DNA probes display advantages including flexible design,wide range of targets and high selectivity,but free DNA probes are confined to in vitro detection due to their poor cell penetration and low nuclease resistance....DNA probes display advantages including flexible design,wide range of targets and high selectivity,but free DNA probes are confined to in vitro detection due to their poor cell penetration and low nuclease resistance.Nanomaterials-loaded DNA probes can effectively solve above limitations and promote them in vivo applications.Gold nanoparticles-based probes have been intensely investigated in the past,and AuNP@DNA nanoflare as one of the most powerful tools for biomedical study has been developed.So far,towards Au NP@DNA nanoflare,significant advances in preparation(e.g.,salt-aging,low pH-assisted and freezing-directed linking)and application(e.g.,sensing and therapeutic nanoflares)have been achieved since first report.In addition,scientific challenges involved in AuNP@DNA nanoflares have been concerned and some endeavor has been made recently.Here,a historical review is provided for AuNP@DNA nanoflares:methodology in preparation and applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine are delineated,challenges and outlook are also discussed,which are expected to improve the further development of this fertile research area.展开更多
Immunoassay technology is an analytical method with high sensitivity and specificity; it provides a technique to assay materials which cannot be measured by other methods, or are difficult to detect. It plays a very i...Immunoassay technology is an analytical method with high sensitivity and specificity; it provides a technique to assay materials which cannot be measured by other methods, or are difficult to detect. It plays a very important role in biological sample pre-treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring and drug determination, and is one of the important means for in vivo drug analyses. This paper reviews immunoassays commonly used in bioanalysis, including immunoextraction and immunodepletion for pretreatment of biological samples, conventional immunoassay methods and new immunoassay technologies for determination of target drugs.展开更多
Heat generation or consumption is required for all biological processes.Microcalorimetry is an ultrasensitive method to measure heat change for various applications.In this paper,we aimed to review the ultrasensitive ...Heat generation or consumption is required for all biological processes.Microcalorimetry is an ultrasensitive method to measure heat change for various applications.In this paper,we aimed to review the ultrasensitive mi-crocalorimeter systems and their extensive applications in bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring.We first discussed the basic structure of microcalorimeters,including the closed system and open system,temperature sensing methods,isolation materials,and temperature stabilization.Then,we focused on their applications,such as cell metabolism research,biomolecule interaction measurement,biothermal analysis,and calorimetric detec-tion.Finally,we compared the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available microcalorimeters and their contributions to bioresearch.The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters provides the tools for bioanalysis at the single-cell,or even subcellular,level,as well as for precise calorimetric detection.展开更多
Significant investment in nanocarrier drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs)has yielded only a limited number of successfully marketed nanomedicines,highlighting a low rate of clinical translation.A primary contributing fac...Significant investment in nanocarrier drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs)has yielded only a limited number of successfully marketed nanomedicines,highlighting a low rate of clinical translation.A primary contributing factor is the lack of foundational understanding of in vivo processes.Comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is essential for developing more efficacious nanomedicines and accurately evaluating their safety and associated risks.However,the complexity of Nano-DDSs has impeded thorough and systematic pharmacokinetic studies.Key components of pharmacokinetic investigations on Nano-DDSs include the analysis of the released drug,the encapsulated drug,and the nanomaterial,which present a higher level of complexity compared to traditional small-molecule drugs.Establishing an appropriate approach for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is crucial for facilitating the clinical translation of nanomedicines.This review provides an overview of advanced bioanalytical methodologies employed in studying the pharmacokinetics of anticancer organic Nano-DDSs over the past five years.We hope that this review will enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs and support the advancement of nanomedicines.展开更多
Objective To develop a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS） method for the simultaneous determination of wogonin, coptisine, berberine, palmatine,...Objective To develop a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS） method for the simultaneous determination of wogonin, coptisine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, and wogonoside in rat plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction （HJD）. Methods LC separation was performed on an Acquity HSS T3 column （100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm） using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water. The detection was accomplished by using positive electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation. Results The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range （r^2 〉 0.99）. The lower limits of quantification were 0.20 ng/mL for coptisine and phellodendrine, 0.48 ng/mL for berberine, 0.10 ng/mL for jatrorrhizine, 0.32 ng/mL for magnoflorine, 0.30 ng/mL for palmatine, and 4.80 ng/mL for wogonin and wogonoside, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of the analytes was less than 12.11%, while the accuracy was between -14.46% and 4.86%. The mean recovery of all the analytes ranged from 93.10% to 110.91%. Conclusion This validated method offers thee advantages of high sensitivity. It is successfully applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of HJD.展开更多
Sensitive and accurate detection of biological analytes,such as proteins,genes,small molecules,ions,cells,etc.,has been a significant project in life science.Signal amplification is one of the most effective approache...Sensitive and accurate detection of biological analytes,such as proteins,genes,small molecules,ions,cells,etc.,has been a significant project in life science.Signal amplification is one of the most effective approaches to improve the sensitivity of bioanalysis.Taking advantage of specific base pairing,programmable operation,and predictable assembly,DNA is flexible and suitable to perform the signal amplification procedure.In recent years,signal amplification strategies by means of DNA technology have been widely integrated into the construction of electrochemiluminescence(ECL)biosensors,achieving desirable analytical performance in clinical diagnosis,biomedical research,and drug development.To the best of our knowledge,these DNA signal amplification technologies mainly include classical polymerase chain reaction,and various amplification approaches conducted under mild conditions,such as rolling circle amplification(RCA)or hyperbranched RCA,cleaving enzyme-assisted amplification,DNAzyme-involved amplification,toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement amplification without enzyme participation,and so on.This review overviews the recent advancements of DNA signal amplification strategies for bioanalysis in the ECL realm,sketching the creative trajectory from strategies design to ultrasensitive ECL platform construction and resulting applications.展开更多
Cells, basic units of living structures and functions, build up a complicated small world, and their order and complexity resemble a small universe. The detailed understanding and elucidation of the matter transport a...Cells, basic units of living structures and functions, build up a complicated small world, and their order and complexity resemble a small universe. The detailed understanding and elucidation of the matter transport and energy conversion mechanisms within a single cell will expand our knowledge about the origin and evolution of life, the disease mechanisms and much more. In past decades, single-cell analysis has been rapidly and significantly improved and various methodologies have been developed to reveal the complexity of mass, energy, and information within single cells. In this review, we focused on the methods developed in recent years for single-cell analysis, including electrochemical method, optical method, and mass spectrometry method. We reviewed the recent advances and representative studies in this research field, and also discussed the strengths and limitations of each method. Finally, we presented the existing technical challenges and further directions for single-cell analysis.展开更多
Attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy(ATR-SEIRAS)has recently been proven to be a powerful tool for bioanalysis.It enables in situ and in real-time observation of dynamic proces...Attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy(ATR-SEIRAS)has recently been proven to be a powerful tool for bioanalysis.It enables in situ and in real-time observation of dynamic processes occurring on specific interface,revealing rich structural and functional information of biomolecules at sub monolayer level.The aim of this general review was to give an overview of the cutting edge applications of ATRSEIRAS.We start with description of the basic configuration of the standard ATR-SEIRAS platform.The enhanced mechanisms and methods to fabricate enhanced substrates are then presented.We discuss the recent developments,challenges and applications of ATR-SEIRAS in bioanalysis,mainly focusing on DNA analysis,protein behavior and cell properties.Finally,further development of the ATRSEIRAS technique with enhanced sensitivity,improved time and spatial resolutions will be prospected.展开更多
Developing photoelectrochemical(PEC)bioassays based on the principle of a photocathodic measurement of enzymatic product H_(2)O_(2) is highly attractive because it can naturally avoid interfering signals arising from ...Developing photoelectrochemical(PEC)bioassays based on the principle of a photocathodic measurement of enzymatic product H_(2)O_(2) is highly attractive because it can naturally avoid interfering signals arising from reductive species inherent to biofluids.However,fluctuant oxygen levels in the analyte solution can compromise the accuracy of photocathodic bioanalysis and restrict its application because oxygen reduction potential is similar to H_(2)O_(2).Herein,we addressed this restriction by constructing a triphase biophotocathode with air–liquid–solid joint interfaces by immobilizing an oxidase enzyme film on the tip part of superhydrophobic p-type semiconductor nanowire arrays.Such a triphase biophotocathode has a reaction zone with steady and air phasedependent oxygen concentration which stabilizes and increases the oxidase kinetics,and enables the photocathodic measurement principle in reliable PEC bioassay development with high selectivity,good accuracy,and a wide linear detection range.Moreover,the biophotocathode shows good stability during repeated testing under light illumination.This reliable PEC bioassay system has broad potential in the fields of disease diagnosis,medical research,and environmental monitoring.展开更多
Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) lumi...Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying the design of highly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing the main trends in three applications related to this spectral range: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energy conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on getting easily processable polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imaging is still in its early stages; however, highly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as dual probes combining magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar light and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-generation devices.展开更多
Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity.Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remov...Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity.Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach.The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation,which has gained extensive consideration.Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy,automation,ease of sample preparation,storage,and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade.Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations.In addition,how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples.Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques,including sorbent-based microextraction techniques,are primarily emphasized.展开更多
Microfluidic,as the systems for using microchannel(micron-or sub-micron scale)to process or manipulate microflow,is being widely applied in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis.Microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor...Microfluidic,as the systems for using microchannel(micron-or sub-micron scale)to process or manipulate microflow,is being widely applied in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis.Microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor(MIER)is a tool with great value for the study of catalytic property and optimal reaction parameter in a flourishing and highly producing manner.In view of its advantages in efficiency,economy,and addressable recognition especially,MIER occupies an important position in the investigation of life science,including molecular biology,bioanalysis and biosensing,biocatalysis etc.Immobilization of enzymes can generally improve their stability,and upon most occasions,the immobilized enzyme is endowed with recyclability.In this review,the enzyme immobilization techniques applied in MIER will be discussed,followed by summarizing the novel developments in the field of MIER for biocatalysis,bioconversion and bioanalysis.The preponderances and deficiencies of the current state-of-the-art preparation ways of MIER are peculiarly discussed.In addition,the prospects of its future study are outlined.展开更多
During the last decade high-throughput in vitro absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(HTADME)screening has become an essential part of any drug discovery effort of synthetic molecules.The conduct of HT-ADME...During the last decade high-throughput in vitro absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(HTADME)screening has become an essential part of any drug discovery effort of synthetic molecules.The conduct of HT-ADME screening has been"industrialized"due to the extensive development of software and automation tools in cell culture,assay incubation,sample analysis and data analysis.The HT-ADME assay portfolio continues to expand in emerging areas such as drug-transporter interactions,early soft spot identification,and ADME screening of peptide drug candidates.Additionally,thanks to the very large and high-quality HT-ADME data sets available in many biopharma companies,in silico prediction of ADME properties using machine learning has also gained much momentum in recent years.In this review,we discuss the current state-of-the-art practices in HT-ADME screening including assay portfolio,assay automation,sample analysis,data processing,and prediction model building.In addition,we also offer perspectives in future development of this exciting field.展开更多
Liquid biopsy is a technology that exhibits potential to detect cancer early,monitor therapies,and predict cancer prognosis due to its unique characteristics,including noninvasive sampling and real-time analysis.Circu...Liquid biopsy is a technology that exhibits potential to detect cancer early,monitor therapies,and predict cancer prognosis due to its unique characteristics,including noninvasive sampling and real-time analysis.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)and extracellular vesicles(EVs)are two important components of circulating targets,carrying substantial disease-related molecular information and playing a key role in liquid biopsy.Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides with superior affinity and specificity,and they can bind to targets by folding into unique tertiary structures.Aptamer-based microfluidic platforms offer new ways to enhance the purity and capture efficiency of CTCs and EVs by combining the advantages of microfluidic chips as isolation platforms and aptamers as recognition tools.In this review,we first briefly introduce some new strategies for aptamer discovery based on traditional and aptamer-based microfluidic approaches.Then,we subsequently summarize the progress of aptamer-based microfluidics for CTC and EV detection.Finally,we offer an outlook on the future directional challenges of aptamer-based microfluidics for circulating targets in clinical applications.展开更多
The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types.Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium,a lot of investigation...The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types.Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium,a lot of investigations regarding their pharmacological properties are yet to be performed.Besides,considering their broad anticonvulsant activities,an extension of their therapeutic indications may be worthy of investigation,especially regarding other seizure types as well as other central nervous system disorders.Although different liquid chromatographic(LC)methods coupled with ultraviolet,fluorescence,mass or tandem-mass spectrometry detection have already been developed for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,new and more cost-effective methods are yet required.Therefore,this review summarizes the main analytical aspects regarding the liquid chromatographic methods developed for the analysis of perampanel,retigabine(and its main active metabolite),rufinamide and stiripentol in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Furthermore,the physicochemical and stability properties of the target compounds will also be addressed.Thus,this review gathers,for the first time,important background information on LC methods that have been developed and applied for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,which should be considered as a starting point if new(bio)analytical techniques are aimed to be implemented for these drugs.展开更多
Two fluorescent pentamethine and a squarylium indocyanines containing at least one p-carboxybenzyl group on N atoms in the heterocyclic rings were synthesized. They had good water solubility and photostability. Their ...Two fluorescent pentamethine and a squarylium indocyanines containing at least one p-carboxybenzyl group on N atoms in the heterocyclic rings were synthesized. They had good water solubility and photostability. Their maximum absorption and maximum emission were 600-700 nm in water. When it was anchored onto nanostructured TiO2 electrode, compared with in water, the squaraine showed double absorption peaks (one blue shifted and another red shifted) and absorption intensity of the red shift peak increased with the increase of the time of irradiation. The intensity of the blue one decreased simultaneously. We proposed that the presence of two electronic charge forms of squaraine anchored on the TiO2 film might be the reason.展开更多
The author determined the occurrence of indole-3-acetic acid in sixteen Chinese marine algae collected from the east coast of China with fluorescence spectrophotometry (FS) and wheat coleop- tile bioanalysis methods (...The author determined the occurrence of indole-3-acetic acid in sixteen Chinese marine algae collected from the east coast of China with fluorescence spectrophotometry (FS) and wheat coleop- tile bioanalysis methods (WCB). The concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) presented was from 1.1–46.9 ng/g Fw (fresh weight) with FS and 5.3–110.2 ng/g Fw with WCB. The results by the two meth- ods were in the orders of 10-3–103 ng/g Fw reported previously from multiple references.展开更多
Novel heptamethine 3H-indocyanine dyes are synthesized and embedded into a matrix of silica gel derived from tetraethoxysilicane. The photophysical properties of these near infrared dyes in various solvents and in S...Novel heptamethine 3H-indocyanine dyes are synthesized and embedded into a matrix of silica gel derived from tetraethoxysilicane. The photophysical properties of these near infrared dyes in various solvents and in SiO2 sol gel were investigated. The results show that the dyes containing cyclohexenylene bridge and N-(p-carboxy)benzyl groups have better photostability and longer absorption wavelength than those containing linear heptamethine bridge and/or N-(5- carboxy)pentanyl groups. The absorption maxima of these dyes are in reverse proportion to the polarity of the solvents. The microenvironment of the dyes in SiO2 sol-gel characters medium polarity (between methanol and DMF) according to the absorption maxima.展开更多
Three fluorescent indocyanines containing p-carboxybenzyl groups on N atoms in the heterocyclic tings were synthesized under supersonic. The maxima wavelength of the absorption and emission of the dyes were 550-800 nm...Three fluorescent indocyanines containing p-carboxybenzyl groups on N atoms in the heterocyclic tings were synthesized under supersonic. The maxima wavelength of the absorption and emission of the dyes were 550-800 nm in water. Compared with those in aqueous solutions, the fluorescence intensity of the dyes in the α/β-cyclodextrin, Al^3＋, Zn^2＋, Sn^2＋ or the α/β-cyclodextrin in the aqueous solutions of the cations became stronger. The crystal Shapes of the dyes and their cyclodextrin inclusions were mostly acicular or polygon. The NHS-carboxyl squarylium indocyanine was prepared and used to conjugate with taurine or benzylamine, the results indicated that the dyes could couple covalently to biomass containing free NH2 group. Structure and some thermal parameters of the molecule of the trimethine cyanine were obtained by DFT method of Gaussian O3.展开更多
Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of ...Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of cis-diol containing biomolecules which are a large important group compounds in biosystems. However, preparation of BA-RAMs are rarely reported to date. In this study, a novel BA-RAM with external surface comprised of hydrophilic bottlebrush polymers was prepared exploiting the excellent capability of the bottlebrush polymers for protein exclusion. A diblock copolymer poly（3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid）-block-poly（2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PAAPBA-b-PHEMA） was first grafted from the silica surface via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （SI-RAFT）, and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAAm） was then grafted from the PHEMA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-ATRP） to yield the BA-RAM. The BA- RAM exhibits high selectivity to cis-diol containing small molecules and has good capability to exclude proteins. Its practical application in bioanalysis was tested by pretreatment of serum sample for analysis of catecholamines with high recoveries and good precision. The preparation strategy for the BA-RAM is very versatile and is easy to be expanded to other modes of RAMs.展开更多
基金supported in part by the financial support through the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22074008,22222402,22207098)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024J13001)+1 种基金the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Huan Province(No.2023ct01)The Special Fund for Zaozhuang Talent Agglomeration Project。
文摘DNA probes display advantages including flexible design,wide range of targets and high selectivity,but free DNA probes are confined to in vitro detection due to their poor cell penetration and low nuclease resistance.Nanomaterials-loaded DNA probes can effectively solve above limitations and promote them in vivo applications.Gold nanoparticles-based probes have been intensely investigated in the past,and AuNP@DNA nanoflare as one of the most powerful tools for biomedical study has been developed.So far,towards Au NP@DNA nanoflare,significant advances in preparation(e.g.,salt-aging,low pH-assisted and freezing-directed linking)and application(e.g.,sensing and therapeutic nanoflares)have been achieved since first report.In addition,scientific challenges involved in AuNP@DNA nanoflares have been concerned and some endeavor has been made recently.Here,a historical review is provided for AuNP@DNA nanoflares:methodology in preparation and applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine are delineated,challenges and outlook are also discussed,which are expected to improve the further development of this fertile research area.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Gr ant No.81102499)Hunan Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2011SK3261)
文摘Immunoassay technology is an analytical method with high sensitivity and specificity; it provides a technique to assay materials which cannot be measured by other methods, or are difficult to detect. It plays a very important role in biological sample pre-treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring and drug determination, and is one of the important means for in vivo drug analyses. This paper reviews immunoassays commonly used in bioanalysis, including immunoextraction and immunodepletion for pretreatment of biological samples, conventional immunoassay methods and new immunoassay technologies for determination of target drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52150710541)Jianguo Feng was supported by the grant number of 62201187.
文摘Heat generation or consumption is required for all biological processes.Microcalorimetry is an ultrasensitive method to measure heat change for various applications.In this paper,we aimed to review the ultrasensitive mi-crocalorimeter systems and their extensive applications in bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring.We first discussed the basic structure of microcalorimeters,including the closed system and open system,temperature sensing methods,isolation materials,and temperature stabilization.Then,we focused on their applications,such as cell metabolism research,biomolecule interaction measurement,biothermal analysis,and calorimetric detec-tion.Finally,we compared the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available microcalorimeters and their contributions to bioresearch.The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters provides the tools for bioanalysis at the single-cell,or even subcellular,level,as well as for precise calorimetric detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82304443,82030107,and 82373944).
文摘Significant investment in nanocarrier drug delivery systems(Nano-DDSs)has yielded only a limited number of successfully marketed nanomedicines,highlighting a low rate of clinical translation.A primary contributing factor is the lack of foundational understanding of in vivo processes.Comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is essential for developing more efficacious nanomedicines and accurately evaluating their safety and associated risks.However,the complexity of Nano-DDSs has impeded thorough and systematic pharmacokinetic studies.Key components of pharmacokinetic investigations on Nano-DDSs include the analysis of the released drug,the encapsulated drug,and the nanomaterial,which present a higher level of complexity compared to traditional small-molecule drugs.Establishing an appropriate approach for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs is crucial for facilitating the clinical translation of nanomedicines.This review provides an overview of advanced bioanalytical methodologies employed in studying the pharmacokinetics of anticancer organic Nano-DDSs over the past five years.We hope that this review will enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetics of Nano-DDSs and support the advancement of nanomedicines.
基金Program NCET Foundation NSFC(81230090)Global Research Network for Medicinal Plants and King Saud University,Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B906)+3 种基金Key laboratory of drug research for special environments,PLA,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for the Preparation of Bioactive Natural Products(10DZ2251300)Scientific Foundation of Shanghai China(12401900801,09DZ1975700,09DZ1971500,10DZ1971700)National Major Project of China(2011ZX09307-002-03)National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAI29B06)
文摘Objective To develop a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS） method for the simultaneous determination of wogonin, coptisine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, and wogonoside in rat plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction （HJD）. Methods LC separation was performed on an Acquity HSS T3 column （100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm） using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water. The detection was accomplished by using positive electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation. Results The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range （r^2 〉 0.99）. The lower limits of quantification were 0.20 ng/mL for coptisine and phellodendrine, 0.48 ng/mL for berberine, 0.10 ng/mL for jatrorrhizine, 0.32 ng/mL for magnoflorine, 0.30 ng/mL for palmatine, and 4.80 ng/mL for wogonin and wogonoside, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of the analytes was less than 12.11%, while the accuracy was between -14.46% and 4.86%. The mean recovery of all the analytes ranged from 93.10% to 110.91%. Conclusion This validated method offers thee advantages of high sensitivity. It is successfully applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of HJD.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21834004 and 21904063)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190279)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021314380151)
文摘Sensitive and accurate detection of biological analytes,such as proteins,genes,small molecules,ions,cells,etc.,has been a significant project in life science.Signal amplification is one of the most effective approaches to improve the sensitivity of bioanalysis.Taking advantage of specific base pairing,programmable operation,and predictable assembly,DNA is flexible and suitable to perform the signal amplification procedure.In recent years,signal amplification strategies by means of DNA technology have been widely integrated into the construction of electrochemiluminescence(ECL)biosensors,achieving desirable analytical performance in clinical diagnosis,biomedical research,and drug development.To the best of our knowledge,these DNA signal amplification technologies mainly include classical polymerase chain reaction,and various amplification approaches conducted under mild conditions,such as rolling circle amplification(RCA)or hyperbranched RCA,cleaving enzyme-assisted amplification,DNAzyme-involved amplification,toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement amplification without enzyme participation,and so on.This review overviews the recent advancements of DNA signal amplification strategies for bioanalysis in the ECL realm,sketching the creative trajectory from strategies design to ultrasensitive ECL platform construction and resulting applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21327902)the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University(ZYJH004)。
文摘Cells, basic units of living structures and functions, build up a complicated small world, and their order and complexity resemble a small universe. The detailed understanding and elucidation of the matter transport and energy conversion mechanisms within a single cell will expand our knowledge about the origin and evolution of life, the disease mechanisms and much more. In past decades, single-cell analysis has been rapidly and significantly improved and various methodologies have been developed to reveal the complexity of mass, energy, and information within single cells. In this review, we focused on the methods developed in recent years for single-cell analysis, including electrochemical method, optical method, and mass spectrometry method. We reviewed the recent advances and representative studies in this research field, and also discussed the strengths and limitations of each method. Finally, we presented the existing technical challenges and further directions for single-cell analysis.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21327902,21635004,21675079,21627806).
文摘Attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy(ATR-SEIRAS)has recently been proven to be a powerful tool for bioanalysis.It enables in situ and in real-time observation of dynamic processes occurring on specific interface,revealing rich structural and functional information of biomolecules at sub monolayer level.The aim of this general review was to give an overview of the cutting edge applications of ATRSEIRAS.We start with description of the basic configuration of the standard ATR-SEIRAS platform.The enhanced mechanisms and methods to fabricate enhanced substrates are then presented.We discuss the recent developments,challenges and applications of ATR-SEIRAS in bioanalysis,mainly focusing on DNA analysis,protein behavior and cell properties.Finally,further development of the ATRSEIRAS technique with enhanced sensitivity,improved time and spatial resolutions will be prospected.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2019YFA0709200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21988102,51772198,and 22002101).
文摘Developing photoelectrochemical(PEC)bioassays based on the principle of a photocathodic measurement of enzymatic product H_(2)O_(2) is highly attractive because it can naturally avoid interfering signals arising from reductive species inherent to biofluids.However,fluctuant oxygen levels in the analyte solution can compromise the accuracy of photocathodic bioanalysis and restrict its application because oxygen reduction potential is similar to H_(2)O_(2).Herein,we addressed this restriction by constructing a triphase biophotocathode with air–liquid–solid joint interfaces by immobilizing an oxidase enzyme film on the tip part of superhydrophobic p-type semiconductor nanowire arrays.Such a triphase biophotocathode has a reaction zone with steady and air phasedependent oxygen concentration which stabilizes and increases the oxidase kinetics,and enables the photocathodic measurement principle in reliable PEC bioassay development with high selectivity,good accuracy,and a wide linear detection range.Moreover,the biophotocathode shows good stability during repeated testing under light illumination.This reliable PEC bioassay system has broad potential in the fields of disease diagnosis,medical research,and environmental monitoring.
基金Project supported through grants from the Swiss National Science Foundationthe WCU program from the National Science Foundation of Korea for grant R31-10035
文摘Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying the design of highly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing the main trends in three applications related to this spectral range: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energy conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on getting easily processable polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imaging is still in its early stages; however, highly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as dual probes combining magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar light and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-generation devices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81741144)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.:2018ZX09J18107-002)for their financial assistance.
文摘Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity.Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach.The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation,which has gained extensive consideration.Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy,automation,ease of sample preparation,storage,and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade.Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations.In addition,how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples.Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques,including sorbent-based microextraction techniques,are primarily emphasized.
文摘Microfluidic,as the systems for using microchannel(micron-or sub-micron scale)to process or manipulate microflow,is being widely applied in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis.Microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor(MIER)is a tool with great value for the study of catalytic property and optimal reaction parameter in a flourishing and highly producing manner.In view of its advantages in efficiency,economy,and addressable recognition especially,MIER occupies an important position in the investigation of life science,including molecular biology,bioanalysis and biosensing,biocatalysis etc.Immobilization of enzymes can generally improve their stability,and upon most occasions,the immobilized enzyme is endowed with recyclability.In this review,the enzyme immobilization techniques applied in MIER will be discussed,followed by summarizing the novel developments in the field of MIER for biocatalysis,bioconversion and bioanalysis.The preponderances and deficiencies of the current state-of-the-art preparation ways of MIER are peculiarly discussed.In addition,the prospects of its future study are outlined.
文摘During the last decade high-throughput in vitro absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(HTADME)screening has become an essential part of any drug discovery effort of synthetic molecules.The conduct of HT-ADME screening has been"industrialized"due to the extensive development of software and automation tools in cell culture,assay incubation,sample analysis and data analysis.The HT-ADME assay portfolio continues to expand in emerging areas such as drug-transporter interactions,early soft spot identification,and ADME screening of peptide drug candidates.Additionally,thanks to the very large and high-quality HT-ADME data sets available in many biopharma companies,in silico prediction of ADME properties using machine learning has also gained much momentum in recent years.In this review,we discuss the current state-of-the-art practices in HT-ADME screening including assay portfolio,assay automation,sample analysis,data processing,and prediction model building.In addition,we also offer perspectives in future development of this exciting field.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82003710 and 82173808)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.:2020A1515010075 and 2021B1515020100)+3 种基金the Project of Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(Grant No.:2021ZDZX2012)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.:2023A04J1163)the National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project(Clinical Pharmacy)High-Level Clinical Key Specialty(Clinical Pharmacy)in Guangdong Province,China.
文摘Liquid biopsy is a technology that exhibits potential to detect cancer early,monitor therapies,and predict cancer prognosis due to its unique characteristics,including noninvasive sampling and real-time analysis.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)and extracellular vesicles(EVs)are two important components of circulating targets,carrying substantial disease-related molecular information and playing a key role in liquid biopsy.Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides with superior affinity and specificity,and they can bind to targets by folding into unique tertiary structures.Aptamer-based microfluidic platforms offer new ways to enhance the purity and capture efficiency of CTCs and EVs by combining the advantages of microfluidic chips as isolation platforms and aptamers as recognition tools.In this review,we first briefly introduce some new strategies for aptamer discovery based on traditional and aptamer-based microfluidic approaches.Then,we subsequently summarize the progress of aptamer-based microfluidics for CTC and EV detection.Finally,we offer an outlook on the future directional challenges of aptamer-based microfluidics for circulating targets in clinical applications.
基金supported by Banco Santander/Totta(Portugal)through the fellowship BID/ICI-FCS/CICS/Santander UniversidadesUBI/2017by Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)through the fellowship SFRH/BD/136028/2018+3 种基金by FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020-Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I(Project No.POCI-01-0145FEDER-007491)National Funds by FCT(Project No.UIDB/00709/2020and Project No.UIDP/00709/2020)the support provided by FEDER funds through the“Programa Operacional do Centro”(Project No.CENTRO-010145-FEDER-000013)。
文摘The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types.Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium,a lot of investigations regarding their pharmacological properties are yet to be performed.Besides,considering their broad anticonvulsant activities,an extension of their therapeutic indications may be worthy of investigation,especially regarding other seizure types as well as other central nervous system disorders.Although different liquid chromatographic(LC)methods coupled with ultraviolet,fluorescence,mass or tandem-mass spectrometry detection have already been developed for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,new and more cost-effective methods are yet required.Therefore,this review summarizes the main analytical aspects regarding the liquid chromatographic methods developed for the analysis of perampanel,retigabine(and its main active metabolite),rufinamide and stiripentol in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Furthermore,the physicochemical and stability properties of the target compounds will also be addressed.Thus,this review gathers,for the first time,important background information on LC methods that have been developed and applied for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,which should be considered as a starting point if new(bio)analytical techniques are aimed to be implemented for these drugs.
基金The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China and TheMinistry of Education of China for providing the financial support for this project
文摘Two fluorescent pentamethine and a squarylium indocyanines containing at least one p-carboxybenzyl group on N atoms in the heterocyclic rings were synthesized. They had good water solubility and photostability. Their maximum absorption and maximum emission were 600-700 nm in water. When it was anchored onto nanostructured TiO2 electrode, compared with in water, the squaraine showed double absorption peaks (one blue shifted and another red shifted) and absorption intensity of the red shift peak increased with the increase of the time of irradiation. The intensity of the blue one decreased simultaneously. We proposed that the presence of two electronic charge forms of squaraine anchored on the TiO2 film might be the reason.
基金Supported No. 30530080 by the NSFC, and by Qingdao Bureau of Science and Technology (No. 04-2-NN-26).
文摘The author determined the occurrence of indole-3-acetic acid in sixteen Chinese marine algae collected from the east coast of China with fluorescence spectrophotometry (FS) and wheat coleop- tile bioanalysis methods (WCB). The concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) presented was from 1.1–46.9 ng/g Fw (fresh weight) with FS and 5.3–110.2 ng/g Fw with WCB. The results by the two meth- ods were in the orders of 10-3–103 ng/g Fw reported previously from multiple references.
文摘Novel heptamethine 3H-indocyanine dyes are synthesized and embedded into a matrix of silica gel derived from tetraethoxysilicane. The photophysical properties of these near infrared dyes in various solvents and in SiO2 sol gel were investigated. The results show that the dyes containing cyclohexenylene bridge and N-(p-carboxy)benzyl groups have better photostability and longer absorption wavelength than those containing linear heptamethine bridge and/or N-(5- carboxy)pentanyl groups. The absorption maxima of these dyes are in reverse proportion to the polarity of the solvents. The microenvironment of the dyes in SiO2 sol-gel characters medium polarity (between methanol and DMF) according to the absorption maxima.
基金The authors would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20776122）；Hebei Natural Science Foundation （No. B2006000191）；State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology （No. KF0502） for providing the financial support for this project.
文摘Three fluorescent indocyanines containing p-carboxybenzyl groups on N atoms in the heterocyclic tings were synthesized under supersonic. The maxima wavelength of the absorption and emission of the dyes were 550-800 nm in water. Compared with those in aqueous solutions, the fluorescence intensity of the dyes in the α/β-cyclodextrin, Al^3＋, Zn^2＋, Sn^2＋ or the α/β-cyclodextrin in the aqueous solutions of the cations became stronger. The crystal Shapes of the dyes and their cyclodextrin inclusions were mostly acicular or polygon. The NHS-carboxyl squarylium indocyanine was prepared and used to conjugate with taurine or benzylamine, the results indicated that the dyes could couple covalently to biomass containing free NH2 group. Structure and some thermal parameters of the molecule of the trimethine cyanine were obtained by DFT method of Gaussian O3.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21575114 and 21475104)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No. 16JS114)
文摘Restricted-access materials （RAMs） have found their broad application in sample pretreatment of bioanalysis. Boronate affinity （BA） adsorption is a very efficient and facile method for isolation and enrichment of cis-diol containing biomolecules which are a large important group compounds in biosystems. However, preparation of BA-RAMs are rarely reported to date. In this study, a novel BA-RAM with external surface comprised of hydrophilic bottlebrush polymers was prepared exploiting the excellent capability of the bottlebrush polymers for protein exclusion. A diblock copolymer poly（3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid）-block-poly（2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PAAPBA-b-PHEMA） was first grafted from the silica surface via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （SI-RAFT）, and poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAAm） was then grafted from the PHEMA via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-ATRP） to yield the BA-RAM. The BA- RAM exhibits high selectivity to cis-diol containing small molecules and has good capability to exclude proteins. Its practical application in bioanalysis was tested by pretreatment of serum sample for analysis of catecholamines with high recoveries and good precision. The preparation strategy for the BA-RAM is very versatile and is easy to be expanded to other modes of RAMs.
