This paper simulates reactive magnetron-sputtering in constant current mode in a Vanadium-O2/Ar system equipped with a DC power supply by adopting both kinetics model and Berg＇s model. The target voltage during the r...This paper simulates reactive magnetron-sputtering in constant current mode in a Vanadium-O2/Ar system equipped with a DC power supply by adopting both kinetics model and Berg＇s model. The target voltage during the reactive sputtering has been investigated as a function of reactive gas flow. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate a hysteresis curve with respect to the oxygen supply. The time-dependent variation of the target mode is studied by measuring the target voltage for various reactive oxygen gas flows and pre-sputtering times. The pre- sputtering time increases with the increased initial target voltage. Furthermore, a corresponding time-dependent model simulating target voltage changes is also proposed. Based on these simulations, we find some relationships between the discharge voltage behaviour and the properties of the formed oxide. In this way, a better understanding of the target voltage changes during reactive sputtering can be achieved. We conclude that the presented theoretical models for parameter-dependent case and time-dependent case are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and can be used to comprehend the target voltage behaviour in the deposition of vanadium oxide thin films.展开更多
This paper combines the perspective of co-evolution with studies in the area of business model, reveals the phenomenon of business model co-evolution and explores the business model coevolution mechanism between firms...This paper combines the perspective of co-evolution with studies in the area of business model, reveals the phenomenon of business model co-evolution and explores the business model coevolution mechanism between firms through a case study. Findings and what other companies can learn from this study are as follows. Firstly, companies, be it leaders or not, can act as enablers for other party’s business model innovation. Secondly, companies can enable each other’s business model innovation by taking the perspective of business model co-evolution; Thirdly, the interdependence of the business model co-evolution process can be explained by the four levers named novelty, lock-in,complementarity and efficiency. Companies can select novelty, lock-in, complementarity, efficiency or the combination of the four as mediators to achieve business model co-evolution.展开更多
Coherent enhancement of Smith-Purcell radiation has attracted people＇s attention not only in adopting a better source but also in beam diagnostics aspect. In this paper, we study the intrinsic mechanism of coherent S...Coherent enhancement of Smith-Purcell radiation has attracted people＇s attention not only in adopting a better source but also in beam diagnostics aspect. In this paper, we study the intrinsic mechanism of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation on the basis of the van den Berg model. The emitted power of Smith-Purcell radiation is determined by the bunch profile in transverse and longitudinal directions. For short bunch whose longitudinal pulse length is comparable with the radiation wavelength, it can be concluded approximately that the power is proportional to the square number of electrons per bunch.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60806021)
文摘This paper simulates reactive magnetron-sputtering in constant current mode in a Vanadium-O2/Ar system equipped with a DC power supply by adopting both kinetics model and Berg＇s model. The target voltage during the reactive sputtering has been investigated as a function of reactive gas flow. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate a hysteresis curve with respect to the oxygen supply. The time-dependent variation of the target mode is studied by measuring the target voltage for various reactive oxygen gas flows and pre-sputtering times. The pre- sputtering time increases with the increased initial target voltage. Furthermore, a corresponding time-dependent model simulating target voltage changes is also proposed. Based on these simulations, we find some relationships between the discharge voltage behaviour and the properties of the formed oxide. In this way, a better understanding of the target voltage changes during reactive sputtering can be achieved. We conclude that the presented theoretical models for parameter-dependent case and time-dependent case are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and can be used to comprehend the target voltage behaviour in the deposition of vanadium oxide thin films.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71373262,71390330,71390331,71872171)
文摘This paper combines the perspective of co-evolution with studies in the area of business model, reveals the phenomenon of business model co-evolution and explores the business model coevolution mechanism between firms through a case study. Findings and what other companies can learn from this study are as follows. Firstly, companies, be it leaders or not, can act as enablers for other party’s business model innovation. Secondly, companies can enable each other’s business model innovation by taking the perspective of business model co-evolution; Thirdly, the interdependence of the business model co-evolution process can be explained by the four levers named novelty, lock-in,complementarity and efficiency. Companies can select novelty, lock-in, complementarity, efficiency or the combination of the four as mediators to achieve business model co-evolution.
基金Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2002CB713600)
文摘Coherent enhancement of Smith-Purcell radiation has attracted people＇s attention not only in adopting a better source but also in beam diagnostics aspect. In this paper, we study the intrinsic mechanism of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation on the basis of the van den Berg model. The emitted power of Smith-Purcell radiation is determined by the bunch profile in transverse and longitudinal directions. For short bunch whose longitudinal pulse length is comparable with the radiation wavelength, it can be concluded approximately that the power is proportional to the square number of electrons per bunch.
