PBDEs are widely used brominated flame retardant, which are increasingly reported in the environment. Concentrations of thirteen PBDEs in a large number of channel catfish and fish feeds collected from Hubei province ...PBDEs are widely used brominated flame retardant, which are increasingly reported in the environment. Concentrations of thirteen PBDEs in a large number of channel catfish and fish feeds collected from Hubei province of China were investigated in this study. A fast isotopic dilution GC-MS method was firstly developed to simultaneously determine thirteen PBDEs in channel catfish and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time PBDEs in fish feeds. Pressurized liquid extraction and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures, and GC and MS conditions were optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.25 - 5 μg·kg-1 wet weight in channel catfish were calculated for PBDEs;so did 1 - 20 μg·kg-1 wet weight in fish feeds. In addition, good repeatability and accuracy of the whole method were achieved. The established methods were therefore suitable for the simultaneous determinations of thirteen PBDEs in these samples at trace contamination levels. Using the established methods, PBDEs emerged in 10 of 180 channel catfish and 13 of 115 fish feeds, and the dominant PBDEs homologues were PBDE-28, PBDE-47, PBDE-100, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, PBDE-153 and PBDE-183. The detection rates of seven PBDEs congeners were in turn respectively 1.74%, 7.83%, 4.35%, 5.22%, 3.48%, 2.61% and 2.61% in fish feeds, and detection rates of seven PBDEs congeners were in turn respectively 1.11%, 3.89%, 2.22%, 1.67%, 1.11%, 1.11% and 1.11% in channel catfish. There was significant correlation in PBDEs between matching channel catfish and fish feeds (R2 = 0.742, P < 0.001, n = 30), suggesting that fish feeds contaminated with PBDEs possibly resulted in PBDEs residual in channel catfish through biological transfer.展开更多
The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium(Sr^(2+))in two Moroccan wheat species,Triticum durum(Nachit)and Triticum aestivum(Ibtissam).Germination rates and seedling growth p...The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium(Sr^(2+))in two Moroccan wheat species,Triticum durum(Nachit)and Triticum aestivum(Ibtissam).Germination rates and seedling growth parameters were evaluated under Sr^(2+)concentrations of 0,10,100,and 1000 mM.Results revealed a significant decline in germination rates as Sr^(2+)concentrations increased,with T.aestivum showing higher sensitivity compared to T.durum.Low Sr^(2+)concentrations(10 mM)initially promoted stem growth in T.aestivum,but growth declined sharply at higher concentrations.Both species sustained growth at moderate Sr^(2+)concentrations(100 mM),but experienced a substantial reduction at 1000 mM,with T.durum demonstrating slightly better tolerance.Elevated Sr^(2+)concentrations notably affected root length and stem branching,indicating severe phytotoxic effects.Enzyme activity assays showed that at low Sr^(2+)concentration(10 mM),GST,CAT,POD,and SOD activities were similar to the control.At moderate concentrations(100 mM),GST and POD activities increased,suggesting enhanced detoxification.At high concentrations(1000 mM),all enzyme activities were significantly elevated,reflecting a robust antioxidative defense mechanism.This study provides valuable insights into the toxicological impacts and physiological responses of these wheat species to Sr^(2+)stress.展开更多
Emerging pollutants,characterized by high environmental persistence,strong bioaccumulation,and significant biotoxicity,have posed serious threats to humans as well as the environment,and thus attracted global attentio...Emerging pollutants,characterized by high environmental persistence,strong bioaccumulation,and significant biotoxicity,have posed serious threats to humans as well as the environment,and thus attracted global attention.Their rapid identification and precise detection are of critical significance for the risk control of emerging pollutants.展开更多
Nanoplastics are emerging contaminants that may co-exist with organochlorine pesticides and adversely affect invertebrates in the environment.However,the impact of environmental aging on the combined toxicity of nanop...Nanoplastics are emerging contaminants that may co-exist with organochlorine pesticides and adversely affect invertebrates in the environment.However,the impact of environmental aging on the combined toxicity of nanoplastics and organochlorine pesticides remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of aging on the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS NPs)and chlordane against Caenorhabditis elegans.The results showed that photo-aging altered the physicochemical properties of PS NPs and promoted the combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane to nematodes by reducing survival rate,body length and enhancing germline apoptosis.Additionally,combined exposure of nematodes to aged PS NPs and chlordane significantly increased reactive oxygen species production and intestinal permeability,suggesting that aging enhances combined toxicity through oxidative stress and intestinal damage.Moreover,aging increased chlordane contents in nematodes without promoting PS NPs accumulation,potentially leading to increased combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane.Notably,aging significantly increased the accumulation of PS NPs in the posterior intestine of the nematode during co-exposure,which may be responsible for the most sensitive and highest degree of change in germline apoptosis.These observations emphasize the significance of accounting for environmental aging as well as the accumulation and distribution of nanoplastics in organisms when assessing the combined effects of nanoplastics and coexisting pollutants.展开更多
Dill(Anethum graveolens),an annual species,was used to study the impact of metallic pollution potentially spreading fromthe nickel smelter dump in Dolna Streda(Slovakia)by monitoring 55 elements.Despite the proximity ...Dill(Anethum graveolens),an annual species,was used to study the impact of metallic pollution potentially spreading fromthe nickel smelter dump in Dolna Streda(Slovakia)by monitoring 55 elements.Despite the proximity of this dump(1 km),only soil Ni(54.8 mg/kg)or Pb(47.3 mg/kg),but not Cr,Mn,Fe or Co(main elements of the dump’s sludge)was elevated in given garden soil compared to two control sites.Mainly flowers and/or leaves contained significantly higher amounts of Ni,Cr,Pb,Cu,As,Sb,Sn,V,W,and some rare earth elements at the site close to the dump.Correlation between elements in organs and soil was significant mainly in stem or root but the bioaccumulation factor was typically low(<0.02)for most elements.A positive finding was that the 2022/2024 comparison revealed a decline in most elements in dill leaves,even at the dump site,which may reflect a decrease in the content of air PM particles.Soluble phenols were less accumulated in plants close to the nickel smelter dump,but flavonols showed the opposite trend,and free amino acids were positively correlated with many elements in the stem and root.An evaluation of commercial dill samples revealed variability(e.g.,up to 0.7 mg Cd/kg dry weight)but subsequent NCA and PCA analyses clearly separated the dump locality from other samples.However,significant differences in the content of Cd,Ni,Pb,As,and other elements encourage precise control of commercially available dill dry matter.展开更多
Production of synthetic antibiotics has rapidly expanded to meet the increasing demands in human healthcare,animal husbandry,and agriculture.Meanwhile,however,substantial quantities of untreated antibiotics entered th...Production of synthetic antibiotics has rapidly expanded to meet the increasing demands in human healthcare,animal husbandry,and agriculture.Meanwhile,however,substantial quantities of untreated antibiotics entered the agricultural environment through animal waste,reclaimed wastewater,or biosolids.The existence of drugs in farmland will not only have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity but also lead to antibiotics accumulation and drug resistance.To address this emerging drug contamination issue,this article conducts an indepth and comprehensive analysis of the research on antibiotic pollution in cropland and crops within 20 years.In this article,the bioaccumulation mechanisms of antibiotic in crops were systematically analyzed and discussed,with emphasis on the effects of important influencing factors such as the physico-chemical properties of antibiotics,cultivation environment,and plant morphology.Additionally,this article briefly discusses the various antibiotic extraction and analytical methods,as well as calculation indexes on human risk assessment.At last,the author further analyzed the environmental challenge of antibiotic resistance and provided insights into pollution remediation pathways for future research.展开更多
The present study was conducted to examine the trophic transfer of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in a closed arsenic mine.Eight PTEs in a soil-plant-leaf litter-earthworm-top predators(free-range local chicken and w...The present study was conducted to examine the trophic transfer of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in a closed arsenic mine.Eight PTEs in a soil-plant-leaf litter-earthworm-top predators(free-range local chicken and wild passerine bird)system were analyzed for nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes,PTE concentrations,bioaccumulation factors(BAFs),and transfer factors(TFs).The PTE concentrations in soils from mining areas were generally higher than a adjacent controlled area,with As and Cd in soils showing the prominent compared to other six PTEs,as seen for the indices of geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),pollution index(PI)and potential ecological risk index(RI).The relatively high BAF and TF values suggested a distinct biotransfer of PTEs along the soil-plant-leaf litter-earthworm system.BAFs were mostly<1 except in earthworms,indicating that earthworms had a strong capacity to take up these metals.The TFs varied both among PTEs and organism’s species,e.g.,the transfer capacities of As in Pteris vittata and Pteris cretica,Cd in Miscanthus sinensis,and Pb,Cr and Mn in moss were the highest.For local free-range chicken and wild passerine bird,the concentrations of PTEs were higher in gastric contents and feather than in internal tissue(stomach,liver and heart),with lower contents in muscle and egg.Bioaccumulation of PTEs generally decreased from decomposer earthworms,to primary producer plants,to top predator,indicating a potential bio-dilution tendency in higher trophic levels in the terrestrial food chain.展开更多
Persistent halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)are globally concerned owing to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms.The trophic transfer of HOPs can affect their toxic effects ...Persistent halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)are globally concerned owing to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms.The trophic transfer of HOPs can affect their toxic effects on both humans and ecosystems.Previous studies mostly focused on HOPs biomagnification within specific regional or ecosystem contexts,however,the variation in trophicmagnification factors(TMFs)among different HOPs across a spectrum of diverse aquatic systems globally remains unclear.By collating literatures encompassing TMFs of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),or perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)along invertebrate–fish food webs on a global scale,our analysis revealed that Asia,North America,and Europe exhibited the highest pollution levels of HOPs.PCBs were found to have the highest trophicmagnification capability(TMF=3.14),followed by PBDEs(TMF=2.48)and PFAAs(TMF=1.97).TMF values and the probability of TMF exceeding 1 for PCB,PBDE and PFAA congeners showed a parabolic relationship with halogenation degree and carbon chain length.Specifically,PCBswith 6 chlorines,PBDEs with 5 bromines,and PFAAs with 12 carbons exhibited maximum trophic transfer capability and potential along food webs.Fractionation of PCBs and PFAAs was observed,with the proportions of higher chlorination degree and longer chain PFAAs increasing while the others decreased with trophic levels.Surprisingly,we also found a positive relationship between site latitude and TMF values of HOP congeners.This study provides a valuable basis for gauging ecological and health risks of HOPs,facilitating the development of robust standards for aquatic environment management.展开更多
The limitation of legacy hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs)and increasing usage of emerging brominated flame retardant(BFR)tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)resulted in their co-exposure to organisms.In this study,domestic chic...The limitation of legacy hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs)and increasing usage of emerging brominated flame retardant(BFR)tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)resulted in their co-exposure to organisms.In this study,domestic chicken and environmental samples collected near a BFR manufacturing zone were analyzed to determine the bioaccumulation and transfer of HBCDs and TBBPA.The mean concentrations of∑_(3)HBCDs,TBBPA,∑_(4)TBBPA-related derivatives,∑_(9)TBBPA-related byproducts,and∑_(16)TBBPA-related transformation products in chicken tissues were 1207,0.20,15087,0.96,and 6384 ng/g lipid weight,respectively.Exposure to sources of BFR contamination(soil,feed,and water)could be the main cause of high BFR levels in chickens.α-HBCD and bis-substituted TBBPA analogues have higher bioaccumulation factor levels than TBBPA and other compounds,indicating greater bioconcentration potential for substances with higher logK_(ow).HBCDs,TBBPA,and TBBPA analogues tend to be enriched in the chicken comb and spleen and can cross the blood−brain barrier into the brain.However,while these compounds accumulate in the mother,they are also subject to metabolic processes that lead to their eventual excretion.Low-persistence BFRs were more favorable to maternal transfer,while compounds with high persistence tended to be retained in the mother.Although dietary intake of BFRs through chicken consumption poses a low risk to the general population,concerns remain regarding the synergistic risk of BFRs.展开更多
The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture...The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture conditions. The diameter of colony, biomass ofP. chrysosporium, ligninolytic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation quantity of heavy metals were detected. The results indicated that Cd was more toxic than Pb to P. chrysosporium and the toxicity of Cd and Pb to P. chrysosporium was further strengthened under Cd＋Pb combined pollution in different culture conditions. Heavy metals Cd and Pb had indirect influence on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by directly affecting the fungal growth and metabolic activity, and by another way in liquid culture. In addition, the results provided an evidence of the accumulation of Cd and Pb on the mycelia ofP. chrysosporium.展开更多
Sixteen Scenedesmus species or strains have been employed to investigate the maximum capacity of nickel (Ni) accumulation in 10 mg/L Ni solution. The results showed that the capacity of accumulating Ni from aqueou...Sixteen Scenedesmus species or strains have been employed to investigate the maximum capacity of nickel (Ni) accumulation in 10 mg/L Ni solution. The results showed that the capacity of accumulating Ni from aqueous solution in 16 Scenedesmus species or strains showed the diversity. S. quadricauda freshwater algae culture collection of the Institute of Hydrobiology (FACHB) 44 and S. quadricauda FACHB 506 performed much more capacity of Ni accumulation than other species such as Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 416 and Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 489. Sequestration of Ni ions from aqueous solution was very efficient (26.7 mg Ni/g dry weight, in the 100 mg/L Ni solution) in S. quadricauda FACHB 44. The kinetics of Ni binding indicated that Ni bioaccumulation, in algal cell of S. quadricauda FACHB 44, possessed a rapid biosorption (5 min) and an slow bioaccumulation (2-3 h). More than 70% of Ni binding in algal cell were accumulated by biosorption and the remaining 20%-30% were bioaccumulated by energy_consumed transportation. It is much more higher ratio of energy_consumed transportation in S. quadricauda FACHB 44 than in other algae. Both the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the energy_dispersive X_ray (EDX) microanalyses also revealed the different mechanisms of bioaccumulation in the various subcellular regions: a very fast adsorption in the cell wall; and a time_dependent absorption in protoplasm, specially in starch and chromatin.展开更多
The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compa...The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts (e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with international guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, life-cycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the science-based decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing world and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.展开更多
This study aimed to develop original laboratory culture and sediment toxicity testing protocols for the freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve）, a new potential species for sediment toxicity testing. B. aer...This study aimed to develop original laboratory culture and sediment toxicity testing protocols for the freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve）, a new potential species for sediment toxicity testing. B. aeruginosa was successfully cultured with an effective culture system under proposed laboratory conditions. Optimal ad libitum feeding levels for larvae, juveniles, and adults were 2.0, 6.0, and 16.0 mg fish food/（snall.day）, respectively. Mean survival rates of juveniles were higher than 90%, The snails could be sexed at 9 weeks of age, and their generation time is approximately 4 months. Reproduction continued all year around; the mean fecundity was 0.55 newborn/（female.day）. The utility of this species for bioassays was evaluated in both 10-day and 28-day case studies with artificial sediments. The 10-day LC50 of Cu for larvae was 480 μg/g dry weight （dw）, and the lowest observed effects concentration of Cu for survival and growth of larvae was 195 μg/g dw. Survival and growth are reliable indicators of acute toxicity. Larvae accumulated more Cu than adults. B. aeruginosa exhibited a higher sensitivity to Cu exposure than standard test species （Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans）. The 28-day test of sediment toxicity with adults showed that fecundity was a robust endpoint indicator of reproductive toxicity, and the biochemical endpoints of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione could be used as sensitive biomarkers for Cu-induced oxidative damage. B. aeruginosa can be therefore recommended as a candidate for the standardization of the freshwater sediment toxicity test protocol.展开更多
The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of lead (Pb) on sand tailings was investigated.A pot experiment employing factorial design with two main effects of fertilizer and lead was conducte...The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of lead (Pb) on sand tailings was investigated.A pot experiment employing factorial design with two main effects of fertilizer and lead was conducted in a nursery using sand tailings from an ex-tin mine as the growing medium.Results showed that Pb was found in the root,stem,and seed capsule of kenaf but not in the leaf.Application of organic fertilizer promoted greater biomass yield as well as higher accumulation capacity of Pb.In Pb-spike...展开更多
The Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, which were caught from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, ...The Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, which were caught from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake of China. The results showed that： （1） the Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion （1994）, but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion; （2） Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish, Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish, Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads, Zn contents were the highest in the gonad （♀）, and Cu contents were the highest in the liver; （3） the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle. The total metal accumulation was the highest in C. auratus L. This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption, but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.展开更多
Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metaboli...Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metabolites is an indication of herbicide degradation,some of them still exhibit toxicity,greater water solubility and weaker interaction with soil components than atrazine.Hence,studies with atrazine in the environment are of interest because of its potential to contaminate drinking water sources.Data on atrazine availability for transport,plant uptake,and microbial degradation and mineralization are therefore required to perform more comprehensive and realistic environmental risk assessments of its environmental fate.This review presents an account of the sorption-desorption phenomenon of atrazine on soil and other sorbents by revisiting the several mechanisms of atrazine-sorbent binding reported in the literature.The retention and transport of atrazine in soils;the influence of organic matter on atrazine sorption;the interactions of atrazine with humic substances,atrazine uptake by plants,atrazine bioccumulation and microbial degradation;atrazine transformation in composting environments;and finally atrazine removal by biosorption are discussed.展开更多
Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic(iAs)enters into benthic fish;however,the metabolic process of dietborne i As in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear.This was a 40-day study on ...Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic(iAs)enters into benthic fish;however,the metabolic process of dietborne i As in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear.This was a 40-day study on chronic dietborne i As[arsenite(AsⅢ)and arsenate(AsⅤ)]exposure in the benthic freshwater food fish,the crucian carp(Carassius auratus),which determined the temporal profiles of iAs metabolism and toxicokinetics during exposure.We found that an adaptive response occurred in the fish body after iAs dietary exposure,which was associated with decreased As accumulation and increased As transformation into a non-toxic As form(arsenobetaine).The bioavailability of dietary AsⅢwas lower than that of AsⅤ,probably because AsⅢhas a lower ability to pass through fish tissues.Dietary AsⅤexhibited a high potential for transformation into AsⅢspecies,which then accumulated in fish muscle.The largely produced AsⅢconsidered more toxic at the earlier stage of AsⅤexposure should attract sufficient attention to human exposure assessment.Therefore,the pristine As species and exposure duration had significant effects on As bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish.The behavior determined for dietborne arsenic in food fish is crucial for not only arsenic ecotoxicology but also food safety.展开更多
Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccu...Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury（MeHg） in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites（a total of 124 paddy fields） in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg（THg） and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur（S）,selenium（Se）, organic matter（OM）, nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, mineral compositions（e.g., SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3） and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S（N）–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.展开更多
The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in chicken tissues from an electronic waste （e-waste） recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local resid...The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in chicken tissues from an electronic waste （e-waste） recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight （lw） and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs （∑PBDEs） in the chicken tissue was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large difference of ∑PBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the ＂lipid-compartment＂. BDE-209 was the predominant congener （82.5%- 94.7% of ∑PBDEs） in all chicken tissues except in brain （34.7% of ∑PBDEs）, which indicated that deca-BDE （the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%-70% of total production） was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/（day.kg body weight （bw）） with a mean value of 13.5 ng/（day-kg bw）, which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstuffs.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of Chin...A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.展开更多
文摘PBDEs are widely used brominated flame retardant, which are increasingly reported in the environment. Concentrations of thirteen PBDEs in a large number of channel catfish and fish feeds collected from Hubei province of China were investigated in this study. A fast isotopic dilution GC-MS method was firstly developed to simultaneously determine thirteen PBDEs in channel catfish and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time PBDEs in fish feeds. Pressurized liquid extraction and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures, and GC and MS conditions were optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.25 - 5 μg·kg-1 wet weight in channel catfish were calculated for PBDEs;so did 1 - 20 μg·kg-1 wet weight in fish feeds. In addition, good repeatability and accuracy of the whole method were achieved. The established methods were therefore suitable for the simultaneous determinations of thirteen PBDEs in these samples at trace contamination levels. Using the established methods, PBDEs emerged in 10 of 180 channel catfish and 13 of 115 fish feeds, and the dominant PBDEs homologues were PBDE-28, PBDE-47, PBDE-100, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, PBDE-153 and PBDE-183. The detection rates of seven PBDEs congeners were in turn respectively 1.74%, 7.83%, 4.35%, 5.22%, 3.48%, 2.61% and 2.61% in fish feeds, and detection rates of seven PBDEs congeners were in turn respectively 1.11%, 3.89%, 2.22%, 1.67%, 1.11%, 1.11% and 1.11% in channel catfish. There was significant correlation in PBDEs between matching channel catfish and fish feeds (R2 = 0.742, P < 0.001, n = 30), suggesting that fish feeds contaminated with PBDEs possibly resulted in PBDEs residual in channel catfish through biological transfer.
文摘The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium(Sr^(2+))in two Moroccan wheat species,Triticum durum(Nachit)and Triticum aestivum(Ibtissam).Germination rates and seedling growth parameters were evaluated under Sr^(2+)concentrations of 0,10,100,and 1000 mM.Results revealed a significant decline in germination rates as Sr^(2+)concentrations increased,with T.aestivum showing higher sensitivity compared to T.durum.Low Sr^(2+)concentrations(10 mM)initially promoted stem growth in T.aestivum,but growth declined sharply at higher concentrations.Both species sustained growth at moderate Sr^(2+)concentrations(100 mM),but experienced a substantial reduction at 1000 mM,with T.durum demonstrating slightly better tolerance.Elevated Sr^(2+)concentrations notably affected root length and stem branching,indicating severe phytotoxic effects.Enzyme activity assays showed that at low Sr^(2+)concentration(10 mM),GST,CAT,POD,and SOD activities were similar to the control.At moderate concentrations(100 mM),GST and POD activities increased,suggesting enhanced detoxification.At high concentrations(1000 mM),all enzyme activities were significantly elevated,reflecting a robust antioxidative defense mechanism.This study provides valuable insights into the toxicological impacts and physiological responses of these wheat species to Sr^(2+)stress.
文摘Emerging pollutants,characterized by high environmental persistence,strong bioaccumulation,and significant biotoxicity,have posed serious threats to humans as well as the environment,and thus attracted global attention.Their rapid identification and precise detection are of critical significance for the risk control of emerging pollutants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1808204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206001 and U22A20406)the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2021A0074).
文摘Nanoplastics are emerging contaminants that may co-exist with organochlorine pesticides and adversely affect invertebrates in the environment.However,the impact of environmental aging on the combined toxicity of nanoplastics and organochlorine pesticides remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of aging on the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS NPs)and chlordane against Caenorhabditis elegans.The results showed that photo-aging altered the physicochemical properties of PS NPs and promoted the combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane to nematodes by reducing survival rate,body length and enhancing germline apoptosis.Additionally,combined exposure of nematodes to aged PS NPs and chlordane significantly increased reactive oxygen species production and intestinal permeability,suggesting that aging enhances combined toxicity through oxidative stress and intestinal damage.Moreover,aging increased chlordane contents in nematodes without promoting PS NPs accumulation,potentially leading to increased combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane.Notably,aging significantly increased the accumulation of PS NPs in the posterior intestine of the nematode during co-exposure,which may be responsible for the most sensitive and highest degree of change in germline apoptosis.These observations emphasize the significance of accounting for environmental aging as well as the accumulation and distribution of nanoplastics in organisms when assessing the combined effects of nanoplastics and coexisting pollutants.
基金supported by the Slovak grant agency VEGA(project no 1/0003/21)analyses of foreign co-authors also by internal sources(grant no.SGS_2025_001)of their workplaces.
文摘Dill(Anethum graveolens),an annual species,was used to study the impact of metallic pollution potentially spreading fromthe nickel smelter dump in Dolna Streda(Slovakia)by monitoring 55 elements.Despite the proximity of this dump(1 km),only soil Ni(54.8 mg/kg)or Pb(47.3 mg/kg),but not Cr,Mn,Fe or Co(main elements of the dump’s sludge)was elevated in given garden soil compared to two control sites.Mainly flowers and/or leaves contained significantly higher amounts of Ni,Cr,Pb,Cu,As,Sb,Sn,V,W,and some rare earth elements at the site close to the dump.Correlation between elements in organs and soil was significant mainly in stem or root but the bioaccumulation factor was typically low(<0.02)for most elements.A positive finding was that the 2022/2024 comparison revealed a decline in most elements in dill leaves,even at the dump site,which may reflect a decrease in the content of air PM particles.Soluble phenols were less accumulated in plants close to the nickel smelter dump,but flavonols showed the opposite trend,and free amino acids were positively correlated with many elements in the stem and root.An evaluation of commercial dill samples revealed variability(e.g.,up to 0.7 mg Cd/kg dry weight)but subsequent NCA and PCA analyses clearly separated the dump locality from other samples.However,significant differences in the content of Cd,Ni,Pb,As,and other elements encourage precise control of commercially available dill dry matter.
文摘Production of synthetic antibiotics has rapidly expanded to meet the increasing demands in human healthcare,animal husbandry,and agriculture.Meanwhile,however,substantial quantities of untreated antibiotics entered the agricultural environment through animal waste,reclaimed wastewater,or biosolids.The existence of drugs in farmland will not only have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity but also lead to antibiotics accumulation and drug resistance.To address this emerging drug contamination issue,this article conducts an indepth and comprehensive analysis of the research on antibiotic pollution in cropland and crops within 20 years.In this article,the bioaccumulation mechanisms of antibiotic in crops were systematically analyzed and discussed,with emphasis on the effects of important influencing factors such as the physico-chemical properties of antibiotics,cultivation environment,and plant morphology.Additionally,this article briefly discusses the various antibiotic extraction and analytical methods,as well as calculation indexes on human risk assessment.At last,the author further analyzed the environmental challenge of antibiotic resistance and provided insights into pollution remediation pathways for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41907325 and 41571470).
文摘The present study was conducted to examine the trophic transfer of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in a closed arsenic mine.Eight PTEs in a soil-plant-leaf litter-earthworm-top predators(free-range local chicken and wild passerine bird)system were analyzed for nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes,PTE concentrations,bioaccumulation factors(BAFs),and transfer factors(TFs).The PTE concentrations in soils from mining areas were generally higher than a adjacent controlled area,with As and Cd in soils showing the prominent compared to other six PTEs,as seen for the indices of geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),pollution index(PI)and potential ecological risk index(RI).The relatively high BAF and TF values suggested a distinct biotransfer of PTEs along the soil-plant-leaf litter-earthworm system.BAFs were mostly<1 except in earthworms,indicating that earthworms had a strong capacity to take up these metals.The TFs varied both among PTEs and organism’s species,e.g.,the transfer capacities of As in Pteris vittata and Pteris cretica,Cd in Miscanthus sinensis,and Pb,Cr and Mn in moss were the highest.For local free-range chicken and wild passerine bird,the concentrations of PTEs were higher in gastric contents and feather than in internal tissue(stomach,liver and heart),with lower contents in muscle and egg.Bioaccumulation of PTEs generally decreased from decomposer earthworms,to primary producer plants,to top predator,indicating a potential bio-dilution tendency in higher trophic levels in the terrestrial food chain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2421005,T2261129474,52039001,and 52270148).
文摘Persistent halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)are globally concerned owing to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms.The trophic transfer of HOPs can affect their toxic effects on both humans and ecosystems.Previous studies mostly focused on HOPs biomagnification within specific regional or ecosystem contexts,however,the variation in trophicmagnification factors(TMFs)among different HOPs across a spectrum of diverse aquatic systems globally remains unclear.By collating literatures encompassing TMFs of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),or perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)along invertebrate–fish food webs on a global scale,our analysis revealed that Asia,North America,and Europe exhibited the highest pollution levels of HOPs.PCBs were found to have the highest trophicmagnification capability(TMF=3.14),followed by PBDEs(TMF=2.48)and PFAAs(TMF=1.97).TMF values and the probability of TMF exceeding 1 for PCB,PBDE and PFAA congeners showed a parabolic relationship with halogenation degree and carbon chain length.Specifically,PCBswith 6 chlorines,PBDEs with 5 bromines,and PFAAs with 12 carbons exhibited maximum trophic transfer capability and potential along food webs.Fractionation of PCBs and PFAAs was observed,with the proportions of higher chlorination degree and longer chain PFAAs increasing while the others decreased with trophic levels.Surprisingly,we also found a positive relationship between site latitude and TMF values of HOP congeners.This study provides a valuable basis for gauging ecological and health risks of HOPs,facilitating the development of robust standards for aquatic environment management.
基金supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022MB002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176105,No.22325606).
文摘The limitation of legacy hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs)and increasing usage of emerging brominated flame retardant(BFR)tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)resulted in their co-exposure to organisms.In this study,domestic chicken and environmental samples collected near a BFR manufacturing zone were analyzed to determine the bioaccumulation and transfer of HBCDs and TBBPA.The mean concentrations of∑_(3)HBCDs,TBBPA,∑_(4)TBBPA-related derivatives,∑_(9)TBBPA-related byproducts,and∑_(16)TBBPA-related transformation products in chicken tissues were 1207,0.20,15087,0.96,and 6384 ng/g lipid weight,respectively.Exposure to sources of BFR contamination(soil,feed,and water)could be the main cause of high BFR levels in chickens.α-HBCD and bis-substituted TBBPA analogues have higher bioaccumulation factor levels than TBBPA and other compounds,indicating greater bioconcentration potential for substances with higher logK_(ow).HBCDs,TBBPA,and TBBPA analogues tend to be enriched in the chicken comb and spleen and can cross the blood−brain barrier into the brain.However,while these compounds accumulate in the mother,they are also subject to metabolic processes that lead to their eventual excretion.Low-persistence BFRs were more favorable to maternal transfer,while compounds with high persistence tended to be retained in the mother.Although dietary intake of BFRs through chicken consumption poses a low risk to the general population,concerns remain regarding the synergistic risk of BFRs.
基金Projects(21477027,51278176)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014A020216048)supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(2015M582363)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture conditions. The diameter of colony, biomass ofP. chrysosporium, ligninolytic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation quantity of heavy metals were detected. The results indicated that Cd was more toxic than Pb to P. chrysosporium and the toxicity of Cd and Pb to P. chrysosporium was further strengthened under Cd＋Pb combined pollution in different culture conditions. Heavy metals Cd and Pb had indirect influence on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by directly affecting the fungal growth and metabolic activity, and by another way in liquid culture. In addition, the results provided an evidence of the accumulation of Cd and Pb on the mycelia ofP. chrysosporium.
文摘Sixteen Scenedesmus species or strains have been employed to investigate the maximum capacity of nickel (Ni) accumulation in 10 mg/L Ni solution. The results showed that the capacity of accumulating Ni from aqueous solution in 16 Scenedesmus species or strains showed the diversity. S. quadricauda freshwater algae culture collection of the Institute of Hydrobiology (FACHB) 44 and S. quadricauda FACHB 506 performed much more capacity of Ni accumulation than other species such as Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 416 and Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 489. Sequestration of Ni ions from aqueous solution was very efficient (26.7 mg Ni/g dry weight, in the 100 mg/L Ni solution) in S. quadricauda FACHB 44. The kinetics of Ni binding indicated that Ni bioaccumulation, in algal cell of S. quadricauda FACHB 44, possessed a rapid biosorption (5 min) and an slow bioaccumulation (2-3 h). More than 70% of Ni binding in algal cell were accumulated by biosorption and the remaining 20%-30% were bioaccumulated by energy_consumed transportation. It is much more higher ratio of energy_consumed transportation in S. quadricauda FACHB 44 than in other algae. Both the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the energy_dispersive X_ray (EDX) microanalyses also revealed the different mechanisms of bioaccumulation in the various subcellular regions: a very fast adsorption in the cell wall; and a time_dependent absorption in protoplasm, specially in starch and chromatin.
文摘The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts (e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with international guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, life-cycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the science-based decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing world and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20677021)the Science Foundation of Jishou University (No.jsdxkyzz200101)
文摘This study aimed to develop original laboratory culture and sediment toxicity testing protocols for the freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve）, a new potential species for sediment toxicity testing. B. aeruginosa was successfully cultured with an effective culture system under proposed laboratory conditions. Optimal ad libitum feeding levels for larvae, juveniles, and adults were 2.0, 6.0, and 16.0 mg fish food/（snall.day）, respectively. Mean survival rates of juveniles were higher than 90%, The snails could be sexed at 9 weeks of age, and their generation time is approximately 4 months. Reproduction continued all year around; the mean fecundity was 0.55 newborn/（female.day）. The utility of this species for bioassays was evaluated in both 10-day and 28-day case studies with artificial sediments. The 10-day LC50 of Cu for larvae was 480 μg/g dry weight （dw）, and the lowest observed effects concentration of Cu for survival and growth of larvae was 195 μg/g dw. Survival and growth are reliable indicators of acute toxicity. Larvae accumulated more Cu than adults. B. aeruginosa exhibited a higher sensitivity to Cu exposure than standard test species （Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans）. The 28-day test of sediment toxicity with adults showed that fecundity was a robust endpoint indicator of reproductive toxicity, and the biochemical endpoints of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione could be used as sensitive biomarkers for Cu-induced oxidative damage. B. aeruginosa can be therefore recommended as a candidate for the standardization of the freshwater sediment toxicity test protocol.
基金the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (TGP 40300402009 and 40310304003)the ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Project (AKECOP) for financial support
文摘The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of lead (Pb) on sand tailings was investigated.A pot experiment employing factorial design with two main effects of fertilizer and lead was conducted in a nursery using sand tailings from an ex-tin mine as the growing medium.Results showed that Pb was found in the root,stem,and seed capsule of kenaf but not in the leaf.Application of organic fertilizer promoted greater biomass yield as well as higher accumulation capacity of Pb.In Pb-spike...
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40673078,40203007).
文摘The Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, which were caught from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake of China. The results showed that： （1） the Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion （1994）, but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion; （2） Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish, Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish, Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads, Zn contents were the highest in the gonad （♀）, and Cu contents were the highest in the liver; （3） the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle. The total metal accumulation was the highest in C. auratus L. This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption, but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.
文摘Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metabolites is an indication of herbicide degradation,some of them still exhibit toxicity,greater water solubility and weaker interaction with soil components than atrazine.Hence,studies with atrazine in the environment are of interest because of its potential to contaminate drinking water sources.Data on atrazine availability for transport,plant uptake,and microbial degradation and mineralization are therefore required to perform more comprehensive and realistic environmental risk assessments of its environmental fate.This review presents an account of the sorption-desorption phenomenon of atrazine on soil and other sorbents by revisiting the several mechanisms of atrazine-sorbent binding reported in the literature.The retention and transport of atrazine in soils;the influence of organic matter on atrazine sorption;the interactions of atrazine with humic substances,atrazine uptake by plants,atrazine bioccumulation and microbial degradation;atrazine transformation in composting environments;and finally atrazine removal by biosorption are discussed.
基金the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201503108)the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(No.2017WK2091)。
文摘Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic(iAs)enters into benthic fish;however,the metabolic process of dietborne i As in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear.This was a 40-day study on chronic dietborne i As[arsenite(AsⅢ)and arsenate(AsⅤ)]exposure in the benthic freshwater food fish,the crucian carp(Carassius auratus),which determined the temporal profiles of iAs metabolism and toxicokinetics during exposure.We found that an adaptive response occurred in the fish body after iAs dietary exposure,which was associated with decreased As accumulation and increased As transformation into a non-toxic As form(arsenobetaine).The bioavailability of dietary AsⅢwas lower than that of AsⅤ,probably because AsⅢhas a lower ability to pass through fish tissues.Dietary AsⅤexhibited a high potential for transformation into AsⅢspecies,which then accumulated in fish muscle.The largely produced AsⅢconsidered more toxic at the earlier stage of AsⅤexposure should attract sufficient attention to human exposure assessment.Therefore,the pristine As species and exposure duration had significant effects on As bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish.The behavior determined for dietborne arsenic in food fish is crucial for not only arsenic ecotoxicology but also food safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41763017)the Program Foundation of Institute for Scientific Research of Karst Area of NSFC-GZGOV (No.U1612442)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province (No.Qiankehe-[2018]2336)the Key Discipline Construction Project,Guizhou (No.ZDXK [2016]11)the Topclass Discipline Construction Project of Ecology in Guizhou Province (No.GNYL[2017]007)
文摘Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury（MeHg） in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites（a total of 124 paddy fields） in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg（THg） and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur（S）,selenium（Se）, organic matter（OM）, nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, mineral compositions（e.g., SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3） and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S（N）–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YW-420-3,KZCX2-YW-Q-02-05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20437020,20677074)
文摘The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in chicken tissues from an electronic waste （e-waste） recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight （lw） and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs （∑PBDEs） in the chicken tissue was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large difference of ∑PBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the ＂lipid-compartment＂. BDE-209 was the predominant congener （82.5%- 94.7% of ∑PBDEs） in all chicken tissues except in brain （34.7% of ∑PBDEs）, which indicated that deca-BDE （the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%-70% of total production） was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/（day.kg body weight （bw）） with a mean value of 13.5 ng/（day-kg bw）, which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstuffs.
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection Commonweal Project of China (No. NEPCP 200809098)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Lanzhou University (No. lzujbky-2009-65)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91025015)
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.
