With the rapid development of society and economy, the market of power engineering construction is expanding continuously, and all enterprises and units are participating in bidding activities more and more actively. ...With the rapid development of society and economy, the market of power engineering construction is expanding continuously, and all enterprises and units are participating in bidding activities more and more actively. Through participating in the work of several power construction projects, and through analyzing the key points of the establishment of the maximum bid price limit in the power industry, this paper aims to establish a reasonable and feasible price limit for bidding and provide specific guidance, which will provide a certain reference for the establishment of the maximum bid price limit for similar projects in the power industry.展开更多
The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tenderi...The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.展开更多
In the 21st century, especially after the accession to WTO, Construction project bidding price formation mechanism is the main characteristics of the market price of the Construction project is divided in a unified, u...In the 21st century, especially after the accession to WTO, Construction project bidding price formation mechanism is the main characteristics of the market price of the Construction project is divided in a unified, uniform measurement unit, unified in terms of engineering and consumption of fixed rules on the basis of the implementation of market, competition fees.The first to be carried out not only the financial decision-making, corporate contractors in accordance with the different ways, according to market conditions, its technology, economic strength, through the financial decision-making self-quotation. Second, it is necessary to exercise effective control, both the Construction project bidding price by the form of the contract price is fixed.By design, material procurement, construction management on the implementation of bidding for the effective control of prices.展开更多
In this paper, a tractable solution is proposed to integrate, to a certain extent, market liquidity risk in the portfolio selection process. It is shown how an investor may take advantage of this additional risk sourc...In this paper, a tractable solution is proposed to integrate, to a certain extent, market liquidity risk in the portfolio selection process. It is shown how an investor may take advantage of this additional risk source within the standard mean-variance optimization framework, by in certain circumstances overcoming the pitfalls of illiquidity and in others seizing a liquidity premium. Bid prices appear effective to capture liquidity risk. The efficient frontier conceived with bid prices consists of mean-variance optimal allocations that cover more liquid stocks （large caps） under stressed market conditions and less liquid stocks （small caps） under normal conditions.展开更多
The clearing price and bidding price in electricity market are two key indicators to measure whether it is reasonable or not. Based on the grey incidence analysis, this paper studies the correlation coefficient betwee...The clearing price and bidding price in electricity market are two key indicators to measure whether it is reasonable or not. Based on the grey incidence analysis, this paper studies the correlation coefficient between the clearing price and bidding price with the generation cost, the supervision and rules of the market, the supply and demand situation, the behavior of market members over the same period, which is based on the actual data of the trans-provincial centralized trading market of East China Power Grid. The results show that the factors affecting the clearing price and bidding price from largest to smallest are generation cost, supervision and rules of the market, the supply and demand situation, the behavior of market members. The conclusion is that the trans-provincial trading platform of East China Power Grid is a reasonable regional market which can discover the market cost, and regulate the market supply and demand balance, and promote healthy competition.展开更多
Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pric...Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pricing of China is therefore presented in this paper. The es EVE method is different from two part and one part tariffs. It is more like the UK's method in form, but revised for China with some new concepts and procedure. The main contributions of it include: (1) Find two kinds of eigenvalue, namely EVEs, in an optimization model, (2) Define new concepts of virtual units and feasible region, (3) Twice merit orderings are employed successively to find marginal price. They are simple maximum and minimum comparison procedures and so on. The special economic significance of the method for China is discussed, and some suggestion for ESI restructuring based on es EVE method are provided. A case study is offered at the end of the paper.展开更多
This paper mainly talks about the main layer analytical method, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP) method of a deeper connotation, and further discusses its application in bidding qu...This paper mainly talks about the main layer analytical method, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP) method of a deeper connotation, and further discusses its application in bidding quotation for petroleum geophysical prospecting project. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) integrates many merits of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation organically. It determines the weight of each affecting factor using analytic hierarchy process at first, and then uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to determine each scheme index. FAHP can effectively enhance the decision-making efficiency.展开更多
The deregulation of electric power industries is introducing around the world and electric power markets are operated under the deregulation. Also in Japan, JEPX (Japan Electric Power Exchange) operates a day-ahead ma...The deregulation of electric power industries is introducing around the world and electric power markets are operated under the deregulation. Also in Japan, JEPX (Japan Electric Power Exchange) operates a day-ahead market since April 2005. We have already analyzed the electric power market prices in the several markets including JEPX by autoregressive models. We compose simple regression equations, of which a dependent variable is the market price and explanatory variables are the demand and the market price of 24 hours ago. In this paper, we analyze JEPX price data in summer seasons from 2007 to 2013. In this period, the JEPX price is affected by many social phenomena such as Lehman Shock and East Japan earthquake disasters. We compare the determination coefficient and the coefficients of regression and investigate the change of coefficients over the years.展开更多
The primary objective of this research article is to introduce Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm for solving bidding strategy in deregulated power market. Suppliers (GENCOs) and consumers (DISCOs) participate in t...The primary objective of this research article is to introduce Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm for solving bidding strategy in deregulated power market. Suppliers (GENCOs) and consumers (DISCOs) participate in the bidding process in order to maximize the profit of suppliers and benefits of the consumers. Each supplier bids strategically by choosing the bidding coefficients to counter the competitors bidding strategy. Electricity or electric power is traded through bidding in the power exchange. GENCOs sell energy to power exchange and in turn ancillary services to Independent System Operator (ISO). In this paper, Differential Evolution algorithm is proposed for solving bidding strategy problem in operation of power system under deregulated environment. An IEEE 30 bus system with six generators and two large consumers is employed to demonstrate the proposed technique. The results show the adaptability of the proposed method compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Monte Carlo simulation in terms of Market Clearing Price (MCP).展开更多
投标竞价是未来储能电站作为独立市场主体参与电力系统调频的主要方式。市场出清价格预测、考虑中标率的容量确定方法以及荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)利用率是投标竞价中的关键因素,该文提出一种可以保证中标率同时提升收益率的日前...投标竞价是未来储能电站作为独立市场主体参与电力系统调频的主要方式。市场出清价格预测、考虑中标率的容量确定方法以及荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)利用率是投标竞价中的关键因素,该文提出一种可以保证中标率同时提升收益率的日前市场双目标优化投标策略。首先,在日前通过基于注意力机制的门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络预测模型预测调频出清价格与电价,使用概率距离快速削减法生成典型调频信号集来模拟调频信号的不确定性。其次,对储能电站调频容量成本与里程成本进行核算,确定调频收益的结算方式,在日前市场提出以提升中标率和收益率为目标的双目标投标策略。该策略能够指导储能电站投标报价并确定调频容量。同时在此策略中考虑SOC利用率,根据典型调频信号集设置初始SOC范围,以提升电站收益。然后,在实时阶段引入偏差考核,滚动优化调频容量。最后,通过算例分析验证所提策略可以使储能电站二次调频成本降低0.88%,成本收益率提高0.61%,有利于激励更多储能电站参与调频辅助服务市场。展开更多
当前全国电力市场和碳交易市场正在同步改革,虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)内部聚合的各类分布式资源不断增多,VPP参与市场的角度出现转变。为研究VPP在电碳联合市场下兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞标策略,将VPP作为价格制定者,提出电碳...当前全国电力市场和碳交易市场正在同步改革,虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)内部聚合的各类分布式资源不断增多,VPP参与市场的角度出现转变。为研究VPP在电碳联合市场下兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞标策略,将VPP作为价格制定者,提出电碳联合市场下考虑风光不确定性的双层竞标模型。首先,对VPP的运营结构与VPP参与电碳联合市场的机制进行介绍与分析。其次,在此基础上构建上层以VPP参与电碳联合市场时自身收益最大为目标,下层以电碳联合市场的社会福利最大化为目标的双层竞标模型。然后,针对VPP内部资源中风光出力的不确定性,采用鲁棒优化理论进行处理,将VPP双层竞价模型转化为两阶段鲁棒优化模型。最后,通过应用列与约束生成算法、强对偶理论和Big-M法,将问题转化为混合整数线性规划进行求解。算例结果验证了竞标策略的可行性和有效性。展开更多
文摘With the rapid development of society and economy, the market of power engineering construction is expanding continuously, and all enterprises and units are participating in bidding activities more and more actively. Through participating in the work of several power construction projects, and through analyzing the key points of the establishment of the maximum bid price limit in the power industry, this paper aims to establish a reasonable and feasible price limit for bidding and provide specific guidance, which will provide a certain reference for the establishment of the maximum bid price limit for similar projects in the power industry.
文摘The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.
文摘In the 21st century, especially after the accession to WTO, Construction project bidding price formation mechanism is the main characteristics of the market price of the Construction project is divided in a unified, uniform measurement unit, unified in terms of engineering and consumption of fixed rules on the basis of the implementation of market, competition fees.The first to be carried out not only the financial decision-making, corporate contractors in accordance with the different ways, according to market conditions, its technology, economic strength, through the financial decision-making self-quotation. Second, it is necessary to exercise effective control, both the Construction project bidding price by the form of the contract price is fixed.By design, material procurement, construction management on the implementation of bidding for the effective control of prices.
文摘In this paper, a tractable solution is proposed to integrate, to a certain extent, market liquidity risk in the portfolio selection process. It is shown how an investor may take advantage of this additional risk source within the standard mean-variance optimization framework, by in certain circumstances overcoming the pitfalls of illiquidity and in others seizing a liquidity premium. Bid prices appear effective to capture liquidity risk. The efficient frontier conceived with bid prices consists of mean-variance optimal allocations that cover more liquid stocks （large caps） under stressed market conditions and less liquid stocks （small caps） under normal conditions.
文摘The clearing price and bidding price in electricity market are two key indicators to measure whether it is reasonable or not. Based on the grey incidence analysis, this paper studies the correlation coefficient between the clearing price and bidding price with the generation cost, the supervision and rules of the market, the supply and demand situation, the behavior of market members over the same period, which is based on the actual data of the trans-provincial centralized trading market of East China Power Grid. The results show that the factors affecting the clearing price and bidding price from largest to smallest are generation cost, supervision and rules of the market, the supply and demand situation, the behavior of market members. The conclusion is that the trans-provincial trading platform of East China Power Grid is a reasonable regional market which can discover the market cost, and regulate the market supply and demand balance, and promote healthy competition.
文摘Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pricing of China is therefore presented in this paper. The es EVE method is different from two part and one part tariffs. It is more like the UK's method in form, but revised for China with some new concepts and procedure. The main contributions of it include: (1) Find two kinds of eigenvalue, namely EVEs, in an optimization model, (2) Define new concepts of virtual units and feasible region, (3) Twice merit orderings are employed successively to find marginal price. They are simple maximum and minimum comparison procedures and so on. The special economic significance of the method for China is discussed, and some suggestion for ESI restructuring based on es EVE method are provided. A case study is offered at the end of the paper.
文摘This paper mainly talks about the main layer analytical method, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP) method of a deeper connotation, and further discusses its application in bidding quotation for petroleum geophysical prospecting project. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) integrates many merits of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation organically. It determines the weight of each affecting factor using analytic hierarchy process at first, and then uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to determine each scheme index. FAHP can effectively enhance the decision-making efficiency.
文摘The deregulation of electric power industries is introducing around the world and electric power markets are operated under the deregulation. Also in Japan, JEPX (Japan Electric Power Exchange) operates a day-ahead market since April 2005. We have already analyzed the electric power market prices in the several markets including JEPX by autoregressive models. We compose simple regression equations, of which a dependent variable is the market price and explanatory variables are the demand and the market price of 24 hours ago. In this paper, we analyze JEPX price data in summer seasons from 2007 to 2013. In this period, the JEPX price is affected by many social phenomena such as Lehman Shock and East Japan earthquake disasters. We compare the determination coefficient and the coefficients of regression and investigate the change of coefficients over the years.
文摘The primary objective of this research article is to introduce Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm for solving bidding strategy in deregulated power market. Suppliers (GENCOs) and consumers (DISCOs) participate in the bidding process in order to maximize the profit of suppliers and benefits of the consumers. Each supplier bids strategically by choosing the bidding coefficients to counter the competitors bidding strategy. Electricity or electric power is traded through bidding in the power exchange. GENCOs sell energy to power exchange and in turn ancillary services to Independent System Operator (ISO). In this paper, Differential Evolution algorithm is proposed for solving bidding strategy problem in operation of power system under deregulated environment. An IEEE 30 bus system with six generators and two large consumers is employed to demonstrate the proposed technique. The results show the adaptability of the proposed method compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Monte Carlo simulation in terms of Market Clearing Price (MCP).
文摘投标竞价是未来储能电站作为独立市场主体参与电力系统调频的主要方式。市场出清价格预测、考虑中标率的容量确定方法以及荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)利用率是投标竞价中的关键因素,该文提出一种可以保证中标率同时提升收益率的日前市场双目标优化投标策略。首先,在日前通过基于注意力机制的门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络预测模型预测调频出清价格与电价,使用概率距离快速削减法生成典型调频信号集来模拟调频信号的不确定性。其次,对储能电站调频容量成本与里程成本进行核算,确定调频收益的结算方式,在日前市场提出以提升中标率和收益率为目标的双目标投标策略。该策略能够指导储能电站投标报价并确定调频容量。同时在此策略中考虑SOC利用率,根据典型调频信号集设置初始SOC范围,以提升电站收益。然后,在实时阶段引入偏差考核,滚动优化调频容量。最后,通过算例分析验证所提策略可以使储能电站二次调频成本降低0.88%,成本收益率提高0.61%,有利于激励更多储能电站参与调频辅助服务市场。
文摘当前全国电力市场和碳交易市场正在同步改革,虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)内部聚合的各类分布式资源不断增多,VPP参与市场的角度出现转变。为研究VPP在电碳联合市场下兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞标策略,将VPP作为价格制定者,提出电碳联合市场下考虑风光不确定性的双层竞标模型。首先,对VPP的运营结构与VPP参与电碳联合市场的机制进行介绍与分析。其次,在此基础上构建上层以VPP参与电碳联合市场时自身收益最大为目标,下层以电碳联合市场的社会福利最大化为目标的双层竞标模型。然后,针对VPP内部资源中风光出力的不确定性,采用鲁棒优化理论进行处理,将VPP双层竞价模型转化为两阶段鲁棒优化模型。最后,通过应用列与约束生成算法、强对偶理论和Big-M法,将问题转化为混合整数线性规划进行求解。算例结果验证了竞标策略的可行性和有效性。
