Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and below.There are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large ...Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and below.There are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large surface-to-volume ratio,high surface area,optical and electronic properties,high stability,easy synthesis,and tunable surface functionalization.More importantly,noble metal nanoparticles are known to have excellent compatibility with bio-materials,which is why they are widely used in biological applications.The synthesis method of noble metal nanoparticles conventionally involves the reduction of the noble metal salt precursor by toxic reaction agents such as NaBH4,hydrazine,and formaldehyde.This is a major drawback for researchers involved in biological application researches.Hence,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)by bio-materials via bio-reduction provides an alternative method to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles which are potentially non-toxic and safer for biological application.In this review,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticle including gold nanoparticle(AuNPs),silver nanoparticle(AgNPs),platinum nanoparticle(PtNPs),and palladium nanoparticle(PdNPs)are first discussed.This is followed by a discussion of these biosynthesized noble metal in biological applications including antimicrobial,wound healing,anticancer drug,and bioimaging.Based on these,it can be concluded that the study on bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles will expand further involving bio-reduction by unexplored bio-materials.However,many questions remain on the feasibility of bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles to replace existing methods on various biological applications.Nevertheless,the current development of the biological application by bio-synthesized noble metal NPs is still intensively ongoing,and will eventually reach the goal of full commercialization.展开更多
Objective： A novel portable and intelligent fluid resuscitation infuser is proposed in this paper. It satisfies the demands of long time use in harsh environment, such as traffic accident, natural disaster, battlefie...Objective： A novel portable and intelligent fluid resuscitation infuser is proposed in this paper. It satisfies the demands of long time use in harsh environment, such as traffic accident, natural disaster, battlefield, evacuation, pre-hospital emergency and so on. Methods： Miniature linear motor and liquid blood cartridge compose the pump body. It＇s based on the biological impedance method to measure and control, which resolve the disadvantage of traditional infuser device： large power dissipation, big size, AC power supply only and can＇t be use in field. The whole device weights 250 gram and sizes as two mobile phone together Results： Model device experiment shows： six number 7 standard AAA size alkaline batteries will run the pump for approximately 8-10 h at 6 liters per hour; IV bag can be placed at any position of patient, even under the stretcher. Conclusion： It provides accurate and reliable intravenous infusion for fwst-aid treatment in field.展开更多
Biological behavior is a hot issue in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) study. Positron emis-sion tomography (PET), a biological imaging technique, has been widely applied in many types of tumors. It is capable of noninv...Biological behavior is a hot issue in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) study. Positron emis-sion tomography (PET), a biological imaging technique, has been widely applied in many types of tumors. It is capable of noninvasive detection of biological behavior. Different radiotracers provide different information of HCC, including glucose/lipid metabolism, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis. In addition, radiotracer uptake relates to biological and clinical prognostic markers. In this article we review the application of several existing and novel radiotracers in PET in HCC study.展开更多
Bio-loggers are miniaturized autonomous devices that record quantitative data on the state of free-ranging ani-mals(e.g.behavior,position and physiology)and their natural environment.This is especially relevant for sp...Bio-loggers are miniaturized autonomous devices that record quantitative data on the state of free-ranging ani-mals(e.g.behavior,position and physiology)and their natural environment.This is especially relevant for spe-cies where direct visual observation is difficult or impossible.Today,ongoing technical development allows the monitoring of numerous parameters in an increasing range of species over extended periods.However,the ex-ternal attachment of devices might affect various aspects of animal performance(energetics,thermoregulation,foraging as well as social and reproductive behavior),which ultimately affect fitness.External attachment might also increase entanglement risk and the conspicuousness of animals,leaving them more vulnerable to preda-tion.By contrast,implantation of devices can mitigate many of these undesirable effects and might be prefera-ble,especially for long-term studies,provided that the many challenges associated with surgical procedures can be mastered.Implantation may then allow us to gather data that would be impossible to obtain otherwise and thereby may provide new and ecologically relevant insights into the life of wild animals.Here,we:(i)discuss the pros and cons of attachment methods;(ii)highlight recent field studies that used implanted bio-loggers to address eco-physiological questions in a wide range of species;and(iii)discuss logger implantation in light of ethical considerations.展开更多
The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus).From 2014 to 2019,during 6 separate research cruises,the dive behav...The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus).From 2014 to 2019,during 6 separate research cruises,the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags(DTAGs),generating≈190 h of data.Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime(day:32.6±18.7 m;night:6.2±2.7 m;P<0.01).During the night,most time was spent close to the surface(86%±9.4%;P<0.01)and at depths of less than 12 m.From 2016 to 2019,active acoustics(scientific echosounders)were used to record prey(euphausiids)density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data.Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day.The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also≈12 m.In recent decades,northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry.Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region.Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21536010).
文摘Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and below.There are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large surface-to-volume ratio,high surface area,optical and electronic properties,high stability,easy synthesis,and tunable surface functionalization.More importantly,noble metal nanoparticles are known to have excellent compatibility with bio-materials,which is why they are widely used in biological applications.The synthesis method of noble metal nanoparticles conventionally involves the reduction of the noble metal salt precursor by toxic reaction agents such as NaBH4,hydrazine,and formaldehyde.This is a major drawback for researchers involved in biological application researches.Hence,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)by bio-materials via bio-reduction provides an alternative method to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles which are potentially non-toxic and safer for biological application.In this review,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticle including gold nanoparticle(AuNPs),silver nanoparticle(AgNPs),platinum nanoparticle(PtNPs),and palladium nanoparticle(PdNPs)are first discussed.This is followed by a discussion of these biosynthesized noble metal in biological applications including antimicrobial,wound healing,anticancer drug,and bioimaging.Based on these,it can be concluded that the study on bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles will expand further involving bio-reduction by unexplored bio-materials.However,many questions remain on the feasibility of bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles to replace existing methods on various biological applications.Nevertheless,the current development of the biological application by bio-synthesized noble metal NPs is still intensively ongoing,and will eventually reach the goal of full commercialization.
基金Supported by the Second Batch of Projects of Army Medical Eleventh Five-Year Plan Research(08G084)Chongqing Key Scientific and Technological Projects(CSTC,2008AC5120)
文摘Objective： A novel portable and intelligent fluid resuscitation infuser is proposed in this paper. It satisfies the demands of long time use in harsh environment, such as traffic accident, natural disaster, battlefield, evacuation, pre-hospital emergency and so on. Methods： Miniature linear motor and liquid blood cartridge compose the pump body. It＇s based on the biological impedance method to measure and control, which resolve the disadvantage of traditional infuser device： large power dissipation, big size, AC power supply only and can＇t be use in field. The whole device weights 250 gram and sizes as two mobile phone together Results： Model device experiment shows： six number 7 standard AAA size alkaline batteries will run the pump for approximately 8-10 h at 6 liters per hour; IV bag can be placed at any position of patient, even under the stretcher. Conclusion： It provides accurate and reliable intravenous infusion for fwst-aid treatment in field.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30770607)
文摘Biological behavior is a hot issue in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) study. Positron emis-sion tomography (PET), a biological imaging technique, has been widely applied in many types of tumors. It is capable of noninvasive detection of biological behavior. Different radiotracers provide different information of HCC, including glucose/lipid metabolism, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis. In addition, radiotracer uptake relates to biological and clinical prognostic markers. In this article we review the application of several existing and novel radiotracers in PET in HCC study.
文摘Bio-loggers are miniaturized autonomous devices that record quantitative data on the state of free-ranging ani-mals(e.g.behavior,position and physiology)and their natural environment.This is especially relevant for spe-cies where direct visual observation is difficult or impossible.Today,ongoing technical development allows the monitoring of numerous parameters in an increasing range of species over extended periods.However,the ex-ternal attachment of devices might affect various aspects of animal performance(energetics,thermoregulation,foraging as well as social and reproductive behavior),which ultimately affect fitness.External attachment might also increase entanglement risk and the conspicuousness of animals,leaving them more vulnerable to preda-tion.By contrast,implantation of devices can mitigate many of these undesirable effects and might be prefera-ble,especially for long-term studies,provided that the many challenges associated with surgical procedures can be mastered.Implantation may then allow us to gather data that would be impossible to obtain otherwise and thereby may provide new and ecologically relevant insights into the life of wild animals.Here,we:(i)discuss the pros and cons of attachment methods;(ii)highlight recent field studies that used implanted bio-loggers to address eco-physiological questions in a wide range of species;and(iii)discuss logger implantation in light of ethical considerations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2016YFC0300802)the biodiversity investigation,observation and assessment program(2019-2023)of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaIndian Ocean Ninety-east Ridge Ecosystem and Marine Environment Monitoring and Protection,supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(no.DY135-E2-4).
文摘The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus).From 2014 to 2019,during 6 separate research cruises,the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags(DTAGs),generating≈190 h of data.Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime(day:32.6±18.7 m;night:6.2±2.7 m;P<0.01).During the night,most time was spent close to the surface(86%±9.4%;P<0.01)and at depths of less than 12 m.From 2016 to 2019,active acoustics(scientific echosounders)were used to record prey(euphausiids)density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data.Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day.The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also≈12 m.In recent decades,northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry.Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region.Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.
