Anammox is widely considered as the most cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal.However,how to achieve the enrichment of anammox biomass remains a challenge for its large-scale application,especia...Anammox is widely considered as the most cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal.However,how to achieve the enrichment of anammox biomass remains a challenge for its large-scale application,especially in mainstream wastewater treatment.In this study,the feasibility of enrichment of anammox biomass was explored through the realization of partial denitrification and the addition of bio-carriers.By using ordinary activated sludge,a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)followed by an up-fow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)was operated at 25±2℃ for 214 days.The long-term operation was divided into five phases,in which SBR and UASB were started-up in Phases I and II,respectively.By eliminating oxygen and adjusting the infow ratios in Phases III-V,advanced nitrogen removal was achieved with the effuent total nitrogen being 4.7 mg/L and the nitrogen removal efficiency being 90.5%in Phase V.Both in-situ and ex-situ activity tests demonstrated the occurrence of partial denitrification and anammox.Moreover,16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Candidatus Brocadia was enriched from below the detection limit to in biofilms(0.4%in SBR,2.2%in UASB)and the foc sludge(0.2%in SBR,1.3%in UASB),while Thauera was mainly detected in the foc sludge(8.1%in SBR,8.8%in UASB),which might play a key role in partial denitrification.Overall,this study provides a novel strategy to enrich anammox biomass driven by rapid achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers,which will improve large-scale application of anammox processes in mainstream wastewater treatment.展开更多
In order to enhance the biodecolorization rate and avoid the wash-out problems of redox mediators in continuous systems such as a fluidized bed reactor, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） beads modified with N- containing func...In order to enhance the biodecolorization rate and avoid the wash-out problems of redox mediators in continuous systems such as a fluidized bed reactor, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） beads modified with N- containing function groups were investigated and employed as a new sodium anthraquinone-2- sulfonate （AQS） carrier material. Elementary and XPS analyses confirm the existence of AQS on modified PVA bead. The modified PVA beads suit with immobilizing AQS better in adsorption capability and stability. AQS supported on modified PVA beads shows high catalytic activity for biodecolorization of reactive blue 13 in a long process （〉10 runs）.展开更多
Despite the promise of nanomedicines leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect for tumor targeting,their clinical translation remains hindered due to physiological barriers,rapid clearance,and poor...Despite the promise of nanomedicines leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect for tumor targeting,their clinical translation remains hindered due to physiological barriers,rapid clearance,and poor intratumoral diffusion.In situ self-assembly of nanomedicines within tumors offers a promising strategy to enhance tumor accumulation.However,significant challenges persist.Herein,our findings reveal that tumor-infiltrating erythrocytes demonstrate the capacity to endogenously synthesize self-assembled nanomedicine with clinically approved small-molecule drug.Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium VNP20009(VNP)can induce tumor-specific erythrocyte infiltration.Erythrocytes infiltrating the tumor site are phagocytosed by tumor cells and degraded into ferrous ions through the action of heme oxygenase.In the presence of zoledronic acid,ferrous irons interact with the zoledronic acid,resulting in the intracellular self-assembly of nanoparticles within tumor cells.These nanoparticles exhibit peroxidase-mimetic activity,and continuously catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within the tumor,ultimately inducing tumor cell apoptosis.Therefore,this bioengineered therapeutic strategy that harnesses erythrocyte phagocytosis to drive tumor-specific intracellular self-assembly of peroxidase-mimetic nanoparticles may open up new nanotechnology for drug delivery and improve antitumor therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22176007),the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.8212022)the fund of innovation and entrepreneurship leading team project in Guangzhou (No.CYLJTD-201607)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC3200605)。
文摘Anammox is widely considered as the most cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal.However,how to achieve the enrichment of anammox biomass remains a challenge for its large-scale application,especially in mainstream wastewater treatment.In this study,the feasibility of enrichment of anammox biomass was explored through the realization of partial denitrification and the addition of bio-carriers.By using ordinary activated sludge,a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)followed by an up-fow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)was operated at 25±2℃ for 214 days.The long-term operation was divided into five phases,in which SBR and UASB were started-up in Phases I and II,respectively.By eliminating oxygen and adjusting the infow ratios in Phases III-V,advanced nitrogen removal was achieved with the effuent total nitrogen being 4.7 mg/L and the nitrogen removal efficiency being 90.5%in Phase V.Both in-situ and ex-situ activity tests demonstrated the occurrence of partial denitrification and anammox.Moreover,16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Candidatus Brocadia was enriched from below the detection limit to in biofilms(0.4%in SBR,2.2%in UASB)and the foc sludge(0.2%in SBR,1.3%in UASB),while Thauera was mainly detected in the foc sludge(8.1%in SBR,8.8%in UASB),which might play a key role in partial denitrification.Overall,this study provides a novel strategy to enrich anammox biomass driven by rapid achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers,which will improve large-scale application of anammox processes in mainstream wastewater treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21276231,21476201,U1462201,and 21376216)
文摘In order to enhance the biodecolorization rate and avoid the wash-out problems of redox mediators in continuous systems such as a fluidized bed reactor, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） beads modified with N- containing function groups were investigated and employed as a new sodium anthraquinone-2- sulfonate （AQS） carrier material. Elementary and XPS analyses confirm the existence of AQS on modified PVA bead. The modified PVA beads suit with immobilizing AQS better in adsorption capability and stability. AQS supported on modified PVA beads shows high catalytic activity for biodecolorization of reactive blue 13 in a long process （〉10 runs）.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3401600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171372)+2 种基金Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project(No.XZ202202YD0029C)Special Funds of Life and Health Technology of Naning(No.202110020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82241054)。
文摘Despite the promise of nanomedicines leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect for tumor targeting,their clinical translation remains hindered due to physiological barriers,rapid clearance,and poor intratumoral diffusion.In situ self-assembly of nanomedicines within tumors offers a promising strategy to enhance tumor accumulation.However,significant challenges persist.Herein,our findings reveal that tumor-infiltrating erythrocytes demonstrate the capacity to endogenously synthesize self-assembled nanomedicine with clinically approved small-molecule drug.Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium VNP20009(VNP)can induce tumor-specific erythrocyte infiltration.Erythrocytes infiltrating the tumor site are phagocytosed by tumor cells and degraded into ferrous ions through the action of heme oxygenase.In the presence of zoledronic acid,ferrous irons interact with the zoledronic acid,resulting in the intracellular self-assembly of nanoparticles within tumor cells.These nanoparticles exhibit peroxidase-mimetic activity,and continuously catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within the tumor,ultimately inducing tumor cell apoptosis.Therefore,this bioengineered therapeutic strategy that harnesses erythrocyte phagocytosis to drive tumor-specific intracellular self-assembly of peroxidase-mimetic nanoparticles may open up new nanotechnology for drug delivery and improve antitumor therapy.
