In order to investigate a better soilless culture medium and the possibility of grass clippings as alternative substrate for peat moss to grow Begonia cucullata Willd. in pots, the seedlings of widely cultivated B. cu...In order to investigate a better soilless culture medium and the possibility of grass clippings as alternative substrate for peat moss to grow Begonia cucullata Willd. in pots, the seedlings of widely cultivated B. cucullata were grown in pots with eight types of soilless substrates： T1（peat： perlite=1：1）, T2（peat： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1）, T3（corn stover： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1）, T4（corn stover： perlite： pine bark=2：1：1）, T5（grass clipping： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1）, T6（grass clipping： perlite：pine bark=2：1：1）, T7（vermiculite： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1） and T8（vermiculite： perlite： pine bark=2：1：1）, respectively, in a shade house of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden to evaluate plant growth performance. The results showed that the stem diameter of B. cucullata increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 after potting,and the plant height, leaf number and leaf area increased largest from day 60 to day 90 after potting in all treatments. The growth of plants performed best in T6,with the highest branch number, leaf thickness, flower number, aboveground fresh and dry weights and relative chlorophyll content. Therefore, the substrate with grass clipping： perlite： pine bark=2：1：1 was the best culture medium for growing B. cucullata in this study, and the grass clippings could replace peat moss as alternative substrate for growing B. cucullata in containers.展开更多
The function of stomata in plants is controlling gas exchange and modulating water balance. The distribution pattern of stomata in most vascular plants follows a certain regulation with at least one normal epidermal c...The function of stomata in plants is controlling gas exchange and modulating water balance. The distribution pattern of stomata in most vascular plants follows a certain regulation with at least one normal epidermal cell between two stomata. However, some plants restricted in several genera of vascular plants have stomatal clusters in which more than one stoma is adjacently arranged with no epidermal cells among them. The developmental process of stomatal clusters in plants, especially in non-mutant (wild type) vascular plants, has rarely been documented, and very few studies concerning the distribution pattern of stomatal clusters on leaf epidermis have been carried out. We reported the developmental mechanism and distribution pattern of stomatal clusters in Begonia peltatifolia Li native to China. The results indicated that the clustered arrangement of meristemoids at the juvenile stage of the leaf development contributed greatly to the pattern of stomatal clusters. Additionally, satellite meristemoids derived from subsidiary cells around the mature stomata also had an impact on the development as well as the pattern of stomatal clusters. Regarding stomatal cluster and singly occurring stoma both as a stomatal unit, we found that the stomatal unit density (i.e., number of stomatal unit per area) increased gradually from the middle part to the edge and the apex of the leaf, while stomatal unit size (i.e., number of stomata per stomatal unit) decreased. The possible reason of this pattern was discussed.展开更多
Begonia, one of the most diverse plant taxa and the fifth or sixth largest angiosperm genus, consists of over1800 accepted species. The number of species recognized within this genus has greatly increased over the pas...Begonia, one of the most diverse plant taxa and the fifth or sixth largest angiosperm genus, consists of over1800 accepted species. The number of species recognized within this genus has greatly increased over the past 20 years, rising from 80 to 200 species in China alone. Based on recent field surveys, the number of begonia species in China is predicted to be between 250 and 300. Given the large number of begonia species that still remain to be described, further taxonomical work is urgently required. This is especially true for Chinese Begonia, in which there is a huge diversity of habitat, habit, plant size, leaf type, flower and fruit morphology, and most species are narrowly distributed in isolated habitats that are subject to negative disturbances from climate change, as well as agricultural and industrial activities. Although the conservation status for the majority of species has been evaluated using the standards of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the results don't represent the truth in many species, and also about11.5% of which are data-absent. In addition, illegal collection and over-harvesting of wild begonias for ornamental or medicinal use has increased due to the rapid development of internet commerce. Far more often than predicted, these species should be categorized as rare and endangered and require immediate protection. Ex situ conservation of Chinese begonias started in 1995 and over 60% of the total species have been so far introduced into cultivation by several major botanical gardens in China. However, only few research institutions, limited funds and human resources have been involved in Begonia conservation;moreover, no project has conducted reintroduction. Therefore, more conservation-based work remains to be done. Improved conservation of Chinese begonias in the future depends on further field survey, an improved understanding of population diversity, and integrative approaches, including in situ and ex situ conservation, seed banking, and plant reintroduction. Species-targeted conservation zones should be established for endangered species excluded from the existing nature reserves. Additionally, laws pertaining to plant protection should be extended to prevent the illegal collection and transaction of wild plants, particularly for those species with unique habitats and small populations.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of Begonia wallichiana.[Methods]With sterilized tube seedling leaves as the recipient material and GFP as the re...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of Begonia wallichiana.[Methods]With sterilized tube seedling leaves as the recipient material and GFP as the reporter gene,optimization experiments were carried out in terms of infection time and method,co-cultivation time and method,and PCR detection technology.[Results]The transformation effect was better under the conditions of shaking Agrobacterium liquid,infection time of 1-2 h,and co-cultivation on sterilized filter paper for 2 d.After co-cultivation,the recipient material was first subjected to recovery culture,and then used for Hyg gradient screening,which was conducive to obtaining resistant transformants.The designed specific PCR detection technology could quickly identify false positives in resistant regenerated plants,and the proportion of transgenic plants was 16.7%.[Conclusions]The research results provide a new technical reference for the genetic transformation of ornamental plants.展开更多
Begonia menglianensis Y.Y.Qian was regarded as a synonym of Begonia augustinei Hemsl.After compa-ring the type and additional collections made from the type locality,we found that this species is distinct,and mostly s...Begonia menglianensis Y.Y.Qian was regarded as a synonym of Begonia augustinei Hemsl.After compa-ring the type and additional collections made from the type locality,we found that this species is distinct,and mostly similar to Begonia rex Putz.in its fruit morphology.However,it can be easily distinguished by its flat and nearly tri-quetrous superior edge of the major fruit wing.Together with information on its pollen and seeds observed under Scanning Electronic Microscope,a revised description for B.menglianensis is provided.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Shanghai Municipal Greening and City Appearance Administration(F112421)Foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(14DZ2260400)Environmental Protection Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(XCJZ[2012]347,XCJZ[2013]229)~~
文摘In order to investigate a better soilless culture medium and the possibility of grass clippings as alternative substrate for peat moss to grow Begonia cucullata Willd. in pots, the seedlings of widely cultivated B. cucullata were grown in pots with eight types of soilless substrates： T1（peat： perlite=1：1）, T2（peat： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1）, T3（corn stover： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1）, T4（corn stover： perlite： pine bark=2：1：1）, T5（grass clipping： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1）, T6（grass clipping： perlite：pine bark=2：1：1）, T7（vermiculite： perlite： pine bark=1：1：1） and T8（vermiculite： perlite： pine bark=2：1：1）, respectively, in a shade house of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden to evaluate plant growth performance. The results showed that the stem diameter of B. cucullata increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 after potting,and the plant height, leaf number and leaf area increased largest from day 60 to day 90 after potting in all treatments. The growth of plants performed best in T6,with the highest branch number, leaf thickness, flower number, aboveground fresh and dry weights and relative chlorophyll content. Therefore, the substrate with grass clipping： perlite： pine bark=2：1：1 was the best culture medium for growing B. cucullata in this study, and the grass clippings could replace peat moss as alternative substrate for growing B. cucullata in containers.
文摘The function of stomata in plants is controlling gas exchange and modulating water balance. The distribution pattern of stomata in most vascular plants follows a certain regulation with at least one normal epidermal cell between two stomata. However, some plants restricted in several genera of vascular plants have stomatal clusters in which more than one stoma is adjacently arranged with no epidermal cells among them. The developmental process of stomatal clusters in plants, especially in non-mutant (wild type) vascular plants, has rarely been documented, and very few studies concerning the distribution pattern of stomatal clusters on leaf epidermis have been carried out. We reported the developmental mechanism and distribution pattern of stomatal clusters in Begonia peltatifolia Li native to China. The results indicated that the clustered arrangement of meristemoids at the juvenile stage of the leaf development contributed greatly to the pattern of stomatal clusters. Additionally, satellite meristemoids derived from subsidiary cells around the mature stomata also had an impact on the development as well as the pattern of stomatal clusters. Regarding stomatal cluster and singly occurring stoma both as a stomatal unit, we found that the stomatal unit density (i.e., number of stomatal unit per area) increased gradually from the middle part to the edge and the apex of the leaf, while stomatal unit size (i.e., number of stomata per stomatal unit) decreased. The possible reason of this pattern was discussed.
基金supported by the funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570199)the project of Shanghai Landscaping Administration Bureau (F122416)
文摘Begonia, one of the most diverse plant taxa and the fifth or sixth largest angiosperm genus, consists of over1800 accepted species. The number of species recognized within this genus has greatly increased over the past 20 years, rising from 80 to 200 species in China alone. Based on recent field surveys, the number of begonia species in China is predicted to be between 250 and 300. Given the large number of begonia species that still remain to be described, further taxonomical work is urgently required. This is especially true for Chinese Begonia, in which there is a huge diversity of habitat, habit, plant size, leaf type, flower and fruit morphology, and most species are narrowly distributed in isolated habitats that are subject to negative disturbances from climate change, as well as agricultural and industrial activities. Although the conservation status for the majority of species has been evaluated using the standards of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the results don't represent the truth in many species, and also about11.5% of which are data-absent. In addition, illegal collection and over-harvesting of wild begonias for ornamental or medicinal use has increased due to the rapid development of internet commerce. Far more often than predicted, these species should be categorized as rare and endangered and require immediate protection. Ex situ conservation of Chinese begonias started in 1995 and over 60% of the total species have been so far introduced into cultivation by several major botanical gardens in China. However, only few research institutions, limited funds and human resources have been involved in Begonia conservation;moreover, no project has conducted reintroduction. Therefore, more conservation-based work remains to be done. Improved conservation of Chinese begonias in the future depends on further field survey, an improved understanding of population diversity, and integrative approaches, including in situ and ex situ conservation, seed banking, and plant reintroduction. Species-targeted conservation zones should be established for endangered species excluded from the existing nature reserves. Additionally, laws pertaining to plant protection should be extended to prevent the illegal collection and transaction of wild plants, particularly for those species with unique habitats and small populations.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of Begonia wallichiana.[Methods]With sterilized tube seedling leaves as the recipient material and GFP as the reporter gene,optimization experiments were carried out in terms of infection time and method,co-cultivation time and method,and PCR detection technology.[Results]The transformation effect was better under the conditions of shaking Agrobacterium liquid,infection time of 1-2 h,and co-cultivation on sterilized filter paper for 2 d.After co-cultivation,the recipient material was first subjected to recovery culture,and then used for Hyg gradient screening,which was conducive to obtaining resistant transformants.The designed specific PCR detection technology could quickly identify false positives in resistant regenerated plants,and the proportion of transgenic plants was 16.7%.[Conclusions]The research results provide a new technical reference for the genetic transformation of ornamental plants.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070174,31370228)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy(292010KIBA09)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany(KLBB201205)
文摘Begonia menglianensis Y.Y.Qian was regarded as a synonym of Begonia augustinei Hemsl.After compa-ring the type and additional collections made from the type locality,we found that this species is distinct,and mostly similar to Begonia rex Putz.in its fruit morphology.However,it can be easily distinguished by its flat and nearly tri-quetrous superior edge of the major fruit wing.Together with information on its pollen and seeds observed under Scanning Electronic Microscope,a revised description for B.menglianensis is provided.
