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Home Mealtimes in Kenya and Zambia:Recognising culturally grounded practices that foster healthy eating behaviours
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作者 Jeofrey Mtemeri Hetal Patel +7 位作者 Rehema Abiyo Claire Farrow Megan Jarman Haatembo Mooya Laura Shapiro Barnabas Simatende Pamela Wadende Henriette Zeidler 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》 2026年第1期53-63,共11页
Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questi... Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members. 展开更多
关键词 Detractors LUNCH parent-child interaction eating behaviour feeding practices
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Brain morphological changes across behaviour spectrums in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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作者 Tianzheng Zhong Feng Wang +1 位作者 Jianfeng Qiu Weizhao Lu 《General Psychiatry》 2025年第6期458-467,共10页
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioural symptoms and grey matter volume(GMV)changes.However,previous studies have not fully elucidated the prog... Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioural symptoms and grey matter volume(GMV)changes.However,previous studies have not fully elucidated the progressive and causal GMV changes associated with behavioural symptoms in ADHD.Aims This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between GMV alterations and behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD using behaviourcausal structural covariance network(BCaSCN)analysis.Methods Structural magnetic resonance imaging(sMRI)data from 135 children and adolescents with ADHD and182 neurotypical controls(NCs)were analysed.ADHD subtypes were identified based on GMV using a clustering algorithm to address the neuroanatomical heterogeneity.To investigate the causal relationships of GMV changes related to behavioural symptoms,sMRI data were sequentially ordered by ADHD index,inattentive index and hyperactive/impulsive index values to generate pseudotime series data.These data were then analysed using region-of-interest-based BCaSCN analysis to explore potential progressive patterns of GMV change.Results Neuroanatomical subtyping revealed two ADHD subtypes with distinct GMV patterns compared with NCs.BCaSCN analysis showed that ADHD subtype 1 was closely associated with inattentiveness,involving prominent nodes in the frontal regions and cerebellum.In contrast,ADHD subtype 2 was more strongly linked to overall disease severity,with the cerebellum and hippocampus as primary hubs.Conclusions ADHD is associated with heterogeneous changes in GMV corresponding to distinct behavioural domains,highlighting the need for subtype-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. 展开更多
关键词 structural magnetic resonance imaging neurodevelopmental disorder cerebellum behavioural symptoms neuroanatomical subtyping attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviourcausal structural covariance network bcascn analysismethods behaviour causal structural covariance network
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Laser melting deposition of in-situ (TiB+TiC) hybrid reinforced TC4 composites: Preparation, microstructure and room/high-temperature corrosion behaviour 被引量:2
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作者 Yang Zheng Ruize Xiong +7 位作者 Zihao Zhao Cenya Zhao ZhiFang Wang Wei Niu Hui Xue Fang Cheng Wei Liu Songbo Wei 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 2025年第25期137-154,共18页
To enhance the anti-corrosion performance of TC4 alloy across a wide temperature range for modern aircrafts operating in increasingly harsh environments, the (TiB+TiC) hybrid reinforced TC4 composites were prepared by... To enhance the anti-corrosion performance of TC4 alloy across a wide temperature range for modern aircrafts operating in increasingly harsh environments, the (TiB+TiC) hybrid reinforced TC4 composites were prepared by laser melting deposition (LMD) via the in-situ reaction between B_(4)C reinforcement and molten TC4 alloy. The effect of B_(4)C content (0, 0.5, 1.5, wt%) on the microstructure and room/high-temperature corrosion behaviour of the composites was investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that the microstructure of the composites was significantly influenced by the B_(4)C content. The composite containing 0.5 wt% B_(4)C exhibited an optimal microstructure characterized by refined grains, equiaxed α-Ti transformed from lath-shaped α-Ti, well-distributed (TiB+TiC) phases with a proper amount and reduced pore/dislocation defects. This composite also demonstrated the best corrosion resistance at both room temperature (25 ℃) and high temperature (800 ℃), which was primarily attributed to its comprehensive advantages including a favorable microstructure, a uniform dispersion of thermally stable (TiB+TiC) phases and a stable passivation film. 展开更多
关键词 Laser melting deposition Ti matrix composites B_(4)C reinforcement MICROSTRUCTURE Corrosion behaviour
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Review on Characteristic and Mechanical Behaviour of FGMs Prepared by Additive Manufacturing
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作者 Sainath Krishna Mani Iyer Prabagaran Subramaniam 《稀有金属材料与工程》 北大核心 2025年第6期1478-1488,共11页
The functionally graded materials(FGMs)are obtained by various processes.Although a few FGMs are obtained naturally,such as oyster,pearl,and bamboo,additive manufacturing(AM),known as 3D printing,is a net-shaped manuf... The functionally graded materials(FGMs)are obtained by various processes.Although a few FGMs are obtained naturally,such as oyster,pearl,and bamboo,additive manufacturing(AM),known as 3D printing,is a net-shaped manufacturing process employed to manufacture complex 3D objects without tools,molds,assembly,and joining.Currently,commercial AM techniques mostly use homogeneous composition with simplified geometric descriptions,employing a single material across the entire component to achieve functional graded additive manufacturing(FGAM),in contrast to multi-material FGAM with heterogeneous structures.FGMs are widely used in various fields due to their mechanical property advantages.Because FGM plays a significant role in the industrial production,the characteristics and mechanical behaviour of FGMs prepared by AM were reviewed.In this review,the research on FGMs and AM over the past 30 years was reviewed,suggesting that future researchers should focus on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in industry to optimize the process parameters of different gradient systems. 展开更多
关键词 additive manufacturing functionally graded material manufacturing process mechanical behaviour CHARACTERISTIC
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The Compound Indexing of Human Self-Similar Behavioural Patterns
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作者 Petr Kloucek Pavel Zakharov Armin von Gunten 《Applied Mathematics》 2016年第17期2212-2228,共18页
Applications of a constitutive framework providing compound complexity analysis and indexing of coarse-grained self-similar time series representing behavioural data are presented. A notion of behavioural entropy and ... Applications of a constitutive framework providing compound complexity analysis and indexing of coarse-grained self-similar time series representing behavioural data are presented. A notion of behavioural entropy and hysteresis is introduced as two different forms of compound measures. These measures provide clinically applicable complexity analysis of behavioural patterns yielding scalar characterisation of time-varying behaviours registered over an extended period of time. The behavioural data are obtained using body attached sensors providing non-invasive readings of heart rate, skin blood perfusion, blood oxygenation, skin temperature, movement and steps frequency. The results using compound measures of behavioural patterns of fifteen healthy individuals are presented. The application of the compound measures is shown to correlate with complexity analysis. The correlation is demonstrated using two healthy subjects compared against a control group. This indicates a possibility to use these measures in place of fractional dimensions to provide a finer characterisation of behavioural patterns observed using sensory data acquired over a long period of time. 展开更多
关键词 behavioural Complexity Physiological and behavioural Surrogate Data behavioural Entropy behavioural Hysteresis Seld-Similar Normally Distributed Precesses Non-Integer Hausdorff-Besicovitch Dimension Hurst Exponent
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The Effect of the Integrated Healthcare Working Model on Compliance Behaviour and Complications in Children with Inguinal Hernia in the Perioperative Laparoscopic Period
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作者 Qian Sun Jingchao Yang +1 位作者 Jing Liu Bei Yuan 《Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research》 2025年第3期57-63,共7页
This study aimed to explore the application effect of the medical and nursing integration working mode in children with inguinal hernia undergoing laparoscopic surgery and to provide a basis for its clinical promotion... This study aimed to explore the application effect of the medical and nursing integration working mode in children with inguinal hernia undergoing laparoscopic surgery and to provide a basis for its clinical promotion.A total of 70 children with inguinal hernia admitted to our hospital from July 2023 to June 2024 and treated with laparoscopic surgery were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 35 cases in each.Both groups received routine nursing care,while the observation group additionally adopted the integrated medical and nursing working mode,including systematic health education,psychological interventions,and postoperative follow-up from admission to discharge.The anxiety and depression scores of the two groups before and after surgery,medical compliance index,and incidence of complications during hospitalization were compared.Results showed that the preoperative anxiety scores of the observation and control groups were(14.01±1.07)and(14.62±2.31),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);however,postoperative anxiety scores were significantly lower in the observation group(4.01±0.77)compared to the control group(6.62±0.31)(P<0.05).Similarly,preoperative depression scores were(15.11±1.22)in the observation group and(15.41±2.01)in the control group(P>0.05),but postoperative depression scores were significantly reduced in the observation group(4.24±0.61)compared to the control group(7.12±0.54)(P<0.05).After intervention,the medical compliance behavior index in the observation group was(83.31±5.92),significantly higher than(75.34±6.73)in the control group(P<0.05).Regarding postoperative complications,only 1 case(2.86%)occurred in the observation group,while 8 cases(22.86%)were reported in the control group,showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).In conclusion,the medical and nursing integration working mode effectively improves the perioperative psychological state of children,enhances medical compliance,reduces postoperative complications,and is worthy of widespread clinical application. 展开更多
关键词 Healthcare integration Inguinal hernia LAPAROSCOPY Compliance behaviour COMPLICATIONS
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Objectively measured 24-h movement behaviours of child-guardian pairs in low-to-middle income households in Nairobi City County,Kenya
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作者 Lucy-Joy Wachira Nils Swindell +9 位作者 Noora Kanerva Muhoro Munuhe Timo Vuorimaa Tiina Laiho Sophie Ochola Maijaliisa Erkkola George Owino Gareth Stratton Mikael Fogelholm Vincent Onywera 《Sports Medicine and Health Science》 2025年第4期263-271,共9页
Background The decreasing prevalence of physical activity(PA)among urban children in Sub-Saharan Africa is a growing public health concern.More emphasis should focus on examining the influence of parental PA behaviour... Background The decreasing prevalence of physical activity(PA)among urban children in Sub-Saharan Africa is a growing public health concern.More emphasis should focus on examining the influence of parental PA behaviour on the children’s PA patterns.We explored associations of 24hour(h)accelerometer-measured movement behaviours of guardian-child pairs in Nairobi City County,Kenya.Methods This cross-sectional study assessed 80 pairs consisting of children aged 9-14 years and their guardians in one area of low and one area of middle socioeconomic status(SES)(Embakasi Sub-County and Lang’ata Sub-County),in Nairobi City County,Kenya.The study used waist worn Tri-axial Actigraph(GT3X+and ActiSleep+)accelerometers to quantify PA and sedentary time(SED).Association between guardians'and children’s PA was examined using linear regression,adjusting for guardians'educational attainment and household wealth.Results Of the children,42(52.5%)and 76(96.2%)of the guardians were women.Children in low SES areas spent more time(p<0.001)in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared to children from middle SES area.The guardians in low SES area were younger and spent more time in light PA(p=0.036)while their counterparts had higher daily SED(p=0.049).Guardian’s SED associated with higher children’s SED(p=0.033)even after adjusting for guardians'educational attainment(p=0.032)and wealth(p=0.05).There was no association between guardians'and children’s MVPA.Conclusion Considered alongside the extant literature,these results suggest that health promotion strategies should aim to reduce parental SED time while also planning to increase children’s PA. 展开更多
关键词 24-h movement behaviour Accelerometer Adolescents PARENT Physical activity Socio-economic status
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Hydrochar effects on the microstructure and hydromechanical behaviour of unsaturated compacted soils
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作者 Huan Dong Anthony Kwan Leung +2 位作者 Jianbin Liu Ali Akbar Karimzadeh Rui Chen 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 2025年第9期6045-6053,共9页
The effectiveness of using vegetation to stabilise shallow soil slopes heavily depends on the survival of vegetation,yet the amplification of extreme events induced by climate change threatens the health of plants cov... The effectiveness of using vegetation to stabilise shallow soil slopes heavily depends on the survival of vegetation,yet the amplification of extreme events induced by climate change threatens the health of plants covering slopes.Hydrochar is an environmentally friendly soil amender that can achieve the potential benefits of promoting plant growth for slope stabilisation and facilitation of waste upcycling.The mechanism underlying the hydrochar effects on the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils remains unclear.This study investigated the influence of grass-derived hydrochar on the water retention,compressibility,and shear strength of a compacted siltyeclay sand.Soil microstructural changes due to hydrochar amendment were measured to explain the soilehydrochar hydromechanical interaction.The increase in suction resulted in a less significant increase in yield stress and a negligible reduction in compressibility of the hydrochar-amended soil compared with the unamended case.This phenomenon was observed because hydrochar addition reduced the large pores with diameters greater than the macropore peak of 60 mm due to pore filling by hydrochar particles,resulting in a less substantial volume contraction during drying.Hydrochar introduced more significant effects on the soil’s shear strength in an unsaturated state compared to a saturated case.Despite the similarity of the unsaturated amended soil with the critical-state friction angle to the saturated case,the former exhibited a greater shear strength because the hydrochar addition improved water retention capability.As a result,the degree of saturation and,hence,Bishop’s effective stress were higher than those for the unamended case for a given suction. 展开更多
关键词 Hydrochar Saturated soils Unsaturated soils Mechanical behaviour Triaxial tests Critical state
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Effect of solution treatment temperature on ageing behaviour and mechanical properties of AlSi7Mg produced by laser powder bed fusion
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作者 James H.Warner Cecilie V.Funch +2 位作者 Kevin Sisco Simon P.Ringer Gwénaëlle Proust 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 2025年第29期227-238,共12页
AlSi7Mg is an age hardening aluminium alloy that is growing in popularity in additive manufacturing as its good processability makes it well suited to the powder bed fusion process,allowing for its use in the aerospac... AlSi7Mg is an age hardening aluminium alloy that is growing in popularity in additive manufacturing as its good processability makes it well suited to the powder bed fusion process,allowing for its use in the aerospace and automotive industries.The alloy relies on heat treatment to reach its peak strength,with precipitates in the Mg_(2) Si precipitation sequence providing the majority of this strengthening.Powder bed fusion,however,produces components with unique microstructures that differ to those of traditional manufacturing methods such as casting,meaning heat treatments must be carefully tailored for additively manufactured parts.This study therefore investigated the effects of solution treatment temperatures on the final properties and microstructures of T6 treated,additively manufactured AlSi7Mg.Due to the use of a heated build plate,samples aged from the as built and stress relieved conditions exhibited over ageing behaviour,necessitating a solution treatment step to induce useful strength properties.Solution treatments below 500℃were found to provide minimal strengthening upon ageing due to the pres-ence of theπ-Al_(18) Fe_(2)Mg_(7) Si_(10) phase,which reduced the amount of magnesium in solid solution and so reduced the age hardening response of the alloy by restricting the growth of strengthening precipitates.Solution treatments over 500℃,however,demonstrated excellent age hardening due to the replacement of theπ-Al_(18) Fe_(2)Mg_(7) Si_(10) phase with theβ-Al_(9)Fe_(2)Si_(2) phase,increasing the concentration of magnesium in solid solution and therefore improving its age hardening response.A T6 treatment then demonstrated an improvement in yield strength and ductility when compared to the as built state,but a decrease in tensile strength and impact toughness.The variability in the age hardening response of AlSi7Mg suggests that the careful selection of a solution treatment temperature is crucial to property optimisation. 展开更多
关键词 Additive manufacturing Aluminium alloy Microstructure evolution Ageing behaviour
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Compressive Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Recycled Building Glass Instead of Sand Aggregate in Concrete
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作者 Thanh-Quang-Khai Lam Thi-Thuy-Trang Vo K.S.Sreekeshava 《Journal of Building Material Science》 2025年第1期1-19,共19页
Exploring alternative aggregates or recycled aggregates to substitute traditional concrete aggregates,particularly sand aggregates,which are becoming more limited and must comply with environmental protection standard... Exploring alternative aggregates or recycled aggregates to substitute traditional concrete aggregates,particularly sand aggregates,which are becoming more limited and must comply with environmental protection standards,is essential.Research has explored various alternative materials to sand in concrete,including concrete from demolished buildings,and broken glass from projects,among others.Investigating the use of recycled broken glass to substitute sand aggregates and implementing this research in compression columns is crucial.This paper examines the compressive behavior of reinforced concrete columns that utilize recycled glass particles as a substitute for sand in concrete.The research findings establish the relationships:load and vertical displacement,load and deformation at the column head,mid-column,and column base;the formation and propagation of cracks in the column,while considering factors such as the percentage of recycled glass,the arrangement of stirrups,and the amount of load-bearing steel influencing the performance of square reinforced concrete columns under compression.The feasibility of using recycled glass as a substitute for sand in column structures subjected to compression has been demonstrated,with the ideal replacement content for sand aggregate in reinforced concrete columns in this study ranging from 0%to 10%.The column’s load-bearing ability dropped from 250 kN to 150 kN when 100%recycled glass was used instead of sand.This is a 40%drop,and cracks started to show up sooner.The research will support recycling broken glass instead of using sand in building,improving the environment and reducing natural sand use. 展开更多
关键词 Recycled Aggregate Compressive behaviour Sand Aggregate Concrete Mixture Vertical Displacement Recycled Glass
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Leader-employee calling congruence and voice behaviour: The mediating role of perceived insider status
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作者 Xiaolin Zhang Shujie Li Enguo Wang 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》 2025年第1期75-81,共7页
This study examined the relationship between leader-employee calling congruence on employees’voice behaviour.Participants were 173 leader-employee dyads from the Chinese service industry.They completed online surveys... This study examined the relationship between leader-employee calling congruence on employees’voice behaviour.Participants were 173 leader-employee dyads from the Chinese service industry.They completed online surveys on calling,perceived insider status,and voice behaviour.Results from polynomial regression and response surface analysis showed that employees perceived insider status to be weaker with the low leader-low subordinate calling congruence,and stronger with high leader and high subordinate calling congruence.Employees perceived insider status is stronger in low leader and high subordinate calling incongruence compared with high leader and low subordinate calling incongruence.Perceived insider status plays a mediating role among calling congruence and voice behaviour.This study’sfindings suggest pathways of calling congruence on voice behaviour,which are important for promoting employee voice behaviour and guiding organisational recruitment in the workplace. 展开更多
关键词 CALLING voice behaviour perceived insider status response surface analysis
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Profit Incentives and Organizational Behaviour:A Comparative Evaluation of Enterprise Forms
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作者 XU Duoxin 《Management Studies》 2025年第4期180-185,共6页
This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institu... This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institutional economics,it shows how the profit motive drives cost minimization,allocative efficiency,innovation,and consumer responsiveness.Profit expectations,formalized in endogenous growth models,act as catalysts for technological progress and dynamic efficiency,while agency-theoretic governance mechanisms align managerial incentives with shareholder interests.In contrast,government-owned enterprises operate under multi-objective welfare functions,often constrained by soft budget expectations,political interference,and X-inefficiencies that dilute efficiency.Charitable organizations,structured by the non-distribution constraint,emphasize social trust,equity,and mission fulfilment,supported by warm-glow altruism but constrained by free-rider problems and underfunding.A comparative evaluation suggests that profit-driven firms outperform in competitive markets producing private goods,whereas government and charitable forms play essential roles in addressing market failures and providing public or credence goods.The analysis affirms the institutionalist principle that ownership and governance structures must be aligned with the nature of the goods or services delivered. 展开更多
关键词 profit incentives organizational behaviour government-owned enterprises charitable organizations allocative efficiency innovation agency theory institutional economics
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Preschool-aged children 24-hour movement behaviours before and during COVID-19
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作者 Mingming Cui Xiaojuan Wang +5 位作者 Zhaoxu Lu Anthony D.Okely Katharina Kariippanon Ellie K.Taylor Ting Zhang Hongyan Guan 《Sports Medicine and Health Science》 2025年第4期249-255,共7页
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)affected health,economies,and lifestyles,but little is known about its impact on children.We aimed to... The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)affected health,economies,and lifestyles,but little is known about its impact on children.We aimed to investigate changes in 24-hour(h)movement behaviours of pre-school children before and during COVID-19,and factors that influenced these.Children aged 3-6 years were recruited in Beijing in 2019,and their movement behaviours over 24h assessed by questionnaire,as part of the International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years(SUNRISE)study.We conducted the survey again during COVID-19,and compared the children’s movement behaviours before and during COVID-19 and associated factors.Overall,196 parents completed the survey at both time points.The percentage of children meeting movement guidelines decreased during the pandemic(p<0.01).Total physical activity decreased less among children getting good quality sleep or with more adults in the household(p<0.01).Children who were not cared for primarily by their mother had a greater decrease in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity(p=0.02),but the decrease was smaller among children whose parents used the internet to support their physical activity and/or screen time(p<0.05).Children who used electronic screen devices in the 2h before bedtime or whose parents reported body temperature in webchats had a greater increase in sedentary screen time(p<0.05).Children spending more time outdoors showed a smaller decrease in sleep(p<0.01).Overall,children’s movement behaviours changed significantly during the pandemic. 展开更多
关键词 24-H movement behaviours Physical activity Sedentary screen time SLEEP CHILDREN COVID-19 pandemic
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Adhesive behaviour of ultrafine particulate matters from iron ore sintering flue gas on grate bar and control technique
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作者 Xiao-long Wang Zhi-yun Ji +6 位作者 Min Gan Xiao-hui Fan Wang Zhu Zeng-qing Sun Lin-cheng Liu Yu-feng Wu Dan Yu 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 2025年第7期1816-1829,共14页
Controlling the adhesion of potentially corrosive substances from flue gas on grate bar is crucial for extending the operational lifespan of the equipment.The adhesive behaviour and mechanism of ultrafine particulate ... Controlling the adhesion of potentially corrosive substances from flue gas on grate bar is crucial for extending the operational lifespan of the equipment.The adhesive behaviour and mechanism of ultrafine particulate matters(UPM)throughout the sintering process were elucidated,and measures to control adhesion on grate bars were developed.Research findings indicated that a small quantity of UPM were found on grate bar during the initial sintering stages(ignition stage and middle stageⅠandⅡ).The main compositions of UPM were FexOy-rich,CaO-rich,and aluminium silicate-rich particles.In contrast,corrosive substances like alkali metal compounds were almost absent.These UPM adhered onto grate bar primarily through inertial impaction.When moving to the final sintering stages(middle stageⅢand temperature rising stage),many UPM rich in corrosive substances like NaCl and KCl adhered to the grate bar.These UPM adhered to grate bar through thermal diffusion and vortex deposition.Solid waste water washing technology can greatly decrease the quantity of UPM(rich in NaCl and KCl)on the grate bar due to vortex deposition and thermal diffusion,and it represents a potentially promising way to control adhesion and corrosion on grate bars. 展开更多
关键词 Iron ore sintering Ultrafine particulate matter Grate bar Adhesion behaviour
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On fuzzy modelling of dynamic track behaviour
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作者 Katja Stampka Vincent Radmann +1 位作者 Jannik Theyssen Ennes Sarradj 《Railway Engineering Science》 2025年第3期474-495,共22页
Rolling noise is an important source of railway noise and depends also on the dynamic behaviour of a railway track.This is characterized by the point or transfer mobility and the track decay rate,which depend on a num... Rolling noise is an important source of railway noise and depends also on the dynamic behaviour of a railway track.This is characterized by the point or transfer mobility and the track decay rate,which depend on a number of track parameters.One possible reason for deviations between simulated and measured results for the dynamic track behaviour is the uncertainty of the value of some track parameters used as input for the simulation.This in turn results in an uncertainty in the simulation results.In this contribution,it is proposed to use the general transformation method to assess a uncertainty band for the results.Most relevant input parameters for determining the point input mobility and the track decay rate for a ballasted track are analysed with regard to the uncertainties and for the value of each an interval is determined.Then,the general transformation method is applied to four different simulation methods,working both in the frequency and time domains.For one example track,the resulting uncertainty bands are compared to one dataset with measurements for the point mobility and the track decay rate.In addition,a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the parameters that significantly influence the overall result.While all four simulation methods produce broad uncertainty bands for the results,none did match the measured results for the point mobility and the track decay rate over the entire frequency range considered.Besides the large influence of the uncertain pad stiffness,it turned out that the rail wear is also a significant source of uncertainty of the results.Overall,it is demonstrated that the proposed approach allows assessing the influence of uncertain input parameters in detail. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic track behaviour UNCERTAINTY General transformation method Track decay rate Rolling noise
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Structural determination and exotic resistive behaviour ofα-RuI3 under high-pressure
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作者 Zhongxiong Sun Haili Song +2 位作者 Mei-Huan Zhao Yijie Zeng Man-Rong Li 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 2025年第2期17-19,共3页
The exploratory synthesis and structural characterization of twodimensional(2D)honeycomb structured Ru-based compounds are key focuses in inorganic materials research,due to the various exotic electronic states arisin... The exploratory synthesis and structural characterization of twodimensional(2D)honeycomb structured Ru-based compounds are key focuses in inorganic materials research,due to the various exotic electronic states arising from the interplay of electron correlations and spinorbit coupling.Among these compounds,α-RuCl_(3) and RuBr_(3) are considered as the most promising candidates for quantum spin liquid(QSL)materials[1–3].As a homolog,α-RuI3 has attracted significant interest,but it still remains relatively unexplored.Recently,it was synthesized by high-temperature and high-pressure solid-state reaction,but reported to be different crystal structures by independent groups.Ni et al.and Nawa et al.considerα-RuI3 to be R-3(3R)and P-31c(2H)space group,respectively[4,5].Both structures have typical 2D characteristics,in which the edge-sharing RuI6 octahedra form honeycomb layers stacked along the c-axis.The primary difference lies in that the honeycomb layers stack in ABCABC mode in the 3R phase,while in ABAB mode in the 2H phase(Fig.S1).Yang et al.discussed the stability of 3R and 2H polymorphs in terms of the total energies and dynamics,finding both structures are stable.However,the total energy of the 2H phase is slightly higher,2.58 meV than that of the 3R analog[6].When it comes to the conductivity behaviour,α-RuCl3 andα-RuBr_(3) are semiconductors as normally observed in QSL materials.In contrast,α-RuI_(3) exhibits metallic response.In 2D materials,the band structure may be drastically modified by altering the stacking order[7].Hence,determining the crystal structure ofα-RuI_(3) is urgently required,which is a key step in comprehensive and in-depth analysis of its physical properties. 展开更多
关键词 high pressure two dimensional spinorbit couplingamong quantum spin exotic electronic states rui structural determination exotic resistive behaviour
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Human Behaviour Classification in Emergency Situations Using Machine Learning with Multimodal Data:A Systematic Review(2020-2025)
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作者 Mirza Murad Baig Muhammad Rehan Faheem +2 位作者 Lal Khan Hannan Adeel Syed Asim Ali Shah 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 2025年第12期2895-2935,共41页
With growing urban areas,the climate continues to change as a result of growing populations,and hence,the demand for better emergency response systems has become more important than ever.Human Behaviour Classi.cation(... With growing urban areas,the climate continues to change as a result of growing populations,and hence,the demand for better emergency response systems has become more important than ever.Human Behaviour Classi.cation(HBC)systems have started to play a vital role by analysing data from di.erent sources to detect signs of emergencies.These systems are being used inmany critical areas like healthcare,public safety,and disastermanagement to improve response time and to prepare ahead of time.But detecting human behaviour in such stressful conditions is not simple;it o.en comes with noisy data,missing information,and the need to react in real time.This review takes a deeper look at HBC research published between 2020 and 2025.and aims to answer.ve speci.c research questions.These questions cover the types of emergencies discussed in the literature,the datasets and sensors used,the e.ectiveness of machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)models,and the limitations that still exist in this.eld.We explored 120 papers that used di.erent types of datasets,some were based on sensor data,others on social media,and a few used hybrid approaches.Commonly used models included CNNs,LSTMs,and reinforcement learning methods to identify behaviours.Though a lot of progress has been made,the review found ongoing issues in combining sensors properly,reacting fast enough,and using more diverse datasets.Overall,from the.ndings we observed,the focus should be on building systems that use multiple sensors together,gather real-time data on a large scale,and produce results that are easier to interpret.Proper attention to privacy and ethical concerns needs to be addressed as well. 展开更多
关键词 Human behaviour ClassiThcation(HBC) public safety multimodal datasets privacy concerns missing information multi-sensor integration healthcare
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Addressing school refusal behaviour in Chinese children and adolescents
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作者 Junyi Xie Wenhong Cheng +1 位作者 Yifeng Xu Hao Yao 《General Psychiatry》 2025年第5期399-402,共4页
INTRODUCTION School refusal behaviour(SRB)has become an increasingly significant global issue.In China,the mental health of children and adolescents has emerged as a major soci-etal concern,prompting the development o... INTRODUCTION School refusal behaviour(SRB)has become an increasingly significant global issue.In China,the mental health of children and adolescents has emerged as a major soci-etal concern,prompting the development of related policy initiatives.The Chinese Ministry of Education,in collaboration with 17 other government departments,has issued a series of special action plans to address the mental health problems among Chinese children. 展开更多
关键词 special action plans school refusal children adolescents school refusal behaviour srb mental health policy initiatives mental health problems
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Precise modulation of the debonding behaviours of ultra-thin wafers by laser-induced hot stamping effect and thermoelastic stress wave for advanced packaging of chips
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作者 Jieyuan Zhang Yanlei Hu +6 位作者 Fangcheng Wang Qiang Liu Fangfang Niu Jinhui Li Mingqi Huang Guoping Zhang Rong Sun 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 2025年第1期395-407,共13页
Laser debonding technology has been widely used in advanced chip packaging,such as fan-out integration,2.5D/3D ICs,and MEMS devices.Typically,laser debonding of bonded pairs(R/R separation)is typically achieved by com... Laser debonding technology has been widely used in advanced chip packaging,such as fan-out integration,2.5D/3D ICs,and MEMS devices.Typically,laser debonding of bonded pairs(R/R separation)is typically achieved by completely removing the material from the ablation region within the release material layer at high energy densities.However,this R/R separation method often results in a significant amount of release material and carbonized debris remaining on the surface of the device wafer,severely reducing product yields and cleaning efficiency for ultra-thin device wafers.Here,we proposed an interfacial separation strategy based on laser-induced hot stamping effect and thermoelastic stress wave,which enables stress-free separation of wafer bonding pairs at the interface of the release layer and the adhesive layer(R/A separation).By comprehensively analyzing the micro-morphology and material composition of the release material,we elucidated the laser debonding behavior of bonded pairs under different separation modes.Additionally,we calculated the ablation threshold of the release material in the case of wafer bonding and established the processing window for different separation methods.This work offers a fresh perspective on the development and application of laser debonding technology.The proposed R/A interface separation method is versatile,controllable,and highly reliable,and does not leave release materials and carbonized debris on device wafers,demonstrating strong industrial adaptability,which greatly facilitates the application and development of advanced packaging for ultra-thin chips. 展开更多
关键词 laser debonding behaviours laser-induced hot stamping effect thermoelastic stress wave advanced packaging
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Reaction behaviour of Al_2O_3 and SiO_2 in high alumina coal fly ash during alkali hydrothermal process 被引量:21
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作者 蒋周青 杨静 +2 位作者 马鸿文 王乐 马玺 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第6期2065-2072,共8页
The reaction behaviours of A1203 and SiO2 in high alumina coal fly ash under various alkali hydrothermal conditions were studied. The means of XRD, XRF, FTIR and SEM were used to measure the mineral phase and morpholo... The reaction behaviours of A1203 and SiO2 in high alumina coal fly ash under various alkali hydrothermal conditions were studied. The means of XRD, XRF, FTIR and SEM were used to measure the mineral phase and morphology of the solid samples obtained by different alkali hydrothermal treatments as well as the leaching ratio of SiO2 to A1203 in alkali solution. The results showed that with the increase of the hydrothermal treating temperature from 75 to 160 ~C, phillipsite-Na, zeolite A, zeolite P, and hydroxysodalite were produced sequentially while the mullite and corundum phase still remained. Zeolite P was massively formed at low-alkali concentration and the hydroxysodalite was predominantly obtained at high-alkali concentration. By the dissolution of aluminosilicate glass and the formation of zeolites together, the leaching efficiency of SiO2 can reach 42.13% with the mass ratio of A1203/SIO2 up to 2.19:1. 展开更多
关键词 high alumina coal fly ash A1203 SIO2 alkali hydrothermal treatment reaction behaviour
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