In the era of emerging technologies, the transportation system is witnessing the introduction of innovative mobility services, such as autonomous vehicles, which possess unique service features that cannot be seen fro...In the era of emerging technologies, the transportation system is witnessing the introduction of innovative mobility services, such as autonomous vehicles, which possess unique service features that cannot be seen from conventional travel modes. To facilitate the understanding of the behavioral impacts and the adoption of innovative mobilities, a novel binary weibit model with an oddball alternative (BW-O) is developed for the binary choice between conventional and emerging mobilities. The BW-O model explicitly considers the unprecedented (or unique) service features of emerging travel modes while retaining the closed-form choice probability. This study empirically illustrates the application of the BW-O model in the mode choice context. The desirable properties of the BW-O model compared to the existing binary choice models are discussed both theoretically and empirically. In the binary mode choice problem with an emerging travel mode, the unique service features of the emerging mode can lead to the “oddball” effect and “superstar” effect, which play a critical role in the travel behavior and mode adoption. The BW-O model inherently captures both effects by considering a higher perception variance for the emerging mode and asymmetric choice probabilities between different modes. Thus, as revealed by the empirical results, the BW-O model outperforms the basic binary weibit model in terms of both model fit and predictive power. The developed BW-O model is not only applicable to the mode choice problem in transportation systems, but also opens a door for more general class-imbalanced binary choice contexts where an alternative has additional attractiveness and asymmetric choice probability.展开更多
Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competiti...Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competition for males and ornamentation in females. In the current article, I review the existing literature on this in a group of fishes, Poeciliidae. In this group, male mate choice appears to be based on differences in female quality, especially female size, which is a proxy for fecundity. Some males also have to choose between heterospecific and conspecific females in the unusual mating system of the Amazon molly. In this case, they typically show a preference for conspecific females. Whereas male mate choice is relatively well documented for this family, female ornamentation and female competition are not.展开更多
The article is devoted to decision-making in the control and design of autonomous heat supply systems with tubular gas heaters.The results of mathematical modelling and optimization of tubular gas heaters(TGN)are know...The article is devoted to decision-making in the control and design of autonomous heat supply systems with tubular gas heaters.The results of mathematical modelling and optimization of tubular gas heaters(TGN)are known.Tubular gas heaters are an extension of the term“infrared tubular gas heaters”.The main elements are:a gas burner,a tubular heater inside which gas combustion products with air move,and a mechanical fan(supply or exhaust),which ensures the movement of the coolant inside the tubular part and its removal outside.There are a number of new technical solutions that expand the scope of tubular gas heaters,for example,tubular gas heaters on pellets.Mathematical models of tubular heaters on pellets and solutions to the problems of optimal design of tubular heaters of linear structure are known.Another possible structure of tubular gas heaters is heaters with recirculation of the heating gas-air medium.Optimisation of such pellet heaters has not been performed before,which determined the subject of this paper.The article is devoted to the presentation of the method of optimization of the design solution for tubular heaters taking into account recirculation under the existing constraints.The novelty of the optimization lies in the use of a quasi-two-dimensional mathematical model for the hydraulic circuit of the heater.An evolutionary search algorithm with binary choice functions is used for numerical search of solutions,for which convergence with probability 1 to the optimal solution is shown.The algorithm contains two consecutive functions:the function of so-lution generation and the function of solution selection.The function of solution generation is built largely independently of the content of the problem to be solved,while the function of selection is built in such a way that the resulting binary selection relation is completely determined by the requirement of finding the necessary solution.The resulting binary selection relation includes both the selection components of the available constraints and the basic optimiztion requirement.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071174)Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(PolyU 15222221 and PolyU 15221922)+1 种基金Smart Cities Research Institute(CDA9)and the Research Institute of Land and Space(1-CD7N)at the Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitythe Chiang Mai University in Thailand.
文摘In the era of emerging technologies, the transportation system is witnessing the introduction of innovative mobility services, such as autonomous vehicles, which possess unique service features that cannot be seen from conventional travel modes. To facilitate the understanding of the behavioral impacts and the adoption of innovative mobilities, a novel binary weibit model with an oddball alternative (BW-O) is developed for the binary choice between conventional and emerging mobilities. The BW-O model explicitly considers the unprecedented (or unique) service features of emerging travel modes while retaining the closed-form choice probability. This study empirically illustrates the application of the BW-O model in the mode choice context. The desirable properties of the BW-O model compared to the existing binary choice models are discussed both theoretically and empirically. In the binary mode choice problem with an emerging travel mode, the unique service features of the emerging mode can lead to the “oddball” effect and “superstar” effect, which play a critical role in the travel behavior and mode adoption. The BW-O model inherently captures both effects by considering a higher perception variance for the emerging mode and asymmetric choice probabilities between different modes. Thus, as revealed by the empirical results, the BW-O model outperforms the basic binary weibit model in terms of both model fit and predictive power. The developed BW-O model is not only applicable to the mode choice problem in transportation systems, but also opens a door for more general class-imbalanced binary choice contexts where an alternative has additional attractiveness and asymmetric choice probability.
文摘Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competition for males and ornamentation in females. In the current article, I review the existing literature on this in a group of fishes, Poeciliidae. In this group, male mate choice appears to be based on differences in female quality, especially female size, which is a proxy for fecundity. Some males also have to choose between heterospecific and conspecific females in the unusual mating system of the Amazon molly. In this case, they typically show a preference for conspecific females. Whereas male mate choice is relatively well documented for this family, female ornamentation and female competition are not.
文摘The article is devoted to decision-making in the control and design of autonomous heat supply systems with tubular gas heaters.The results of mathematical modelling and optimization of tubular gas heaters(TGN)are known.Tubular gas heaters are an extension of the term“infrared tubular gas heaters”.The main elements are:a gas burner,a tubular heater inside which gas combustion products with air move,and a mechanical fan(supply or exhaust),which ensures the movement of the coolant inside the tubular part and its removal outside.There are a number of new technical solutions that expand the scope of tubular gas heaters,for example,tubular gas heaters on pellets.Mathematical models of tubular heaters on pellets and solutions to the problems of optimal design of tubular heaters of linear structure are known.Another possible structure of tubular gas heaters is heaters with recirculation of the heating gas-air medium.Optimisation of such pellet heaters has not been performed before,which determined the subject of this paper.The article is devoted to the presentation of the method of optimization of the design solution for tubular heaters taking into account recirculation under the existing constraints.The novelty of the optimization lies in the use of a quasi-two-dimensional mathematical model for the hydraulic circuit of the heater.An evolutionary search algorithm with binary choice functions is used for numerical search of solutions,for which convergence with probability 1 to the optimal solution is shown.The algorithm contains two consecutive functions:the function of so-lution generation and the function of solution selection.The function of solution generation is built largely independently of the content of the problem to be solved,while the function of selection is built in such a way that the resulting binary selection relation is completely determined by the requirement of finding the necessary solution.The resulting binary selection relation includes both the selection components of the available constraints and the basic optimiztion requirement.
