One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly int...One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly into inclusive educational settings,thereby hindering their social adaptation and overall development.This study adopted a single-case design focusing on a first-grade student with autism enrolled in a mainstream class at Xiangxue Primary School,Huangpu District,Guangzhou.Functional behavior assessment was conducted to systematically observe and analyze the student’s repetitive motor behaviors in class,on the basis of which an intervention plan was developed and implemented.The intervention incorporated antecedent control,replacement behavior training,and consequence management,supplemented by collaboration between school and family.The findings indicated that the frequency of repetitive motor behaviors decreased significantly after the intervention,while the student demonstrated improved classroom participation and peer interaction;these positive effects were maintained during the follow-up phase.The study suggests that in inclusive education settings,interventions guided by functional behavior assessment can effectively reduce problem behaviors in children with autism and enhance their classroom engagement and learning adaptability.展开更多
The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activit...The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.展开更多
Biological invasions are a major driver of global biodiversity loss,impacting endemic species,ecosystems,and economies.Although the influence of life history traits on invasive success is well-established,the role of ...Biological invasions are a major driver of global biodiversity loss,impacting endemic species,ecosystems,and economies.Although the influence of life history traits on invasive success is well-established,the role of behavior in the invasive potential of animals is less studied.The common coqui frog,Eleutherodactylus coqui,is a highly successful invader in Hawai'i.We build on previous research characterizing changes in physiology and morphology to explore behavioral variation across the invasive range of coqui in Hawai'i.Coqui have expanded both outward and upward from their initial introduction site,andby comparing frogs from different densities and elevations-we specifically asked how the physiological challenges of high-elevation living interact with the competitive challenge of high-densities at population centers.To investigate whether differences in the field represent local adaptation or behavioral plasticity,we additionally evaluated behavior following acclimation to a shared laboratory environment.Although we identified only subtle behavioral variation among populations in the field,we found that individuals from all populations became less bold,active,and exploratory in the laboratory,converging on a similar behavioral phenotype.Alongside previous work,our results suggest that coqui adjust their behavior to local environmental conditions across their invasive range and that behavioral flexibility may contribute to invasive success.展开更多
In recent years,cyber threats have escalated across diverse sectors,with cybercrime syndicates increasingly exploiting system vulnerabilities.Traditional passive defense mechanisms have proven insufficient,particularl...In recent years,cyber threats have escalated across diverse sectors,with cybercrime syndicates increasingly exploiting system vulnerabilities.Traditional passive defense mechanisms have proven insufficient,particularly as Linux platforms—historically overlooked in favor of Windows—have emerged as frequent targets.According to Trend Micro,there has been a substantial increase in Linux-targeted malware,with ransomware attacks on Linux surpassing those on macOS.This alarming trend underscores the need for detection strategies specifically designed for Linux environments.To address this challenge,this study proposes a comprehensive malware detection framework tailored for Linux systems,integrating dynamic behavioral analysis with the semantic reasoning capabilities of large language models(LLMs).Malware samples are executed within sandbox environments to extract behavioral features such as system calls and command-line executions.These features are then systematically mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK framework,incorporating its defined data sources,data components,and Tactics,Techniques,and Procedures(TTPs).Two mapping constructs—Conceptual Definition Mapping and TTP Technical Keyword Mapping—are developed from official MITRE documentation.These resources are utilized to fine-tune an LLM,enabling it to semantically interpret complex behavioral patterns and infer associated attack techniques,including those employed by previously unknown malware variants.The resulting detection pipeline effectively bridges raw behavioral data with structured threat intelligence.Experimental evaluations confirm the efficacy of the proposed system,with the fine-tuned Gemma 2B model demonstrating significantly enhanced accuracy in associating behavioral features with ATT&CK-defined techniques.This study contributes a fully integrated Linux-specific detection framework,a novel approach for transforming unstructured behavioral data into actionable intelligence,improved interpretability of malicious behavior,and a scalable training process for future applications of LLMs in cybersecurity.展开更多
A common but flawed design in existing CNN architectures is using strided convolutions and/or pooling layer,which will result in the loss of fine-grained feature information,especially for low-resolution images and sm...A common but flawed design in existing CNN architectures is using strided convolutions and/or pooling layer,which will result in the loss of fine-grained feature information,especially for low-resolution images and small objects.In this paper,a new CNN building block named SPD-Conv was used,which completely eliminated stride and pooling operations and replaced them with a space-to-depth convolution and a non-strided convolution.Such new design has the advantage of downsampling feature maps while retaining discriminant feature information.It also represents a general unified method,which can be easily applied to any CNN architectures,and can also be applied to strided conversion and pooling in the same way.展开更多
The reservoir landslide undergoes periodic saturation-drying cycles affected by reservoir fluctuation in hydropower project area,leading to the irreversible impact on the landslide materials.Sliding zone is the sheari...The reservoir landslide undergoes periodic saturation-drying cycles affected by reservoir fluctuation in hydropower project area,leading to the irreversible impact on the landslide materials.Sliding zone is the shearing part in formation of landslide and controls the further development of landslide.The mechanical behavior of sliding zone soil under compression is a crucial factor in the stability analysis in landslides.In this paper,the sliding zone soil from a giant landslide in the biggest hydropower project area,Three Gorges Reservoir Area,is taken as the research case.The particlesize distribution of the sliding zone soil from this landslide is studied and fractal dimension is adopted as representation.Periodic saturation-drying is introduced as the affecting factor on sliding zone soil properties.The triaxial compression test is conducted to reveal the mechanical behavior of the soil,including stress-strain behavior,elastic modulus,failure stress and strength parameters.These behavior of sliding zone soils with different fractal dimensions are studied under the effects of periodic saturation-drying cycles.The normalized stress-strain curves are displayed for further calculation.The data considering saturation-drying cycles are obtained and compared with the experimental results.展开更多
In the evolving landscape of Tourette’s syndrome(TS)treatment,behavioral therapies have emerged as essential to address the comorbid psychological issues,as well as motor and vocal tics.This editorial comments on the...In the evolving landscape of Tourette’s syndrome(TS)treatment,behavioral therapies have emerged as essential to address the comorbid psychological issues,as well as motor and vocal tics.This editorial comments on the study by Wang et al,which showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)combined with habit reversal training significantly improved anxiety and tic severity in children with TS.We highlight the current status and future perspectives of behavioral interventions such as CBT,and comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics,demonstrating their efficacy in alleviating TS symptoms and improving patients'quality of life.Recognizing the multifaceted nature of TS,our discussion integrates empirical evidence from various studies to provide a comprehensive perspective on the role of behavioral therapy in the management of this complex condition.This editorial concludes by emphasizing the need for innovative strategies that may address the limitations of existing treatments and advocates a multidisciplinary approach that combines behavioral,pharmacological,and neurobiological interventions to improve outcomes for patients with TS.展开更多
Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the ...Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the species.In this study,we first classified and quantified the aggressive behavior,and established a crab aggressive behavior model,laying the foundation for subsequent research on evaluating combat intensity.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA),and cAMP in the hemolymph of the mud crabs before and after fighting were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and the mud crabs exhibited a significant increase of 5-HT(P<0.05),while the DA and cAMP decreased significantly(P<0.05).In addition,we applied EthoVision to examine the changes of the crab behavior after DA administration.After 0.5 h of injection,the movement speed,distance,duration of aggressive behavior,and intensity of aggression in the high concentration DA group were significantly higher than those in the saline injection group and the untreated control group(P<0.05).The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT PCR)analysis showed that the expression of DA 1 in the thoracic ganglia of the mud crabs was significantly down-regulated in the DA injection group,and the aggressive behavior was weakened.Conversely,DA1 expression was up-regulated when aggressive behavior was strengthened.Besides,there were significant differences in the expression levels of receptor expression genes including 5-HT1,5-HT2,and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH)in different tissues,indicating that the alteration of aggressive behavior of the mud crab after injection with different concentrations of DA could be regulated by changes in the expression levels of corresponding receptor genes.Our results contribute to a deeper analysis of the aggressive behavior mechanism of the mud crabs and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fighting-related mortalities in aquaculture.展开更多
A recent publication by Zhou et al.[1]in Neuron demonstrates that a specific interaction between astrocytes and a subtype of neurons has an influence on complex animal behavior,namely risk assessment.The majority of n...A recent publication by Zhou et al.[1]in Neuron demonstrates that a specific interaction between astrocytes and a subtype of neurons has an influence on complex animal behavior,namely risk assessment.The majority of neuroscientists analyzing the molecular and cellular substrate of behavior focus on neuronal circuits.Glial cells were originally described by Rudolf Virchow and the name glia refers to the Greek word for glue or putty.Thus,glial cells were long thought to represent simply the filling stuff of the brain.This view has changed dramatically in the last decades.The three major types of glial cells of the central nervous system fulfll diverse functions.Oligodendrocytes are the myelinforming cells and it has become evident that they are plastic and are able to influence neuronal connectivity.Microglia are the immune cells of the brain and interact with synapses during development,in plasticity,and very prominently in any disease of the nervous system.展开更多
Under the joint influence of the tourism boom brought by the Hangzhou Asian Games and the concept of"green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver",research on tourists'...Under the joint influence of the tourism boom brought by the Hangzhou Asian Games and the concept of"green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver",research on tourists'pro-environmental behavior has become particularly important.This study not only expands the application scope of the Theory of Planned Behavior,but also provides reference for promoting the brand of Xixi Wetland The study takes the Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou as a case study,with scenic tourists as the research subjects.Through questionnaire surveys,first-hand information was obtained,and the sample was analyzed using SPSSPRO software.Structural equation modeling analysis was also completed using SPSSPRO software.Research has shown that:(1)environmental responsibility has a positive impact on pro-environmental behavior intentions;(2)Local attachment positively influences pro-environmental behavior intentions;(3)Tourists'attitudes have a positive impact on local attachment;(4)Subjective norms have a positive impact on environmental responsibility;(5)Perceived behavioral control has a positive impact on environmental responsibility.This study provides a reference for future research on pro-environmental behavior and the application of planned behavior theory.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.Th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
This study is based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior(ETPB)and focuses on the elderly population in the main urban area of Chongqing to explore their intentions and influencing factors regarding health and we...This study is based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior(ETPB)and focuses on the elderly population in the main urban area of Chongqing to explore their intentions and influencing factors regarding health and wellness tourism behavior.Data was collected through questionnaire surveys and field research,and SPSS 26.0 and Amos 29.0 software were used for reliability,validity analysis,and structural equation modeling testing.The study shows that behavioral attitude,perceived behavior control,and the context of health and wellness tourism have a significant positive impact on the elderly’s intentions regarding health and wellness tourism behavior,while the influence of subjective norms is not significant.In addition,subjective norms have a significant positive effect on behavioral attitudes and perceived behavioral control.Based on the research conclusions,suggestions are made to strengthen the behavioral intention of elderly tourists to participate in health and wellness tourism.展开更多
This paper examines the travel behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)patients in Nanchang City in central China.Based on the HFMD patients’hospital visitation data from the Center of Disease Control(CDC)of Na...This paper examines the travel behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)patients in Nanchang City in central China.Based on the HFMD patients’hospital visitation data from the Center of Disease Control(CDC)of Nanchang in 2018,a spatial network of patient-to-hospital trip flows is constructed.A Geographic Information Systems(GIS)automated network community detec-tion method,termed‘ScLeiden’,is utilized to delineate the study area into six hospital service areas(HSAs)to represent distinctive health care markets.Patients’travel patterns across these HSAs are compared to highlight the geographic disparity.In two HSAs anchored by major hospitals in the regions,the volume of patients increased up to a travel range and then declined,and thus formed a single peak in the trip volume distribution curve across travel time.Each of the remaining four HSAs exhibited two or more peaks in their trip volume distribution curves.The patterns reflected the split choices of patients for the largest Children Hospital in the region,the second-tier county hospital,or others,which were likely to be stratified by their economic affordability,transportation means,and possible health literacy.The study provides valuable insights into the delineation of HSAs and the unique patients’travel behaviors in China.展开更多
This study examined the positive changes that water-based nail treatments can bring to emotions and behavior in children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children.Children who do not attend...This study examined the positive changes that water-based nail treatments can bring to emotions and behavior in children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children.Children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children were given water-based nail treatments about once a week for three months.In addition,the parents of these children were asked to respond to questions about their children’s daily activities.The results showed that natural communication through nail treatments significantly increased positive emotions.However,continued nail treatments did not reduce the children’s problem behaviors.Some children returned to school,while others continued not attending school.Increased frequency of visits and number of treatments confirmed the promotion of communication.It was suggested that building positive relationships with family and supporters is important for achieving sustained effects from nail treatments.This study showed that nail treatments are a useful tool for promoting positive emotions,self-acceptance,and social skills,and may contribute to the emotional growth and social interest of children who do not attend school.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System(BIS/BAS)scales among stroke survivors.Methods:The cross-sectio...Objective:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System(BIS/BAS)scales among stroke survivors.Methods:The cross-sectional study was conducted at four comprehensive hospitals in Taizhou,Jiangsu,China.A sample of 232 first-ever stroke survivors were recruited from June to August 2023.Validity was examined using face validity and construct validity,which used confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and known-group analysis.Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results:The BIS/BAS scales demonstrated satisfactory face validity.The findings of CFAs supported the original four-factor structure of BAS-reward,BAS-drive,BAS-fun seeking,and BIS with acceptable model fit indices.Discriminative validity,assessed via known-group analysis,indicated that stroke survivors with probable depression had significantly lower mean BAS-reward,BAS-drive,and BAS-fun seeking scores(P<0.001)and a higher mean BIS score(P=0.028)compared to those without probable depression.The internal consistency,measured by Cronbach’s a coefficients for the subscales,ranged from 0.669 to 0.964.Test-retest reliability,assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients,ranged from 0.61 to 0.93.Conclusions:The Chinese version of the BIS/BAS scales could be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring behavioral activation among stroke survivors.展开更多
Magnesium matrix composites with both high strength and ductility have been achieved by introducing pure Ti particles.However,the properties of the surfaces of the composites need to be improved by surface technology,...Magnesium matrix composites with both high strength and ductility have been achieved by introducing pure Ti particles.However,the properties of the surfaces of the composites need to be improved by surface technology,such as micro-arc oxidation(MAO).In this study,we investigated the influence of the Ti-reinforcement phase on coating growth and evolution by subjecting both AZ91 alloy and AZ91/Ti composite to MAO treatment using silicate-based and phosphate-based electrolytes.Results revealed that the Ti-reinforcement phase influenced the MAO process,altering discharge behavior,and leading to a decreased cell voltage.The vigorous discharge of the Ti-reinforcement phase induced the formation of coating discharge channels,concurrently dissolving and oxidizing Ti-reinforcement to produce a composite ceramic coating with TiO2.The MAO coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited a dark blue macromorphology and distinctive local micromorphological anomalies.In silicate electrolyte,a“volcano-like”localized morphology centered on the discharge channel emerged.In contrast,treatment in phosphate-based electrolyte resulted in a coating morphology similar to typical porous ceramic coatings,with visible radial discharge micropores at the reinforcement phase location.Compared to the AZ91 alloy,the coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited lower thickness and higher porosity.MAO treatment reduced the self-corrosion current density of the AZ91/Ti surface by two orders of magnitude.The silicate coating demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the phosphate coating,attributed to its lower porosity.The formation mechanism of MAO coatings on AZ91/Ti composites in phosphate-based and silicate-based electrolytes was proposed.展开更多
Efficient lubrication of magnesium alloys is a highly challenging topic in the field of tribology.In this study,magnesium silicate hydroxide(MSH)nanotubes with serpentine structures were synthesized.The tribological b...Efficient lubrication of magnesium alloys is a highly challenging topic in the field of tribology.In this study,magnesium silicate hydroxide(MSH)nanotubes with serpentine structures were synthesized.The tribological behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy rubbed against GCr15 steel was studied under lubricating oil with surface-modified MSH nanotubes as additives.The effects of the concentration,applied load,and reciprocating frequency on the friction and wear of the AZ91D alloy were studied using an SRV-4 sliding wear tester.Results show a decrease of 18.7–68.5%in friction coefficient,and a reduction of 19.4–54.3%in wear volume of magnesium alloy can be achieved by applying the synthetic serpentine additive under different conditions.A suspension containing 0.3 wt.%MSH was most efficient in reducing wear and friction.High frequency and medium load were more conducive to improving the tribological properties of magnesium alloys.A series of beneficial physical and chemical processes occurring at the AZ91D alloy/steel interface can be used to explain friction and wear reduction based on the characterization of the morphology,chemical composition,chemical state,microstructure,and nanomechanical properties of the worn surface.The synthetic MSH,with serpentine structure and nanotube morphology,possesses excellent adsorbability,high chemical activity,and good self-lubrication and catalytic activity.Therefore,physical polishing,tribochemical reactions,and physicalchemical depositions can occur easily on the sliding contacts.A dense tribolayer with a complex composition and composite structure was formed on the worn surface.Its high hardness,good toughness and plasticity,and prominent lubricity resulted in the improvement of friction and wear,making the synthetic MSH a promising efficient oil additive for magnesium alloys under boundary and mixed lubrication.展开更多
The performance of Mg alloys is significantly influenced by the concentrations and solid solution behavior of the alloying elements.In this work,the solid solution behavior of 20 alloying elements in 190 ternary Mg al...The performance of Mg alloys is significantly influenced by the concentrations and solid solution behavior of the alloying elements.In this work,the solid solution behavior of 20 alloying elements in 190 ternary Mg alloy systems at 500℃are systematically investigated.The solid solution behavior of a set of two different alloying elements in Mg alloy systems are suggested to be classified into three categories:inclusivity,exclusivity and proportionality.Inclusivity classification indicates that the two alloying elements are inclusive inα-Mg,increasing the joint solubility of both elements.Exclusivity classification suggests that the two alloying elements have a low joint solid solubility inα-Mg,since they prefer to form stable second phases.For the proportionality classification,the solubility curve of the ternary Mg alloy systems is a straight line connecting the solubility points of the two sub-binary systems.The proposed classification theory was validated by key experiments and the calculation of formation energies.The interaction effects between alloying elements and the preference of formation of second phases are the main factors determining the solid solution behavior classifications.Based on the observed solid solution features of multi-component Mg alloys,principles for alloy design of different types of high-performance Mg alloys were proposed in this work.展开更多
This study aims to explore the characteristics of novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors in classroom teaching and their intervention strategies.With the continuous improvement of education quality,novice teachers f...This study aims to explore the characteristics of novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors in classroom teaching and their intervention strategies.With the continuous improvement of education quality,novice teachers face increasing challenges in teaching practice.Their inappropriate behaviors not only affect the classroom atmosphere but may also negatively impact students’learning outcomes.Therefore,researching the characteristics of novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors and their intervention strategies holds significant scientific and social value.This study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the behavioral patterns of novice teachers in classroom teaching and proposes corresponding intervention strategies.The results indicate that novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors mainly manifest as poor classroom management,monotonous teaching methods,and insufficient interaction with students.Based on these findings,the study proposes a series of effective intervention strategies,including enhancing teacher training,optimizing teaching design,and promoting positive interactions between teachers and students.The conclusions of the study not only provide practical guidance for educational practice but also point out directions for future research,emphasizing the crucial role of teacher professional development in improving teaching quality.展开更多
The undrained mechanical behavior of unsaturated completely weathered granite(CWG)is highly susceptible to alterations in the hydraulic environment,particularly under uniaxial loading conditions,due to the unique natu...The undrained mechanical behavior of unsaturated completely weathered granite(CWG)is highly susceptible to alterations in the hydraulic environment,particularly under uniaxial loading conditions,due to the unique nature of this soil type.In this study,a series of unconfined compression tests were carried out on unsaturated CWG soil in an underground engineering site,and the effects of varying the environmental variables on the main undrained mechanical properties were analyzed.Based on the experimental results,a novel constitutive model was then established using the damage mechanics theory and the undetermined coefficient method.The results demonstrate that the curves of remolded CWG specimens with different moisture contents and dry densities exhibited diverse characteristics,including brittleness,significant softening,and ductility.As a typical indicator,the unconfined compression strength of soil specimens initially increased with an increase in moisture content and then decreased.Meanwhile,an optimal moisture content of approximately 10.5%could be observed,while a critical moisture content value of 13.0%was identified,beyond which the strength of the specimen decreases sharply.Moreover,the deformation and fracture of CWG specimens were predominantly caused by shear failure,and the ultimate failure modes were primarily influenced by moisture content rather than dry density.Furthermore,by comparing several similar models and the experimental data,the proposed model could accurately replicate the undrained mechanical characteristics of unsaturated CWG soil,and quantitatively describe the key mechanical indexes.These findings offer a valuable reference point for understanding the underlying mechanisms,anticipating potential risks,and implementing effective control measures in similar underground engineering projects.展开更多
文摘One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly into inclusive educational settings,thereby hindering their social adaptation and overall development.This study adopted a single-case design focusing on a first-grade student with autism enrolled in a mainstream class at Xiangxue Primary School,Huangpu District,Guangzhou.Functional behavior assessment was conducted to systematically observe and analyze the student’s repetitive motor behaviors in class,on the basis of which an intervention plan was developed and implemented.The intervention incorporated antecedent control,replacement behavior training,and consequence management,supplemented by collaboration between school and family.The findings indicated that the frequency of repetitive motor behaviors decreased significantly after the intervention,while the student demonstrated improved classroom participation and peer interaction;these positive effects were maintained during the follow-up phase.The study suggests that in inclusive education settings,interventions guided by functional behavior assessment can effectively reduce problem behaviors in children with autism and enhance their classroom engagement and learning adaptability.
基金funded in part by the German Research Foundation(Grant reference:496846758).
文摘The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.
基金supported by the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project 1026333(ILLU-875-984 to K.M.S)a University of Ilinois Graduate College Master's Fellowship(to K.M.S)+2 种基金a University of Illinois Graduate College Travel Award(to K.M.S)Ilinois State Toll Highway Authority funding(to D.E and A.L.C)University of Illinois Laboratory Start-up funds(to E.K.F).
文摘Biological invasions are a major driver of global biodiversity loss,impacting endemic species,ecosystems,and economies.Although the influence of life history traits on invasive success is well-established,the role of behavior in the invasive potential of animals is less studied.The common coqui frog,Eleutherodactylus coqui,is a highly successful invader in Hawai'i.We build on previous research characterizing changes in physiology and morphology to explore behavioral variation across the invasive range of coqui in Hawai'i.Coqui have expanded both outward and upward from their initial introduction site,andby comparing frogs from different densities and elevations-we specifically asked how the physiological challenges of high-elevation living interact with the competitive challenge of high-densities at population centers.To investigate whether differences in the field represent local adaptation or behavioral plasticity,we additionally evaluated behavior following acclimation to a shared laboratory environment.Although we identified only subtle behavioral variation among populations in the field,we found that individuals from all populations became less bold,active,and exploratory in the laboratory,converging on a similar behavioral phenotype.Alongside previous work,our results suggest that coqui adjust their behavior to local environmental conditions across their invasive range and that behavioral flexibility may contribute to invasive success.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Council under grant number 113-2221-E-027-126-MY3.
文摘In recent years,cyber threats have escalated across diverse sectors,with cybercrime syndicates increasingly exploiting system vulnerabilities.Traditional passive defense mechanisms have proven insufficient,particularly as Linux platforms—historically overlooked in favor of Windows—have emerged as frequent targets.According to Trend Micro,there has been a substantial increase in Linux-targeted malware,with ransomware attacks on Linux surpassing those on macOS.This alarming trend underscores the need for detection strategies specifically designed for Linux environments.To address this challenge,this study proposes a comprehensive malware detection framework tailored for Linux systems,integrating dynamic behavioral analysis with the semantic reasoning capabilities of large language models(LLMs).Malware samples are executed within sandbox environments to extract behavioral features such as system calls and command-line executions.These features are then systematically mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK framework,incorporating its defined data sources,data components,and Tactics,Techniques,and Procedures(TTPs).Two mapping constructs—Conceptual Definition Mapping and TTP Technical Keyword Mapping—are developed from official MITRE documentation.These resources are utilized to fine-tune an LLM,enabling it to semantically interpret complex behavioral patterns and infer associated attack techniques,including those employed by previously unknown malware variants.The resulting detection pipeline effectively bridges raw behavioral data with structured threat intelligence.Experimental evaluations confirm the efficacy of the proposed system,with the fine-tuned Gemma 2B model demonstrating significantly enhanced accuracy in associating behavioral features with ATT&CK-defined techniques.This study contributes a fully integrated Linux-specific detection framework,a novel approach for transforming unstructured behavioral data into actionable intelligence,improved interpretability of malicious behavior,and a scalable training process for future applications of LLMs in cybersecurity.
文摘A common but flawed design in existing CNN architectures is using strided convolutions and/or pooling layer,which will result in the loss of fine-grained feature information,especially for low-resolution images and small objects.In this paper,a new CNN building block named SPD-Conv was used,which completely eliminated stride and pooling operations and replaced them with a space-to-depth convolution and a non-strided convolution.Such new design has the advantage of downsampling feature maps while retaining discriminant feature information.It also represents a general unified method,which can be easily applied to any CNN architectures,and can also be applied to strided conversion and pooling in the same way.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42107194,42090054,42377182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.CUGL190810)the Open Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Rock-Soil Drilling&Excavation and Protection,Ministry of Education(No.201802)。
文摘The reservoir landslide undergoes periodic saturation-drying cycles affected by reservoir fluctuation in hydropower project area,leading to the irreversible impact on the landslide materials.Sliding zone is the shearing part in formation of landslide and controls the further development of landslide.The mechanical behavior of sliding zone soil under compression is a crucial factor in the stability analysis in landslides.In this paper,the sliding zone soil from a giant landslide in the biggest hydropower project area,Three Gorges Reservoir Area,is taken as the research case.The particlesize distribution of the sliding zone soil from this landslide is studied and fractal dimension is adopted as representation.Periodic saturation-drying is introduced as the affecting factor on sliding zone soil properties.The triaxial compression test is conducted to reveal the mechanical behavior of the soil,including stress-strain behavior,elastic modulus,failure stress and strength parameters.These behavior of sliding zone soils with different fractal dimensions are studied under the effects of periodic saturation-drying cycles.The normalized stress-strain curves are displayed for further calculation.The data considering saturation-drying cycles are obtained and compared with the experimental results.
文摘In the evolving landscape of Tourette’s syndrome(TS)treatment,behavioral therapies have emerged as essential to address the comorbid psychological issues,as well as motor and vocal tics.This editorial comments on the study by Wang et al,which showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)combined with habit reversal training significantly improved anxiety and tic severity in children with TS.We highlight the current status and future perspectives of behavioral interventions such as CBT,and comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics,demonstrating their efficacy in alleviating TS symptoms and improving patients'quality of life.Recognizing the multifaceted nature of TS,our discussion integrates empirical evidence from various studies to provide a comprehensive perspective on the role of behavioral therapy in the management of this complex condition.This editorial concludes by emphasizing the need for innovative strategies that may address the limitations of existing treatments and advocates a multidisciplinary approach that combines behavioral,pharmacological,and neurobiological interventions to improve outcomes for patients with TS.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD2401005)the Key R&D Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z059)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University。
文摘Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the species.In this study,we first classified and quantified the aggressive behavior,and established a crab aggressive behavior model,laying the foundation for subsequent research on evaluating combat intensity.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA),and cAMP in the hemolymph of the mud crabs before and after fighting were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and the mud crabs exhibited a significant increase of 5-HT(P<0.05),while the DA and cAMP decreased significantly(P<0.05).In addition,we applied EthoVision to examine the changes of the crab behavior after DA administration.After 0.5 h of injection,the movement speed,distance,duration of aggressive behavior,and intensity of aggression in the high concentration DA group were significantly higher than those in the saline injection group and the untreated control group(P<0.05).The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT PCR)analysis showed that the expression of DA 1 in the thoracic ganglia of the mud crabs was significantly down-regulated in the DA injection group,and the aggressive behavior was weakened.Conversely,DA1 expression was up-regulated when aggressive behavior was strengthened.Besides,there were significant differences in the expression levels of receptor expression genes including 5-HT1,5-HT2,and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH)in different tissues,indicating that the alteration of aggressive behavior of the mud crab after injection with different concentrations of DA could be regulated by changes in the expression levels of corresponding receptor genes.Our results contribute to a deeper analysis of the aggressive behavior mechanism of the mud crabs and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fighting-related mortalities in aquaculture.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases(ZDSYS20220304163558001).
文摘A recent publication by Zhou et al.[1]in Neuron demonstrates that a specific interaction between astrocytes and a subtype of neurons has an influence on complex animal behavior,namely risk assessment.The majority of neuroscientists analyzing the molecular and cellular substrate of behavior focus on neuronal circuits.Glial cells were originally described by Rudolf Virchow and the name glia refers to the Greek word for glue or putty.Thus,glial cells were long thought to represent simply the filling stuff of the brain.This view has changed dramatically in the last decades.The three major types of glial cells of the central nervous system fulfll diverse functions.Oligodendrocytes are the myelinforming cells and it has become evident that they are plastic and are able to influence neuronal connectivity.Microglia are the immune cells of the brain and interact with synapses during development,in plasticity,and very prominently in any disease of the nervous system.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(Grant No.22NDYD23YB).
文摘Under the joint influence of the tourism boom brought by the Hangzhou Asian Games and the concept of"green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver",research on tourists'pro-environmental behavior has become particularly important.This study not only expands the application scope of the Theory of Planned Behavior,but also provides reference for promoting the brand of Xixi Wetland The study takes the Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou as a case study,with scenic tourists as the research subjects.Through questionnaire surveys,first-hand information was obtained,and the sample was analyzed using SPSSPRO software.Structural equation modeling analysis was also completed using SPSSPRO software.Research has shown that:(1)environmental responsibility has a positive impact on pro-environmental behavior intentions;(2)Local attachment positively influences pro-environmental behavior intentions;(3)Tourists'attitudes have a positive impact on local attachment;(4)Subjective norms have a positive impact on environmental responsibility;(5)Perceived behavioral control has a positive impact on environmental responsibility.This study provides a reference for future research on pro-environmental behavior and the application of planned behavior theory.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.
基金Chongqing University of Science and Technology 2024 Postgraduate Innovation Program(YKJCX2420803)。
文摘This study is based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior(ETPB)and focuses on the elderly population in the main urban area of Chongqing to explore their intentions and influencing factors regarding health and wellness tourism behavior.Data was collected through questionnaire surveys and field research,and SPSS 26.0 and Amos 29.0 software were used for reliability,validity analysis,and structural equation modeling testing.The study shows that behavioral attitude,perceived behavior control,and the context of health and wellness tourism have a significant positive impact on the elderly’s intentions regarding health and wellness tourism behavior,while the influence of subjective norms is not significant.In addition,subjective norms have a significant positive effect on behavioral attitudes and perceived behavioral control.Based on the research conclusions,suggestions are made to strengthen the behavioral intention of elderly tourists to participate in health and wellness tourism.
文摘This paper examines the travel behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)patients in Nanchang City in central China.Based on the HFMD patients’hospital visitation data from the Center of Disease Control(CDC)of Nanchang in 2018,a spatial network of patient-to-hospital trip flows is constructed.A Geographic Information Systems(GIS)automated network community detec-tion method,termed‘ScLeiden’,is utilized to delineate the study area into six hospital service areas(HSAs)to represent distinctive health care markets.Patients’travel patterns across these HSAs are compared to highlight the geographic disparity.In two HSAs anchored by major hospitals in the regions,the volume of patients increased up to a travel range and then declined,and thus formed a single peak in the trip volume distribution curve across travel time.Each of the remaining four HSAs exhibited two or more peaks in their trip volume distribution curves.The patterns reflected the split choices of patients for the largest Children Hospital in the region,the second-tier county hospital,or others,which were likely to be stratified by their economic affordability,transportation means,and possible health literacy.The study provides valuable insights into the delineation of HSAs and the unique patients’travel behaviors in China.
基金supported by a research grant from the Hoyu Science Foundation in 2023.
文摘This study examined the positive changes that water-based nail treatments can bring to emotions and behavior in children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children.Children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children were given water-based nail treatments about once a week for three months.In addition,the parents of these children were asked to respond to questions about their children’s daily activities.The results showed that natural communication through nail treatments significantly increased positive emotions.However,continued nail treatments did not reduce the children’s problem behaviors.Some children returned to school,while others continued not attending school.Increased frequency of visits and number of treatments confirmed the promotion of communication.It was suggested that building positive relationships with family and supporters is important for achieving sustained effects from nail treatments.This study showed that nail treatments are a useful tool for promoting positive emotions,self-acceptance,and social skills,and may contribute to the emotional growth and social interest of children who do not attend school.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System(BIS/BAS)scales among stroke survivors.Methods:The cross-sectional study was conducted at four comprehensive hospitals in Taizhou,Jiangsu,China.A sample of 232 first-ever stroke survivors were recruited from June to August 2023.Validity was examined using face validity and construct validity,which used confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and known-group analysis.Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results:The BIS/BAS scales demonstrated satisfactory face validity.The findings of CFAs supported the original four-factor structure of BAS-reward,BAS-drive,BAS-fun seeking,and BIS with acceptable model fit indices.Discriminative validity,assessed via known-group analysis,indicated that stroke survivors with probable depression had significantly lower mean BAS-reward,BAS-drive,and BAS-fun seeking scores(P<0.001)and a higher mean BIS score(P=0.028)compared to those without probable depression.The internal consistency,measured by Cronbach’s a coefficients for the subscales,ranged from 0.669 to 0.964.Test-retest reliability,assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients,ranged from 0.61 to 0.93.Conclusions:The Chinese version of the BIS/BAS scales could be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring behavioral activation among stroke survivors.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2020B0301030006).
文摘Magnesium matrix composites with both high strength and ductility have been achieved by introducing pure Ti particles.However,the properties of the surfaces of the composites need to be improved by surface technology,such as micro-arc oxidation(MAO).In this study,we investigated the influence of the Ti-reinforcement phase on coating growth and evolution by subjecting both AZ91 alloy and AZ91/Ti composite to MAO treatment using silicate-based and phosphate-based electrolytes.Results revealed that the Ti-reinforcement phase influenced the MAO process,altering discharge behavior,and leading to a decreased cell voltage.The vigorous discharge of the Ti-reinforcement phase induced the formation of coating discharge channels,concurrently dissolving and oxidizing Ti-reinforcement to produce a composite ceramic coating with TiO2.The MAO coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited a dark blue macromorphology and distinctive local micromorphological anomalies.In silicate electrolyte,a“volcano-like”localized morphology centered on the discharge channel emerged.In contrast,treatment in phosphate-based electrolyte resulted in a coating morphology similar to typical porous ceramic coatings,with visible radial discharge micropores at the reinforcement phase location.Compared to the AZ91 alloy,the coating on the AZ91/Ti composite exhibited lower thickness and higher porosity.MAO treatment reduced the self-corrosion current density of the AZ91/Ti surface by two orders of magnitude.The silicate coating demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the phosphate coating,attributed to its lower porosity.The formation mechanism of MAO coatings on AZ91/Ti composites in phosphate-based and silicate-based electrolytes was proposed.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 52075544)Innovation Funds of Jihua Laboratory(X220971UZ230)+1 种基金Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515110649)Funds from Research Platforms of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2022ZDJS038).
文摘Efficient lubrication of magnesium alloys is a highly challenging topic in the field of tribology.In this study,magnesium silicate hydroxide(MSH)nanotubes with serpentine structures were synthesized.The tribological behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy rubbed against GCr15 steel was studied under lubricating oil with surface-modified MSH nanotubes as additives.The effects of the concentration,applied load,and reciprocating frequency on the friction and wear of the AZ91D alloy were studied using an SRV-4 sliding wear tester.Results show a decrease of 18.7–68.5%in friction coefficient,and a reduction of 19.4–54.3%in wear volume of magnesium alloy can be achieved by applying the synthetic serpentine additive under different conditions.A suspension containing 0.3 wt.%MSH was most efficient in reducing wear and friction.High frequency and medium load were more conducive to improving the tribological properties of magnesium alloys.A series of beneficial physical and chemical processes occurring at the AZ91D alloy/steel interface can be used to explain friction and wear reduction based on the characterization of the morphology,chemical composition,chemical state,microstructure,and nanomechanical properties of the worn surface.The synthetic MSH,with serpentine structure and nanotube morphology,possesses excellent adsorbability,high chemical activity,and good self-lubrication and catalytic activity.Therefore,physical polishing,tribochemical reactions,and physicalchemical depositions can occur easily on the sliding contacts.A dense tribolayer with a complex composition and composite structure was formed on the worn surface.Its high hardness,good toughness and plasticity,and prominent lubricity resulted in the improvement of friction and wear,making the synthetic MSH a promising efficient oil additive for magnesium alloys under boundary and mixed lubrication.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:52171100,U20A20234)National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2021YFB3701100)。
文摘The performance of Mg alloys is significantly influenced by the concentrations and solid solution behavior of the alloying elements.In this work,the solid solution behavior of 20 alloying elements in 190 ternary Mg alloy systems at 500℃are systematically investigated.The solid solution behavior of a set of two different alloying elements in Mg alloy systems are suggested to be classified into three categories:inclusivity,exclusivity and proportionality.Inclusivity classification indicates that the two alloying elements are inclusive inα-Mg,increasing the joint solubility of both elements.Exclusivity classification suggests that the two alloying elements have a low joint solid solubility inα-Mg,since they prefer to form stable second phases.For the proportionality classification,the solubility curve of the ternary Mg alloy systems is a straight line connecting the solubility points of the two sub-binary systems.The proposed classification theory was validated by key experiments and the calculation of formation energies.The interaction effects between alloying elements and the preference of formation of second phases are the main factors determining the solid solution behavior classifications.Based on the observed solid solution features of multi-component Mg alloys,principles for alloy design of different types of high-performance Mg alloys were proposed in this work.
文摘This study aims to explore the characteristics of novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors in classroom teaching and their intervention strategies.With the continuous improvement of education quality,novice teachers face increasing challenges in teaching practice.Their inappropriate behaviors not only affect the classroom atmosphere but may also negatively impact students’learning outcomes.Therefore,researching the characteristics of novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors and their intervention strategies holds significant scientific and social value.This study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the behavioral patterns of novice teachers in classroom teaching and proposes corresponding intervention strategies.The results indicate that novice teachers’inappropriate behaviors mainly manifest as poor classroom management,monotonous teaching methods,and insufficient interaction with students.Based on these findings,the study proposes a series of effective intervention strategies,including enhancing teacher training,optimizing teaching design,and promoting positive interactions between teachers and students.The conclusions of the study not only provide practical guidance for educational practice but also point out directions for future research,emphasizing the crucial role of teacher professional development in improving teaching quality.
基金Project(42202318)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(252300421199)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,ChinaProject(2024JJ6219)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The undrained mechanical behavior of unsaturated completely weathered granite(CWG)is highly susceptible to alterations in the hydraulic environment,particularly under uniaxial loading conditions,due to the unique nature of this soil type.In this study,a series of unconfined compression tests were carried out on unsaturated CWG soil in an underground engineering site,and the effects of varying the environmental variables on the main undrained mechanical properties were analyzed.Based on the experimental results,a novel constitutive model was then established using the damage mechanics theory and the undetermined coefficient method.The results demonstrate that the curves of remolded CWG specimens with different moisture contents and dry densities exhibited diverse characteristics,including brittleness,significant softening,and ductility.As a typical indicator,the unconfined compression strength of soil specimens initially increased with an increase in moisture content and then decreased.Meanwhile,an optimal moisture content of approximately 10.5%could be observed,while a critical moisture content value of 13.0%was identified,beyond which the strength of the specimen decreases sharply.Moreover,the deformation and fracture of CWG specimens were predominantly caused by shear failure,and the ultimate failure modes were primarily influenced by moisture content rather than dry density.Furthermore,by comparing several similar models and the experimental data,the proposed model could accurately replicate the undrained mechanical characteristics of unsaturated CWG soil,and quantitatively describe the key mechanical indexes.These findings offer a valuable reference point for understanding the underlying mechanisms,anticipating potential risks,and implementing effective control measures in similar underground engineering projects.
