Gall bladder cancer(GBC)remains a highly aggressive disease,with an overall 5-year dismal survival rate of 15%-20%.Its asymptomatic nature in very early stages and non-specific clinical presentations pose significant ...Gall bladder cancer(GBC)remains a highly aggressive disease,with an overall 5-year dismal survival rate of 15%-20%.Its asymptomatic nature in very early stages and non-specific clinical presentations pose significant challenges to timely detection.Consequently,GBC often presents late,making it one of the most challenging cancers to manage.Surgery offers the best chance for long-term survival;however,only 10%of GBC patients are candidates for upfront resection,with the majority presenting in locally advanced or metastatic stages.Further-more,GBC is generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,limiting the effectiveness of systemic therapy.Therefore,early diagnosis is crucial to offer the best treatment through surgical resection and to improve the outcome.Recent advancements in imaging technologies,biomarker discovery,and molecular diagnostics offer promising avenues for enhancing detection rates.Though non-invasive,most of them lack specificity,and the majority fail as an early diagnostic tool.This review examines the current status of early detection strategies for GBC,addresses the limitations of existing approaches,and explores the newer emer-ging diagnostic tools and techniques and how they can be exploited in future for its early detection.展开更多
Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is an exceptionally aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis.TNBC patients have limited treatment options beyond conventional chemotherapy,and they face significant ...Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is an exceptionally aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis.TNBC patients have limited treatment options beyond conventional chemotherapy,and they face significant challenges associated with disease recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy.The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation,growth,metabolism,and survival.Its aberrant activation is closely linked to the development and progression of TNBC,as well as treatment response and drug resistance.Currently,numerous targeted drugs specifically inhibiting this signaling pathway are being developed and undergoing clinical trials.These include inhibitors targeting PI3K,AKT,or mTOR individually,as well as dual-target or multi-target inhibitors simultaneously targeting different components of this pathway.Encouragingly,some inhibitors have demonstrated promising potential in clinical trials.This review delves into the therapeutic potential of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway for TNBC and explores prospects for drug discovery.展开更多
This paper introduced a GC-MS/MS analysis method and its application in bio-marker.By contrast,this method is specially good in inspecting a trace bio-marker determining the nature and fixing quantify.GC-MS/MS can ins...This paper introduced a GC-MS/MS analysis method and its application in bio-marker.By contrast,this method is specially good in inspecting a trace bio-marker determining the nature and fixing quantify.GC-MS/MS can inspect nor_cholestane(C27,24,21) which GC-MS can’t do.Very importantly,this new method provided new bio-marker parameter for an organic geochemistry study.展开更多
通过白令海北部陆坡区B2-9站位沉积物柱样高分辨率的生物标志物(菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮、n-C30-diol)提取和分析,获得了近1万年来浮游植物群落和初级生产力、高碳烷烃输入与陆源植被变化等相关记录,研究结果显示,全新世以来表层...通过白令海北部陆坡区B2-9站位沉积物柱样高分辨率的生物标志物(菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮、n-C30-diol)提取和分析,获得了近1万年来浮游植物群落和初级生产力、高碳烷烃输入与陆源植被变化等相关记录,研究结果显示,全新世以来表层浮游植物和初级生产力都经历了"高-低-高"的变化过程,并具有明显的阶段性,可能受控于陆架坡折处海冰的分布、上层海洋营养盐供应和全新世气候与环境的变迁;浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,硅藻是初级生产力的主要贡献者,甲藻次之,颗石藻和黄绿藻比前两者低了1个数量级,硅藻与甲藻之间具有明显的竞争关系,前者明显占据优势,是白令海有机碳汇的主要贡献者;正构烷烃总量分别在7.8 ka BP,6.7 ka BP和5.4 ka BP,经历了3次阶梯状的下降过程,并呈现出4个相对稳定的阶段,其主要受控于早全新世海平面上升以及周边陆地植被源区的气候与环境变化;正构烷烃分子组合特征显示其来自陆地高等植物、且陆源植被结构较为稳定,木本植物占据优势;单体碳同位素研究表明正构烷烃的主碳峰为n-C27,对烷烃总量的贡献最大,可能与当时陆源繁盛的木本植物及输入有关,含量较高的n-C23则可能主要来源于北半球沿海广泛分布的一类沉水植物。展开更多
文摘Gall bladder cancer(GBC)remains a highly aggressive disease,with an overall 5-year dismal survival rate of 15%-20%.Its asymptomatic nature in very early stages and non-specific clinical presentations pose significant challenges to timely detection.Consequently,GBC often presents late,making it one of the most challenging cancers to manage.Surgery offers the best chance for long-term survival;however,only 10%of GBC patients are candidates for upfront resection,with the majority presenting in locally advanced or metastatic stages.Further-more,GBC is generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,limiting the effectiveness of systemic therapy.Therefore,early diagnosis is crucial to offer the best treatment through surgical resection and to improve the outcome.Recent advancements in imaging technologies,biomarker discovery,and molecular diagnostics offer promising avenues for enhancing detection rates.Though non-invasive,most of them lack specificity,and the majority fail as an early diagnostic tool.This review examines the current status of early detection strategies for GBC,addresses the limitations of existing approaches,and explores the newer emer-ging diagnostic tools and techniques and how they can be exploited in future for its early detection.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Tai’an Science and Technology Agency,No.2019NS180.
文摘Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is an exceptionally aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis.TNBC patients have limited treatment options beyond conventional chemotherapy,and they face significant challenges associated with disease recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy.The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation,growth,metabolism,and survival.Its aberrant activation is closely linked to the development and progression of TNBC,as well as treatment response and drug resistance.Currently,numerous targeted drugs specifically inhibiting this signaling pathway are being developed and undergoing clinical trials.These include inhibitors targeting PI3K,AKT,or mTOR individually,as well as dual-target or multi-target inhibitors simultaneously targeting different components of this pathway.Encouragingly,some inhibitors have demonstrated promising potential in clinical trials.This review delves into the therapeutic potential of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway for TNBC and explores prospects for drug discovery.
文摘This paper introduced a GC-MS/MS analysis method and its application in bio-marker.By contrast,this method is specially good in inspecting a trace bio-marker determining the nature and fixing quantify.GC-MS/MS can inspect nor_cholestane(C27,24,21) which GC-MS can’t do.Very importantly,this new method provided new bio-marker parameter for an organic geochemistry study.
文摘通过白令海北部陆坡区B2-9站位沉积物柱样高分辨率的生物标志物(菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮、n-C30-diol)提取和分析,获得了近1万年来浮游植物群落和初级生产力、高碳烷烃输入与陆源植被变化等相关记录,研究结果显示,全新世以来表层浮游植物和初级生产力都经历了"高-低-高"的变化过程,并具有明显的阶段性,可能受控于陆架坡折处海冰的分布、上层海洋营养盐供应和全新世气候与环境的变迁;浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,硅藻是初级生产力的主要贡献者,甲藻次之,颗石藻和黄绿藻比前两者低了1个数量级,硅藻与甲藻之间具有明显的竞争关系,前者明显占据优势,是白令海有机碳汇的主要贡献者;正构烷烃总量分别在7.8 ka BP,6.7 ka BP和5.4 ka BP,经历了3次阶梯状的下降过程,并呈现出4个相对稳定的阶段,其主要受控于早全新世海平面上升以及周边陆地植被源区的气候与环境变化;正构烷烃分子组合特征显示其来自陆地高等植物、且陆源植被结构较为稳定,木本植物占据优势;单体碳同位素研究表明正构烷烃的主碳峰为n-C27,对烷烃总量的贡献最大,可能与当时陆源繁盛的木本植物及输入有关,含量较高的n-C23则可能主要来源于北半球沿海广泛分布的一类沉水植物。
