We will present here the data obtained from the examination with micro-XRF of a series of micro samples taken from the decorations of three mosques in Berat, Albania. These are parts of an Islamic religious complex si...We will present here the data obtained from the examination with micro-XRF of a series of micro samples taken from the decorations of three mosques in Berat, Albania. These are parts of an Islamic religious complex situated at the central area of the old town and include the “Helvetia Tekke”, the King’s Mosque and the Bachelors’ Mosque, which were built or reconstructed during the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Beside the architectural values of the buildings, the interiors of the monuments are decorated with paintings of the walls and the ceilings made of carved wood. The results of the measurements indicate that the preparation layer of the paintings on wooden ceilings was made of gypsum while that of the wall paintings was made of calcium carbonate. The palette includes the following inorganic pigments: lead white, gold, yellow and red ochre, vermilion, red lead, a copper based green, smalt and probably carbon black at Helvetia Tekke;green earth, yellow ochre, red ochre, red lead and cinnabar at Bachelors’ Mosque and red lead, orpiment and Indigo should have used for the original decorations of the ceilings in King Mosque, which are later overpainted with traditional pigments like yellow and red ochre, prussian blue and other modern pigments. Organic pigments, probably indigo and carbon black should have been used for the blue and black color. Similarities and differences observed between the monuments and indications about the painting technique as well as the degradation of some pigments will also be discussed.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A simple </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">portable X-Ray Fluorescence (</span><span style="font-family:;" "=&qu...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A simple </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">portable X-Ray Fluorescence (</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">XRF) spectrometer was successfully used for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in-situ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and nondestructive identification of the painting materials in two 15</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century icons from the Onufri Museum in Beart, Albania. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The spectrometer is based on a low power X-ray tube, a thermoelectrically cooled Si PIN detector and the spectrum acquisition system. It was assembled and adjusted at our laboratory for the investigation of the icons. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A small number of pigments were clearly identified by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">X-Ray Fluorescence (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">XRF) measurements in both icons. This include</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Lead white for the white color, gold and yellow ochre for the yellow color, red lead, cinnabar and red ochre for the red color, as well as cooper based pigments for the green color. At the same time, the investigation raised some new questions that need further investigations by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the use of additional analytical techniques. The results show that in both</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> icons are used similar pigments, which are in accordance with the Byzantine icon painting tradition.</span></span>展开更多
The luminescence of Ce and Ce , Mn + co-doped BaB8O13 and SrB4O7 prepared in air is studied. The results show that tetravalent cerium ion can be reduced to trivalent state in the hosts and gives rise to efficient lumi...The luminescence of Ce and Ce , Mn + co-doped BaB8O13 and SrB4O7 prepared in air is studied. The results show that tetravalent cerium ion can be reduced to trivalent state in the hosts and gives rise to efficient luminescence. Energy transfer between Ce3+ and Mn2+ is possible. Mn2+ ions can be efficiently sensitized by Ce 3+ and exhibit green and red emissions which implied that Mn2 + occupied the crystallographic sites of cations and boron sites of the anoins, respectively. The intensity ratio of red to green emission in matrix increases with the increasing of manganese concentration.展开更多
文摘We will present here the data obtained from the examination with micro-XRF of a series of micro samples taken from the decorations of three mosques in Berat, Albania. These are parts of an Islamic religious complex situated at the central area of the old town and include the “Helvetia Tekke”, the King’s Mosque and the Bachelors’ Mosque, which were built or reconstructed during the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Beside the architectural values of the buildings, the interiors of the monuments are decorated with paintings of the walls and the ceilings made of carved wood. The results of the measurements indicate that the preparation layer of the paintings on wooden ceilings was made of gypsum while that of the wall paintings was made of calcium carbonate. The palette includes the following inorganic pigments: lead white, gold, yellow and red ochre, vermilion, red lead, a copper based green, smalt and probably carbon black at Helvetia Tekke;green earth, yellow ochre, red ochre, red lead and cinnabar at Bachelors’ Mosque and red lead, orpiment and Indigo should have used for the original decorations of the ceilings in King Mosque, which are later overpainted with traditional pigments like yellow and red ochre, prussian blue and other modern pigments. Organic pigments, probably indigo and carbon black should have been used for the blue and black color. Similarities and differences observed between the monuments and indications about the painting technique as well as the degradation of some pigments will also be discussed.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A simple </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">portable X-Ray Fluorescence (</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">XRF) spectrometer was successfully used for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in-situ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and nondestructive identification of the painting materials in two 15</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century icons from the Onufri Museum in Beart, Albania. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The spectrometer is based on a low power X-ray tube, a thermoelectrically cooled Si PIN detector and the spectrum acquisition system. It was assembled and adjusted at our laboratory for the investigation of the icons. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A small number of pigments were clearly identified by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">X-Ray Fluorescence (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">XRF) measurements in both icons. This include</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Lead white for the white color, gold and yellow ochre for the yellow color, red lead, cinnabar and red ochre for the red color, as well as cooper based pigments for the green color. At the same time, the investigation raised some new questions that need further investigations by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the use of additional analytical techniques. The results show that in both</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> icons are used similar pigments, which are in accordance with the Byzantine icon painting tradition.</span></span>
基金State Key Program of Basic Researeh (No: 29831010)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 29771029).
文摘The luminescence of Ce and Ce , Mn + co-doped BaB8O13 and SrB4O7 prepared in air is studied. The results show that tetravalent cerium ion can be reduced to trivalent state in the hosts and gives rise to efficient luminescence. Energy transfer between Ce3+ and Mn2+ is possible. Mn2+ ions can be efficiently sensitized by Ce 3+ and exhibit green and red emissions which implied that Mn2 + occupied the crystallographic sites of cations and boron sites of the anoins, respectively. The intensity ratio of red to green emission in matrix increases with the increasing of manganese concentration.
