The postharvest senescence phase of table grapes comprises a series of biological processes.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate downstream genes at the post-transcriptional level;however,whether miRNAs are involved in postharve...The postharvest senescence phase of table grapes comprises a series of biological processes.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate downstream genes at the post-transcriptional level;however,whether miRNAs are involved in postharvest grape senescence remains unclear.We used small RNA sequencing to identify postharvest-related miRNAs in‘Red Globe'(Vitis vinifera)grapes harvested after 0,30,and 60 d of storage at 4℃(RG0,RG30,RG60).In total,42 known and 219 novel miRNA candidates were obtained.During fruit senescence,the expression of PC-3p-3343_1921,mi R2950,miR395k,miR2111,miR159c,miR169q,PC-5p-1112_4500,and miR167b changed signifcantly(P<0.05).Degradation sequencing identifed 218 targets associated with cell wall organization,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycling,pathogen defense,carbon metabolism,hormone signaling,the anthocyanin metabolism pathway,and energy regulation,of which ARF6,GRF3,TCP2,CP1,MYBA2,and WRKY72 were closely related to fruit senescence.We also verified that VIT_00s2146g00010,VIT_02s0012g01750,and VIT_03s0038g00160 with unknown functions are cleaved by senescence-related PC-5p-1112_4500 via the dual luciferase assay,and the transient transformation of grape berries showed that they regulate berry senescence.These results deepen our understanding of the role of mi RNAs in regulating grape berry senescence and prolonging the shelf life of horticultural products.Based on these results,we propose a new theoretical strategy for delaying the postharvest senescence of horticultural products by regulating the expression of key miRNAs(e.g.,PC-5p-1112_4500),thereby extending their shelf life.展开更多
Blueberry,kiwifruit,Rosa roxburghii,and raspberry are the characteristic fruits planted in Guizhou Province.However,in recent years,harmful factors such as plant diseases and insect pests,pesticides and heavy metal re...Blueberry,kiwifruit,Rosa roxburghii,and raspberry are the characteristic fruits planted in Guizhou Province.However,in recent years,harmful factors such as plant diseases and insect pests,pesticides and heavy metal residues have affected the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii,raspberry and other berries.These problems mainly include the frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution,which not only seriously affect the quality and safety of berries,but also restrict the healthy development of berry industry.Therefore,it is very important to study the detection and monitoring of key hazard factors affecting the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii and raspberry,as well as the standardized production technology.Using literature analysis,field investigation,questionnaire survey,comprehensive analysis,SWOT analysis,laboratory testing and other methods,this paper made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.Through the analysis of the current situation of the berry industry in Guizhou Province,the problems and shortcomings in the planting,management,sales and other aspects of the industry were revealed.In order to solve these problems,a series of practical measures were put forward,including strengthening pest control,optimizing pesticide application technology,and strictly controlling heavy metal pollution,so as to ensure the healthy and stable development of berry industry.The implementation of these measures will help to improve the overall quality level of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.展开更多
Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with ...Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.展开更多
The efifciency of extracts from Arbutus unedo L. （AU）, Crataegus monogyna L. （CM）, Rosa canina L. （RC）, and Rubus ulmifolius Schott. （RU） to inhibit lipid oxidation in raw, cooked and cooked and chilled （2...The efifciency of extracts from Arbutus unedo L. （AU）, Crataegus monogyna L. （CM）, Rosa canina L. （RC）, and Rubus ulmifolius Schott. （RU） to inhibit lipid oxidation in raw, cooked and cooked and chilled （2°C/12 d） porcine burger patties, was investigated. The modiifcation of the fatty acid proifle during processing treatments （cooking and chilling）, the quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBA-RS）, and lipid-derived volatiles, were used as indicators of lipid oxidation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） gradually decreased during cooking and the subsequent storage of cooked burger patties with this decrease being signiifcantly greater （P〈0.05） in control patties than in those with added berry extracts. In accordance, the control patties showed signiifcantly higher TBA-RS numbers and counts of lipid-derived volatiles in all treatments when compared to the berry-added counterparts （P〈0.05）. Results from the present work show, for the ifrst time, that extracts from A. unedo, C. monogyna, R. canina, and R. ulmifolius are promising antioxidants which could enhance the nutritional, safety and sensory properties of porcine burger patties.展开更多
Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 fold...Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 folds, which was bigger than the Chinese cultivars (No.4 - No.6) of Rhus vernicifera et al. It had more than 5% ~ 10% of lacquer wax in pericard, and contained less than 6% - 8% of lacquer oil in seed. No.1 had lower acid value (A.V) and iodine value (I.V);the key factors for this were cultivar and its growing environment. The principal constituents of lacquer waxes of No.1?- No.6 were triglycerides of fatty acids with total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) of 75% - 82.7%, total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) of 15.1% - 20%, and total dibasic acids (TDBA) of 5%. The CIEL a b system and Hunter whiteness formula were used to evaluate the bleaching effect on lacquer wax by physical adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimal conditions of physical decoloration were determined for activated carbon: kieselguhr = 3:2 (g/g) as adsorbent, a ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) for lacquer wax to petroleum ether, bleaching 30 min at 80?C. UV light achieved a good bleaching effect irradiated at 60?C for 60 hrs. UV irradiation definitely changed relative contents of fatty acids, TUSFA and TDBA decreased from 19.617% to 11.022% and 4.379% to 2.017% respectively, while TSFA could be raised from 76.462% to 86.077%, however, the mechanism of UV irradiation was still unclear and should be investigated in the future.展开更多
The effects of frozen storage at -18 ℃ up to 6 months, on the antioxidant properties, chemical composition and other physicochemical properties of myrtle berries （Myrtus comrnunis L.） has been evaluated. Berries sh...The effects of frozen storage at -18 ℃ up to 6 months, on the antioxidant properties, chemical composition and other physicochemical properties of myrtle berries （Myrtus comrnunis L.） has been evaluated. Berries showed a good resistance to storage decay, and weight loss remained after six months in the 15% range. Results showed that frozen storage up to 6 months affect individual antocyanins content in different ways. Nevertheless the total anthocyanins content was at the end of storage higher than in fresh fruits. The antioxidant capacity calculated with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhidrazyl （DPPH） and 2,2＇-Azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） （ABTS） increased during storage and the calculated r2 showed a positive correlation with the total anthocyanins content. Gluconic and fumaric acid did not changed, quinic acid decreased while malic and shikimic acid increased. The total organic acid content during storage was higher than in fresh fruits causing a slight decrease in pH. Fructose and glucose increased with the same rate and the ratio fructose/glucose remained unchanged （1.06 ± 0.01）, CIE L^＊a^＊b^＊ coordinates showed a shift of the colour to tawny brown after six months storage.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> Fruits including berries are one of the most important sources of our daily nutrition due to their major aspect from point of view of consumers. The fruit quality incl...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Fruits including berries are one of the most important sources of our daily nutrition due to their major aspect from point of view of consumers. The fruit quality includes the internal and external properties. The internal quality mainly is determined by aroma, flavor, taste, texture, nutritional quality (soluble sugar content, starch, organic acids, soluble solids content, and carotenoids, total flavonoids, total phenolic, antioxidant activity), flesh firmness, diseases, and chemical residues, while the external quality mainly concerns the appearance, size and colour and bruises. How to measure berry fruit quality has always been one of the most attractive research hotspots in the food industry. For the present, most of the available investigative methods are still destructive, labor and time-consuming;besides, several methods require sample preparation, costly instruments and chemicals, which cannot be used for large-scale sample evaluation. With the increasing demands of real-time detection of fruit quality, non-destructive fruit evaluation methods have been greatly developed. However, problems like low detection accuracy and poor model adaptability remain in the non-destructive detection system. Thus, it is necessary to develop non-destructive, high-efficient, simple, accurate and low-labor-cost techniques for fruit quality determination. In this paper, a comparison of different and advanced analytical methods for assessing the fruit quality characteristics of berries was discussed. </div>展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Increasing the shelf life of foods without the addition of </span&...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Increasing the shelf life of foods without the addition of </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">synthetic additives is a demand from both producers and consumers. Spore-forming bacteria are a problem in the food industry. To reduce their impact, it is necessary to use complex technologies, as well as ingredients with antibacterial or antibiotic properties. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to develop initial symbiotic combinations between lactic acid bacteria and berries to control food quality. The relevant ability of lactic acid bacteria in the presence of berry additives to inhibit the growth of Bacillus strains that degrade bakery products and dairy products </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> investigated. The antibacterial effect of berries on the growth of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mesentericus</span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was studied. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this study was used inhibition zone test, also called Kirby-Bauer Test. The growth</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rate of bacteria was based on the measurement of the optical density at</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">600 nm (OD600). The method of Thompson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">et al</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. has been used to research the development of ropiness disease in wheat bread samples. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The diameter of the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus pumilus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> growth inhibition zones under the berries action was as follows: aronia </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18.0 ± 0.6 mm;raspberry </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16.0 ± 0.4 mm;strawberry </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">15.0 ± 0.5 mm. Lactic bacteria in the presence of berry additives showed a growth rate, measured by optical density (OD) at 600 from 0.073 to 0.651 (for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aronia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) from 0.071 to 0.609 (for raspberries), from 0.073 to 0.597 compared to the increase in environments without added fruit, which amounted to </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.050 to 0.410. In the yogurt with added fruit, a synergism was formed with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thermophilus</span></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lactobacillus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">delbrueckii</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bulgaricus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lactococcus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lactis</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Lactis biovar </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diacetilactis</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The influence of fat-soluble extracts of sea buckthorn, rose-hip, and hawthorn fruits on the development of ropiness disease when storing wheat bread was investigated. The general Pearson coefficient (microbial count and pH) for all fruit yogurt samples is 0.95066. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The combined use of lactic acid bacteria and berries (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aronia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, raspberry </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strawberry) had a synergistic effect on the risk posed by </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> bacteria. 1% of fat-soluble extract from the vegetable matter reduced the risk of ropiness disease in wheat bread. This is due to the cumulative effect of the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berries</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> chemical composition (antioxidants, organic acids, etc.), increased acidity, lowered pH, and water activity of the food environment, below the development values of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.展开更多
Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study...Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study evaluated the effect of long-term storage on the quality-related properties of myrtle berries. Storage at 2 ~C for three months effbctively preserved myrtle berries quality, both in the chemical composition and external appearance. No symptoms of chilling injury and decay occurred during the first two months of storage, at the end of storage only the 1.3% of rotting was detected. Total anthocyanic content and anthocyanin glycosides diminished whereas the antioxidant capacity increased in all samples till the end of storage. The antioxidant properties of myrtle berries were not correlated with the anthocyanic fraction. The pH of myrtle berries decreased, while gluconic acid levels increased. The results reported in this paper showed that the storage at 2 ~C for three months appears to be an effective way to preserve myrtle berries quality. The changes in the chemical composition of the fruits subjected to storage had revealed the importance of gluconic acid and pH for myrtle quality assessment. These two parameters can be used as quality markers since a strong relationship has been found between myrtle decay and the changes in these parameters,展开更多
The purpose of this study was to first evaluate the antimicrobial effects of powder and extracts of berries (rose-hip, aronia, sea buckthorn and hawthorn) on the development of antibiotic-resistant <i><span s...The purpose of this study was to first evaluate the antimicrobial effects of powder and extracts of berries (rose-hip, aronia, sea buckthorn and hawthorn) on the development of antibiotic-resistant <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocitogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Listeria</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is considered one of the most important pathogens responsible for food-borne infection. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Bacterial inactivation networks were determined and compared, as well as the possibility of using powders and extracts of berries to control the risk of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Listeria</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocytogees</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infestation in the milk and dairy industry as well as in the meat industry. The effect of pH (4.78 - 4.43) and water activity (0.90 - 0.80) on the relationship between optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the plate count (CFU ml<sup>-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>1</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) was investigated for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Listeria</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. It was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of berries for</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The most relevant bacteriostatic and bactericidal </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effect on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the tested berries demonstrated sea buckthorn and rosehip.</span></span>展开更多
The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in berry anatomy during the development of grape(Vitis vinifera L.,and Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca)with different shapes.Paraffin sectioning was used to exa...The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in berry anatomy during the development of grape(Vitis vinifera L.,and Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca)with different shapes.Paraffin sectioning was used to examine the structural parameters of the cells.The results revealed that,with the development of berries,the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the flesh cells gradually increased,revealing certain regularity.However,the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells were different between varieties,reflecting the specificity of the varieties.The growth of the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the berries was found to be completed in the early stage of development.A combination of correlation analysis and size analysis for each cell layer revealed that,due to the small crosssectional area of the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells,the influence of these cells on the transverse and the longitudinal diameters of the berries would be small.In conclusion,the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the grape berries were mainly determined by the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the flesh cells.The different shapes of the grape berries could mainly be attributed to the different growth rates of the flesh cells in the longitudinal and transverse directions.These different rates of growth led to different lengths and widths of the berry.展开更多
Changes in the metabolites of table grapes(Vitis vinifera) reportedly occur during postharvest senescence. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic differences in postharvest table grapes(‘Red Globe’) ...Changes in the metabolites of table grapes(Vitis vinifera) reportedly occur during postharvest senescence. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic differences in postharvest table grapes(‘Red Globe’) after being subjected to different senescence periods. To this end, we used widely targeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 135 differential metabolites were identified. During postharvest senescence, the levels of most differential flavonoids(e.g., pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) and L-aspartic acid decreased, while the levels of phenolic acids(e.g., trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester) and pantothenol increased. During early and late senescence, the levels of most differential lipids, especially LysoPC, as well as those of nucleotides and their derivatives, such as uridine, decreased and increased, respectively. Collectively, the findings of this study provide fundamental insights into the reasonable control of table grape fruit postharvest senescence and lay a solid foundation for further research.展开更多
During 1998 - 1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43 accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild sp...During 1998 - 1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43 accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild species). External observation showed that the berries of most species began coloring on the fruit top surface or on the sun-lit surface, and the berry surface color was evenly distributed when the berry was ripe. Internal observation revealed that the pigment cells in a few layers between cuticle and sub-cuticle colored first, the cuticle colored from inner layers to outer layers while the sub-cuticle from outer to inner, and the cuticle cells began coloring a little earlier than the sub-cuticle ones in most species. The pigment cells developed unevenly during the berry ripening. In the beginning of berry coloring, the cell pigment density among the layers or among the cells in the same layer was different. Both the numbers of the pigmented cells and the cell pigment density increased during the berry coloring, while the former lasted a short time; however, the latter kept increasing from veraison to ripeness, and they reached the deepest color when the berry was ripe.展开更多
I's a hot summer day.You're thirsty.You need a cold drink.What do you choose?Many people like lemonade.It is just lemon juice,water and sugar.But some people put berries in it.Blueberry or strawberry lemonade ...I's a hot summer day.You're thirsty.You need a cold drink.What do you choose?Many people like lemonade.It is just lemon juice,water and sugar.But some people put berries in it.Blueberry or strawberry lemonade is delicious.Iced tea is another popular summer drink.You can drink it with or without sugar.Many people also like iced coffee or cold brew coffee.Or you can just have a tall glass of cool water!展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of seabuckthorn berries extract(SBE)on pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability in the mice model of acute lung injury(ALI)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods:Sixty Kunming mice ...Objective:To investigate the effect of seabuckthorn berries extract(SBE)on pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability in the mice model of acute lung injury(ALI)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods:Sixty Kunming mice were allocated into 6 groups by a random number table,including control,LPS,dexamethasone(Dex,1 mg/kg),and 120,240 and 480 mg/kg SBE groups,10 mice in each group.Except the control group,mice were pre-treated with Dex and SBE,respectively,for 7 days before LPS was intraperitoneally injected to induce ALl.Pulmonary vascular hyperpermeabilitywas evaluated by histopathologic observation and transvascular leakagedetermination.Tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-k B)p65 in lung cells was determined by immunofluorescence analysis.The contents of cytoplasmic inhibitorof nuclear factor-kBkinase(IKK)and nuclearp65,as wellasdownstreamproteins of E-selectin(CD62E)and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),were determined using Western blot analysis.Results:Histopathological observation confirmed SBEtreatment alleviatedmorphological lesion induced by LPS.Compared with the LPS group,480 mg/kg SBE significantly decreased the water content of lung,Evans blue accumulation in lung tissue,and protein concentration and neutrophils count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(P<o.01);moreover,480 mg/kg SBE significantly suppressed release of TNF-αand IL-6,and down-regulated expressions of IKK,nuclear p65,ICAM-1 and CD62E(P<0.01).Conclusion:SBE maintained alveolar-capillary barrier integrity under endotoxin challenge in mice by suppressing the key factors in the pathogenesis of ALl.展开更多
Berry fruits are known as“superfoods”due to health benefits associated with the high content of bioactive compounds or phytonutrients.Organic extraction solvents are fundamentally volatile compounds acquired from no...Berry fruits are known as“superfoods”due to health benefits associated with the high content of bioactive compounds or phytonutrients.Organic extraction solvents are fundamentally volatile compounds acquired from non-renewable resources,i.e petroleum-based solvents are presumed to be harmful to both human health and the environment.Owing to the new emphasis on environmental and safety protections and the development of green chemistry,finding alternative solvents to replace the organic ones has recently become a major concern.Indeed,there is a great interest in the scientific community to develop a suitable green approach to allow the extraction and recovery of the bioactive phytonutrients from berry sources for applications in improving human health and nutrition.In this study,the phytonutrient composition of three popular wild berries:blueberry(Vaccinium angustifolium),partridgeberry(Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)and Rosehipberry(Rosa canina),were evaluated following extraction using biphasic green solvents at pH 2.5,7.0,and 11.5 under pressurized conditions using Accelerated Solvent Extraction(ASE)system.The total phenolic content and composition,antioxidant activity,vitamin and mineral content of the berry extracts were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay,Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay(FRAP),Ultra-High-pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),respectively.The highest total antioxidant activity(p≤0.05)and phenolic content were observed in rosehip berry followed by blueberry and partridgeberry in the hydroethanolic extracts at pH 11.5.Nevertheless,the highest extraction efficiency of total fat-soluble vitamins(FSV)and total B vitamins were also observed in the hydroethanolic extract at pH 11.5.Both in rosehipberry and partridgeberry the highest vitamin C content was observed in hydroethanolic extract at pH 11.5,whereas in blueberry it was observed in the pH 2.5 hydroethanolic extract.In the present study,results demonstrated that using the green solvent system(hydroethanolic,70:30 v/v)at alkaline pH(11.5)as a pressurized fluid in the ASE system provided significant recovery of phytonutrients from wild berries.This green environmentally friendly system of extraction could represent a suitable alternative for the preparation of food grade or green solvent-based extracts for applications in the food and nutraceutical industry.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:Berries are distinct from other foods because of their unique compounds with bioprotective effects and antimicrobial/prebiotic properties.With new knowledge of how these unique phytochemicals differentially...OBJECTIVES:Berries are distinct from other foods because of their unique compounds with bioprotective effects and antimicrobial/prebiotic properties.With new knowledge of how these unique phytochemicals differentially affect microbial communities,inhibit foodborne pathogens,and conserve beneficial species,the health claims associated with berries can be further substantiated.This review explores components of berries that have antimicrobial or prebiotic properties and incorporates new knowledge gained from both in vitro and in vivo experiments.CONCLUSIONS:With the continued research efforts,antimicrobials and prebiotics derived from berries may provide an alternative to synthetic preservatives and antibiotics in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Berries could be applied to food products or as dietary interventions through elucidating which compounds have antimicrobial properties and how pH and nutrient condition impact their efficacy.In addition,these compounds can be added to foods with beneficial microorganisms with minimal impact on their probiotic viability.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia,China(2024AAC02039)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Leadership Talent Program of Ningxia,China(2022GKLRLX07)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260727 and 32371924)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-29-zp-6)。
文摘The postharvest senescence phase of table grapes comprises a series of biological processes.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate downstream genes at the post-transcriptional level;however,whether miRNAs are involved in postharvest grape senescence remains unclear.We used small RNA sequencing to identify postharvest-related miRNAs in‘Red Globe'(Vitis vinifera)grapes harvested after 0,30,and 60 d of storage at 4℃(RG0,RG30,RG60).In total,42 known and 219 novel miRNA candidates were obtained.During fruit senescence,the expression of PC-3p-3343_1921,mi R2950,miR395k,miR2111,miR159c,miR169q,PC-5p-1112_4500,and miR167b changed signifcantly(P<0.05).Degradation sequencing identifed 218 targets associated with cell wall organization,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycling,pathogen defense,carbon metabolism,hormone signaling,the anthocyanin metabolism pathway,and energy regulation,of which ARF6,GRF3,TCP2,CP1,MYBA2,and WRKY72 were closely related to fruit senescence.We also verified that VIT_00s2146g00010,VIT_02s0012g01750,and VIT_03s0038g00160 with unknown functions are cleaved by senescence-related PC-5p-1112_4500 via the dual luciferase assay,and the transient transformation of grape berries showed that they regulate berry senescence.These results deepen our understanding of the role of mi RNAs in regulating grape berry senescence and prolonging the shelf life of horticultural products.Based on these results,we propose a new theoretical strategy for delaying the postharvest senescence of horticultural products by regulating the expression of key miRNAs(e.g.,PC-5p-1112_4500),thereby extending their shelf life.
基金Supported by Project of Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China(2022YFD1601704)Research Program of Huang Yanpei's Vocational Education Thought of China Vocational Education Association(ZJS2024YB181)+1 种基金Project of China Institute of Electronic Labor(Ceal2023269)New Generation Information Technology Innovation Project of High Education Institutions Scientific Research and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China(2022IT120).
文摘Blueberry,kiwifruit,Rosa roxburghii,and raspberry are the characteristic fruits planted in Guizhou Province.However,in recent years,harmful factors such as plant diseases and insect pests,pesticides and heavy metal residues have affected the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii,raspberry and other berries.These problems mainly include the frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution,which not only seriously affect the quality and safety of berries,but also restrict the healthy development of berry industry.Therefore,it is very important to study the detection and monitoring of key hazard factors affecting the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii and raspberry,as well as the standardized production technology.Using literature analysis,field investigation,questionnaire survey,comprehensive analysis,SWOT analysis,laboratory testing and other methods,this paper made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.Through the analysis of the current situation of the berry industry in Guizhou Province,the problems and shortcomings in the planting,management,sales and other aspects of the industry were revealed.In order to solve these problems,a series of practical measures were put forward,including strengthening pest control,optimizing pesticide application technology,and strictly controlling heavy metal pollution,so as to ensure the healthy and stable development of berry industry.The implementation of these measures will help to improve the overall quality level of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772258)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFD1000102-11)。
文摘Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.
基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the contract through the Ramón y Cajal(RYC-2009-03901) programthe support through the project of Protein Oxidation in Frozen Meat and Dry-Cured Products:Mechanisms+2 种基金Consequences and Development of Antioxidant Strategies(AGL2010-15134)The European Community(Research Executive Agency) is also acknowledged for the Marie Curie Reintegration Fellowship(PERG05-GA-2009-248959 Pox-MEAT)
文摘The efifciency of extracts from Arbutus unedo L. （AU）, Crataegus monogyna L. （CM）, Rosa canina L. （RC）, and Rubus ulmifolius Schott. （RU） to inhibit lipid oxidation in raw, cooked and cooked and chilled （2°C/12 d） porcine burger patties, was investigated. The modiifcation of the fatty acid proifle during processing treatments （cooking and chilling）, the quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBA-RS）, and lipid-derived volatiles, were used as indicators of lipid oxidation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） gradually decreased during cooking and the subsequent storage of cooked burger patties with this decrease being signiifcantly greater （P〈0.05） in control patties than in those with added berry extracts. In accordance, the control patties showed signiifcantly higher TBA-RS numbers and counts of lipid-derived volatiles in all treatments when compared to the berry-added counterparts （P〈0.05）. Results from the present work show, for the ifrst time, that extracts from A. unedo, C. monogyna, R. canina, and R. ulmifolius are promising antioxidants which could enhance the nutritional, safety and sensory properties of porcine burger patties.
文摘Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 folds, which was bigger than the Chinese cultivars (No.4 - No.6) of Rhus vernicifera et al. It had more than 5% ~ 10% of lacquer wax in pericard, and contained less than 6% - 8% of lacquer oil in seed. No.1 had lower acid value (A.V) and iodine value (I.V);the key factors for this were cultivar and its growing environment. The principal constituents of lacquer waxes of No.1?- No.6 were triglycerides of fatty acids with total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) of 75% - 82.7%, total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) of 15.1% - 20%, and total dibasic acids (TDBA) of 5%. The CIEL a b system and Hunter whiteness formula were used to evaluate the bleaching effect on lacquer wax by physical adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimal conditions of physical decoloration were determined for activated carbon: kieselguhr = 3:2 (g/g) as adsorbent, a ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) for lacquer wax to petroleum ether, bleaching 30 min at 80?C. UV light achieved a good bleaching effect irradiated at 60?C for 60 hrs. UV irradiation definitely changed relative contents of fatty acids, TUSFA and TDBA decreased from 19.617% to 11.022% and 4.379% to 2.017% respectively, while TSFA could be raised from 76.462% to 86.077%, however, the mechanism of UV irradiation was still unclear and should be investigated in the future.
文摘The effects of frozen storage at -18 ℃ up to 6 months, on the antioxidant properties, chemical composition and other physicochemical properties of myrtle berries （Myrtus comrnunis L.） has been evaluated. Berries showed a good resistance to storage decay, and weight loss remained after six months in the 15% range. Results showed that frozen storage up to 6 months affect individual antocyanins content in different ways. Nevertheless the total anthocyanins content was at the end of storage higher than in fresh fruits. The antioxidant capacity calculated with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhidrazyl （DPPH） and 2,2＇-Azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） （ABTS） increased during storage and the calculated r2 showed a positive correlation with the total anthocyanins content. Gluconic and fumaric acid did not changed, quinic acid decreased while malic and shikimic acid increased. The total organic acid content during storage was higher than in fresh fruits causing a slight decrease in pH. Fructose and glucose increased with the same rate and the ratio fructose/glucose remained unchanged （1.06 ± 0.01）, CIE L^＊a^＊b^＊ coordinates showed a shift of the colour to tawny brown after six months storage.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Fruits including berries are one of the most important sources of our daily nutrition due to their major aspect from point of view of consumers. The fruit quality includes the internal and external properties. The internal quality mainly is determined by aroma, flavor, taste, texture, nutritional quality (soluble sugar content, starch, organic acids, soluble solids content, and carotenoids, total flavonoids, total phenolic, antioxidant activity), flesh firmness, diseases, and chemical residues, while the external quality mainly concerns the appearance, size and colour and bruises. How to measure berry fruit quality has always been one of the most attractive research hotspots in the food industry. For the present, most of the available investigative methods are still destructive, labor and time-consuming;besides, several methods require sample preparation, costly instruments and chemicals, which cannot be used for large-scale sample evaluation. With the increasing demands of real-time detection of fruit quality, non-destructive fruit evaluation methods have been greatly developed. However, problems like low detection accuracy and poor model adaptability remain in the non-destructive detection system. Thus, it is necessary to develop non-destructive, high-efficient, simple, accurate and low-labor-cost techniques for fruit quality determination. In this paper, a comparison of different and advanced analytical methods for assessing the fruit quality characteristics of berries was discussed. </div>
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Increasing the shelf life of foods without the addition of </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">synthetic additives is a demand from both producers and consumers. Spore-forming bacteria are a problem in the food industry. To reduce their impact, it is necessary to use complex technologies, as well as ingredients with antibacterial or antibiotic properties. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to develop initial symbiotic combinations between lactic acid bacteria and berries to control food quality. The relevant ability of lactic acid bacteria in the presence of berry additives to inhibit the growth of Bacillus strains that degrade bakery products and dairy products </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> investigated. The antibacterial effect of berries on the growth of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mesentericus</span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was studied. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this study was used inhibition zone test, also called Kirby-Bauer Test. The growth</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rate of bacteria was based on the measurement of the optical density at</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">600 nm (OD600). The method of Thompson </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">et al</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. has been used to research the development of ropiness disease in wheat bread samples. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The diameter of the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus pumilus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> growth inhibition zones under the berries action was as follows: aronia </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18.0 ± 0.6 mm;raspberry </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16.0 ± 0.4 mm;strawberry </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">15.0 ± 0.5 mm. Lactic bacteria in the presence of berry additives showed a growth rate, measured by optical density (OD) at 600 from 0.073 to 0.651 (for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aronia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) from 0.071 to 0.609 (for raspberries), from 0.073 to 0.597 compared to the increase in environments without added fruit, which amounted to </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.050 to 0.410. In the yogurt with added fruit, a synergism was formed with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thermophilus</span></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lactobacillus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">delbrueckii</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bulgaricus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lactococcus </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lactis</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Lactis biovar </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diacetilactis</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The influence of fat-soluble extracts of sea buckthorn, rose-hip, and hawthorn fruits on the development of ropiness disease when storing wheat bread was investigated. The general Pearson coefficient (microbial count and pH) for all fruit yogurt samples is 0.95066. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The combined use of lactic acid bacteria and berries (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aronia</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, raspberry </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strawberry) had a synergistic effect on the risk posed by </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> bacteria. 1% of fat-soluble extract from the vegetable matter reduced the risk of ropiness disease in wheat bread. This is due to the cumulative effect of the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berries</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> chemical composition (antioxidants, organic acids, etc.), increased acidity, lowered pH, and water activity of the food environment, below the development values of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.
文摘Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study evaluated the effect of long-term storage on the quality-related properties of myrtle berries. Storage at 2 ~C for three months effbctively preserved myrtle berries quality, both in the chemical composition and external appearance. No symptoms of chilling injury and decay occurred during the first two months of storage, at the end of storage only the 1.3% of rotting was detected. Total anthocyanic content and anthocyanin glycosides diminished whereas the antioxidant capacity increased in all samples till the end of storage. The antioxidant properties of myrtle berries were not correlated with the anthocyanic fraction. The pH of myrtle berries decreased, while gluconic acid levels increased. The results reported in this paper showed that the storage at 2 ~C for three months appears to be an effective way to preserve myrtle berries quality. The changes in the chemical composition of the fruits subjected to storage had revealed the importance of gluconic acid and pH for myrtle quality assessment. These two parameters can be used as quality markers since a strong relationship has been found between myrtle decay and the changes in these parameters,
文摘The purpose of this study was to first evaluate the antimicrobial effects of powder and extracts of berries (rose-hip, aronia, sea buckthorn and hawthorn) on the development of antibiotic-resistant <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocitogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Listeria</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is considered one of the most important pathogens responsible for food-borne infection. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Bacterial inactivation networks were determined and compared, as well as the possibility of using powders and extracts of berries to control the risk of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Listeria</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocytogees</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infestation in the milk and dairy industry as well as in the meat industry. The effect of pH (4.78 - 4.43) and water activity (0.90 - 0.80) on the relationship between optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the plate count (CFU ml<sup>-</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>1</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) was investigated for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Listeria</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. It was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of berries for</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The most relevant bacteriostatic and bactericidal </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effect on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. monocytogenes</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the tested berries demonstrated sea buckthorn and rosehip.</span></span>
基金The authors are grateful for the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFD1000101)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant Nos.31672131 and 31372027)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-29)and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2018-ZFRI).
文摘The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in berry anatomy during the development of grape(Vitis vinifera L.,and Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca)with different shapes.Paraffin sectioning was used to examine the structural parameters of the cells.The results revealed that,with the development of berries,the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the flesh cells gradually increased,revealing certain regularity.However,the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells were different between varieties,reflecting the specificity of the varieties.The growth of the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the berries was found to be completed in the early stage of development.A combination of correlation analysis and size analysis for each cell layer revealed that,due to the small crosssectional area of the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells,the influence of these cells on the transverse and the longitudinal diameters of the berries would be small.In conclusion,the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the grape berries were mainly determined by the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the flesh cells.The different shapes of the grape berries could mainly be attributed to the different growth rates of the flesh cells in the longitudinal and transverse directions.These different rates of growth led to different lengths and widths of the berry.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31801833 and 31801811)the Innovation Capability Support Programs of Shaanxi Province,China(2020KJXX-035)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M653771 and 2019T120953)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2452019016)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29-zp-6)。
文摘Changes in the metabolites of table grapes(Vitis vinifera) reportedly occur during postharvest senescence. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic differences in postharvest table grapes(‘Red Globe’) after being subjected to different senescence periods. To this end, we used widely targeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 135 differential metabolites were identified. During postharvest senescence, the levels of most differential flavonoids(e.g., pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) and L-aspartic acid decreased, while the levels of phenolic acids(e.g., trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester) and pantothenol increased. During early and late senescence, the levels of most differential lipids, especially LysoPC, as well as those of nucleotides and their derivatives, such as uridine, decreased and increased, respectively. Collectively, the findings of this study provide fundamental insights into the reasonable control of table grape fruit postharvest senescence and lay a solid foundation for further research.
基金supported by the China Na-tional Natural Science Fund Project(39370495)the University Research Program of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture&Forestry(No.2000-77)the Research Program of National Yangling Bio-Tech Breeding Center(No.2001-01).
文摘During 1998 - 1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43 accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild species). External observation showed that the berries of most species began coloring on the fruit top surface or on the sun-lit surface, and the berry surface color was evenly distributed when the berry was ripe. Internal observation revealed that the pigment cells in a few layers between cuticle and sub-cuticle colored first, the cuticle colored from inner layers to outer layers while the sub-cuticle from outer to inner, and the cuticle cells began coloring a little earlier than the sub-cuticle ones in most species. The pigment cells developed unevenly during the berry ripening. In the beginning of berry coloring, the cell pigment density among the layers or among the cells in the same layer was different. Both the numbers of the pigmented cells and the cell pigment density increased during the berry coloring, while the former lasted a short time; however, the latter kept increasing from veraison to ripeness, and they reached the deepest color when the berry was ripe.
文摘I's a hot summer day.You're thirsty.You need a cold drink.What do you choose?Many people like lemonade.It is just lemon juice,water and sugar.But some people put berries in it.Blueberry or strawberry lemonade is delicious.Iced tea is another popular summer drink.You can drink it with or without sugar.Many people also like iced coffee or cold brew coffee.Or you can just have a tall glass of cool water!
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81503361)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of seabuckthorn berries extract(SBE)on pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability in the mice model of acute lung injury(ALI)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods:Sixty Kunming mice were allocated into 6 groups by a random number table,including control,LPS,dexamethasone(Dex,1 mg/kg),and 120,240 and 480 mg/kg SBE groups,10 mice in each group.Except the control group,mice were pre-treated with Dex and SBE,respectively,for 7 days before LPS was intraperitoneally injected to induce ALl.Pulmonary vascular hyperpermeabilitywas evaluated by histopathologic observation and transvascular leakagedetermination.Tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-k B)p65 in lung cells was determined by immunofluorescence analysis.The contents of cytoplasmic inhibitorof nuclear factor-kBkinase(IKK)and nuclearp65,as wellasdownstreamproteins of E-selectin(CD62E)and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),were determined using Western blot analysis.Results:Histopathological observation confirmed SBEtreatment alleviatedmorphological lesion induced by LPS.Compared with the LPS group,480 mg/kg SBE significantly decreased the water content of lung,Evans blue accumulation in lung tissue,and protein concentration and neutrophils count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(P<o.01);moreover,480 mg/kg SBE significantly suppressed release of TNF-αand IL-6,and down-regulated expressions of IKK,nuclear p65,ICAM-1 and CD62E(P<0.01).Conclusion:SBE maintained alveolar-capillary barrier integrity under endotoxin challenge in mice by suppressing the key factors in the pathogenesis of ALl.
文摘Berry fruits are known as“superfoods”due to health benefits associated with the high content of bioactive compounds or phytonutrients.Organic extraction solvents are fundamentally volatile compounds acquired from non-renewable resources,i.e petroleum-based solvents are presumed to be harmful to both human health and the environment.Owing to the new emphasis on environmental and safety protections and the development of green chemistry,finding alternative solvents to replace the organic ones has recently become a major concern.Indeed,there is a great interest in the scientific community to develop a suitable green approach to allow the extraction and recovery of the bioactive phytonutrients from berry sources for applications in improving human health and nutrition.In this study,the phytonutrient composition of three popular wild berries:blueberry(Vaccinium angustifolium),partridgeberry(Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)and Rosehipberry(Rosa canina),were evaluated following extraction using biphasic green solvents at pH 2.5,7.0,and 11.5 under pressurized conditions using Accelerated Solvent Extraction(ASE)system.The total phenolic content and composition,antioxidant activity,vitamin and mineral content of the berry extracts were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay,Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay(FRAP),Ultra-High-pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),respectively.The highest total antioxidant activity(p≤0.05)and phenolic content were observed in rosehip berry followed by blueberry and partridgeberry in the hydroethanolic extracts at pH 11.5.Nevertheless,the highest extraction efficiency of total fat-soluble vitamins(FSV)and total B vitamins were also observed in the hydroethanolic extract at pH 11.5.Both in rosehipberry and partridgeberry the highest vitamin C content was observed in hydroethanolic extract at pH 11.5,whereas in blueberry it was observed in the pH 2.5 hydroethanolic extract.In the present study,results demonstrated that using the green solvent system(hydroethanolic,70:30 v/v)at alkaline pH(11.5)as a pressurized fluid in the ASE system provided significant recovery of phytonutrients from wild berries.This green environmentally friendly system of extraction could represent a suitable alternative for the preparation of food grade or green solvent-based extracts for applications in the food and nutraceutical industry.
文摘OBJECTIVES:Berries are distinct from other foods because of their unique compounds with bioprotective effects and antimicrobial/prebiotic properties.With new knowledge of how these unique phytochemicals differentially affect microbial communities,inhibit foodborne pathogens,and conserve beneficial species,the health claims associated with berries can be further substantiated.This review explores components of berries that have antimicrobial or prebiotic properties and incorporates new knowledge gained from both in vitro and in vivo experiments.CONCLUSIONS:With the continued research efforts,antimicrobials and prebiotics derived from berries may provide an alternative to synthetic preservatives and antibiotics in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Berries could be applied to food products or as dietary interventions through elucidating which compounds have antimicrobial properties and how pH and nutrient condition impact their efficacy.In addition,these compounds can be added to foods with beneficial microorganisms with minimal impact on their probiotic viability.
