tear production and ocular surface irregularity, decrease inflammatory cytokines and Th-1 CD4+ cells on the ocular surface, and increase gobletcell density in the conjunctiva. Although controversy still remains, the use of topical biological agents targeting inflammatory cytokines may be a promising therapy for human dry eye disease.展开更多
Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical a...Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses, were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonistic bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70% with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent disease and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program.展开更多
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is the most common primary glomerular disease,and the“four-hit”theory represents its currently accepted pathogenic mechanism.Mucosal immunity triggered by infections in the respirat...Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is the most common primary glomerular disease,and the“four-hit”theory represents its currently accepted pathogenic mechanism.Mucosal immunity triggered by infections in the respiratory tract,intestines,or other areas leads to antigen presentation,T cell stimulation,B cell maturation,and the production of IgA-producing plasma cells.The proteins B-lymphocyte stimulator(BLyS)and a proliferation-inducing ligand(APRIL)are involved in this process,and alternative complement and lectin pathway activation are also part of the pathogenic mechanism.Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines indicate that a specific effective treatment for IgAN is lacking,with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors being the primary therapy.Recent research shows that biological agents can significantly reduce proteinuria,stabilize the estimated glomerular filtration rate,and reverse some pathological changes,such as endocapillary proliferation and crescent formation.There are four main categories of biological agents used to treat IgA nephropathy,specifically anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies,anti-BLyS or APRIL monoclonal antibodies,monoclonal antibodies targeting both BLyS and APRIL(telitacicept and atacicept),and monoclonal antibodies inhibiting complement system activation(narsoplimab and eculizumab).However,further research on the dosages,treatment duration,long-term efficacy,and safety of these biological agents is required.展开更多
Psoriasis is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory systemic disease that is not only characterized by skin manifestations but may also be accompanied by various comorbidities,imposing a heavy burden on patients’physical a...Psoriasis is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory systemic disease that is not only characterized by skin manifestations but may also be accompanied by various comorbidities,imposing a heavy burden on patients’physical and mental health and affecting their quality of life.Although the continuous approval of various biological agents for clinical use has provided more effective treatment options to patients with psoriasis,no consensus on the evaluation of comprehensive treatment goals has yet been established.The treat-to-target(T2T)strategy requires consideration of multiple dimensions of treatment outcomes,the development of long-term management goals,and regular assessments of treatment conditions,which are often used in the management of chronic diseases.Therefore,based on the latest consensuses and guidelines,research data,and clinical experience as well as the combination of survey results and expert group discussions,the present consensus focuses on 4 dimensions of short-and long-term integrated management goals for biological agents:alleviating skin lesions,improving quality of life,screening and managing psoriasis comorbidities,and ensuring drug safety.The implementation methods,evaluation time,treatment monitoring,and program adjustments are also herein described to achieve comprehensive management of psoriasis to the maximum extent.This consensus provides a reference for clinical practice.展开更多
Various microorganisms live in association with different parts of plants and can be harmful,neutral,or beneficial to plant health.Some microbial inhabitants of plants can control plant diseases by contesting with,pre...Various microorganisms live in association with different parts of plants and can be harmful,neutral,or beneficial to plant health.Some microbial inhabitants of plants can control plant diseases by contesting with,predating on,or antagonizing plant pathogens and by inducing systems for plant defense.A range of methods,including plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs)as biological control agents(BCAs)(BCA-PGPMs)are used for the biological management and control of plant pathogens.Some BCAs interact with plants by inducing resistance or priming plants without direct interaction with the pathogen.Other BCAs operate via nutrient competition or other mechanisms to modulate the growth conditions for the pathogen.Generally,PGPMs can be applied alone or together with other chemicals or carriers to control various crop diseases.This review highlights the effective types of BCA-PGPMs and their applications,roles,carrier based-formulations,and responses to rice(Oryza sativa L.)pathogens.Future plant disease management prospects are promising,and growers’increasing demand for BCA-PGPM products can be exploited as an effective approach to the management of plant diseases,as well as to improve yield,environmental protection,biological resources,and agricultural system sustainability.展开更多
A series of 3-substituted quinazolinones,2-substituted quinoxalines and 2-substituted benzopyrans were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity in vitro.The new compounds revealed excellent in vitro ant...A series of 3-substituted quinazolinones,2-substituted quinoxalines and 2-substituted benzopyrans were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity in vitro.The new compounds revealed excellent in vitro antifungal activity with broad spectrum.The structure-activity relationships（SARs） of the derivatives were analyzed.Compound 9A2 exhibits better antifungal activity against 5 tested fungi in vitro than fluconazole,especially against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum.This study provides a series of novel lead compounds for the development of non-azole antifungal agents.展开更多
The report sets out to summarize the past and current situation regarding the practice of biologicalcontrol inrelationtothe use and exchange of genetic resources relevant for BCAs.It considers the twomain categories o...The report sets out to summarize the past and current situation regarding the practice of biologicalcontrol inrelationtothe use and exchange of genetic resources relevant for BCAs.It considers the twomain categories of biological control:classical and augmentative.Allowing access to BCAs for use inanother country imposes no risk of liability to the source country.Local scientific knowledge abouthabitats,fauna andflora,can be展开更多
Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are...Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are consequently lacking.The microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a host.The intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age,diet,genetics,and other factors.Such dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance,resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host,and affecting the development of many diseases.In recent decades,significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract,including the brain.Indeed,several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Similarly,the role of the“gut-eye axis”has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular disorders.Moreover,age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable etiologies.As such,the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular degeneration.Given the above context,the present review aims to clarify the gut-brain and gut-eye connections,assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration,and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.Currently,direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited,while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular degeneration.Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut-eye interactions,while integrating analysis of the intestinal flora with research on metabolites through metabolomics and other techniques is crucial for understanding their potential mechanisms.展开更多
The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) in recent years has been highly effective against the different orders of insects considered pests of agricultural importance and their conidia have been commonly applied, but it...The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) in recent years has been highly effective against the different orders of insects considered pests of agricultural importance and their conidia have been commonly applied, but it has been reported that these are sensitive to the environmental conditions. For this reason, biopesticides products have been formulated based on secondary metabolites, recently. These biomolecules participate as biological control agent, such as: cyclic depsipeptides, amino acids, polyketides, polyphenols and terpenoids, affecting their morphology, life cycle and insect behavior. The use of secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi opens the possibility of application in a more efficient way for the control of agricultural pests in a compatible with the environment and human health;therefore, it is important to know, analyzing the type of molecules, their effects, and their different methods of application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders,including Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis,with uncertain etiologies.The natural course of IB...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders,including Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis,with uncertain etiologies.The natural course of IBD can be accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations involving the skin,mucous membranes,musculo-skeletal structures,eyes,cardiovascular system and nervous system.Guillain-Barrésyndrome(GBS)is a type of peripheral neuropathy.However,the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD combined with GBS are unclear,and only a few clinical cases have been reported.Here,we report a case of refractory CD complicated by GBS and review the previous literature to improve the understanding of these diseases.A 34-year-old man had a 9-year history of refractory CD.He became unres-ponsive to multiple drugs and experienced recurrent intestinal fistulas.After several abdominal surgeries and treatment with ustekinumab,he achieved clinical remission.Unfortunately,he developed GBS during maintenance treatment with ustekinumab.According to previous reports,in some patients with IBD combined with GBS,GBS may be a comorbidity,an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD,or an adverse reaction to IBD therapeutic drugs.After a comprehensive evaluation,we suspected that GBS might have been a comorbidity in this patient.To avoid fatal disease relapse after medication discontinuation,we concluded that ustekinumab should not be withdrawn.On the basis of a joint decision between doctors and the patient,we decided to continue maintenance treatment with ustekinumab along with intravenous immunoglobulin,dexamethasone and traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture,which resulted in a steady improvement in his GBS symptoms and sustained remission of CD.CONCLUSION When IBD is complicated by a neurological disease,it is first necessary to analyze the patient's condition and then choose the corresponding treatment strategy.If the neurological disease is a specific comorbidity,treatment of both IBD and the comorbid disease should be considered.For IBD patients with extraintestinal manifestations involving the nervous system,neurological manifestations tend to resolve when the active IBD is controlled.When an adverse drug reaction is suspected,the medication should be discontinued,and symptomatic treatment should be administered.展开更多
Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract.Ultimately,up to 70% of all patients will need surgery,despite optimized medical therapy.Moreover,about...Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract.Ultimately,up to 70% of all patients will need surgery,despite optimized medical therapy.Moreover,about half of the patients will need redo-surgery because of disease recurrence.The introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) drugs(Infliximab in 1998) revolutionized the treatment of CD.Different randomized trials assessed the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment not only to induce,but also to maintain,steroid-free remission.Furthermore,these agents can rapidly lead to mucosal healing.This aspect is important,as it is a major predictor for long-term disease control.Subgroup analyses of responding patients seemed to suggest a reduction in the need for surgery at median-term follow up(1-3 years).However if one looks at population surveys,one does not observe any decline in the need for surgery since the introduction of Infliximab in 1998.The short follow-up term and the exclusion of patients with imminent surgical need in the randomized trials could bias the results.Only 60% of patients respond to induction of anti-TNF therapy,moreover,some patients will actually develop resistance to biologicals.Many patients are diagnosed when stenosing disease has already occurred,obviating the need for biological therapy.In a further attempt to change the actual course of the disease,top down strategies have been progressively implemented.Whether this will indeed obviate surgery for a substantial group of patients remains unclear.For the time being,surgery will still play a pivotal role in the treatment of CD.展开更多
Over the past decade,the therapeutic armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has substantially expanded with the incorporation of multiple classes of advanced therapies.Currently,in addition to tumor necrosis...Over the past decade,the therapeutic armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has substantially expanded with the incorporation of multiple classes of advanced therapies.Currently,in addition to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors,the therapeutic arsenal for IBD includes anti-integrin agents,interleukin(IL)-12/23p40 and IL-23p19 antibodies,Janus kinase inhibitors,and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators.Although advances in IBD pharmacotherapy have enabled disease remission and improved control of intestinal inflammation in many individuals previously considered clinically'intractable',they have also increased the complexity of decision-making related to the initial positioning and sequencing of therapies in the heterogeneous clinical presentations of IBD.Until molecular and genetic markers capable of predicting therapeutic responses become available in practice,the choice of initial and subsequent therapy in individuals with IBD is based on factors including disease severity,phenotype,risk of complications,comorbidities,extraintestinal manifestations,and the balance between efficacy,safety,convenience,and access.This review explores the factors that influence treatment decisions regarding initial therapy selection and sequencing across IBD scenarios,offering practical tips for personalizing therapy based on the safety and efficacy of advanced treatments and the individual's risk of disease-or therapy-related adverse outcomes.展开更多
In this manuscript,we comment on the article by Hasnaoui et al.Specifically,we delve into the characteristic manifestation of Crohn’s disease(CD)known as creeping fat(CF).Our primary focus is to investigate the poten...In this manuscript,we comment on the article by Hasnaoui et al.Specifically,we delve into the characteristic manifestation of Crohn’s disease(CD)known as creeping fat(CF).Our primary focus is to investigate the potential of imaging features of CF in predicting the response of small bowel CD to biologic therapies and fecal microbiota transplantation.We believe that further research should be dedicated to developing methods for quantifying CF in order to provide more accurate predictive tools for the treatment of small bowel CD.展开更多
Background: Occupational exposure to biological materials is a serious risk to the health of workers in their workplaces, due to the possibility of transmitting pathogens such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C V...Background: Occupational exposure to biological materials is a serious risk to the health of workers in their workplaces, due to the possibility of transmitting pathogens such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to analyze the accidents of exposure to biological material which resulted in contamination of Hepatitis B and C in the municipal health Belo Horizonte. Methods: Epidemiological study with cross-sectional design performed by querying the data on accidents at work involving exposure to biological materials and notification data of Viral Hepatitis in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) for the period of 2007 to June 2011, filed with the municipal government of Belo Horizonte. A descriptive analysis was performed using frequency distribution and percentages. Results: The 45 research records were arranged in professional categories, with 57.77% of incidents being ignored, followed by 24.44% nursing technicians, 6.66% nursing assistants, and 2.22% marketers, housekeeping, administrators, janitors, and builders. The average age was 39 years and 64.44% of the professionals were female. At the notification of the accident, 75.55% of professionals were not registered at CAT, and 92.85% of exposures occurred in the hospital;64.29% in contact with blood;35.71% of the causative agent was without needle lumen, 28.57% during administration of intravenous medication, and 57.14% from percutaneous exposure. In the distribution of occupation, 57.78% were contaminated with viral Hepatitis B and C. With vaccination regimens for Hepatitis B, 66.67% of the cases went to nursing assistants and 42.22% were “ignored”. Conclusion: These data confirm the need for reorientation of working practices during daily activities of health workers and guidance for notification of occupational accidents involving biological material and viral Hepatitis B and C in order to improve the quality of the records.展开更多
The aim was to develop green strawberry varieties,control soil-borne diseases from facility strawberry continuous cropping,improve the safety and quality of strawberries and promote the healthy and stable development ...The aim was to develop green strawberry varieties,control soil-borne diseases from facility strawberry continuous cropping,improve the safety and quality of strawberries and promote the healthy and stable development of the strawberry industry. Based on the production practices in recent years,we summarized the physical-biological collaborative prevention and control technology for the disease of facility strawberry continuous cropping facilities,established the technical goals,the main types of soil-borne diseases,and the physical-biological collaborative control prevention and control technologies,mainly including the specific methods and technical points of solar high temperature disinfection technology and biological bacterial fertilizer（ agent） treatment technology.展开更多
Behcet’s disease (BD) is a large vessel vasculitis with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some of these manifestation may be life threatening and rapid suppression of the inflammation with effective immunosupp...Behcet’s disease (BD) is a large vessel vasculitis with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some of these manifestation may be life threatening and rapid suppression of the inflammation with effective immunosuppressive agent is crucial. There are traditional drugs with different response rates and all have efficacy on different manifestations of the disease. The most frightening manifestations of the disease are ocular, neurologic, intestinal and vascular types of involvement. Besides benign and easily treated manifestations there are also refractory cases with complicated involvement. The novel biologic agents have been used for these resistant patients and favorable response rates have been reported. In this review, we have shared our experience with biologic agents in BD and also reviewed the literature for the efficacy and safety for these novel agents for refractory patients.展开更多
文摘One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.
基金This article was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970627)
文摘Two-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica) seedlings were treated with Pt mycorrhiza powder, ABT root-growing powder, HRC water-absorbing agent and high-yield powder, and planted on the sandy land in Balinyouqi, Inner Mongolia (180°12′13″E and 43°13′05″N). The effect and function of these biological agents on survival rate of seedlings were tested and analyzed by measuring the fine root growth and gross root growth. The results showed that the survival rates of the seedlings treated with Pt3, ABT, and HRC biological agents increased by 29.3%, 23.6%, and 16%, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that the length of fine roots (<2 mm) was positively correlated with seedling survival rate, which means that the Pt3 powder, ABT foot-growing powder and HRC water-absorbing powder increased the survival rates of the seedlings by promoting the growth of fine roots. Keywords Biological agents - Pinus sylvstris var.mongolica - Sandy soil - Roots - Survival rate CLC number S723.1 - S791.253 Document code A Foundation item: This article was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970627).Biography: TANG Feng-de (1967-), male, Ph. Doctor in Institute of Applied Ecology. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong
文摘In the past,there has been considerable focus on a host of drugs and chemicals that may produce colonic toxicity.Now,a variety of new biological monoclonal antibody agents,usually administered by infusion,have appeared in the clinical realm over the last decade or so to treat different chronic inflammatory or malignant disorders.For some of these agents,adverse effects have been documented,including apparently new forms of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease.In some,only limited symptoms have been recorded,but in others,severe colitis with serious complications,such as bowel perforation has been recorded.In others,adverse effects may have a direct vascular or ischemic basis,while other intestinal effects may be related to a superimposed infection.Some new onset cases of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease may also be attributed to the same agents used to treat these diseases,or be responsible for disease exacerbation.Dramatic and well documented side effects have been observed with ipilimumab,a humanized monoclonal antibody developed to reduce and overcome cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4,a key negative feedback regulator of the T-cell anti-tumor response.This agent has frequently been used in the treatment of different malignancies,notably,malignant melanoma.Side effects with this agent occur in up to 40% and these are believed to be largely immune-mediated.One of these is a form of enterocolitis that may be severe,and occa-sionally,fatal.Other agents include rituximab(an antiCD20 monoclonal antibody),bevacizumab(a monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor) and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents,including infliximab,adalimumab and etanercept.
基金This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C0235) and Youth Foundation of Harbin City (0061218024).
文摘The experiment on control of Lymantria dispar L by using different kinds ofbiological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Lymantria dispar L., BtMP-342,sex-attractant as well as botanical insecticide, was carried out in the forest regions of InnerMongolia in 2003. Two concentrations (2.632x10^6 PIB ? ml^(-1) and 2.632x10^7 PIB ?ml^(-1)) of Lymantria dispar L. NPV were sprayed on the 2rd-instar-larvae of L. dispar and 70% and77.8% control effect were obtained respectively. BtMP0-342 was applied to the 3rd- and 4th-instarlarvae and the control effect was around 80%. The sex-attractant provided by Canada Pacific ForestryResearch Center also showed a good result in trapping L. dispar adults. The self-produced botanicalinsecticide, which was extracted from a kind of poisonous plant distributed in Daxing'an Mountains,China, exhibited a good control result in controlling the larvae of L. dispar, and 82% mortalitywas observed when spraying primary liquid of the botanical insecticide on the 3rd-5th-instar-larvaein lab.
基金Supported by The Chonnam Natinal University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute(CRI 11076-21 and 13906-22)Forest Science and Technology Projects,No.S121313L050100provided by Korea Forest Service
文摘Because inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease and Sjogren's syndrome, topical anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine A have been used to treat inflammation of the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. Systemic biological agents that target specific immune molecules or cells such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interferone-α, interleukin(IL)-1, IL-6, or B cells have been used in an attempt to treat Sjogren's syndrome. However, the efficacy of systemic biological agents, other than B-cell targeting agents, has not yet been confirmed in Sjogren's syndrome. Several studies have recently evaluated the efficacy of topical administration of biological agents targeting cytokines in the treatment of dry eye disease. Topical blockade of IL-1 by using IL-1 receptor antagonist could ameliorate clinical signs and inflammation of experimental dry eye. Using a mouse model of desiccating stress-induced dry eye, we have demonstrated that topical application of a TNF-α blocking agent, infliximab, could improve tear production and ocular surface irregularity, decrease inflammatory cytokines and Th-1 CD4+ cells on the ocular surface, and increase gobletcell density in the conjunctiva. Although controversy still remains, the use of topical biological agents targeting inflammatory cytokines may be a promising therapy for human dry eye disease.
文摘Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses, were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonistic bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70% with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent disease and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of Fujian,Grant/Award Number:2017ZDZKSBFujian Clinical Medical ResearchCenter for Immune Kidney Disease,Grant/Award Number:2021Y2016。
文摘Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is the most common primary glomerular disease,and the“four-hit”theory represents its currently accepted pathogenic mechanism.Mucosal immunity triggered by infections in the respiratory tract,intestines,or other areas leads to antigen presentation,T cell stimulation,B cell maturation,and the production of IgA-producing plasma cells.The proteins B-lymphocyte stimulator(BLyS)and a proliferation-inducing ligand(APRIL)are involved in this process,and alternative complement and lectin pathway activation are also part of the pathogenic mechanism.Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines indicate that a specific effective treatment for IgAN is lacking,with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors being the primary therapy.Recent research shows that biological agents can significantly reduce proteinuria,stabilize the estimated glomerular filtration rate,and reverse some pathological changes,such as endocapillary proliferation and crescent formation.There are four main categories of biological agents used to treat IgA nephropathy,specifically anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies,anti-BLyS or APRIL monoclonal antibodies,monoclonal antibodies targeting both BLyS and APRIL(telitacicept and atacicept),and monoclonal antibodies inhibiting complement system activation(narsoplimab and eculizumab).However,further research on the dosages,treatment duration,long-term efficacy,and safety of these biological agents is required.
文摘Psoriasis is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory systemic disease that is not only characterized by skin manifestations but may also be accompanied by various comorbidities,imposing a heavy burden on patients’physical and mental health and affecting their quality of life.Although the continuous approval of various biological agents for clinical use has provided more effective treatment options to patients with psoriasis,no consensus on the evaluation of comprehensive treatment goals has yet been established.The treat-to-target(T2T)strategy requires consideration of multiple dimensions of treatment outcomes,the development of long-term management goals,and regular assessments of treatment conditions,which are often used in the management of chronic diseases.Therefore,based on the latest consensuses and guidelines,research data,and clinical experience as well as the combination of survey results and expert group discussions,the present consensus focuses on 4 dimensions of short-and long-term integrated management goals for biological agents:alleviating skin lesions,improving quality of life,screening and managing psoriasis comorbidities,and ensuring drug safety.The implementation methods,evaluation time,treatment monitoring,and program adjustments are also herein described to achieve comprehensive management of psoriasis to the maximum extent.This consensus provides a reference for clinical practice.
基金Raiganj University,IndiaInstituto Tecnológico de Sonora,México+7 种基金Campo Experimental Norman E.Borlaug-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales,Agrícolas y Pecuarias(INIFAP),MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira,VenezuelaFederal University of Pernambuco,BrazilFederal University of Agriculture,NigeriaUniversity of Tabriz,IranIndian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute for supportthe Government of West Bengal,India for the Swami Vivekananda Merit Cum Means Ph.D.Scholarship(No.WBP191584588825)the Department of Science and Technology(DST),India for Inspire Fellowship(No.IF190457)。
文摘Various microorganisms live in association with different parts of plants and can be harmful,neutral,or beneficial to plant health.Some microbial inhabitants of plants can control plant diseases by contesting with,predating on,or antagonizing plant pathogens and by inducing systems for plant defense.A range of methods,including plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs)as biological control agents(BCAs)(BCA-PGPMs)are used for the biological management and control of plant pathogens.Some BCAs interact with plants by inducing resistance or priming plants without direct interaction with the pathogen.Other BCAs operate via nutrient competition or other mechanisms to modulate the growth conditions for the pathogen.Generally,PGPMs can be applied alone or together with other chemicals or carriers to control various crop diseases.This review highlights the effective types of BCA-PGPMs and their applications,roles,carrier based-formulations,and responses to rice(Oryza sativa L.)pathogens.Future plant disease management prospects are promising,and growers’increasing demand for BCA-PGPM products can be exploited as an effective approach to the management of plant diseases,as well as to improve yield,environmental protection,biological resources,and agricultural system sustainability.
基金supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2012HQ026)the Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Health Department(No.110480)
文摘A series of 3-substituted quinazolinones,2-substituted quinoxalines and 2-substituted benzopyrans were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity in vitro.The new compounds revealed excellent in vitro antifungal activity with broad spectrum.The structure-activity relationships（SARs） of the derivatives were analyzed.Compound 9A2 exhibits better antifungal activity against 5 tested fungi in vitro than fluconazole,especially against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum.This study provides a series of novel lead compounds for the development of non-azole antifungal agents.
文摘The report sets out to summarize the past and current situation regarding the practice of biologicalcontrol inrelationtothe use and exchange of genetic resources relevant for BCAs.It considers the twomain categories of biological control:classical and augmentative.Allowing access to BCAs for use inanother country imposes no risk of liability to the source country.Local scientific knowledge abouthabitats,fauna andflora,can be
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171080Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project,No.YKK23264Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,Nos.JX10414151,JX10414152(all to KL)。
文摘Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are consequently lacking.The microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a host.The intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age,diet,genetics,and other factors.Such dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance,resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host,and affecting the development of many diseases.In recent decades,significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract,including the brain.Indeed,several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Similarly,the role of the“gut-eye axis”has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular disorders.Moreover,age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable etiologies.As such,the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular degeneration.Given the above context,the present review aims to clarify the gut-brain and gut-eye connections,assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration,and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.Currently,direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited,while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular degeneration.Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut-eye interactions,while integrating analysis of the intestinal flora with research on metabolites through metabolomics and other techniques is crucial for understanding their potential mechanisms.
文摘The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) in recent years has been highly effective against the different orders of insects considered pests of agricultural importance and their conidia have been commonly applied, but it has been reported that these are sensitive to the environmental conditions. For this reason, biopesticides products have been formulated based on secondary metabolites, recently. These biomolecules participate as biological control agent, such as: cyclic depsipeptides, amino acids, polyketides, polyphenols and terpenoids, affecting their morphology, life cycle and insect behavior. The use of secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi opens the possibility of application in a more efficient way for the control of agricultural pests in a compatible with the environment and human health;therefore, it is important to know, analyzing the type of molecules, their effects, and their different methods of application.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders,including Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis,with uncertain etiologies.The natural course of IBD can be accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations involving the skin,mucous membranes,musculo-skeletal structures,eyes,cardiovascular system and nervous system.Guillain-Barrésyndrome(GBS)is a type of peripheral neuropathy.However,the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD combined with GBS are unclear,and only a few clinical cases have been reported.Here,we report a case of refractory CD complicated by GBS and review the previous literature to improve the understanding of these diseases.A 34-year-old man had a 9-year history of refractory CD.He became unres-ponsive to multiple drugs and experienced recurrent intestinal fistulas.After several abdominal surgeries and treatment with ustekinumab,he achieved clinical remission.Unfortunately,he developed GBS during maintenance treatment with ustekinumab.According to previous reports,in some patients with IBD combined with GBS,GBS may be a comorbidity,an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD,or an adverse reaction to IBD therapeutic drugs.After a comprehensive evaluation,we suspected that GBS might have been a comorbidity in this patient.To avoid fatal disease relapse after medication discontinuation,we concluded that ustekinumab should not be withdrawn.On the basis of a joint decision between doctors and the patient,we decided to continue maintenance treatment with ustekinumab along with intravenous immunoglobulin,dexamethasone and traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture,which resulted in a steady improvement in his GBS symptoms and sustained remission of CD.CONCLUSION When IBD is complicated by a neurological disease,it is first necessary to analyze the patient's condition and then choose the corresponding treatment strategy.If the neurological disease is a specific comorbidity,treatment of both IBD and the comorbid disease should be considered.For IBD patients with extraintestinal manifestations involving the nervous system,neurological manifestations tend to resolve when the active IBD is controlled.When an adverse drug reaction is suspected,the medication should be discontinued,and symptomatic treatment should be administered.
文摘Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract.Ultimately,up to 70% of all patients will need surgery,despite optimized medical therapy.Moreover,about half of the patients will need redo-surgery because of disease recurrence.The introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) drugs(Infliximab in 1998) revolutionized the treatment of CD.Different randomized trials assessed the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment not only to induce,but also to maintain,steroid-free remission.Furthermore,these agents can rapidly lead to mucosal healing.This aspect is important,as it is a major predictor for long-term disease control.Subgroup analyses of responding patients seemed to suggest a reduction in the need for surgery at median-term follow up(1-3 years).However if one looks at population surveys,one does not observe any decline in the need for surgery since the introduction of Infliximab in 1998.The short follow-up term and the exclusion of patients with imminent surgical need in the randomized trials could bias the results.Only 60% of patients respond to induction of anti-TNF therapy,moreover,some patients will actually develop resistance to biologicals.Many patients are diagnosed when stenosing disease has already occurred,obviating the need for biological therapy.In a further attempt to change the actual course of the disease,top down strategies have been progressively implemented.Whether this will indeed obviate surgery for a substantial group of patients remains unclear.For the time being,surgery will still play a pivotal role in the treatment of CD.
文摘Over the past decade,the therapeutic armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has substantially expanded with the incorporation of multiple classes of advanced therapies.Currently,in addition to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors,the therapeutic arsenal for IBD includes anti-integrin agents,interleukin(IL)-12/23p40 and IL-23p19 antibodies,Janus kinase inhibitors,and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators.Although advances in IBD pharmacotherapy have enabled disease remission and improved control of intestinal inflammation in many individuals previously considered clinically'intractable',they have also increased the complexity of decision-making related to the initial positioning and sequencing of therapies in the heterogeneous clinical presentations of IBD.Until molecular and genetic markers capable of predicting therapeutic responses become available in practice,the choice of initial and subsequent therapy in individuals with IBD is based on factors including disease severity,phenotype,risk of complications,comorbidities,extraintestinal manifestations,and the balance between efficacy,safety,convenience,and access.This review explores the factors that influence treatment decisions regarding initial therapy selection and sequencing across IBD scenarios,offering practical tips for personalizing therapy based on the safety and efficacy of advanced treatments and the individual's risk of disease-or therapy-related adverse outcomes.
文摘In this manuscript,we comment on the article by Hasnaoui et al.Specifically,we delve into the characteristic manifestation of Crohn’s disease(CD)known as creeping fat(CF).Our primary focus is to investigate the potential of imaging features of CF in predicting the response of small bowel CD to biologic therapies and fecal microbiota transplantation.We believe that further research should be dedicated to developing methods for quantifying CF in order to provide more accurate predictive tools for the treatment of small bowel CD.
文摘Background: Occupational exposure to biological materials is a serious risk to the health of workers in their workplaces, due to the possibility of transmitting pathogens such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to analyze the accidents of exposure to biological material which resulted in contamination of Hepatitis B and C in the municipal health Belo Horizonte. Methods: Epidemiological study with cross-sectional design performed by querying the data on accidents at work involving exposure to biological materials and notification data of Viral Hepatitis in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) for the period of 2007 to June 2011, filed with the municipal government of Belo Horizonte. A descriptive analysis was performed using frequency distribution and percentages. Results: The 45 research records were arranged in professional categories, with 57.77% of incidents being ignored, followed by 24.44% nursing technicians, 6.66% nursing assistants, and 2.22% marketers, housekeeping, administrators, janitors, and builders. The average age was 39 years and 64.44% of the professionals were female. At the notification of the accident, 75.55% of professionals were not registered at CAT, and 92.85% of exposures occurred in the hospital;64.29% in contact with blood;35.71% of the causative agent was without needle lumen, 28.57% during administration of intravenous medication, and 57.14% from percutaneous exposure. In the distribution of occupation, 57.78% were contaminated with viral Hepatitis B and C. With vaccination regimens for Hepatitis B, 66.67% of the cases went to nursing assistants and 42.22% were “ignored”. Conclusion: These data confirm the need for reorientation of working practices during daily activities of health workers and guidance for notification of occupational accidents involving biological material and viral Hepatitis B and C in order to improve the quality of the records.
基金Supported by the Comprehensive Treatment Technology Research and Development for Greenhouse Strawberry Successive Cropping Obstacles,the Agricultural Science and Technology Support Program of Jurong City(NY2016745091)the Integrated Demonstration of Green Control Technologies for Strawberry Pests and Diseases,the Demonstration and Promotion Project of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission[Hunongketui Zi(2015)No.2-7]
文摘The aim was to develop green strawberry varieties,control soil-borne diseases from facility strawberry continuous cropping,improve the safety and quality of strawberries and promote the healthy and stable development of the strawberry industry. Based on the production practices in recent years,we summarized the physical-biological collaborative prevention and control technology for the disease of facility strawberry continuous cropping facilities,established the technical goals,the main types of soil-borne diseases,and the physical-biological collaborative control prevention and control technologies,mainly including the specific methods and technical points of solar high temperature disinfection technology and biological bacterial fertilizer（ agent） treatment technology.
文摘Behcet’s disease (BD) is a large vessel vasculitis with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some of these manifestation may be life threatening and rapid suppression of the inflammation with effective immunosuppressive agent is crucial. There are traditional drugs with different response rates and all have efficacy on different manifestations of the disease. The most frightening manifestations of the disease are ocular, neurologic, intestinal and vascular types of involvement. Besides benign and easily treated manifestations there are also refractory cases with complicated involvement. The novel biologic agents have been used for these resistant patients and favorable response rates have been reported. In this review, we have shared our experience with biologic agents in BD and also reviewed the literature for the efficacy and safety for these novel agents for refractory patients.
