Although low testosterone levels in men have been associated with high risk for cardiovascular disease, little is known about the association between male sex hormones and subclinical coronary disease in men with appa...Although low testosterone levels in men have been associated with high risk for cardiovascular disease, little is known about the association between male sex hormones and subclinical coronary disease in men with apparently low cardiometabolic risk. This study was performed to investigate the association between male sex hormones and subclinical coronary artery calcification measured as coronary calcium score in non-obese Korean men. We examined the relationship of total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavai lable testosterone and free testosterone with coronary calcium score in 291 non-obese Korean men （mean age： 52.8--- 9.3 years） not having a history of cardiovascular disease. Using multiple linear regression, we evaluated associations between log （sex hormone） levels and log （coronary calcium score） after adjusting for confounding variables in 105 men with some degree of coronary calcification defined as coronary calcium score ~〉 1. In multiple linear regression analysis, bioavailable testosterone was inversely associated with coronary calcium score （P=0.046） after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, mean blood pressure, resting heart rate, C-reactive protein, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） cholesterol, hypertension medication and hyperlipidernia medication, whereas total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone were not （P=0.674, P=O. 121 and P=O. 102, respectively）. Our findings indicate that bioavailable testosterone is inversely associated with the degree of subclinical coronary artery calcification in non-obese men.展开更多
Various forms of phosphorus (P) could become bioavailable such as from desorption, dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis. Potential bioavailable P estimation is critical to minimize eutrophication in freshwater systems...Various forms of phosphorus (P) could become bioavailable such as from desorption, dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis. Potential bioavailable P estimation is critical to minimize eutrophication in freshwater systems. Thus, this study was conducted to predict potential bioavailable P in the water columns and sediments and their relations with enzymatic hydrolysis, and estimate impacts of land use and anthropogenic activities on P bioavailability, P transport and water quality in the Bronx River, New York, USA. In sediment samples collected in 2006, total P (TP), total inor-ganic P (IP), total organic P (OP) and bioavailable P (BAP) were in highest concentrations in sites located at Bronx River Valley upstream in Westchester (site 2), Troublesome Brook (TB, site 4), Sprain Brook (SB, site 7b) and Bronx River estuary near Sound View Park (site 14) respectively. Also, phosphodiesterase and native phosphatases (PDEase and NPase) hydrolyzed distinguishingly high amounts of OP or enzymatically hydrolysable P (EHP) in samples from sites 4, 7b, 10 (New York Botanical Garden) and 14. Microbial P was in negative values (caused by different bacteria and microorganisms could not be paralyzed by chloroform), and the most negative concentrations were appeared at sties 4 and 14. Spatial comparisons among different locations showed distinguished characteristics in tributaries and estuary. In sediments collected in 2007, TP, BAP and IP were in highest concentrations at sites 7-SB, 11-Bronx Zoo, 12-East Tremont Ave Bridge where fresh and saline water meets, 13-estuary facing Hunts Point Waste Water Treatment Plant (HP WWTP) and 14-estuary along Sound View Park. Besides, PDEase-P highest concentrations ap-peared at sties 7, 13 and 11, NPase-P concentrations were highest at 7 and 11. Microbial P was highest at sties 11 and 14. Spatial variations showed that higher P content and more intense enzymatic hydrolysis in silty clay finer sediments at site 7, 11 and 13. Temporal variations between the two years’ data showed land use and other anthropogenic factors’ impacts on P transport in river and deposit in sediments. Analysis of the river water samples showed that average soluble reactive P (SRP, 67 μg.l-1) in 2006 and SRP (68μg.l-1) in 2007 both were greater than background P concentration in most natural water (42 μg.l-1).展开更多
[Objectives] The research was conducted to study characteristics of bioavailable levels pollution of heavy metals in the surface soil of the lead-zinc mine in Changhua.[Methods] A total of 56 surface samples were coll...[Objectives] The research was conducted to study characteristics of bioavailable levels pollution of heavy metals in the surface soil of the lead-zinc mine in Changhua.[Methods] A total of 56 surface samples were collected from the 3 study zones （peripheral zone, reclamation zone and tailing zone） located at the lead-zine mine in Changhua. Based on total and bioavailable heavy metals （Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd） in soils, the correlation of total content with bioavailable content was analyzed, and their pollution characteristics were assessed by methods of single factor pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index.[Results] （i） The surface soils were polluted by Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd in different degrees, and the overall trend of the contents of the 4 heavy metals was in order of Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cu. The average excess multiple of heavy metals of total and bioavailable content in soils were in the order of peripheral zone 〉 tailing zone 〉 reclaimed zone, and their pollution degrees were tailing zone 〉 peripheral zone 〉 reclaimed zone. （ii） In general, the total and bioavailable contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd showed a significant correlation, but were not correlated in each study zone. （iii） Pollution degrees of the study zones were in the order of tailing zone 〉 peripheral zone 〉 reclamation zone. The pollutions of heavy metals Pb and Cd were more serious, especially Cd reached high levels of pollution degree, and the pollution degrees of Zn, Cu were lighter. Contributors of ecological risk were mainly Cd, Pb and Cu, and the contribution of Cd achieved more than 90 %, making it the main source of pollution.[Conclusions] The results not only revealed the pollution status of heavy metals in the surface soil of the abandoned coal mine, but also could provide scientific guidance for reasonable utilization and ecological recovery of the land.展开更多
BACKGROUND Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal inhibiting fungal growth by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and exhibits a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile.Erratic absorption pattern with wide fluctua...BACKGROUND Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal inhibiting fungal growth by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and exhibits a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile.Erratic absorption pattern with wide fluctuations in blood levels causes inconsistent and unpredictable clinical behaviour of this drug despite its low minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)as compared to other antifungal agents.AIM To compare the oral bioavailability and bioequivalence of Fixtral SB(supra bioavailable itraconazole)with reference product R2(supra bioavailable 2×50 mg itraconazole).METHODS The study population consisted of 54 healthy volunteers,aged between 18-45 years and randomized to receive a single oral dose of either test[T;Fixtral SB(supra bioavailable itraconazole)100 mg]or reference product(R1;Sporanox 100 mg×2 capsules and R2;Lozanoc capsules 50 mg×2 capsules).Blood samples were taken pre-dose and post-dose up to 96 h.The study evaluated bioequivalence by comparing the oral bioavailability of the test product with reference product R2.The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug were evaluated by comparing the test product with reference product R1.Pharmacokinetics(PK)-PD comparative analysis[area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)>25]was performed for conventional itraconazole 100 mg and supra bioavailable itraconazole 50 mg.Adverse events(AEs)assessments were performed in each study period and post-study evaluation.RESULTS Statistical analysis of primary PK variables revealed bioequivalence,with confidence intervals being completely inside the acceptance criteria of 80%-125%.The peak concentration levels of itraconazole were achieved at 10 h(T)and 8.5 h(R2),respectively.Pharmacodynamic parameter assessment showed that AUC/MIC for R1 are comparable to Fixtral SB 100mg for MIC levels up to 16mcg/mL(P>0.05 and observed P=0.3196).Six AEs were observed that were mild to moderate in severity and resolved.No severe AE was reported.CONCLUSION Test product itraconazole Capsule 100 mg is bioequivalent with the reference product(R2)at 100 mg dose(2 capsules of Lozanoc®50 mg)under fed conditions.Pharmacodynamics activity in terms of AUC/MIC is comparable between the test product at 100 mg dose and marketed itraconazole 200 mg.Fixtral SB is expected to have therapeutically similar efficacy at half the equivalent dose.Tested formulations were found to be safe and well tolerated.展开更多
Curcumin is a widely studied natural compound which has shown tremendous in vitro therapeutic poten- tial. Despite that, the clinical efficacy of the native curcumin is weak due to its low bioavailability and high met...Curcumin is a widely studied natural compound which has shown tremendous in vitro therapeutic poten- tial. Despite that, the clinical efficacy of the native curcumin is weak due to its low bioavailability and high metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. During the last decade, researchers have come up with dif- ferent formulations with a focus on improving the bioavailability of curcumin. As a result, a significant number of bioavailable curcumin-based formulations were introduced with the varying range of enhanced bioavailability. The purpose of this review is to collate the published clinical studies of cur- cumin products with.improved bioavailability over conventional （unformulated） curcumin. Based on the literature search, 11 curcumin formulations with available human bioavailability and pharmacokinet- ics data were included in this review. Further, the data on clinical study design, analytical method, phar- macokinetic parameters and other relevant details of each formulation were extracted. Based on a review of these studies, it is evident that better bioavailability of formulated curcumin products is mostly attrib- uted to improved solubility, stability, and possibly low first-pass metabolism. The review hopes to provide a quick reference guide for anyone looking information on these bioavailable curcumin formulations. Based on the published reports, NovaSol （185）, CurcuWin （136） and LongVida （100） exhibited over 100-fold higher bioavailability relative to reference unformulated curcumin. Suggested mechanisms accounting for improved bioavailability of the formulations and details on the bioanalysis methods are also discussed.展开更多
The method to remove bioavailable amounts of heavy metals from a contaminated soil by using plants is defined as bioavailable contaminant stripping （BCS） and could safely be applied if the soil＇s long-term ability ...The method to remove bioavailable amounts of heavy metals from a contaminated soil by using plants is defined as bioavailable contaminant stripping （BCS） and could safely be applied if the soil＇s long-term ability to replenish the bioavuilable pool is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of three common plant species selected, Brassica juncea, Poa annua, and Helianthus annus, to remove bioavailable amounts of mercury （Hg） from a contaminated industrial soil containing 15.1 mg kg-1 Hg. Trials were carried out under greenhouse conditions using pots （mesocosms）. According to the precautionary principle, we modified the BCS remediation approach by adding a new step, in which mercury bioavailability was increased by the addition of a strong mobilizing agent, ammonium thiosulphate, （NH4）28203, to obtain an estimate of the likely long-term bioavailable Hg pool. The modified BCS remediation approach was called enhanced bioavailable contaminant stripping （EBCS）. After one growth cycle, nearly all the bioavailable mercury （95.7%） was removed and the metal remaining in the soil was considered inert since it was neither extractable by （NH4）2S2O3 nor taken up by plants during a second growth cycle. The results demonstrated that EBCS appeared promising since it removed the most dangerous metal forms while substantially shortening the cleanup time.展开更多
The bioavailability of selenium(Se)from ground beef has been previously found in this laboratory to be greater than that of selenite or selenate when fed to female Fischer 344 rats(B. Shi,J.E.Spallholz,J Am Coil Nutr,...The bioavailability of selenium(Se)from ground beef has been previously found in this laboratory to be greater than that of selenite or selenate when fed to female Fischer 344 rats(B. Shi,J.E.Spallholz,J Am Coil Nutr,13:95￣101,1994).In the present study we examined the bioavailability of Se from various commercial portions of beef,the liver,striploin,round, shoulder and brisket.All beef was cooked, freeze-dried,finely powdered and mixed with the other dietary ingredients.The experimental diets were fed to the weanling Fischer 344 rats which had been subjected to dietary depletion of Se for 6 weeks.The bioavailability of Se from the beef diets was compared with that of Se as se lenite or L-seienomethionine(SeMet)added to torula-yeast diets.Each experimental diet contained 0'10mg Se/kg.After 8 weeks of dietary Se repletion,relative activity of liver glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9;GSHPx) from the different dietary groups colllpared with that of control animals(100%)was(%):selenite 91,SeMet 122 (P<0.05),liver 108, striploin 105,round 106, shoulder 106,brisket 103.Se recovery in liver was generally highest from SeMet>beef muscle=beef liver>selenite.Muscle tissue deposition of Se was highest from SeMet>beef muscle>selenite=beef liver.In addition, the feeal excretion of Se was lowest from the SeMet dietary group and highest from the selenite dietary group.The experimetal results suggest that all cuts of beef appear to be highly bioavailable sources of dietary Se when compared with selenite or L-SeMet.展开更多
Experiments on Phosphorus （P） fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were performed under adequate hydrodynamic conditions. It is found that the concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter （SPM） in th...Experiments on Phosphorus （P） fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were performed under adequate hydrodynamic conditions. It is found that the concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter （SPM） in the eddy current region exhibits the ＂Matthew effect＂. Velocity is an impact factor of the Equilibrium Phosphate Concentration （EPC）, which is related to other hydraulic conditions. Overall bioavailable dissolved P in the SPM causes migration to overlying water and sediment, eventually being converted into a chemical speciation of P. Conditions of resuspension promote A1-P of SPM that migrated to the sediment and water. Concentrations of A1-P in SPM are reduced. P is released from SPM to water bodies, mainly through conversion into particulate P and dissolved total P. Meanwhile, exchange between SPM and sediments occur mainly through Ca-P migration. A1-P and BD-P possess similar geochemical characteristics or source. Ca-P and A1-P exhibit a negative correlation between migration and conversion.展开更多
Manganese(Mn)is widely used to control cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)uptake by rice,but the effects of different Mn forms and concentrations on Cd/As movement in the soil-rice system are unclear.The study investigated the...Manganese(Mn)is widely used to control cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)uptake by rice,but the effects of different Mn forms and concentrations on Cd/As movement in the soil-rice system are unclear.The study investigated the mechanisms by which three Mn compounds affected the accumulation of Cd/As in rice under different application rates.MnO2,MnSO4,and MnCO_(3) treatments significantly reduced grains Cd levels by 27.6%,30.2%,and 28.1%,respectively,while As levels were less consistently affected.Three forms of Mn fertilizers enhanced the conversion of exchangeable to carbonate bound-Cd,which closely related to the increase of soil pH.MnO_(2) and MnCO_(3) reduced Cd translocation by increasing Cd/As adsorption on iron plaques,and MnSO4 and MnCO_(3) decreased Cd translocation by boosting root SOD and Cys levels.Transcriptome analysis revealed that Mn^(2+) upregulated genes involved in the antioxidant defense system,limited Cd transport by enhancing OsABCC1 and OsHMA3 expression,and promoted As translocation by increasing OsLsi2 expression.Overall,different forms of Mn fertilizers effectively reduced Cd toxicity by fixing Cd in soil carbonate and iron plaques,and restricting Cd transport.Although Mn fertilizers reduced As availability in soil and affected As absorption in rice,they have certain limitations and need to be further explored.These findings reveal the mechanism by which different forms of Mn regulate the fixation and migration behavior of Cd and As,providing new ideas and theoretical basis for reducing the environmental risk of Cd and As.展开更多
In the pharmaceutical field,machine learning can play an important role in drug development,production and treatment.Co-crystallization techniques have shown promising potential to enhance the properties of active pha...In the pharmaceutical field,machine learning can play an important role in drug development,production and treatment.Co-crystallization techniques have shown promising potential to enhance the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)such as solubility,permeability,and bioavailability,all without altering their chemical structure.This approach opens new avenues for developing natural products into effective drugs,especially those previously challenging in formulation.Emodin,an anthraquinone-based natural product,is a notable example due to its diverse biological activities;however,its physicochemical limitations,such as poor solubility and easy sublimation,restricted its clinical application.While various methods have improved emodin's physicochemical properties,research on its bioavailability remains limited.In our study,we summarize cocrystals and salts produced through co-crystallization technology and identify piperazine as a favorable coformer.Conflicting conclusions from computational chemistry and molecular modeling method and machine learning method regarding the formation of an emodin-piperazine cocrystal or salt led us to experimentally validate these possibilities.Ultimately,we successfully obtained the emodin-piperazine cocrystal,which were characterized and evaluated by several in vitro methods and pharmacokinetic studies.In addition,experiments have shown that emodin has a certain therapeutic effect on sepsis,so we also evaluated emodin-piperazine biological activity in a sepsis model.The results demonstrate that co-crystallization significantly enhances emodin's solubility,permeability,and bioavailability.Pharmacodynamic studies indicate that the emodin-piperazine cocrystal improves sepsis symptoms and provides protective effects against liver and kidney damage associated with sepsis.This study offers renewed hope for natural products with broad biological activities yet hindered by physicochemical limitations by advancing co-crystallization as a viable development approach.展开更多
The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sust...The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.展开更多
Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer fro...Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability.Nanoformulations address these limitations by improving solubility,targeted delivery,and controlled release.This approach opens new possibilities for treating chronic diseases like cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative disorders.This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanotechnology-based formulation strategies designed to enhance the delivery,stability,and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and also discusses regulatory issues,safety concerns,scalability,and cost-effectiveness.Emphasis was placed on nanoformulation techniques employed for key phytoconstituents such as curcumin,resveratrol,epigallocatechin gallate,and quercetin.The most commonly employed nanocarriers included polymeric nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles,and liposomes.These formulations significantly improved the solubility,stability,and controlled release profiles of phytochemicals.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antioxidant activities.Moreover,surface-modified and targeted nanoparticles showed promise in increasing site-specific targeting and enhancing bioavailability of the encapsulated compounds.Nanoformulations present a promising strategy for overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations of phytochemicals.Despite encouraging preclinical results,further studies are needed to address issues related to long-term safety,clinical efficacy,and regulatory approval for successful clinical translation.展开更多
The escalating global demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates the development of effective biological alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers,particularly those addressing phosphorus(P)use efficiency...The escalating global demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates the development of effective biological alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers,particularly those addressing phosphorus(P)use efficiency.This study focused on the isolation and detailed characterization of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from soil or compost to evaluate their impact and potential for use as biofertilizers.Fungal isolation was performed using serial dilution from various sources,followed by molecular and morphological characterization to identify promising strains.Four strains were ultimately selected and identified using morphological,biochemical,and molecular techniques:Aspergillus flavus(CM1),Penicillium crustosum(C3),Penicillium fellutanum(C4),and Metarhizium robertsii(J1).The most active strain was initially tested in liquid and solid media supplemented with synthetic P(Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2))and was evaluated by measuring fungal biomass and P titration.This strain demonstrated good growth and activity,supporting an optimal temperature of 25℃,a pH of 3,an ammonium concentration of 1.5 g/L,and a glucose addition of 25.0 g/L.The biofertilization potential of the selected strains was then comprehensively evaluated through controlled experiments,including the optimization of growing conditions,quanti fication of soluble P under hermetic storage in soil,and measurement of soil fungal populations to assess their impact.P transformation experiments conducted in hermetic jars showed that CM1 had the highest CO_(2) release(approximately 7115.30 mg CO_(2)/100 g soil)and the highest soluble P levels at the final sampling time(78.85 mg/L),thus outperforming the other strains.Furthermore,in soil hermetic jars,CM1(reaching up to 26×10^(4) CFU(colony forming units)/g soil)and C4 significantly enhanced soil microbial activity and P bioavailability.These results clearly highlight the potential of the selected fungal strains as biofertilizers to improve P availability and boost crop productivity in P-deficient soils.展开更多
Dear Editor,With the growing food demands and the rapid development of intensive vegetable cultivation,the vegetable yield and planting area have increased to 230 million tons and 2.13 million hectares,respectively,in...Dear Editor,With the growing food demands and the rapid development of intensive vegetable cultivation,the vegetable yield and planting area have increased to 230 million tons and 2.13 million hectares,respectively,in China in 2021(MARAPRC,2023).展开更多
Paddy soil in carbonate regions is susceptible to cadmium(Cd)contamination from geogenic or anthropogenic sources.However,Cd solubility in carbonate-derived alkaline paddy soils with contrasting Cd sources and propert...Paddy soil in carbonate regions is susceptible to cadmium(Cd)contamination from geogenic or anthropogenic sources.However,Cd solubility in carbonate-derived alkaline paddy soils with contrasting Cd sources and properties under redox alternations is poorly understood.In this study,paddy soils enriched with geogenic or mine drainage-derived Cd and presenting contrasting manganese and sulfur abundances were incubated under alternating redox conditions.The changes in aqueous chemistry,Cd bioavailability and speciation were investigated.The results revealed that mine drainage significantly elevated the content of soluble sulfate and the abundance of sulfur-related bacteria(e.g.,Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus)in paddy soils.For contaminated soils,the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides and cation exchange induce Cd mobilization from soils during the initial reduction period.More than 90%of the soluble Cd was subsequently re-sequestered,concomitant with the increase in residual and organically bound Cd fractions.Nevertheless,the soluble Cd gradually decreased in geogenic soil during the reduction period.During the reoxidation period,the Cd solubility increased in all the soils in the initial 3 days.Afterward,soluble Cd was partially immobilized by different soil constituents.As a result of Cd redistribution,Cd bioavailability decreased with reduction time and increased with ongoing oxidization of the soil.These results indicate that the solubility and fate of Cd vary in soils and strongly depend on soil biogeochemical properties in the karst region.展开更多
The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BM...The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.展开更多
Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical t...Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.展开更多
Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH...Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH18,and DH29)with distinct Zn and PA profiles were used to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of milling(DOM)on Zn bioavailability.Results showed DOM followed a double-exponential decay pattern(R^(2)>0.99)with milling time,varying among the four DH lines under identical milling conditions.As DOM increased,Zn,PA,and phosphorus(P)concentrations decreased progressively.展开更多
Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating ga...Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.展开更多
The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curc...The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.展开更多
文摘Although low testosterone levels in men have been associated with high risk for cardiovascular disease, little is known about the association between male sex hormones and subclinical coronary disease in men with apparently low cardiometabolic risk. This study was performed to investigate the association between male sex hormones and subclinical coronary artery calcification measured as coronary calcium score in non-obese Korean men. We examined the relationship of total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavai lable testosterone and free testosterone with coronary calcium score in 291 non-obese Korean men （mean age： 52.8--- 9.3 years） not having a history of cardiovascular disease. Using multiple linear regression, we evaluated associations between log （sex hormone） levels and log （coronary calcium score） after adjusting for confounding variables in 105 men with some degree of coronary calcification defined as coronary calcium score ~〉 1. In multiple linear regression analysis, bioavailable testosterone was inversely associated with coronary calcium score （P=0.046） after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, mean blood pressure, resting heart rate, C-reactive protein, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） cholesterol, hypertension medication and hyperlipidernia medication, whereas total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone were not （P=0.674, P=O. 121 and P=O. 102, respectively）. Our findings indicate that bioavailable testosterone is inversely associated with the degree of subclinical coronary artery calcification in non-obese men.
文摘Various forms of phosphorus (P) could become bioavailable such as from desorption, dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis. Potential bioavailable P estimation is critical to minimize eutrophication in freshwater systems. Thus, this study was conducted to predict potential bioavailable P in the water columns and sediments and their relations with enzymatic hydrolysis, and estimate impacts of land use and anthropogenic activities on P bioavailability, P transport and water quality in the Bronx River, New York, USA. In sediment samples collected in 2006, total P (TP), total inor-ganic P (IP), total organic P (OP) and bioavailable P (BAP) were in highest concentrations in sites located at Bronx River Valley upstream in Westchester (site 2), Troublesome Brook (TB, site 4), Sprain Brook (SB, site 7b) and Bronx River estuary near Sound View Park (site 14) respectively. Also, phosphodiesterase and native phosphatases (PDEase and NPase) hydrolyzed distinguishingly high amounts of OP or enzymatically hydrolysable P (EHP) in samples from sites 4, 7b, 10 (New York Botanical Garden) and 14. Microbial P was in negative values (caused by different bacteria and microorganisms could not be paralyzed by chloroform), and the most negative concentrations were appeared at sties 4 and 14. Spatial comparisons among different locations showed distinguished characteristics in tributaries and estuary. In sediments collected in 2007, TP, BAP and IP were in highest concentrations at sites 7-SB, 11-Bronx Zoo, 12-East Tremont Ave Bridge where fresh and saline water meets, 13-estuary facing Hunts Point Waste Water Treatment Plant (HP WWTP) and 14-estuary along Sound View Park. Besides, PDEase-P highest concentrations ap-peared at sties 7, 13 and 11, NPase-P concentrations were highest at 7 and 11. Microbial P was highest at sties 11 and 14. Spatial variations showed that higher P content and more intense enzymatic hydrolysis in silty clay finer sediments at site 7, 11 and 13. Temporal variations between the two years’ data showed land use and other anthropogenic factors’ impacts on P transport in river and deposit in sediments. Analysis of the river water samples showed that average soluble reactive P (SRP, 67 μg.l-1) in 2006 and SRP (68μg.l-1) in 2007 both were greater than background P concentration in most natural water (42 μg.l-1).
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(411102)the Scientific Research Innovation Project for College Graduates of Hainan Normal University(Hsyx2015-33)the College Students Science and Technology Innovation Project in Hainan Province(cxcyxj2017016)
文摘[Objectives] The research was conducted to study characteristics of bioavailable levels pollution of heavy metals in the surface soil of the lead-zinc mine in Changhua.[Methods] A total of 56 surface samples were collected from the 3 study zones （peripheral zone, reclamation zone and tailing zone） located at the lead-zine mine in Changhua. Based on total and bioavailable heavy metals （Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd） in soils, the correlation of total content with bioavailable content was analyzed, and their pollution characteristics were assessed by methods of single factor pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index.[Results] （i） The surface soils were polluted by Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd in different degrees, and the overall trend of the contents of the 4 heavy metals was in order of Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cu. The average excess multiple of heavy metals of total and bioavailable content in soils were in the order of peripheral zone 〉 tailing zone 〉 reclaimed zone, and their pollution degrees were tailing zone 〉 peripheral zone 〉 reclaimed zone. （ii） In general, the total and bioavailable contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd showed a significant correlation, but were not correlated in each study zone. （iii） Pollution degrees of the study zones were in the order of tailing zone 〉 peripheral zone 〉 reclamation zone. The pollutions of heavy metals Pb and Cd were more serious, especially Cd reached high levels of pollution degree, and the pollution degrees of Zn, Cu were lighter. Contributors of ecological risk were mainly Cd, Pb and Cu, and the contribution of Cd achieved more than 90 %, making it the main source of pollution.[Conclusions] The results not only revealed the pollution status of heavy metals in the surface soil of the abandoned coal mine, but also could provide scientific guidance for reasonable utilization and ecological recovery of the land.
文摘BACKGROUND Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal inhibiting fungal growth by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and exhibits a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile.Erratic absorption pattern with wide fluctuations in blood levels causes inconsistent and unpredictable clinical behaviour of this drug despite its low minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)as compared to other antifungal agents.AIM To compare the oral bioavailability and bioequivalence of Fixtral SB(supra bioavailable itraconazole)with reference product R2(supra bioavailable 2×50 mg itraconazole).METHODS The study population consisted of 54 healthy volunteers,aged between 18-45 years and randomized to receive a single oral dose of either test[T;Fixtral SB(supra bioavailable itraconazole)100 mg]or reference product(R1;Sporanox 100 mg×2 capsules and R2;Lozanoc capsules 50 mg×2 capsules).Blood samples were taken pre-dose and post-dose up to 96 h.The study evaluated bioequivalence by comparing the oral bioavailability of the test product with reference product R2.The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug were evaluated by comparing the test product with reference product R1.Pharmacokinetics(PK)-PD comparative analysis[area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)>25]was performed for conventional itraconazole 100 mg and supra bioavailable itraconazole 50 mg.Adverse events(AEs)assessments were performed in each study period and post-study evaluation.RESULTS Statistical analysis of primary PK variables revealed bioequivalence,with confidence intervals being completely inside the acceptance criteria of 80%-125%.The peak concentration levels of itraconazole were achieved at 10 h(T)and 8.5 h(R2),respectively.Pharmacodynamic parameter assessment showed that AUC/MIC for R1 are comparable to Fixtral SB 100mg for MIC levels up to 16mcg/mL(P>0.05 and observed P=0.3196).Six AEs were observed that were mild to moderate in severity and resolved.No severe AE was reported.CONCLUSION Test product itraconazole Capsule 100 mg is bioequivalent with the reference product(R2)at 100 mg dose(2 capsules of Lozanoc®50 mg)under fed conditions.Pharmacodynamics activity in terms of AUC/MIC is comparable between the test product at 100 mg dose and marketed itraconazole 200 mg.Fixtral SB is expected to have therapeutically similar efficacy at half the equivalent dose.Tested formulations were found to be safe and well tolerated.
文摘Curcumin is a widely studied natural compound which has shown tremendous in vitro therapeutic poten- tial. Despite that, the clinical efficacy of the native curcumin is weak due to its low bioavailability and high metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. During the last decade, researchers have come up with dif- ferent formulations with a focus on improving the bioavailability of curcumin. As a result, a significant number of bioavailable curcumin-based formulations were introduced with the varying range of enhanced bioavailability. The purpose of this review is to collate the published clinical studies of cur- cumin products with.improved bioavailability over conventional （unformulated） curcumin. Based on the literature search, 11 curcumin formulations with available human bioavailability and pharmacokinet- ics data were included in this review. Further, the data on clinical study design, analytical method, phar- macokinetic parameters and other relevant details of each formulation were extracted. Based on a review of these studies, it is evident that better bioavailability of formulated curcumin products is mostly attrib- uted to improved solubility, stability, and possibly low first-pass metabolism. The review hopes to provide a quick reference guide for anyone looking information on these bioavailable curcumin formulations. Based on the published reports, NovaSol （185）, CurcuWin （136） and LongVida （100） exhibited over 100-fold higher bioavailability relative to reference unformulated curcumin. Suggested mechanisms accounting for improved bioavailability of the formulations and details on the bioanalysis methods are also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Council of Research (CNR), Italy
文摘The method to remove bioavailable amounts of heavy metals from a contaminated soil by using plants is defined as bioavailable contaminant stripping （BCS） and could safely be applied if the soil＇s long-term ability to replenish the bioavuilable pool is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of three common plant species selected, Brassica juncea, Poa annua, and Helianthus annus, to remove bioavailable amounts of mercury （Hg） from a contaminated industrial soil containing 15.1 mg kg-1 Hg. Trials were carried out under greenhouse conditions using pots （mesocosms）. According to the precautionary principle, we modified the BCS remediation approach by adding a new step, in which mercury bioavailability was increased by the addition of a strong mobilizing agent, ammonium thiosulphate, （NH4）28203, to obtain an estimate of the likely long-term bioavailable Hg pool. The modified BCS remediation approach was called enhanced bioavailable contaminant stripping （EBCS）. After one growth cycle, nearly all the bioavailable mercury （95.7%） was removed and the metal remaining in the soil was considered inert since it was neither extractable by （NH4）2S2O3 nor taken up by plants during a second growth cycle. The results demonstrated that EBCS appeared promising since it removed the most dangerous metal forms while substantially shortening the cleanup time.
文摘The bioavailability of selenium(Se)from ground beef has been previously found in this laboratory to be greater than that of selenite or selenate when fed to female Fischer 344 rats(B. Shi,J.E.Spallholz,J Am Coil Nutr,13:95￣101,1994).In the present study we examined the bioavailability of Se from various commercial portions of beef,the liver,striploin,round, shoulder and brisket.All beef was cooked, freeze-dried,finely powdered and mixed with the other dietary ingredients.The experimental diets were fed to the weanling Fischer 344 rats which had been subjected to dietary depletion of Se for 6 weeks.The bioavailability of Se from the beef diets was compared with that of Se as se lenite or L-seienomethionine(SeMet)added to torula-yeast diets.Each experimental diet contained 0'10mg Se/kg.After 8 weeks of dietary Se repletion,relative activity of liver glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9;GSHPx) from the different dietary groups colllpared with that of control animals(100%)was(%):selenite 91,SeMet 122 (P<0.05),liver 108, striploin 105,round 106, shoulder 106,brisket 103.Se recovery in liver was generally highest from SeMet>beef muscle=beef liver>selenite.Muscle tissue deposition of Se was highest from SeMet>beef muscle>selenite=beef liver.In addition, the feeal excretion of Se was lowest from the SeMet dietary group and highest from the selenite dietary group.The experimetal results suggest that all cuts of beef appear to be highly bioavailable sources of dietary Se when compared with selenite or L-SeMet.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No.2008CB418203)the National Science and Technology Specific Project of China (Grant No.20080ZX07422-005)
文摘Experiments on Phosphorus （P） fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were performed under adequate hydrodynamic conditions. It is found that the concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter （SPM） in the eddy current region exhibits the ＂Matthew effect＂. Velocity is an impact factor of the Equilibrium Phosphate Concentration （EPC）, which is related to other hydraulic conditions. Overall bioavailable dissolved P in the SPM causes migration to overlying water and sediment, eventually being converted into a chemical speciation of P. Conditions of resuspension promote A1-P of SPM that migrated to the sediment and water. Concentrations of A1-P in SPM are reduced. P is released from SPM to water bodies, mainly through conversion into particulate P and dissolved total P. Meanwhile, exchange between SPM and sediments occur mainly through Ca-P migration. A1-P and BD-P possess similar geochemical characteristics or source. Ca-P and A1-P exhibit a negative correlation between migration and conversion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277032)Hunan Province science and technology innovation plan project(No.2023RC3203)Changsha Natural Science Foundation(No.kq2208246).
文摘Manganese(Mn)is widely used to control cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)uptake by rice,but the effects of different Mn forms and concentrations on Cd/As movement in the soil-rice system are unclear.The study investigated the mechanisms by which three Mn compounds affected the accumulation of Cd/As in rice under different application rates.MnO2,MnSO4,and MnCO_(3) treatments significantly reduced grains Cd levels by 27.6%,30.2%,and 28.1%,respectively,while As levels were less consistently affected.Three forms of Mn fertilizers enhanced the conversion of exchangeable to carbonate bound-Cd,which closely related to the increase of soil pH.MnO_(2) and MnCO_(3) reduced Cd translocation by increasing Cd/As adsorption on iron plaques,and MnSO4 and MnCO_(3) decreased Cd translocation by boosting root SOD and Cys levels.Transcriptome analysis revealed that Mn^(2+) upregulated genes involved in the antioxidant defense system,limited Cd transport by enhancing OsABCC1 and OsHMA3 expression,and promoted As translocation by increasing OsLsi2 expression.Overall,different forms of Mn fertilizers effectively reduced Cd toxicity by fixing Cd in soil carbonate and iron plaques,and restricting Cd transport.Although Mn fertilizers reduced As availability in soil and affected As absorption in rice,they have certain limitations and need to be further explored.These findings reveal the mechanism by which different forms of Mn regulate the fixation and migration behavior of Cd and As,providing new ideas and theoretical basis for reducing the environmental risk of Cd and As.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278443)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-1-015)+3 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2021ZDSYS26)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Environment Construction Special Fund and Technology Innovation Base Construction Key Laboratory Open Project(No.2023D04065)2023 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Tianchi Talent Introduction Program for financial supportthe Key Project of Natural Science of Bengbu Medical University(No.2024byzd138).
文摘In the pharmaceutical field,machine learning can play an important role in drug development,production and treatment.Co-crystallization techniques have shown promising potential to enhance the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)such as solubility,permeability,and bioavailability,all without altering their chemical structure.This approach opens new avenues for developing natural products into effective drugs,especially those previously challenging in formulation.Emodin,an anthraquinone-based natural product,is a notable example due to its diverse biological activities;however,its physicochemical limitations,such as poor solubility and easy sublimation,restricted its clinical application.While various methods have improved emodin's physicochemical properties,research on its bioavailability remains limited.In our study,we summarize cocrystals and salts produced through co-crystallization technology and identify piperazine as a favorable coformer.Conflicting conclusions from computational chemistry and molecular modeling method and machine learning method regarding the formation of an emodin-piperazine cocrystal or salt led us to experimentally validate these possibilities.Ultimately,we successfully obtained the emodin-piperazine cocrystal,which were characterized and evaluated by several in vitro methods and pharmacokinetic studies.In addition,experiments have shown that emodin has a certain therapeutic effect on sepsis,so we also evaluated emodin-piperazine biological activity in a sepsis model.The results demonstrate that co-crystallization significantly enhances emodin's solubility,permeability,and bioavailability.Pharmacodynamic studies indicate that the emodin-piperazine cocrystal improves sepsis symptoms and provides protective effects against liver and kidney damage associated with sepsis.This study offers renewed hope for natural products with broad biological activities yet hindered by physicochemical limitations by advancing co-crystallization as a viable development approach.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900300 and 2017YFD0200205)the Agricultural Key-scientific and Core-technological Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2024NYGG011)。
文摘The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.
文摘Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability.Nanoformulations address these limitations by improving solubility,targeted delivery,and controlled release.This approach opens new possibilities for treating chronic diseases like cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative disorders.This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanotechnology-based formulation strategies designed to enhance the delivery,stability,and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and also discusses regulatory issues,safety concerns,scalability,and cost-effectiveness.Emphasis was placed on nanoformulation techniques employed for key phytoconstituents such as curcumin,resveratrol,epigallocatechin gallate,and quercetin.The most commonly employed nanocarriers included polymeric nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles,and liposomes.These formulations significantly improved the solubility,stability,and controlled release profiles of phytochemicals.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antioxidant activities.Moreover,surface-modified and targeted nanoparticles showed promise in increasing site-specific targeting and enhancing bioavailability of the encapsulated compounds.Nanoformulations present a promising strategy for overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations of phytochemicals.Despite encouraging preclinical results,further studies are needed to address issues related to long-term safety,clinical efficacy,and regulatory approval for successful clinical translation.
基金supported by the team at the Laboratory of Mycology,Pathologies and Biomarkers,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis,University Tunis El Manar,Tunisa.
文摘The escalating global demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates the development of effective biological alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers,particularly those addressing phosphorus(P)use efficiency.This study focused on the isolation and detailed characterization of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from soil or compost to evaluate their impact and potential for use as biofertilizers.Fungal isolation was performed using serial dilution from various sources,followed by molecular and morphological characterization to identify promising strains.Four strains were ultimately selected and identified using morphological,biochemical,and molecular techniques:Aspergillus flavus(CM1),Penicillium crustosum(C3),Penicillium fellutanum(C4),and Metarhizium robertsii(J1).The most active strain was initially tested in liquid and solid media supplemented with synthetic P(Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2))and was evaluated by measuring fungal biomass and P titration.This strain demonstrated good growth and activity,supporting an optimal temperature of 25℃,a pH of 3,an ammonium concentration of 1.5 g/L,and a glucose addition of 25.0 g/L.The biofertilization potential of the selected strains was then comprehensively evaluated through controlled experiments,including the optimization of growing conditions,quanti fication of soluble P under hermetic storage in soil,and measurement of soil fungal populations to assess their impact.P transformation experiments conducted in hermetic jars showed that CM1 had the highest CO_(2) release(approximately 7115.30 mg CO_(2)/100 g soil)and the highest soluble P levels at the final sampling time(78.85 mg/L),thus outperforming the other strains.Furthermore,in soil hermetic jars,CM1(reaching up to 26×10^(4) CFU(colony forming units)/g soil)and C4 significantly enhanced soil microbial activity and P bioavailability.These results clearly highlight the potential of the selected fungal strains as biofertilizers to improve P availability and boost crop productivity in P-deficient soils.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Social Development Project of Zhenjiang City,China(No.SH2017045)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.SJCX23_2065)。
文摘Dear Editor,With the growing food demands and the rapid development of intensive vegetable cultivation,the vegetable yield and planting area have increased to 230 million tons and 2.13 million hectares,respectively,in China in 2021(MARAPRC,2023).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42330712 and 42373065)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021399)the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Guizhou Province(No.2020[10]).
文摘Paddy soil in carbonate regions is susceptible to cadmium(Cd)contamination from geogenic or anthropogenic sources.However,Cd solubility in carbonate-derived alkaline paddy soils with contrasting Cd sources and properties under redox alternations is poorly understood.In this study,paddy soils enriched with geogenic or mine drainage-derived Cd and presenting contrasting manganese and sulfur abundances were incubated under alternating redox conditions.The changes in aqueous chemistry,Cd bioavailability and speciation were investigated.The results revealed that mine drainage significantly elevated the content of soluble sulfate and the abundance of sulfur-related bacteria(e.g.,Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus)in paddy soils.For contaminated soils,the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides and cation exchange induce Cd mobilization from soils during the initial reduction period.More than 90%of the soluble Cd was subsequently re-sequestered,concomitant with the increase in residual and organically bound Cd fractions.Nevertheless,the soluble Cd gradually decreased in geogenic soil during the reduction period.During the reoxidation period,the Cd solubility increased in all the soils in the initial 3 days.Afterward,soluble Cd was partially immobilized by different soil constituents.As a result of Cd redistribution,Cd bioavailability decreased with reduction time and increased with ongoing oxidization of the soil.These results indicate that the solubility and fate of Cd vary in soils and strongly depend on soil biogeochemical properties in the karst region.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172190)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System-National Dairy Industry and Technology System(CARS-36)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-10).
文摘The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.
文摘Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200702)the Sanya Fanxing Technology Special Program,China(Grant No.2024KJFX023)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2023LZGCQY018).
文摘Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH18,and DH29)with distinct Zn and PA profiles were used to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of milling(DOM)on Zn bioavailability.Results showed DOM followed a double-exponential decay pattern(R^(2)>0.99)with milling time,varying among the four DH lines under identical milling conditions.As DOM increased,Zn,PA,and phosphorus(P)concentrations decreased progressively.
文摘Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.
文摘The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.
