Background Our previous studies demonstrated that divalent organic iron(Fe)proteinate sources with higher complexation or chelation strengths as expressed by the greater quotient of formation(Qf)values displayed highe...Background Our previous studies demonstrated that divalent organic iron(Fe)proteinate sources with higher complexation or chelation strengths as expressed by the greater quotient of formation(Qf)values displayed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers.Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate(NaFeEDTA)is a trivalent organic Fe source with the strongest chelating ligand EDTA.However,the bioavailability of Fe when administered as NaFeEDTA in broilers and other agricultural animals remains untested.Herein,the chemical characteristics of 12 NaFeEDTA products were determined.Of these,one feed grade NaFeEDTA(Qf=2.07×10^(8)),one food grade NaFeEDTA(Qf=3.31×10^(8)),and one Fe proteinate with an extremely strong chelation strength(Fe-Prot ES,Qf value=8,590)were selected.Their bioavailabilities relative to Fe sulfate(FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet were evaluated during d 1 to 21 by investigating the effects of the above Fe sources and added Fe levels on the growth performance,hematological indices,Fe contents,activities and gene expressions of Fe-containing enzymes in various tissues of broilers.Results NaFeEDTA sources varied greatly in their chemical characteristics.Plasma Fe concentration(PI),transferrin saturation(TS),liver Fe content,succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activities in liver,heart,and kidney,catalase(CAT)activity in liver,and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney increased linearly(P<0.05)with increasing levels of Fe supplementation.However,differences among Fe sources were detected(P<0.05)only for PI,liver Fe content,CAT activity in liver,SDH activities in heart and kidney,and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney.Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of the above indices on daily dietary analyzed Fe intake,the average bioavailabilities of Fe-Prot ES,feed grade NaFeEDTA,and food grade NaFeEDTA relative to the inorganic FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(100%)for broilers were 139%,155%,and 166%,respectively.Conclusions The bioavailabilities of organic Fe sources relative to FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O were closely related to their Qf values,and NaFeEDTA sources with higher Qf values showed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.展开更多
Manganese(Mn)is widely used to control cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)uptake by rice,but the effects of different Mn forms and concentrations on Cd/As movement in the soil-rice system are unclear.The study investigated the...Manganese(Mn)is widely used to control cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)uptake by rice,but the effects of different Mn forms and concentrations on Cd/As movement in the soil-rice system are unclear.The study investigated the mechanisms by which three Mn compounds affected the accumulation of Cd/As in rice under different application rates.MnO2,MnSO4,and MnCO_(3) treatments significantly reduced grains Cd levels by 27.6%,30.2%,and 28.1%,respectively,while As levels were less consistently affected.Three forms of Mn fertilizers enhanced the conversion of exchangeable to carbonate bound-Cd,which closely related to the increase of soil pH.MnO_(2) and MnCO_(3) reduced Cd translocation by increasing Cd/As adsorption on iron plaques,and MnSO4 and MnCO_(3) decreased Cd translocation by boosting root SOD and Cys levels.Transcriptome analysis revealed that Mn^(2+) upregulated genes involved in the antioxidant defense system,limited Cd transport by enhancing OsABCC1 and OsHMA3 expression,and promoted As translocation by increasing OsLsi2 expression.Overall,different forms of Mn fertilizers effectively reduced Cd toxicity by fixing Cd in soil carbonate and iron plaques,and restricting Cd transport.Although Mn fertilizers reduced As availability in soil and affected As absorption in rice,they have certain limitations and need to be further explored.These findings reveal the mechanism by which different forms of Mn regulate the fixation and migration behavior of Cd and As,providing new ideas and theoretical basis for reducing the environmental risk of Cd and As.展开更多
In the pharmaceutical field,machine learning can play an important role in drug development,production and treatment.Co-crystallization techniques have shown promising potential to enhance the properties of active pha...In the pharmaceutical field,machine learning can play an important role in drug development,production and treatment.Co-crystallization techniques have shown promising potential to enhance the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)such as solubility,permeability,and bioavailability,all without altering their chemical structure.This approach opens new avenues for developing natural products into effective drugs,especially those previously challenging in formulation.Emodin,an anthraquinone-based natural product,is a notable example due to its diverse biological activities;however,its physicochemical limitations,such as poor solubility and easy sublimation,restricted its clinical application.While various methods have improved emodin's physicochemical properties,research on its bioavailability remains limited.In our study,we summarize cocrystals and salts produced through co-crystallization technology and identify piperazine as a favorable coformer.Conflicting conclusions from computational chemistry and molecular modeling method and machine learning method regarding the formation of an emodin-piperazine cocrystal or salt led us to experimentally validate these possibilities.Ultimately,we successfully obtained the emodin-piperazine cocrystal,which were characterized and evaluated by several in vitro methods and pharmacokinetic studies.In addition,experiments have shown that emodin has a certain therapeutic effect on sepsis,so we also evaluated emodin-piperazine biological activity in a sepsis model.The results demonstrate that co-crystallization significantly enhances emodin's solubility,permeability,and bioavailability.Pharmacodynamic studies indicate that the emodin-piperazine cocrystal improves sepsis symptoms and provides protective effects against liver and kidney damage associated with sepsis.This study offers renewed hope for natural products with broad biological activities yet hindered by physicochemical limitations by advancing co-crystallization as a viable development approach.展开更多
The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sust...The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.展开更多
Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer fro...Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability.Nanoformulations address these limitations by improving solubility,targeted delivery,and controlled release.This approach opens new possibilities for treating chronic diseases like cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative disorders.This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanotechnology-based formulation strategies designed to enhance the delivery,stability,and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and also discusses regulatory issues,safety concerns,scalability,and cost-effectiveness.Emphasis was placed on nanoformulation techniques employed for key phytoconstituents such as curcumin,resveratrol,epigallocatechin gallate,and quercetin.The most commonly employed nanocarriers included polymeric nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles,and liposomes.These formulations significantly improved the solubility,stability,and controlled release profiles of phytochemicals.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antioxidant activities.Moreover,surface-modified and targeted nanoparticles showed promise in increasing site-specific targeting and enhancing bioavailability of the encapsulated compounds.Nanoformulations present a promising strategy for overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations of phytochemicals.Despite encouraging preclinical results,further studies are needed to address issues related to long-term safety,clinical efficacy,and regulatory approval for successful clinical translation.展开更多
The escalating global demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates the development of effective biological alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers,particularly those addressing phosphorus(P)use efficiency...The escalating global demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates the development of effective biological alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers,particularly those addressing phosphorus(P)use efficiency.This study focused on the isolation and detailed characterization of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from soil or compost to evaluate their impact and potential for use as biofertilizers.Fungal isolation was performed using serial dilution from various sources,followed by molecular and morphological characterization to identify promising strains.Four strains were ultimately selected and identified using morphological,biochemical,and molecular techniques:Aspergillus flavus(CM1),Penicillium crustosum(C3),Penicillium fellutanum(C4),and Metarhizium robertsii(J1).The most active strain was initially tested in liquid and solid media supplemented with synthetic P(Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2))and was evaluated by measuring fungal biomass and P titration.This strain demonstrated good growth and activity,supporting an optimal temperature of 25℃,a pH of 3,an ammonium concentration of 1.5 g/L,and a glucose addition of 25.0 g/L.The biofertilization potential of the selected strains was then comprehensively evaluated through controlled experiments,including the optimization of growing conditions,quanti fication of soluble P under hermetic storage in soil,and measurement of soil fungal populations to assess their impact.P transformation experiments conducted in hermetic jars showed that CM1 had the highest CO_(2) release(approximately 7115.30 mg CO_(2)/100 g soil)and the highest soluble P levels at the final sampling time(78.85 mg/L),thus outperforming the other strains.Furthermore,in soil hermetic jars,CM1(reaching up to 26×10^(4) CFU(colony forming units)/g soil)and C4 significantly enhanced soil microbial activity and P bioavailability.These results clearly highlight the potential of the selected fungal strains as biofertilizers to improve P availability and boost crop productivity in P-deficient soils.展开更多
Dear Editor,With the growing food demands and the rapid development of intensive vegetable cultivation,the vegetable yield and planting area have increased to 230 million tons and 2.13 million hectares,respectively,in...Dear Editor,With the growing food demands and the rapid development of intensive vegetable cultivation,the vegetable yield and planting area have increased to 230 million tons and 2.13 million hectares,respectively,in China in 2021(MARAPRC,2023).展开更多
Paddy soil in carbonate regions is susceptible to cadmium(Cd)contamination from geogenic or anthropogenic sources.However,Cd solubility in carbonate-derived alkaline paddy soils with contrasting Cd sources and propert...Paddy soil in carbonate regions is susceptible to cadmium(Cd)contamination from geogenic or anthropogenic sources.However,Cd solubility in carbonate-derived alkaline paddy soils with contrasting Cd sources and properties under redox alternations is poorly understood.In this study,paddy soils enriched with geogenic or mine drainage-derived Cd and presenting contrasting manganese and sulfur abundances were incubated under alternating redox conditions.The changes in aqueous chemistry,Cd bioavailability and speciation were investigated.The results revealed that mine drainage significantly elevated the content of soluble sulfate and the abundance of sulfur-related bacteria(e.g.,Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus)in paddy soils.For contaminated soils,the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides and cation exchange induce Cd mobilization from soils during the initial reduction period.More than 90%of the soluble Cd was subsequently re-sequestered,concomitant with the increase in residual and organically bound Cd fractions.Nevertheless,the soluble Cd gradually decreased in geogenic soil during the reduction period.During the reoxidation period,the Cd solubility increased in all the soils in the initial 3 days.Afterward,soluble Cd was partially immobilized by different soil constituents.As a result of Cd redistribution,Cd bioavailability decreased with reduction time and increased with ongoing oxidization of the soil.These results indicate that the solubility and fate of Cd vary in soils and strongly depend on soil biogeochemical properties in the karst region.展开更多
The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BM...The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.展开更多
Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical t...Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.展开更多
Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH...Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH18,and DH29)with distinct Zn and PA profiles were used to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of milling(DOM)on Zn bioavailability.Results showed DOM followed a double-exponential decay pattern(R^(2)>0.99)with milling time,varying among the four DH lines under identical milling conditions.As DOM increased,Zn,PA,and phosphorus(P)concentrations decreased progressively.展开更多
Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating ga...Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.展开更多
The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curc...The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.展开更多
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects over 70 million people worldwide.Apart from idiopathic epilepsy,numerous diseases have been reported to cause secondary epilepsy.Polyphenols,ubiquitously e...Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects over 70 million people worldwide.Apart from idiopathic epilepsy,numerous diseases have been reported to cause secondary epilepsy.Polyphenols,ubiquitously existing in fruits and vegetables,has become a promising neuroprotective candidate against multiple neurological abnormalities due to its interplay with gut microbiome composed of the bacterial population in gastrointestinal system.This bioactive compound is also being tested for the management of epileptogenesis.However,there is still insufficient evidence from mechanistic studies to demonstrate the causal relationship between anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols and microbial alteration.In this review,we provide the brief overview of epilepsy,polyphenols and gut microbiota.We then analysis the association of polyphenols and gut microbiota particularly in the epilepsy and symptomatic seizures-induced by epilepsy related disorders.We also discuss the possibility for the combined application with probiotics to improve the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols for expanding its anti-epileptic function.We finally summarize the therapeutic potential of anti-seizure polyphenols through affecting gut microbiome,and propose that the anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols may be tightly relevant to intestinal bacterial flora for overcoming epilepsy and its comorbidities simultaneously.Therefore,the dietary polyphenols targeting specific bacteria may achieve the outcome of‘one stone,two birds’.展开更多
Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the...Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inf...BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.I...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.展开更多
Propolis is a resinous complex mixture made from plant resins collected by worker bees and mixed with their own secretions.It is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and thus has a wide range of biological activities an...Propolis is a resinous complex mixture made from plant resins collected by worker bees and mixed with their own secretions.It is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and thus has a wide range of biological activities and is considered a functional source for promoting human health.However,propolis and its bioactive compounds have poor water solubility,rapid and intense metabolism,and low oral bioavailability,which limits their wide application.In this paper,the main bioactive substances in propolis were summarized,and the biological characteristics and therapeutic potential of propolis and its bioactive substances were discussed.In addition,this paper discussed the factors affecting the bioavailability of propolis and its functional ingredients,focusing on the research progress in improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of propolis and its functional ingredients using nanoencapsulation technology.Finally,the current situation of the global propolis market and the applications of propolis products in the pharmaceutical,food,cosmetic and other industrial fields were discussed,providing useful references for promoting the development of the propolis industry.展开更多
In this paper,the vegetable field in the teaching base of College of Agriculture,Yangtze University was taken as the research object.The indoor simulation method was used to explore the effects of temperature and mois...In this paper,the vegetable field in the teaching base of College of Agriculture,Yangtze University was taken as the research object.The indoor simulation method was used to explore the effects of temperature and moisture on the phosphorus(P)bioavailability of vegetable soil.Three temperature gradients[T1(15℃),T2(25℃),T3(35℃)]and three humidity gradients[W1(40%),W2(70%),W3(100%)]were set in the test.The results showed that it could improve the contents of HCl-P,Enzyme-P,Citrate-P,and Olsen-P in vegetable soil by increasing soil moisture content;temperature rise was helpful to increase the contents of HCl-P and Olsen-P,but it could reduce the content of Citrate-P.The contents of Enzyme-P and CaCl 2-P were significantly affected by hydrothermal interaction.Within a certain range of soil temperature and humidity,temperature and moisture had a positive coupling effect on soil P bioavailability components,and significantly affected soil P supply capacity.展开更多
Algal copper uptake(i.e.,Cu bioavailability)in the euphotic zone plays a vital role in algal photosynthesis and respiration,affecting the primary productivity and the source and sink of atmospheric carbon.Algal Cu upt...Algal copper uptake(i.e.,Cu bioavailability)in the euphotic zone plays a vital role in algal photosynthesis and respiration,affecting the primary productivity and the source and sink of atmospheric carbon.Algal Cu uptake is controlled by natural dissolved organic Cu(DOCu)speciation(i.e.,complexed with the dissolved organic matter)that conventionally could be tested by model prediction or molecular-level characterizations in the lab,while DOCu uptake are hardly directly assessed.Thus,the new chemistrybiology insight into the mechanisms of the Cu uptake process in algae is urgent.The DOCu speciation transformation(organic DOCu to free Cu(II)ions),enzymatic reduction-induced valence change(reduction of free Cu(II)to Cu(I)ions),and algal Cu uptake at the algae-water interface are imitated.Herein,an intelligent system with DOCu colorimetric sensor is developed for real-time monitoring of newly generated Cu(I)ions.Deep learning with whole sample image-based characterization and powerful feature extraction capabilities facilitates colorimetric measurement.In this context,the Cu bioavailability with 7 kinds of organic ligands(e.g.,amino acids,organic acids,carbohydrates)can be predicted by the mimetic intelligent biosensor within 15.0min,i.e.,the DOCu uptake and speciation is successfully predicted and streamlined by the biomimetic approach.展开更多
基金funded by Jiangsu Shuang Chuang Tuan Dui program (JSSCTD202147)Jiangsu Shuang Chuang Ren Cai program (JSSCRC2021541)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2022QNRC001)the Initiation Funds of Yangzhou University for Distinguished Scientists
文摘Background Our previous studies demonstrated that divalent organic iron(Fe)proteinate sources with higher complexation or chelation strengths as expressed by the greater quotient of formation(Qf)values displayed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers.Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate(NaFeEDTA)is a trivalent organic Fe source with the strongest chelating ligand EDTA.However,the bioavailability of Fe when administered as NaFeEDTA in broilers and other agricultural animals remains untested.Herein,the chemical characteristics of 12 NaFeEDTA products were determined.Of these,one feed grade NaFeEDTA(Qf=2.07×10^(8)),one food grade NaFeEDTA(Qf=3.31×10^(8)),and one Fe proteinate with an extremely strong chelation strength(Fe-Prot ES,Qf value=8,590)were selected.Their bioavailabilities relative to Fe sulfate(FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet were evaluated during d 1 to 21 by investigating the effects of the above Fe sources and added Fe levels on the growth performance,hematological indices,Fe contents,activities and gene expressions of Fe-containing enzymes in various tissues of broilers.Results NaFeEDTA sources varied greatly in their chemical characteristics.Plasma Fe concentration(PI),transferrin saturation(TS),liver Fe content,succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activities in liver,heart,and kidney,catalase(CAT)activity in liver,and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney increased linearly(P<0.05)with increasing levels of Fe supplementation.However,differences among Fe sources were detected(P<0.05)only for PI,liver Fe content,CAT activity in liver,SDH activities in heart and kidney,and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney.Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of the above indices on daily dietary analyzed Fe intake,the average bioavailabilities of Fe-Prot ES,feed grade NaFeEDTA,and food grade NaFeEDTA relative to the inorganic FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(100%)for broilers were 139%,155%,and 166%,respectively.Conclusions The bioavailabilities of organic Fe sources relative to FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O were closely related to their Qf values,and NaFeEDTA sources with higher Qf values showed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277032)Hunan Province science and technology innovation plan project(No.2023RC3203)Changsha Natural Science Foundation(No.kq2208246).
文摘Manganese(Mn)is widely used to control cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)uptake by rice,but the effects of different Mn forms and concentrations on Cd/As movement in the soil-rice system are unclear.The study investigated the mechanisms by which three Mn compounds affected the accumulation of Cd/As in rice under different application rates.MnO2,MnSO4,and MnCO_(3) treatments significantly reduced grains Cd levels by 27.6%,30.2%,and 28.1%,respectively,while As levels were less consistently affected.Three forms of Mn fertilizers enhanced the conversion of exchangeable to carbonate bound-Cd,which closely related to the increase of soil pH.MnO_(2) and MnCO_(3) reduced Cd translocation by increasing Cd/As adsorption on iron plaques,and MnSO4 and MnCO_(3) decreased Cd translocation by boosting root SOD and Cys levels.Transcriptome analysis revealed that Mn^(2+) upregulated genes involved in the antioxidant defense system,limited Cd transport by enhancing OsABCC1 and OsHMA3 expression,and promoted As translocation by increasing OsLsi2 expression.Overall,different forms of Mn fertilizers effectively reduced Cd toxicity by fixing Cd in soil carbonate and iron plaques,and restricting Cd transport.Although Mn fertilizers reduced As availability in soil and affected As absorption in rice,they have certain limitations and need to be further explored.These findings reveal the mechanism by which different forms of Mn regulate the fixation and migration behavior of Cd and As,providing new ideas and theoretical basis for reducing the environmental risk of Cd and As.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278443)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-1-015)+3 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2021ZDSYS26)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Environment Construction Special Fund and Technology Innovation Base Construction Key Laboratory Open Project(No.2023D04065)2023 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Tianchi Talent Introduction Program for financial supportthe Key Project of Natural Science of Bengbu Medical University(No.2024byzd138).
文摘In the pharmaceutical field,machine learning can play an important role in drug development,production and treatment.Co-crystallization techniques have shown promising potential to enhance the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)such as solubility,permeability,and bioavailability,all without altering their chemical structure.This approach opens new avenues for developing natural products into effective drugs,especially those previously challenging in formulation.Emodin,an anthraquinone-based natural product,is a notable example due to its diverse biological activities;however,its physicochemical limitations,such as poor solubility and easy sublimation,restricted its clinical application.While various methods have improved emodin's physicochemical properties,research on its bioavailability remains limited.In our study,we summarize cocrystals and salts produced through co-crystallization technology and identify piperazine as a favorable coformer.Conflicting conclusions from computational chemistry and molecular modeling method and machine learning method regarding the formation of an emodin-piperazine cocrystal or salt led us to experimentally validate these possibilities.Ultimately,we successfully obtained the emodin-piperazine cocrystal,which were characterized and evaluated by several in vitro methods and pharmacokinetic studies.In addition,experiments have shown that emodin has a certain therapeutic effect on sepsis,so we also evaluated emodin-piperazine biological activity in a sepsis model.The results demonstrate that co-crystallization significantly enhances emodin's solubility,permeability,and bioavailability.Pharmacodynamic studies indicate that the emodin-piperazine cocrystal improves sepsis symptoms and provides protective effects against liver and kidney damage associated with sepsis.This study offers renewed hope for natural products with broad biological activities yet hindered by physicochemical limitations by advancing co-crystallization as a viable development approach.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900300 and 2017YFD0200205)the Agricultural Key-scientific and Core-technological Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2024NYGG011)。
文摘The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.
文摘Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery,particularly through nanoformulations of phytoconstituents,enhancing their therapeutic potential.Despite their broad bioactivities,plant-based compounds often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability.Nanoformulations address these limitations by improving solubility,targeted delivery,and controlled release.This approach opens new possibilities for treating chronic diseases like cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative disorders.This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanotechnology-based formulation strategies designed to enhance the delivery,stability,and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and also discusses regulatory issues,safety concerns,scalability,and cost-effectiveness.Emphasis was placed on nanoformulation techniques employed for key phytoconstituents such as curcumin,resveratrol,epigallocatechin gallate,and quercetin.The most commonly employed nanocarriers included polymeric nanoparticles,solid lipid nanoparticles,and liposomes.These formulations significantly improved the solubility,stability,and controlled release profiles of phytochemicals.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and antioxidant activities.Moreover,surface-modified and targeted nanoparticles showed promise in increasing site-specific targeting and enhancing bioavailability of the encapsulated compounds.Nanoformulations present a promising strategy for overcoming the pharmacokinetic limitations of phytochemicals.Despite encouraging preclinical results,further studies are needed to address issues related to long-term safety,clinical efficacy,and regulatory approval for successful clinical translation.
基金supported by the team at the Laboratory of Mycology,Pathologies and Biomarkers,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis,University Tunis El Manar,Tunisa.
文摘The escalating global demand for sustainable agriculture necessitates the development of effective biological alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers,particularly those addressing phosphorus(P)use efficiency.This study focused on the isolation and detailed characterization of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from soil or compost to evaluate their impact and potential for use as biofertilizers.Fungal isolation was performed using serial dilution from various sources,followed by molecular and morphological characterization to identify promising strains.Four strains were ultimately selected and identified using morphological,biochemical,and molecular techniques:Aspergillus flavus(CM1),Penicillium crustosum(C3),Penicillium fellutanum(C4),and Metarhizium robertsii(J1).The most active strain was initially tested in liquid and solid media supplemented with synthetic P(Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2))and was evaluated by measuring fungal biomass and P titration.This strain demonstrated good growth and activity,supporting an optimal temperature of 25℃,a pH of 3,an ammonium concentration of 1.5 g/L,and a glucose addition of 25.0 g/L.The biofertilization potential of the selected strains was then comprehensively evaluated through controlled experiments,including the optimization of growing conditions,quanti fication of soluble P under hermetic storage in soil,and measurement of soil fungal populations to assess their impact.P transformation experiments conducted in hermetic jars showed that CM1 had the highest CO_(2) release(approximately 7115.30 mg CO_(2)/100 g soil)and the highest soluble P levels at the final sampling time(78.85 mg/L),thus outperforming the other strains.Furthermore,in soil hermetic jars,CM1(reaching up to 26×10^(4) CFU(colony forming units)/g soil)and C4 significantly enhanced soil microbial activity and P bioavailability.These results clearly highlight the potential of the selected fungal strains as biofertilizers to improve P availability and boost crop productivity in P-deficient soils.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Social Development Project of Zhenjiang City,China(No.SH2017045)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.SJCX23_2065)。
文摘Dear Editor,With the growing food demands and the rapid development of intensive vegetable cultivation,the vegetable yield and planting area have increased to 230 million tons and 2.13 million hectares,respectively,in China in 2021(MARAPRC,2023).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42330712 and 42373065)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021399)the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Guizhou Province(No.2020[10]).
文摘Paddy soil in carbonate regions is susceptible to cadmium(Cd)contamination from geogenic or anthropogenic sources.However,Cd solubility in carbonate-derived alkaline paddy soils with contrasting Cd sources and properties under redox alternations is poorly understood.In this study,paddy soils enriched with geogenic or mine drainage-derived Cd and presenting contrasting manganese and sulfur abundances were incubated under alternating redox conditions.The changes in aqueous chemistry,Cd bioavailability and speciation were investigated.The results revealed that mine drainage significantly elevated the content of soluble sulfate and the abundance of sulfur-related bacteria(e.g.,Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus)in paddy soils.For contaminated soils,the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides and cation exchange induce Cd mobilization from soils during the initial reduction period.More than 90%of the soluble Cd was subsequently re-sequestered,concomitant with the increase in residual and organically bound Cd fractions.Nevertheless,the soluble Cd gradually decreased in geogenic soil during the reduction period.During the reoxidation period,the Cd solubility increased in all the soils in the initial 3 days.Afterward,soluble Cd was partially immobilized by different soil constituents.As a result of Cd redistribution,Cd bioavailability decreased with reduction time and increased with ongoing oxidization of the soil.These results indicate that the solubility and fate of Cd vary in soils and strongly depend on soil biogeochemical properties in the karst region.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172190)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System-National Dairy Industry and Technology System(CARS-36)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-10).
文摘The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.
文摘Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200702)the Sanya Fanxing Technology Special Program,China(Grant No.2024KJFX023)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2023LZGCQY018).
文摘Zinc(Zn)deficiency is a global health issue,exacerbated by low Zn concentration and poor bioavailability in rice,primarily due to phytic acid(PA)interference.In this study,four doubled haploid(DH)progenies(DH1,DH11,DH18,and DH29)with distinct Zn and PA profiles were used to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of milling(DOM)on Zn bioavailability.Results showed DOM followed a double-exponential decay pattern(R^(2)>0.99)with milling time,varying among the four DH lines under identical milling conditions.As DOM increased,Zn,PA,and phosphorus(P)concentrations decreased progressively.
文摘Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.
文摘The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China(81971212,81601129)Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Technological Innovation Talent Support Program(RC210268)Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation(2023-MS-153).
文摘Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects over 70 million people worldwide.Apart from idiopathic epilepsy,numerous diseases have been reported to cause secondary epilepsy.Polyphenols,ubiquitously existing in fruits and vegetables,has become a promising neuroprotective candidate against multiple neurological abnormalities due to its interplay with gut microbiome composed of the bacterial population in gastrointestinal system.This bioactive compound is also being tested for the management of epileptogenesis.However,there is still insufficient evidence from mechanistic studies to demonstrate the causal relationship between anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols and microbial alteration.In this review,we provide the brief overview of epilepsy,polyphenols and gut microbiota.We then analysis the association of polyphenols and gut microbiota particularly in the epilepsy and symptomatic seizures-induced by epilepsy related disorders.We also discuss the possibility for the combined application with probiotics to improve the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols for expanding its anti-epileptic function.We finally summarize the therapeutic potential of anti-seizure polyphenols through affecting gut microbiome,and propose that the anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols may be tightly relevant to intestinal bacterial flora for overcoming epilepsy and its comorbidities simultaneously.Therefore,the dietary polyphenols targeting specific bacteria may achieve the outcome of‘one stone,two birds’.
文摘Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Programs of Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020006)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF22D030001)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C04020)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972087)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System-Bee(CARS-44-KXJ17)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-IAR)。
文摘Propolis is a resinous complex mixture made from plant resins collected by worker bees and mixed with their own secretions.It is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and thus has a wide range of biological activities and is considered a functional source for promoting human health.However,propolis and its bioactive compounds have poor water solubility,rapid and intense metabolism,and low oral bioavailability,which limits their wide application.In this paper,the main bioactive substances in propolis were summarized,and the biological characteristics and therapeutic potential of propolis and its bioactive substances were discussed.In addition,this paper discussed the factors affecting the bioavailability of propolis and its functional ingredients,focusing on the research progress in improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of propolis and its functional ingredients using nanoencapsulation technology.Finally,the current situation of the global propolis market and the applications of propolis products in the pharmaceutical,food,cosmetic and other industrial fields were discussed,providing useful references for promoting the development of the propolis industry.
基金Supported by Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization(KF202015).
文摘In this paper,the vegetable field in the teaching base of College of Agriculture,Yangtze University was taken as the research object.The indoor simulation method was used to explore the effects of temperature and moisture on the phosphorus(P)bioavailability of vegetable soil.Three temperature gradients[T1(15℃),T2(25℃),T3(35℃)]and three humidity gradients[W1(40%),W2(70%),W3(100%)]were set in the test.The results showed that it could improve the contents of HCl-P,Enzyme-P,Citrate-P,and Olsen-P in vegetable soil by increasing soil moisture content;temperature rise was helpful to increase the contents of HCl-P and Olsen-P,but it could reduce the content of Citrate-P.The contents of Enzyme-P and CaCl 2-P were significantly affected by hydrothermal interaction.Within a certain range of soil temperature and humidity,temperature and moisture had a positive coupling effect on soil P bioavailability components,and significantly affected soil P supply capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22074058,S.Li).
文摘Algal copper uptake(i.e.,Cu bioavailability)in the euphotic zone plays a vital role in algal photosynthesis and respiration,affecting the primary productivity and the source and sink of atmospheric carbon.Algal Cu uptake is controlled by natural dissolved organic Cu(DOCu)speciation(i.e.,complexed with the dissolved organic matter)that conventionally could be tested by model prediction or molecular-level characterizations in the lab,while DOCu uptake are hardly directly assessed.Thus,the new chemistrybiology insight into the mechanisms of the Cu uptake process in algae is urgent.The DOCu speciation transformation(organic DOCu to free Cu(II)ions),enzymatic reduction-induced valence change(reduction of free Cu(II)to Cu(I)ions),and algal Cu uptake at the algae-water interface are imitated.Herein,an intelligent system with DOCu colorimetric sensor is developed for real-time monitoring of newly generated Cu(I)ions.Deep learning with whole sample image-based characterization and powerful feature extraction capabilities facilitates colorimetric measurement.In this context,the Cu bioavailability with 7 kinds of organic ligands(e.g.,amino acids,organic acids,carbohydrates)can be predicted by the mimetic intelligent biosensor within 15.0min,i.e.,the DOCu uptake and speciation is successfully predicted and streamlined by the biomimetic approach.
