Objective: To test the effectiveness of conidial spore formulations [Aspergillus tubingensis(A.tubingensis) and Trichoderma harzianum(T.harzianum)] against tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus.Methods: Spore formulatio...Objective: To test the effectiveness of conidial spore formulations [Aspergillus tubingensis(A.tubingensis) and Trichoderma harzianum(T.harzianum)] against tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus.Methods: Spore formulations were made from two fungal strains, T.harzianum and A.tubingensis.The bed bugs were exposed to the conidial spores placed soaked onto a fabric cloth for 1 h and the mortality counts were recorded daily until 14 days.Results: Mean survival times based on Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant differences between all the concentrations in both the fungal isolates:T.harzianum and A.tubingensis.However, the evaluation of both the isolates in terms of virulence resulted in low lethal hours in all the concentrations except for the high concentration of A.tubingensis(LT_(50)= 44.629 h) at the conidial exposure of 1 × 10~6 spores/mL.Rapid mortality of the bed bugs was observed from Day 6 to Day 12, ranging from 13% to 90% in all three concentrations of A.tubingensis.With reference to the T.harzianum exposure, the concentration of 1 × 10~4 spores/mL displayed a gradual increase in the percentage mortality of 90 on Day 14.Conclusions: Approaches to the bed bugs treatment should be explored in-depth using a natural biological agent like fungus especially A.tubingensis to reduce this pest population, in order to replace chemical methods.展开更多
Desiccant dusts have been shown to be effective materials in the management of bed bugs(Cimex spp.).Past research primarily focused on exploring the direct lethal effect of dusts against bed bugs,whereas information o...Desiccant dusts have been shown to be effective materials in the management of bed bugs(Cimex spp.).Past research primarily focused on exploring the direct lethal effect of dusts against bed bugs,whereas information on their sublethal effects on bed bugs are limited.In this study,we evaluated the lethal effect of 3 dust products(Johnson's®Baby powder,Vazor DE powder^(TM),and CimeXaTM;abbreviated as Baby powder,DE,and TM CimeXa)against the tropical bed bug,Cimex hemipterus(F.),under laboratory conditions.Results showed that the 3 dust products caused 97%100%mortality to tropical bed bugs within 14 d,both in no-choice and choice experiments.However,in a brief exposure experiment(crossing a 2.5-cm-wide band),Baby powder exposure caused a significantly lower mortality(23%)than DE(88%)and CimeXa(100%).The more effective dusts(DE and CimeXa)were selected for further evaluation of their sublethal effects on C.hemipterus.DE and CimeXa caused significantly higher mortality(48%58%)through horizontal transfer than that of control(6%).Brief exposure to DE and CimeXa dusts did not affect tropical bed bug activity and their response to CO_(2).However,CimeXa-exposed tropical bed bugs exhibited reduced feeding and lowered survival rate after feeding.Moreover,both DE and CimeXa dust bands showed strong barrier effects on the crawling of tropical bed bugs.Our results indicate that both DE and CimeXa have great potential for preventing C.hemipterus from reaching protected areas and for controlling C.hemipterus.展开更多
由于DDT等现代杀虫剂的问世,臭虫在20世纪40-50年代以后在全球大部分地区尤其是发达国家和地区销声匿迹,但近10多年来臭虫在部分国家和地区重新出现。本文对其再猖獗原因、生物学和行为、饲养、抗药性、监测与防治策略进行了综述,旨在...由于DDT等现代杀虫剂的问世,臭虫在20世纪40-50年代以后在全球大部分地区尤其是发达国家和地区销声匿迹,但近10多年来臭虫在部分国家和地区重新出现。本文对其再猖獗原因、生物学和行为、饲养、抗药性、监测与防治策略进行了综述,旨在引起国人的重视,对今后臭虫的监测和防治起到抛砖引玉的作用。本文分析了近15年有关温带臭虫Cimex lectularius L.和热带臭虫C.hemipterus(F.)的研究文献。臭虫再猖獗被认为是因为它对目前使用的杀虫剂例如拟除虫菊酯类等产生抗性以及频繁的地区及国际交往等因素造成的。简单、经济和大规模臭虫种群饲养方法——人工膜饲喂法的研发为我们开展臭虫生物学和生态学研究提供了便利。控制和根除臭虫目前仍较困难,采用害虫综合治理(integrated pest management,IPM)策略,包括臭虫知识宣传、主动监测、非化学防治方法(例如:经常洗涤床上用品、蒸汽熏蒸、热处理、使用床垫罩、在家具腿下放置臭虫拦截装置)、有选择使用杀虫剂以及定期监测及反复防治等措施,可达到很好的防控效果。在我国部分地区,臭虫发生也呈上升趋势,工人宿舍和火车车厢是常见的臭虫为害环境。有必要对我国臭虫发生现状及其抗药性进行调查与监测。还应借鉴国际先进技术,研制出我国适用的、有效的监测工具和防治方法,并根据我国具体国情制定出切实可行的防治标准。同时积极开展臭虫科普宣传,做到早发现、早防治,防止臭虫再猖獗和扩散。展开更多
基金Supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia(Grant No.304/PBIOLOGI/6313030)
文摘Objective: To test the effectiveness of conidial spore formulations [Aspergillus tubingensis(A.tubingensis) and Trichoderma harzianum(T.harzianum)] against tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus.Methods: Spore formulations were made from two fungal strains, T.harzianum and A.tubingensis.The bed bugs were exposed to the conidial spores placed soaked onto a fabric cloth for 1 h and the mortality counts were recorded daily until 14 days.Results: Mean survival times based on Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant differences between all the concentrations in both the fungal isolates:T.harzianum and A.tubingensis.However, the evaluation of both the isolates in terms of virulence resulted in low lethal hours in all the concentrations except for the high concentration of A.tubingensis(LT_(50)= 44.629 h) at the conidial exposure of 1 × 10~6 spores/mL.Rapid mortality of the bed bugs was observed from Day 6 to Day 12, ranging from 13% to 90% in all three concentrations of A.tubingensis.With reference to the T.harzianum exposure, the concentration of 1 × 10~4 spores/mL displayed a gradual increase in the percentage mortality of 90 on Day 14.Conclusions: Approaches to the bed bugs treatment should be explored in-depth using a natural biological agent like fungus especially A.tubingensis to reduce this pest population, in order to replace chemical methods.
基金supported by the Ningbo Key Research and Development Plan and"Jie Bang Gua Shuai"Program(2022Z124)the Foreign Expert Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G2023030035).
文摘Desiccant dusts have been shown to be effective materials in the management of bed bugs(Cimex spp.).Past research primarily focused on exploring the direct lethal effect of dusts against bed bugs,whereas information on their sublethal effects on bed bugs are limited.In this study,we evaluated the lethal effect of 3 dust products(Johnson's®Baby powder,Vazor DE powder^(TM),and CimeXaTM;abbreviated as Baby powder,DE,and TM CimeXa)against the tropical bed bug,Cimex hemipterus(F.),under laboratory conditions.Results showed that the 3 dust products caused 97%100%mortality to tropical bed bugs within 14 d,both in no-choice and choice experiments.However,in a brief exposure experiment(crossing a 2.5-cm-wide band),Baby powder exposure caused a significantly lower mortality(23%)than DE(88%)and CimeXa(100%).The more effective dusts(DE and CimeXa)were selected for further evaluation of their sublethal effects on C.hemipterus.DE and CimeXa caused significantly higher mortality(48%58%)through horizontal transfer than that of control(6%).Brief exposure to DE and CimeXa dusts did not affect tropical bed bug activity and their response to CO_(2).However,CimeXa-exposed tropical bed bugs exhibited reduced feeding and lowered survival rate after feeding.Moreover,both DE and CimeXa dust bands showed strong barrier effects on the crawling of tropical bed bugs.Our results indicate that both DE and CimeXa have great potential for preventing C.hemipterus from reaching protected areas and for controlling C.hemipterus.
文摘由于DDT等现代杀虫剂的问世,臭虫在20世纪40-50年代以后在全球大部分地区尤其是发达国家和地区销声匿迹,但近10多年来臭虫在部分国家和地区重新出现。本文对其再猖獗原因、生物学和行为、饲养、抗药性、监测与防治策略进行了综述,旨在引起国人的重视,对今后臭虫的监测和防治起到抛砖引玉的作用。本文分析了近15年有关温带臭虫Cimex lectularius L.和热带臭虫C.hemipterus(F.)的研究文献。臭虫再猖獗被认为是因为它对目前使用的杀虫剂例如拟除虫菊酯类等产生抗性以及频繁的地区及国际交往等因素造成的。简单、经济和大规模臭虫种群饲养方法——人工膜饲喂法的研发为我们开展臭虫生物学和生态学研究提供了便利。控制和根除臭虫目前仍较困难,采用害虫综合治理(integrated pest management,IPM)策略,包括臭虫知识宣传、主动监测、非化学防治方法(例如:经常洗涤床上用品、蒸汽熏蒸、热处理、使用床垫罩、在家具腿下放置臭虫拦截装置)、有选择使用杀虫剂以及定期监测及反复防治等措施,可达到很好的防控效果。在我国部分地区,臭虫发生也呈上升趋势,工人宿舍和火车车厢是常见的臭虫为害环境。有必要对我国臭虫发生现状及其抗药性进行调查与监测。还应借鉴国际先进技术,研制出我国适用的、有效的监测工具和防治方法,并根据我国具体国情制定出切实可行的防治标准。同时积极开展臭虫科普宣传,做到早发现、早防治,防止臭虫再猖獗和扩散。
