Black phosphorus (BP) as an uprising two-dimensional material exhibits attractive potential in the field of electrocatalysis due to the inherent advantages of high carrier mobility and abundant lone pair electrons.How...Black phosphorus (BP) as an uprising two-dimensional material exhibits attractive potential in the field of electrocatalysis due to the inherent advantages of high carrier mobility and abundant lone pair electrons.However,the exposed active electrons compel BP to be deactivated by oxidative degradation.Herein,the electronic signature of acceptor-donor heterointerfacial interactions between BP and Co_(3)O_(4)is realized via wet ball milling.The preferential migration of active electrons from BP to Co_(3)O_(4)is achieved at the heterointerface since the Fermi level of BP is higher than that of Co_(3)O_(4).Such relative energetic consideration promotes reasonable oxygen electrocatalytic active sites.Moreover,it significantly suppresses the oxidative degradation of BP.Consequently,the resulting Co_(3)O_(4)/BP heterojunction possesses superior oxygen bifunctional electrocatalytic activity than its parent catalysts.Most importantly,this work promotes an efficient route towards BP-based multifunctional catalysts.展开更多
Electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed metal moieties are of importance in enhancing electrocatalysis for a specific reaction including oxygen reduction. However, it is still challenging to modulate the coordinati...Electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed metal moieties are of importance in enhancing electrocatalysis for a specific reaction including oxygen reduction. However, it is still challenging to modulate the coordination structure of metal atoms with heteroatoms on carbon supports. Herein, an innovative and facile bridging strategy to regulate the coordination structure of cobalt with nitrogen atoms on reduced graphene oxide(r GO) sheets was developed by the interfacial complexation of amino-rich folic acid with cobalt ions on graphene oxide sheets and the subsequent thermal treatment. Typically, the actual coordination interaction between cobalt and nitrogen species was revealed by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS), exhibiting the Co-N_(4) coordination structure well-dispersed on reduced graphene oxide.Such unique structure enables the efficient oxygen reduction and evolution reactions via the favorable adsorption and desorption of intermediates. With the enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic activities,the fabricated Zn-air battery exhibited the excellent performance with large power density of 319.8 mW cm^(-2) and good long-term stability(over 300 h). This work establishes the synthesis strategy for bridging metal atom with heteroatom on graphene sheets to enhance the bifunctional electrocatalysis toward Zn-air batteries.展开更多
Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic materials.However,conventional water electrolysi...Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic materials.However,conventional water electrolysis systems based on cobalt-based monofunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)or oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts have certain shortcomings in terms of resource utilization and universality.In contrast,cobalt-based bifunctional catalysts(CBCs)have attracted much attention in recent years for overall water splitting systems because of their practicality and reduced preparation cost of electrolyzer.This review aims to address the latest development in CBCs for total hydrolysis.The main modification strategies of CBCs are systematically classified in water electrolysis to provide an overview of how to regulate their morphology and electronic configuration.Then,the catalytic performance of CBCs in total-hydrolysis is summarized according to the types of cobalt-based phosphides,sulfides and oxides,and the mechanism of strengthened electrocatalytic ability is emphasized through combining experiments and theoretical calculations.Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on exploring the dynamic conversion of reaction intermediates and building near-industrial CBCs,designing advanced CBC materials through micro-modulation,and addressing commercial applications.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with vacancies/defects have been developed as highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts but with poor activity for OER,which limits their application in rechargeable metal-air batteries.Fil...Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with vacancies/defects have been developed as highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts but with poor activity for OER,which limits their application in rechargeable metal-air batteries.Filling the vacancies/defects with heteroatoms is expected to be an effective strategy to obtain surprising catalytic activities and improve their stability especially under the strongly oxidizing conditions during the OER process.Herein,we successfully transformed the defect-rich 3 D carbon nanosheets(DCN)into a bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalyst(DCN-M)by utilizing the in-situ generated vacancies to capture metal cations via a modified salt-sealed strategy.By varying the metal(Fe,Ni)content,the captured metal cations in DCN-M existed in different chemical states,i.e.,metal atoms were stabilized by CàN bonds at low metal contents,while at high metal contents,bimetal particles were covered by graphene layers,taking responsibility for catalyzing the ORR and OER,respectively.In addition,the in-situ formed graphene layers with an interconnected structure facilitate the electron transport during the reactions.The Janus-feature of DCN-M in structures ensures superior bifunctional activity and good stability towards ORR/OER for the rechargeable Zn-air battery.This work provides an effective strategy to design multifunctional electrocatalysts by heteroatom filling into vacancies of carbon materials.展开更多
The demand for efficient and environmentally-benign electrocatalysts that help availably harness the renewable energy resources is growing rapidly. In recent years, increasing insights into the design of water electro...The demand for efficient and environmentally-benign electrocatalysts that help availably harness the renewable energy resources is growing rapidly. In recent years, increasing insights into the design of water electrolysers, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries emerge in response to the need for developing sustainable energy carriers, in which the oxygen evolution reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction play key roles. However, both reactions suffer from sluggish kinetics that restricts the reactivity. Therefore, it is vital to probe into the structure of the catalysts to exploit high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. Spinel-type catalysts are a class of materials with advantages of versatility, low toxicity, low expense, high abundance, flexible ion arrangement, and multivalence structure. In this review, we afford a basic overview of spinel-type materials and then introduce the relevant theoretical principles for electrocatalytic activity, following that we shed light on the structure–property relationship strategies for spinel-type catalysts including electronic structure, microstructure, phase and composition regulation,and coupling with electrically conductive supports. We elaborate the relationship between structure and property, in order to provide some insights into the design of spinel-type bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.展开更多
A challenging but very important task is the development of efficient and cost effective non-noble metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent kinetics for overall water splitting.Improving the catalyst’...A challenging but very important task is the development of efficient and cost effective non-noble metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent kinetics for overall water splitting.Improving the catalyst’s electronic structure,optimizing intermediate adsorption,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics are crucial for enhancing reaction efficiency.In this study,we prepared three-dimensional structured V-doped CoP grown in situ on MXene by one-step hydrothermal and controlled phosphorylation(defined as V-CoP/MXene@NF).The V doping not only optimises the electronic conductivity,but also creates a strong synergistic effect between the MXene and V-CoP components,enriching the active sites of the catalysts.The V-CoP/MXene@NF electrocatalyst can achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)in 1.0 M KOH solution,with overpotentials of 78 and 223 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively.For overall water splitting,we used the catalyst as an anode and cathode assembly in an electrolytic cell,which could drive a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)with an overpotential of only 1.56 V and excellent durability.This work provides new ideas for designing novel MXene-based non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries have attracted extensive attention as clean,safe,and high-efficient en-ergy storage devices.However,the oxygen redox reactions at cathode are highly sluggish in kinetics and severely li...Rechargeable zinc-air batteries have attracted extensive attention as clean,safe,and high-efficient en-ergy storage devices.However,the oxygen redox reactions at cathode are highly sluggish in kinetics and severely limit the actual battery performance.Atomic transition metal sites demonstrate high electro-catalytic activity towards respective oxygen reduction and evolution,while high bifunctional electro-catalytic activity is seldomly achieved.Herein a strategy of composing atomic transition metal sites is proposed to fabricate high active bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and high-performance recharge-able zinc-air batteries.Concretely,atomic Fe and Ni sites are composed based on their respective high electrocatalytic activity on oxygen reduction and evolution.The composite electrocatalyst demonstrates high bifunctional electrocatalytic activity(ΔE=0.72 V)and exceeds noble-metal-based Pt/C+Ir/C(ΔE=0.79 V).Accordingly,rechargeable zinc-air batteries with the composite electrocatalyst realize over 100 stable cycles at 25 mA cm-2.This work affords an effective strategy to fabricate bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable zinc-air batteries.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have gained extensive research attention as a promising sustainable energy technology due to their considerable theoretical specific energy density,low toxicity,abundant availabili...Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have gained extensive research attention as a promising sustainable energy technology due to their considerable theoretical specific energy density,low toxicity,abundant availability,and robust safety features.However,the practical implementation of ZABs still faces challenges,primarily attributed to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen-involved reactions,including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during the discharge and charge process.Therefore,searching for efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial to address these challenges.Dual-atom catalysts(DACs),an extension of singleatom catalysts(SACs),exhibit flexible architectures that allow for the combination of homogeneous and/or heterogeneous active sites,making them highly attractive for improving bifunctional activity.In this review,we first introduce the basic framework of ZABs and the structural characteristics of DACs.Subsequently,we organize the research progress on applying DACs in liquid and solid-state ZABs and elaborate on their unique catalytic mechanism.Finally,we highlight the challenges and future research directions for further innovation of DACs in ZABs.In summary,this review highlights the advantages of DACs compared with SACs used as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and provides a reference for the broad applications of DACs in energy conversion and storage.展开更多
It is a great challenge to develop highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with superior durability.In this study,a NiFe layered double hydroxidedecorated phosphide(NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3))was constr...It is a great challenge to develop highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with superior durability.In this study,a NiFe layered double hydroxidedecorated phosphide(NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3))was constructed to display satisfactory OER activity and good stability for water splitting in alkaline media.At an overpotential of 300 mV,NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) achieved a current density of 82 mA cm^(-2) for the OER,which was 9.1 and 2.3 times that of CoP/NiP_(3) and NiFe LDH,respectively.Moreover,the reconstruction behavior,during which oxyhydroxides formed,was studied by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.A synergistic effect between NiFe LDH and CoP/NiP_(3) was also observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction.Furthermore,when NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) acted as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) was maintained for more than 275 h.In addition,under Xe light irradiation,a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 9.89% was achieved for solar-driven water splitting.This work presents the coupling of different active compositions,and can provide a reference for designing bifunctional electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62004143)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2021CFB133)+5 种基金the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project (No. 2020ZYYD033)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Rare Mineral,Ministry of Natural Resources (No. KLRM-KF 202005)the Innovation Project of Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education (No. LCX2021003)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST), Ministry of Education (No. 2021JYBKF05)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education of Wuhan Institute of Technology (No. GCP202101)the 13th Graduate Education Innovation Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology。
文摘Black phosphorus (BP) as an uprising two-dimensional material exhibits attractive potential in the field of electrocatalysis due to the inherent advantages of high carrier mobility and abundant lone pair electrons.However,the exposed active electrons compel BP to be deactivated by oxidative degradation.Herein,the electronic signature of acceptor-donor heterointerfacial interactions between BP and Co_(3)O_(4)is realized via wet ball milling.The preferential migration of active electrons from BP to Co_(3)O_(4)is achieved at the heterointerface since the Fermi level of BP is higher than that of Co_(3)O_(4).Such relative energetic consideration promotes reasonable oxygen electrocatalytic active sites.Moreover,it significantly suppresses the oxidative degradation of BP.Consequently,the resulting Co_(3)O_(4)/BP heterojunction possesses superior oxygen bifunctional electrocatalytic activity than its parent catalysts.Most importantly,this work promotes an efficient route towards BP-based multifunctional catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22175108)the Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020JQ09)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (tsqn20161004)the Project for Scientific Research Innovation Team of Young Scholar in Colleges,the Universities of Shandong Province (2019KJC025)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (ZY202006)。
文摘Electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed metal moieties are of importance in enhancing electrocatalysis for a specific reaction including oxygen reduction. However, it is still challenging to modulate the coordination structure of metal atoms with heteroatoms on carbon supports. Herein, an innovative and facile bridging strategy to regulate the coordination structure of cobalt with nitrogen atoms on reduced graphene oxide(r GO) sheets was developed by the interfacial complexation of amino-rich folic acid with cobalt ions on graphene oxide sheets and the subsequent thermal treatment. Typically, the actual coordination interaction between cobalt and nitrogen species was revealed by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS), exhibiting the Co-N_(4) coordination structure well-dispersed on reduced graphene oxide.Such unique structure enables the efficient oxygen reduction and evolution reactions via the favorable adsorption and desorption of intermediates. With the enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic activities,the fabricated Zn-air battery exhibited the excellent performance with large power density of 319.8 mW cm^(-2) and good long-term stability(over 300 h). This work establishes the synthesis strategy for bridging metal atom with heteroatom on graphene sheets to enhance the bifunctional electrocatalysis toward Zn-air batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572166,52102070)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(GZ2020012)+4 种基金the Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory(2021PE0AC02)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702073)BAJC R&D Fund Projects(BA23011)Australian Research Council Future Fellowships(FT230100436)the Shanghai Technical Service Center for Advanced Ceramics Structure Design and Precision Manufacturing(20DZ2294000)。
文摘Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic materials.However,conventional water electrolysis systems based on cobalt-based monofunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)or oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts have certain shortcomings in terms of resource utilization and universality.In contrast,cobalt-based bifunctional catalysts(CBCs)have attracted much attention in recent years for overall water splitting systems because of their practicality and reduced preparation cost of electrolyzer.This review aims to address the latest development in CBCs for total hydrolysis.The main modification strategies of CBCs are systematically classified in water electrolysis to provide an overview of how to regulate their morphology and electronic configuration.Then,the catalytic performance of CBCs in total-hydrolysis is summarized according to the types of cobalt-based phosphides,sulfides and oxides,and the mechanism of strengthened electrocatalytic ability is emphasized through combining experiments and theoretical calculations.Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on exploring the dynamic conversion of reaction intermediates and building near-industrial CBCs,designing advanced CBC materials through micro-modulation,and addressing commercial applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776146)the Key Research and Development Programme of Shandong Province(2019JZZY010905)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(ts201712046)。
文摘Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with vacancies/defects have been developed as highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts but with poor activity for OER,which limits their application in rechargeable metal-air batteries.Filling the vacancies/defects with heteroatoms is expected to be an effective strategy to obtain surprising catalytic activities and improve their stability especially under the strongly oxidizing conditions during the OER process.Herein,we successfully transformed the defect-rich 3 D carbon nanosheets(DCN)into a bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalyst(DCN-M)by utilizing the in-situ generated vacancies to capture metal cations via a modified salt-sealed strategy.By varying the metal(Fe,Ni)content,the captured metal cations in DCN-M existed in different chemical states,i.e.,metal atoms were stabilized by CàN bonds at low metal contents,while at high metal contents,bimetal particles were covered by graphene layers,taking responsibility for catalyzing the ORR and OER,respectively.In addition,the in-situ formed graphene layers with an interconnected structure facilitate the electron transport during the reactions.The Janus-feature of DCN-M in structures ensures superior bifunctional activity and good stability towards ORR/OER for the rechargeable Zn-air battery.This work provides an effective strategy to design multifunctional electrocatalysts by heteroatom filling into vacancies of carbon materials.
基金supported by the Natural Scientific Foundation of China (21825501)National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFA0202500 and 2016YFA0200102)+1 种基金Australian Research Council (DP160103107, FT170100224)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program。
文摘The demand for efficient and environmentally-benign electrocatalysts that help availably harness the renewable energy resources is growing rapidly. In recent years, increasing insights into the design of water electrolysers, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries emerge in response to the need for developing sustainable energy carriers, in which the oxygen evolution reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction play key roles. However, both reactions suffer from sluggish kinetics that restricts the reactivity. Therefore, it is vital to probe into the structure of the catalysts to exploit high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. Spinel-type catalysts are a class of materials with advantages of versatility, low toxicity, low expense, high abundance, flexible ion arrangement, and multivalence structure. In this review, we afford a basic overview of spinel-type materials and then introduce the relevant theoretical principles for electrocatalytic activity, following that we shed light on the structure–property relationship strategies for spinel-type catalysts including electronic structure, microstructure, phase and composition regulation,and coupling with electrically conductive supports. We elaborate the relationship between structure and property, in order to provide some insights into the design of spinel-type bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.
基金Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)(No.2023CXGC010303)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.GZC20231195 and GZC20240772)+3 种基金Qingdao Postdoctoral Funding Project(No.QDBSH20240102087)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation project(Nos.24-4-4-zrjj-19-jch and 24-4-4-zrjj-82-jch)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(No.S202410426042)Authors from the KSU thank the Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSPD2025R981),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia for the support.
文摘A challenging but very important task is the development of efficient and cost effective non-noble metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent kinetics for overall water splitting.Improving the catalyst’s electronic structure,optimizing intermediate adsorption,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics are crucial for enhancing reaction efficiency.In this study,we prepared three-dimensional structured V-doped CoP grown in situ on MXene by one-step hydrothermal and controlled phosphorylation(defined as V-CoP/MXene@NF).The V doping not only optimises the electronic conductivity,but also creates a strong synergistic effect between the MXene and V-CoP components,enriching the active sites of the catalysts.The V-CoP/MXene@NF electrocatalyst can achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)in 1.0 M KOH solution,with overpotentials of 78 and 223 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively.For overall water splitting,we used the catalyst as an anode and cathode assembly in an electrolytic cell,which could drive a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)with an overpotential of only 1.56 V and excellent durability.This work provides new ideas for designing novel MXene-based non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22109007)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,and the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electric Bandgap Materials,Ministry of Education(grant No.PEBM202115).
文摘Rechargeable zinc-air batteries have attracted extensive attention as clean,safe,and high-efficient en-ergy storage devices.However,the oxygen redox reactions at cathode are highly sluggish in kinetics and severely limit the actual battery performance.Atomic transition metal sites demonstrate high electro-catalytic activity towards respective oxygen reduction and evolution,while high bifunctional electro-catalytic activity is seldomly achieved.Herein a strategy of composing atomic transition metal sites is proposed to fabricate high active bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and high-performance recharge-able zinc-air batteries.Concretely,atomic Fe and Ni sites are composed based on their respective high electrocatalytic activity on oxygen reduction and evolution.The composite electrocatalyst demonstrates high bifunctional electrocatalytic activity(ΔE=0.72 V)and exceeds noble-metal-based Pt/C+Ir/C(ΔE=0.79 V).Accordingly,rechargeable zinc-air batteries with the composite electrocatalyst realize over 100 stable cycles at 25 mA cm-2.This work affords an effective strategy to fabricate bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable zinc-air batteries.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(PDFS2223-5S03 and PDFS2122-5S02)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(YWA1,YWB6,ZE2F,CDBG,and WZ5L).
文摘Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have gained extensive research attention as a promising sustainable energy technology due to their considerable theoretical specific energy density,low toxicity,abundant availability,and robust safety features.However,the practical implementation of ZABs still faces challenges,primarily attributed to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen-involved reactions,including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during the discharge and charge process.Therefore,searching for efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial to address these challenges.Dual-atom catalysts(DACs),an extension of singleatom catalysts(SACs),exhibit flexible architectures that allow for the combination of homogeneous and/or heterogeneous active sites,making them highly attractive for improving bifunctional activity.In this review,we first introduce the basic framework of ZABs and the structural characteristics of DACs.Subsequently,we organize the research progress on applying DACs in liquid and solid-state ZABs and elaborate on their unique catalytic mechanism.Finally,we highlight the challenges and future research directions for further innovation of DACs in ZABs.In summary,this review highlights the advantages of DACs compared with SACs used as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and provides a reference for the broad applications of DACs in energy conversion and storage.
基金financially supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2017TP1001 and2020JJ4710)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0704100)the State Key Laboratory Fund。
文摘It is a great challenge to develop highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with superior durability.In this study,a NiFe layered double hydroxidedecorated phosphide(NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3))was constructed to display satisfactory OER activity and good stability for water splitting in alkaline media.At an overpotential of 300 mV,NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) achieved a current density of 82 mA cm^(-2) for the OER,which was 9.1 and 2.3 times that of CoP/NiP_(3) and NiFe LDH,respectively.Moreover,the reconstruction behavior,during which oxyhydroxides formed,was studied by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.A synergistic effect between NiFe LDH and CoP/NiP_(3) was also observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction.Furthermore,when NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) acted as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) was maintained for more than 275 h.In addition,under Xe light irradiation,a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 9.89% was achieved for solar-driven water splitting.This work presents the coupling of different active compositions,and can provide a reference for designing bifunctional electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209121,21975183,22279150,51825205,and 22088102)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222080)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS(Y2021011)。
