Scientists have already undertaken experimental attempts to find a grain of space. In this article, the Bekenstein formula and the information-oriented approach are combined for the first time to theoretically calcula...Scientists have already undertaken experimental attempts to find a grain of space. In this article, the Bekenstein formula and the information-oriented approach are combined for the first time to theoretically calculate the smallest achievable grain length, as well as the energy and quantity of information. This became possible due to the fact that the information approach is based on the calculation of the amount of information contained in the model of the physical phenomenon. The results show very good agreement between theory and experiment, at least with respect to the scale of the length and the minimum resolution of energy. This concept can be important for a reliable interpretation of the forthcoming cosmological and quantum dimensions.展开更多
This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we ex...This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 10<sup>30</sup> bits/m<sup>3</sup>), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.展开更多
Recently,based on the study of black hole Hawking radiation with the tunnel effect method,we found that the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strict pure thermal spectrum. It is a very interesting problem ...Recently,based on the study of black hole Hawking radiation with the tunnel effect method,we found that the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strict pure thermal spectrum. It is a very interesting problem to determine how the departure of the black hole radiation spectrum from the pure thermal spectrum affects entropy. We calculate the partition function by the energy spectrum obtained using tunnel effect. Using the relation between the partition function and entropy,we derive the correction value to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the charged black hole. Fur-thermore,we obtain the conditions that various thermodynamic quantities must satisfy,when phase transition of the charged black hole occurs.展开更多
The relationship between the evolution of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evolution of mass estimated as body weight in complex organisms such as human beings show the association between dissipated energy and ...The relationship between the evolution of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evolution of mass estimated as body weight in complex organisms such as human beings show the association between dissipated energy and information recovered as material structure. In such a context, it is necessary to highlight that the metabolic rate estimated as the energy dissipated per unit of mass presents the same rate of change as the mechanical speed estimated as distance traveled per unit of time. We describe this as a logical equivalence that has consequences on the geometry of the system. Our study proposes to describe the relationships between BMR, body weight, and the geometry of these systems in the same way that relativistic mechanics describes the relationships between matter, speed, and the geometry of the space in which the variables of a physical system are defined. It is exactly the same mechanical description, but considering five dimensions instead of four. The concept of information density limit is decisive in this theoretical framework since it contributes to explaining the changes in the geometry of these systems, their order-chaos transitions, and their general holographic description.展开更多
Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the ...Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh＇s opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.展开更多
Applying Parikh＇s quantum tunnelling method, this paper has studied the quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunnelling rates at the eve...Applying Parikh＇s quantum tunnelling method, this paper has studied the quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunnelling rates at the event horizon and the cosmological horizon are related to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum is not precisely thermal when considering energy conservation and self-gravitation interaction.展开更多
Starting from the classical Newton inverse square law of gravitation we arrive at a modified Newtonian gravity in the spirit of the work of Milgrom-Bekenstein pioneering work. This is achieved by injecting the needed ...Starting from the classical Newton inverse square law of gravitation we arrive at a modified Newtonian gravity in the spirit of the work of Milgrom-Bekenstein pioneering work. This is achieved by injecting the needed quantum mechanical dissection of special relativity into Newton’s law via the modified energy mass relationship which transforms Einstein’s famous formula?from a smooth four dimensional space to a rugged fractal-like spacetime manifold. The confidence in the present result stems not only from the consistency of the mathematical scheme but also from agreement with the general direction of cosmological measurements and observations.展开更多
As per Hawking and Bekenstein’s work on black holes, information resides on the surface and there is a limit on it amounting to a bit for every Planck area. It would seem therefore that extra dimensions would logical...As per Hawking and Bekenstein’s work on black holes, information resides on the surface and there is a limit on it amounting to a bit for every Planck area. It would seem therefore that extra dimensions would logically lead to a hyper-surface for a black hole and consequently a reduction of the corresponding information density due to the dilution effect of these additional dimensions. The present paper argues that the counterintuitive opposite of the above is what should be expected. This surprising result is a consequence of a well known theorem on measure concentration due to I. Dvoretzky.展开更多
After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, we discuss the quantum tunneling radiation of a fivedimensional Sehwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole. The radiation spectrum and the correction value of the ...After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, we discuss the quantum tunneling radiation of a fivedimensional Sehwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole. The radiation spectrum and the correction value of the Bekenstein-- Hawking entropy are derived. In a five-dimensional black hole the one order correction term in the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy correction term is proportional to the third power of the area, and the logarithmic correction term is a twoorder small quantity. The correction term is related to the dimension constant introduced in the generalized uncertainty principle. Because the black hole entropy is not divergent, the lowest value of the five-dimensional Schwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole horizon radius is obtained. After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, the radiation spectrum is still consistent with normalization theory.展开更多
This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, t...This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.展开更多
文摘Scientists have already undertaken experimental attempts to find a grain of space. In this article, the Bekenstein formula and the information-oriented approach are combined for the first time to theoretically calculate the smallest achievable grain length, as well as the energy and quantity of information. This became possible due to the fact that the information approach is based on the calculation of the amount of information contained in the model of the physical phenomenon. The results show very good agreement between theory and experiment, at least with respect to the scale of the length and the minimum resolution of energy. This concept can be important for a reliable interpretation of the forthcoming cosmological and quantum dimensions.
文摘This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 10<sup>30</sup> bits/m<sup>3</sup>), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China (Grant No 2006011012)the Doctoral Sustentation Fund of Shanxi Datong University of China
文摘Recently,based on the study of black hole Hawking radiation with the tunnel effect method,we found that the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strict pure thermal spectrum. It is a very interesting problem to determine how the departure of the black hole radiation spectrum from the pure thermal spectrum affects entropy. We calculate the partition function by the energy spectrum obtained using tunnel effect. Using the relation between the partition function and entropy,we derive the correction value to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the charged black hole. Fur-thermore,we obtain the conditions that various thermodynamic quantities must satisfy,when phase transition of the charged black hole occurs.
文摘The relationship between the evolution of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evolution of mass estimated as body weight in complex organisms such as human beings show the association between dissipated energy and information recovered as material structure. In such a context, it is necessary to highlight that the metabolic rate estimated as the energy dissipated per unit of mass presents the same rate of change as the mechanical speed estimated as distance traveled per unit of time. We describe this as a logical equivalence that has consequences on the geometry of the system. Our study proposes to describe the relationships between BMR, body weight, and the geometry of these systems in the same way that relativistic mechanics describes the relationships between matter, speed, and the geometry of the space in which the variables of a physical system are defined. It is exactly the same mechanical description, but considering five dimensions instead of four. The concept of information density limit is decisive in this theoretical framework since it contributes to explaining the changes in the geometry of these systems, their order-chaos transitions, and their general holographic description.
文摘Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh＇s opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.
基金Proiect suooorted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10347008）.
文摘Applying Parikh＇s quantum tunnelling method, this paper has studied the quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunnelling rates at the event horizon and the cosmological horizon are related to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum is not precisely thermal when considering energy conservation and self-gravitation interaction.
文摘Starting from the classical Newton inverse square law of gravitation we arrive at a modified Newtonian gravity in the spirit of the work of Milgrom-Bekenstein pioneering work. This is achieved by injecting the needed quantum mechanical dissection of special relativity into Newton’s law via the modified energy mass relationship which transforms Einstein’s famous formula?from a smooth four dimensional space to a rugged fractal-like spacetime manifold. The confidence in the present result stems not only from the consistency of the mathematical scheme but also from agreement with the general direction of cosmological measurements and observations.
文摘As per Hawking and Bekenstein’s work on black holes, information resides on the surface and there is a limit on it amounting to a bit for every Planck area. It would seem therefore that extra dimensions would logically lead to a hyper-surface for a black hole and consequently a reduction of the corresponding information density due to the dilution effect of these additional dimensions. The present paper argues that the counterintuitive opposite of the above is what should be expected. This surprising result is a consequence of a well known theorem on measure concentration due to I. Dvoretzky.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2006011012)the Shanxi Datong University Doctoral Sustentation Fund, China
文摘After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, we discuss the quantum tunneling radiation of a fivedimensional Sehwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole. The radiation spectrum and the correction value of the Bekenstein-- Hawking entropy are derived. In a five-dimensional black hole the one order correction term in the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy correction term is proportional to the third power of the area, and the logarithmic correction term is a twoorder small quantity. The correction term is related to the dimension constant introduced in the generalized uncertainty principle. Because the black hole entropy is not divergent, the lowest value of the five-dimensional Schwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole horizon radius is obtained. After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, the radiation spectrum is still consistent with normalization theory.
文摘This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.
